WO2018097184A1 - 電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液 - Google Patents
電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018097184A1 WO2018097184A1 PCT/JP2017/042024 JP2017042024W WO2018097184A1 WO 2018097184 A1 WO2018097184 A1 WO 2018097184A1 JP 2017042024 W JP2017042024 W JP 2017042024W WO 2018097184 A1 WO2018097184 A1 WO 2018097184A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- pyridinium
- plating solution
- electrolytic
- base material
- Prior art date
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 294
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- -1 N-substituted pyridinium compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- FZENGILVLUJGJX-NSCUHMNNSA-N (E)-acetaldehyde oxime Chemical group C\C=N\O FZENGILVLUJGJX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DNHDSWZXBHTLDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)CCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C=C DNHDSWZXBHTLDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004966 cyanoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RJPRZHQPROLZRW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2-hydroxy-3-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylpropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(O)C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 RJPRZHQPROLZRW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- REEBJQTUIJTGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)CCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REEBJQTUIJTGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PQBAWAQIRZIWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylpyridinium Chemical compound C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 PQBAWAQIRZIWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OIDIRWZVUWCCCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 OIDIRWZVUWCCCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CRTKBIFIDSNKCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 CRTKBIFIDSNKCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VWYJBSDFDVMCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O VWYJBSDFDVMCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QUHCZCXSJXCZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=[N+](CC(O)CS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 QUHCZCXSJXCZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PBIZDZQRODMMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylacetonitrile Chemical compound N#CC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 PBIZDZQRODMMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WXNLLEDALLWEDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylethanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)CC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 WXNLLEDALLWEDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SZXKBAYUORLNCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=[N+]1CCCS([O-])(=O)=O SZXKBAYUORLNCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IIHJMLWVXUBXPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(=C)C1=[N+](C=CC=C1)CC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O IIHJMLWVXUBXPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YAIZLGQMNDXKEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(C)C1=[N+](C=CC=C1)CC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O YAIZLGQMNDXKEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MTCXCYYDFLRQJM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-(2-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=[N+]1CCCS(O)(=O)=O MTCXCYYDFLRQJM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- PKGBPNJGRHFPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(=C)C=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O PKGBPNJGRHFPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JFGRBKKGTCHWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(=C)C=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] JFGRBKKGTCHWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KQYJTLHBMMEKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-(3-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C[N+](CCCS(O)(=O)=O)=C1 KQYJTLHBMMEKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- COKRBJVKPKINFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(=C)C1=CC=[N+](C=C1)CC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O COKRBJVKPKINFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQTOWWAWSGQJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)CCC[N+]1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 LQTOWWAWSGQJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NZCXIWQXHBATJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(C)C1=CC=[N+](C=C1)CC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O NZCXIWQXHBATJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MZRTWEBOYWBGCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=[N+](CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 MZRTWEBOYWBGCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QMGYGZCGWOKPGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-tert-butylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=[N+](CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 QMGYGZCGWOKPGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QHYRCBCJLCPXDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(=C)C1=[N+](C=CC=C1)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] QHYRCBCJLCPXDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JXAWZAJTBDTFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-ethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(C)C1=[N+](C=CC=C1)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] JXAWZAJTBDTFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CNWZQHQBFBOAKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=[N+]1CCCCS([O-])(=O)=O CNWZQHQBFBOAKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QRTJRSRSSMMOLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(=C)C=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] QRTJRSRSSMMOLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OTKPJGOEDDZARU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-ethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(C)C=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] OTKPJGOEDDZARU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KKLOKLYPNNMJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] KKLOKLYPNNMJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IKTSQMRISHFQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-ethenylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(=C)C1=CC=[N+](C=C1)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] IKTSQMRISHFQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GOEMUOMIRJREHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-ethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(C)C1=CC=[N+](C=C1)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] GOEMUOMIRJREHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HAHHWLUKPSWAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=[N+](C=C1)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] HAHHWLUKPSWAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DEHRBRNPZIHENL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 4-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylbutane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 DEHRBRNPZIHENL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UQPSGBZICXWIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dibromide;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Br[Ni]Br UQPSGBZICXWIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoborinic acid Chemical compound OB=O VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- LOBSGGGOGQEPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=[N+](C=CC=C1)CC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O LOBSGGGOGQEPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UPPLJLAHMKABPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].[Ni+2].[Ni+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O UPPLJLAHMKABPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- WGKFYTOFWAFMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-ethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(C)C=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O WGKFYTOFWAFMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XWZLWGGPTSMQBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CCCS(=O)(=O)[O-].C(C)C1=[N+](C=CC=C1)CCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C)C=1C=[N+](C=CC1)CCCS(=O)(=O)[O-].C(C)C1=[N+](C=CC=C1)CCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] XWZLWGGPTSMQBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVOLLAQWKVFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridostigmine Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=C[N+](C)=C1 RVOLLAQWKVFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFAIHVPBSXATTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-ethylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methanol Chemical compound CC[N+]1=CC=CC(CO)=C1 LFAIHVPBSXATTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DADKKHHMGSWSPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC(C)=C1 DADKKHHMGSWSPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLHWTTWXYBJBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NNLHWTTWXYBJBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMKUSFIBHAUBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 AMKUSFIBHAUBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHMAVIPBRSVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1-methylnicotinamide Chemical compound C[N+]1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 LDHMAVIPBRSVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- HOZSKYZXBJWURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 HOZSKYZXBJWURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJPRZHQPROLZRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 RJPRZHQPROLZRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVGWLPJWJLMQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=[N+]1CCCS([O-])(=O)=O UVGWLPJWJLMQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQCGLRCQEBJMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-ethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCC1=C[N+](=CC=C1)CCCS(=O)(=O)[O-] UQCGLRCQEBJMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REEBJQTUIJTGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylpropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REEBJQTUIJTGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRCORXPNDAXTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1)CS(O)(=O)=O.[OH-] Chemical compound OC(C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1)CS(O)(=O)=O.[OH-] NRCORXPNDAXTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXUZILQYXHNBRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1-ethylpyridin-1-ium-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC[N+]1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 CXUZILQYXHNBRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OENLEHTYJXMVBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 OENLEHTYJXMVBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002290 pyridostigmine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
- C25D3/14—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt from baths containing acetylenic or heterocyclic compounds
- C25D3/18—Heterocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
- C25D7/123—Semiconductors first coated with a seed layer or a conductive layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
- H01L21/2885—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition using an external electrical current, i.e. electro-deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/42—Plated through-holes or plated via connections
- H05K3/423—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by electroplating method
Definitions
- the present invention may be referred to as electrolytic nickel plating solution or electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution (hereinafter collectively referred to as “electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution”.
- electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution More specifically, the deposited “nickel or nickel alloy” is sometimes referred to as “nickel (alloy)”.
- nickel (alloy) More specifically, for plating filling of minute holes and minute recesses in electronic components, two or more electronic components are overlapped with each other.
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution that is particularly suitable for filling a gap in a minute gap generated at the time.
- the present invention also relates to a method for plating and filling micropores and microrecesses using such electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution, a method for manufacturing a micro three-dimensional structure, an electronic component assembly, a method for manufacturing the same, and the like.
- Electronic circuit components typified by semiconductors and printed circuit boards (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “electronic components”) have minute holes such as vias, through holes, trenches, and minute recesses for wiring formation.
- electronic components Conventionally, in the manufacture of multilayer printed circuit boards in which a plurality of circuit boards are laminated, a staggered via structure in which via walls are conformally copper-plated (follow-up plating) and then connected to other layers in a staggered arrangement has been the mainstream.
- TSV through silicon via
- Electrolytic copper plating solution for filling micropores and microrecesses contains multiple additives and fills vias by optimally controlling their concentration balance, but there are no macrovoids of several ⁇ m. Even if it could be filled, there was a problem that micro-voids on the order of nm remained as a side effect of the additive. Copper is a metal whose melting point is not so high (1083 ° C.), and it is well known that recrystallization occurs even when left at room temperature after electrolytic copper plating. As a result of the aggregation of nano-order microvoids in this recrystallization process, there is a problem that macrovoids are formed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 polyethylene glycol (PEG), which is an additive, is partly incorporated into a copper film, resulting in nano-order microvoids in the copper film. The formation of large voids reaching a diameter of 70 nm is described.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the copper filling method using an electrolytic copper plating solution has a potential for such problems, and when further miniaturization of the wiring advances, void growth and void movement accompanying microvoid aggregation occur. As a result, a decrease in wiring reliability may become apparent.
- Non-Patent Document 2 the filling properties in the trenches when various additives are added to the electrolytic nickel plating solution are examined, and the addition of thiourea fills the fine recesses (trench).
- the filling property with the electrolytic nickel plating solution described in Non-Patent Document 2 is still insufficient, and generation of voids cannot be suppressed. It was found that the structure was defective as a crack.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned background art, and its problem is that, when a minute hole or minute recess in an electronic circuit component is filled with nickel or a nickel alloy, a defect such as a void or a seam is not generated.
- an electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution that can be filled, and to provide a nickel or nickel alloy plating filling method using such an electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution and a method of manufacturing a micro three-dimensional structure. It is to provide.
- the problem of the present invention is that an electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution capable of filling a minute gap generated when two or more electronic components are stacked and firmly bonding the electronic components, Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an electronic component assembly using the same.
- the present inventor has electroplated using an electrolytic nickel plating solution containing a specific N-substituted pyridinium compound, so that the micropores and the microrecesses are formed in the micropores and microrecesses.
- the present inventors have found that nickel can be filled without generating defects such as voids, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic nickel plating solution or an electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution comprising a nickel salt, a pH buffer, and an N-substituted pyridinium compound represented by the following general formula (A). Is.
- —R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group or a cyanoalkyl group, an amino group (—NH 2 ), or a cyano group.
- —R 2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, a methoxycarbonyl group (—CO—O—CH 3 ), a carbamoyl group (—CO—NH 2 ), dimethylcarbamoyloxy.
- X ⁇ is any anion.
- the present invention also provides an electrolytic nickel plating solution or an electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution containing a nickel salt, a pH buffer, and an N-substituted pyridinium compound represented by the following general formula (B). Is.
- —R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group (—OH).
- —R 4 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a vinyl group or a carbamoyl group (—CO—NH 2 ).
- m is 0, 1 or 2.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a nickel precipitate or nickel alloy precipitate, characterized in that electrolytic plating is performed using the above electrolytic nickel plating solution or electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution.
- the present invention is characterized in that electrolytic plating is performed using the above electrolytic nickel plating solution or electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution, and the micropores or microrecesses are filled with nickel precipitates or nickel alloy precipitates.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing electronic components.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic plating seed layer in advance on the surface of a minute hole or minute recess formed in an electronic component, and then immerses the electronic component in the electrolytic nickel plating solution or the electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution.
- the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an electronic component in which nickel deposits or nickel alloy deposits are filled in micropores or microrecesses, which are electroplated using an external power source.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a micro three-dimensional structure, which includes a step of plating and filling micro holes or micro recesses by the above manufacturing method.
- the present invention provides a method in which two or more electronic components are stacked and the two or more electronic components are placed in the above-described electrolytic nickel plating solution or electrolytic nickel alloy in a state where a minute gap is formed between the electronic components.
- the present invention provides a method for producing an electronic component assembly, wherein the minute gap is filled by dipping in a plating solution and electrolytic plating using an external power source.
- the present invention is an electronic component joined body in which two or more electronic components are joined by nickel or a nickel alloy, in the vicinity of a minute gap formed between the electronic components, from other parts. Further, the present invention provides an electronic component joined body in which a large amount of nickel or a nickel alloy is deposited.
- the present invention is an electronic component joining terminal composed of nickel or a nickel alloy, and the base material having a thickness of 1 mm or less is substantially perpendicular to the base material surface of the base material.
- a plug portion embedded so as not to penetrate the base material; and a cap portion having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the plug portion and in contact with the plug portion, the outer diameter of the cap portion being 200 ⁇ m or less
- the cap portion has a shape protruding from the base material surface of the base material, and provides a single-sided electronic component joining terminal.
- the present invention is an electronic component joining terminal composed of nickel or a nickel alloy, and the base material having a thickness of 1 mm or less is substantially perpendicular to the base material surface of the base material.
- the outer diameter of each is 200 ⁇ m or less, and the two cap portions are provided so as to protrude from the respective base material surfaces of the base material. is there.
- the present invention is an electronic component joining terminal composed of nickel or a nickel alloy, and the base material having a thickness of 1 mm or less is substantially perpendicular to the base material surface of the base material.
- the present invention provides a single-sided electronic component joining terminal comprising a plug portion embedded so as not to penetrate a base material, and having an outer diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention is an electronic component joining terminal composed of nickel or a nickel alloy, and the base material having a thickness of 1 mm or less is substantially perpendicular to the base material surface of the base material.
- the present invention provides a double-sided electronic component bonding terminal characterized by comprising a plug portion embedded so as to penetrate through a base material, and having an outer diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention by using nickel plating or nickel alloy plating, it is possible to fill the minute holes or minute recesses in the electronic circuit component without generating defects such as voids and seams.
- the micropores and the microrecesses can be filled. Therefore, even if the wiring is further miniaturized, defects associated with void aggregation hardly occur and the miniaturization progresses. It can be widely applied to 3D wiring formation and 3D MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) parts.
- nickel can be deposited in minute parts, so that the amount of nickel deposited in the minute gaps generated when electronic parts are stacked can be increased, and the electronic parts can be firmly joined together. Can do.
- the electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “the plating solution of the present invention”) is a nickel salt, a pH buffer, the following general formula (A) or the following general formula.
- An N-substituted pyridinium compound represented by (B) is contained.
- —R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group or a cyanoalkyl group, an amino group (—NH 2 ), or a cyano group.
- —R 2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, a methoxycarbonyl group (—CO—O—CH 3 ), a carbamoyl group (—CO—NH 2 ), dimethylcarbamoyloxy.
- X ⁇ is any anion.
- —R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group (—OH).
- —R 4 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a vinyl group or a carbamoyl group (—CO—NH 2 ).
- m is 0, 1 or 2.
- nickel salt to be contained in the plating solution of the present invention from the viewpoint of water solubility and filling properties, nickel sulfate, nickel sulfamate, nickel chloride, nickel bromide, nickel carbonate, nickel nitrate, nickel formate, nickel acetate, citric acid Although nickel, nickel borofluoride, etc. are mentioned, it is not limited to these. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the total content of the nickel salt is preferably 10 g / L or more and 180 g / L or less, and particularly preferably 50 g / L or more and 130 g / L or less as nickel ions. Within the above range, the nickel deposition rate can be made sufficient, and the micropores and microrecesses can be filled without generating voids.
- pH buffering agent examples include, but are not limited to, boric acid, metaboric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and salts thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the total content of the pH buffering agent is preferably 1 g / L or more and 100 g / L or less, particularly preferably 5 g / L or more and 50 g / L or less.
- the action of the N-substituted pyridinium compound represented by the general formula (A) or the general formula (B) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “specific N-substituted pyridinium compound”) is difficult to inhibit, The effect of the present invention is maintained.
- the plating solution of the present invention contains a specific N-substituted pyridinium compound. Due to the action of the specific N-substituted pyridinium compound, the plating solution of the present invention can fill micropores and microrecesses without generating voids.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 4 in the general formula (A) and the general formula (B) are an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group, a cyanoalkyl group or a hydroxyalkyl group, R 1 , R 2 and R 4 may be different from each other. Further, the carbon number of R 1 , R 2 and R 4 is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3, and particularly preferably 1 or 2.
- —R 1 examples include —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CN, and the like.
- —R 2 examples include —H, —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , —CH 2 OH, —CH ⁇ CH 2 , —CONH 2 , —CH ⁇ NOH, and the like.
- X ⁇ include halide ions (chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions) and the like.
- Specific examples of the specific N-substituted pyridinium compound represented by the general formula (A) include 1-methylpyridinium, 1-ethylpyridinium, 1-propylpyridinium, 1-butylpyridinium, 1-pentylpyridinium, 1-hexylpyridinium.
- Specific examples of the specific N-substituted pyridinium compound represented by the general formula (B) include 1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium, 1- (2-sulfonatoethyl) pyridinium, 1- (4-sulfonatobutyl) Pyridinium, 2-vinyl-1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium, 3-vinyl-1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium, 4-vinyl-1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium, 2-methyl -1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium, 3-methyl-1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium, 4-methyl-1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium, 2-ethyl-1- (3 -Sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium, 3-ethyl
- “1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium” is a compound of the general formula (B) in which —R 3 is a hydrogen atom, —R 4 is a hydrogen atom, and m is 1, There are other names such as “propyl) pyridinium hydroxide inner salt”, “1- (3-sulfopropyl) pyridinium”, “PPS” and the like.
- “2-Vinyl-1- (3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium” is a compound of the general formula (B) in which —R 3 is a hydrogen atom, —R 4 is a vinyl group bonded to the ortho position, and m is 1.
- “1- (2-hydroxy-3-sulfonatopropyl) pyridinium” is a compound of the general formula (B) in which —R 3 is a hydroxyl group, —R 4 is a hydrogen atom, and m is 1.
- the specific N-substituted pyridinium compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, the total content of the specific N-substituted pyridinium compound in the plating solution of the present invention is preferably 0.01 g / L or more and 100 g / L or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 g / L or more and 10 g / L or less. Within the above range, the amount of nickel deposited outside the micropores and microrecesses can be increased, and the microholes and microrecesses can be filled without generating voids.
- the plating solution of the present invention is an electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution
- the metal ions for alloying with nickel for example, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, manganese, iron, zinc, tin, copper, palladium, gold, etc.
- nickel or nickel alloy film may contain carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, chlorine, bromine or the like.
- a pit inhibitor, a primary brightener, a secondary brightener, a surfactant, and the like can be added as necessary within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the plating solution of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in filling micropores or microrecesses formed in electronic circuit components, but it should also be used for the production of ordinary nickel (alloy) precipitates. Can do. That is, this invention relates also to the manufacturing method of the nickel deposit or nickel alloy deposit characterized by performing electrolytic plating using said electrolytic nickel plating solution or electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution.
- the amount of precipitation inside the micropores or microrecesses is larger than the amount of precipitation outside the micropores or microrecesses.
- nickel or a nickel alloy
- voids (holes) and seams (grooves) are less likely to be generated inside the minute holes and the minute recesses. For this reason, in combination with the high melting point of nickel, it is expected that an electronic circuit component filled with micropores or microrecesses with the plating solution of the present invention has high reliability.
- the present invention is characterized in that electroplating is performed using the electrolytic nickel plating solution or the electrolytic nickel alloy plating solution, and the electron in which the micropores or the microrecesses are filled with the nickel deposit or the nickel alloy deposit It also relates to a method for manufacturing the part (ie, a method for filling nickel deposits or nickel alloy deposits).
- the present invention provides a method in which an electroplating seed layer is preliminarily applied to the surface of the minute holes or minute recesses formed in the electronic component, and then the electronic component is immersed in the electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution.
- the present invention is also a method of manufacturing an electronic component in which nickel deposits or nickel alloy deposits are filled in micropores or microrecesses, which are electroplated using a power source. Furthermore, the present invention is also a method for manufacturing a micro three-dimensional structure including a step of plating and filling micro holes or micro recesses by the above manufacturing method.
- Microholes or microrecesses are microscopic recesses such as vias, through-holes, and trenches formed in electronic circuit components such as semiconductors and printed boards, and are filled with metal by electrolytic plating or the like. Therefore, the portion functioning as the wiring portion is referred to, and the shape seen from above is not limited. In addition, “micropores” may or may not penetrate.
- the substrate to be plated there are no particular restrictions on the substrate to be plated. Specifically, glass epoxy materials, BT (Bismaleimide-Triazine) resin materials, polypropylene materials, polyimide materials, ceramic materials, silicon materials, metal materials, glass, which are frequently used as electronic circuit components. Materials and the like.
- a well-known method can be used suitably.
- a method by laser processing or ion etching can be used, and minute recesses can be formed with a depth of 100 ⁇ m or less and an aspect ratio of 0.5 or more.
- a pattern is formed on the surface of the substrate to be plated with a photoresist or the like.
- the seed layer for electrolytic plating is formed in the base material surface and the inner surface of a micro recessed part.
- the metal deposition by sputtering, an electroless-plating method, etc. are mentioned.
- a metal which comprises a seed layer Copper, nickel, palladium etc. can be illustrated.
- the substrate to be plated is immersed in the electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution of the present invention, and electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating is performed using an external power source. Fill with nickel or nickel alloy.
- electrolytic plating may be performed using the plating solution of the present invention after degreasing and acid cleaning according to a conventional method.
- filling of micropores or microrecesses means embedding micropores or microrecesses without generating large voids (holes), but when microholes or microrecesses are not completely filled (For example, as shown in FIG. 16 (b), FIG. 19 (c), etc., nickel (alloy) is deposited in the micropores or microrecesses, but there are concave portions)
- nickel or a nickel alloy is deposited on the outer peripheral edge of the minute recess (in the case of FIG. 16A and the like) is also included in the “filling”.
- the minimum plating cross-sectional film thickness (X 2 in FIG. 16) inside the micropores or microrecesses 30 is outside the microholes or microrecesses 30. It is possible to make it larger than the maximum plating film thickness (X 1 in FIG. 16) of the peripheral edge portion 31. That is, in the filling method of the present invention, it is possible to increase the amount of nickel (alloy) deposited in the micropores or microrecesses 30.
- the microholes or microrecesses 30 are completely nickel (alloy) as shown in FIG. It may be buried, or as shown in FIG. 16 (b), it may not be partially buried (it may be a reverse convex shape).
- a structure can be manufactured.
- the plating temperature is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 40 ° C. or higher. Moreover, 70 degrees C or less is preferable and 60 degrees C or less is especially preferable. Within the above range, the filling properties of the micropores and microrecesses are excellent, and the cost is advantageous.
- the current density during plating is preferably 0.1 A / dm 2 or more, particularly preferably 1 A / dm 2 or more. Moreover, 10 A / dm 2 or less is preferable and 5 A / dm 2 or less is particularly preferable. Within the above range, the filling properties of the micropores and microrecesses are excellent, and the cost is advantageous.
- the current density may or may not always be constant during plating filling (for example, the initial current density is lowered and the current density is gradually increased; the pulse current is used; etc.) ). It is preferable that the current density is always constant during plating filling (or constant for most of the time during plating filling) because filling is easy without generating voids.
- the plating time is preferably 5 minutes or longer, particularly preferably 10 minutes or longer. Moreover, 360 minutes or less are preferable and 60 minutes or less are especially preferable. Within the above range, the filling properties of the micropores and microrecesses are excellent, and the cost is advantageous.
- the present invention is a method for manufacturing an electronic component assembly, wherein the minute gap is filled by electrolytic plating using an external power source.
- Electrode means a component that is surface-mounted on an electronic circuit.
- Electric component assembly refers to an assembly of two or more electronic components joined together.
- the amount of nickel or nickel alloy deposited increases in the vicinity of such a minute gap. That is, according to the present invention, an electronic component joined body in which two or more electronic components are joined by nickel or a nickel alloy, in the vicinity of a minute gap formed between the electronic components, It is possible to obtain an electronic component joined body in which more nickel or nickel alloy is deposited than the portion.
- the amount of nickel or nickel alloy deposited is large in the vicinity of the minute gap, so that the joined portion between the electronic components has sufficient strength and high reliability.
- the plating temperature when producing an electronic component assembly is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 40 ° C. or higher. Moreover, 70 degrees C or less is preferable and 60 degrees C or less is especially preferable. Within the above range, the amount of nickel or nickel alloy deposited in the vicinity of the minute gap becomes sufficient, and the joining strength is likely to be improved.
- the current density when producing an electronic component assembly is preferably 0.1 A / dm 2 or more, and particularly preferably 1 A / dm 2 or more. Moreover, 10 A / dm 2 or less is preferable and 5 A / dm 2 or less is particularly preferable. Within the above range, the amount of nickel or nickel alloy deposited in the vicinity of the minute gap becomes sufficient, and the joining strength is likely to be improved.
- the current density may or may not always be constant during plating filling (for example, the initial current density is lowered and the current density is gradually increased; the pulse current is used; etc.) ). It is preferable from the viewpoint of bonding strength that the current density is always constant during plating filling (or constant for most of the time during plating filling).
- the plating time is preferably 5 minutes or longer, particularly preferably 10 minutes or longer. Moreover, 360 minutes or less are preferable and 60 minutes or less are especially preferable. Within the above range, the bonding strength is excellent and the cost is advantageous.
- the present invention relates to an electron with a small number of voids (holes) embedded in a base material having micropores or microrecesses in a direction substantially perpendicular (60 ° to 90 ° direction) with respect to the base material surface of the base material 11. It also relates to parts joining terminals.
- the electronic component joining terminal 40 of the present invention is made of nickel or a nickel alloy. By using the electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution of the present invention described above, the electronic component joining terminal of the present invention can be easily formed.
- the electronic component joining terminal 40 of the present invention is embedded in the substrate 11 having a thickness of 1 mm or less.
- the electronic component joining terminal 40 may be a single-sided electronic component joining terminal (not penetrating the base material 11) as shown in FIG. 17 or FIG. 19, or a double-sided one as shown in FIG. 18 or FIG. It may be an electronic component joining terminal (through the substrate 11).
- FIG. 17 shows a plug part 41 embedded so as not to penetrate the base material 11 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the base material surface of the base material 11 and a cap part 42 in contact with the plug part 41.
- This is a single-sided electronic component joining terminal 40 provided.
- the cap part 42 has a shape protruding from the base material surface of the base material 11, and the outer diameter thereof is larger than the outer diameter of the plug part 41 and is 200 ⁇ m or less.
- outer diameter means the outer diameter of a circle of equal area (hereinafter referred to as “the outer diameter”). The same applies to the electronic component joining terminal 40 shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 18 shows a plug part 41 embedded so as to penetrate the base material 11 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the base material surface of the base material 11, and two plugs 41 in contact with both ends of the plug part 41.
- This is a double-sided electronic component joining terminal 40 having a cap portion 42.
- Each of the two cap portions 42 has a shape protruding from each base material surface of the base material 11.
- the outer diameters of the two cap parts 42 are both larger than the outer diameter of the plug part 41 and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 19 shows a single-side electronic component joining terminal 40 including a plug portion 41 embedded so as not to penetrate the base material 11 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the base material surface of the base material 11.
- the outer diameter of the plug part 41 is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the end of the plug part 41 may protrude from the base material surface of the base material 11 as shown in FIG. 19A, or the same as the base material surface of the base material 11 as shown in FIG. 19B. It may be higher, or may be buried more than the base material surface of the base material 11 as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 20 shows a double-sided electronic component joining terminal 40 comprising a plug portion 41 embedded so as to penetrate the base material 11 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the base material surface of the base material 11.
- the outer diameter of the plug part 41 is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the end of the plug part 41 may protrude from the base material surface of the base material 11 as shown in FIG. 20A, or the same as the base material surface of the base material 11 as shown in FIG. It may be higher or may be buried more than the base material surface of the base material 11 as shown in FIG.
- the electronic component bonding terminal is also applied to a thinner substrate of 0.8 mm or less or a thinner substrate of 0.5 mm or less. Easy to embed. Also, an electronic component joining terminal having a plug portion with a smaller outer diameter of 70 ⁇ m or less and a smaller outer diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less, or an electronic device having a cap portion with a smaller outer diameter of 150 ⁇ m or less and a smaller outer diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less. Easy to manufacture parts joining terminals.
- Preferred conditions (plating temperature, current density, etc.) for manufacturing the above-mentioned electronic component joining terminal by performing plating using the electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution of the present invention are as described above ⁇ Nickel (alloy) filling
- the conditions are substantially the same as those described in the section “Method for Manufacturing Electronic Component and Method for Manufacturing Micro Three-Dimensional Structure>.
- Examples 1-6, Comparative Examples 1-3 A 12 mm square printed circuit board for evaluation (manufactured by Nippon Circuit Co., Ltd.) having a laser via with an aspect ratio of 0.88 ( ⁇ 45 ⁇ m ⁇ 40 ⁇ mD) was used as a model of the minute recess.
- FIG. 10 A cross-sectional view around the portion to be plated 10 is shown in FIG.
- a prepreg type buildup resin 12 having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m is laminated
- a blind via hole (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “via hole” or “via”) 14 having a diameter of 45 ⁇ m and a depth of 40 ⁇ m is created by a laser, and the substrate outer surface (the surface of the buildup resin 12) and the inside of the via 14 About 1 ⁇ m of seed layer 15 was formed on the wall surface by electroless copper plating.
- the evaluation printed circuit board 1 is formed by forming the wiring pattern shown in FIG. 2 with a dry film resist (DFR) 16 having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m and opening a pad (opening) 17 ( ⁇ 190 ⁇ m) having a via 14. It was.
- DFR dry film resist
- the white part is the copper plating part and the black part is the dry film resist part.
- the largest circular portion to which the wiring is connected corresponds to the circular pad 17 ( ⁇ 190 ⁇ m) in FIG.
- a via hole 14 that is a minute recess shown in FIG. 1 is formed in all of the circular pads 17.
- An electrolytic nickel plating solution was prepared by dissolving in deionized water so that nickel sulfamate was 600 g / L, nickel chloride was 10 g / L, and boric acid was 30 g / L.
- the additives shown in Table 1 were added to the electrolytic nickel plating solution so as to have the addition amount shown in Table 1 and dissolved.
- an appropriate amount of 100 g / L sulfamic acid aqueous solution was added to adjust the pH to 3.6 to prepare the electrolytic nickel plating solution of the present invention.
- Electrolytic nickel plating was performed on the evaluation printed circuit board 1 in the steps shown in Table 2.
- the electroless nickel plating step was made to be a current density of 1.0A / dm 2 using an external power source.
- the plating area was calculated as the surface area including the side surface of the via 14.
- ⁇ Plating fillability evaluation test> The substrate after plating was buried and fixed in a polishing resin, and the cross-section was polished. The via filling state was observed with a metal microscope.
- filling properties “ ⁇ ” indicates that no voids (holes) or seams (grooves) are observed inside the via hole when the amount of precipitation inside the via hole is greater than the amount deposited outside the via hole, and “ ⁇ ” otherwise. It was. In addition, the occurrence of cracks (cracks) outside the via hole was observed. The case where the filling property was “ ⁇ ” and no crack was generated was evaluated as “good”, and the other cases were evaluated as “bad”.
- the amount of precipitated nickel 18 was greater in the inside of the via hole, which is a minute recess than in the outside of the via hole, and was well filled without voids or seams. Further, no cracks were observed outside the via hole.
- Comparative Example 1 was conformal plating (follow-up plating) in which the amount of deposited nickel 18 was the same inside and outside the via hole, and the filling property was poor.
- Comparative Example 2 there was a void V having a maximum width of 14 ⁇ m inside the via, and the filling property was poor.
- Comparative Example 3 there was no void inside the via and the filling property was good, but the deposited part was very brittle and cracks occurred, and after the polishing, the deposited nickel 18 was remarkably peeled at the upper part of the via. . Therefore, it was a poor micro three-dimensional structure.
- Examples 7-8, Comparative Example 4 As a model of the electronic component to be joined, a copper wire ( ⁇ 0.9 mm) and a copper plate (20 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 0.3 mmt) with the back surface masked were used.
- An electrolytic nickel plating solution was prepared by dissolving in deionized water so that nickel sulfamate was 600 g / L, nickel chloride was 10 g / L, and boric acid was 30 g / L.
- Additives shown in Table 4 were added to the electrolytic nickel plating solution so as to have the addition amounts shown in Table 4 and dissolved.
- an appropriate amount of 100 g / L sulfamic acid aqueous solution was added to adjust the pH to 3.6 to prepare the electrolytic nickel plating solution of the present invention.
- FIGS. 13 to 15 show micrographs of cross sections of the electronic component sample (joined body) after plating filling. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.
- the electrolytic nickel (alloy) plating solution containing the specific N-substituted pyridinium compound of the present invention can reliably fill micropores or microrecesses in electronic circuit components, and firmly bonds electronic components to each other. Therefore, since it can respond to further miniaturization of wiring, it can be widely applied to three-dimensional wiring formation, three-dimensional MEMS parts, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は、かかる電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液を使用した微小孔や微小凹部のめっき充填方法や、微小三次元構造体の製造方法、電子部品接合体やその製造方法等に関する。
例えば、非特許文献1には、添加剤であるポリエチレングリコール(PEG)が銅皮膜中に一部取り込まれ、銅皮膜中にnmオーダーのマイクロボイドが生じ、銅の再結晶過程において、室温放置により、直径70nmに達する大きなボイドを形成することが記載されている。
非特許文献2では、電解ニッケルめっき液に、様々な添加剤を加えた場合のトレンチ内の充填性を検討し、チオ尿素を添加することで微小凹部(トレンチ)が充填されるとしている。
しかしながら、本発明者らの追試(後述の実施例)によると、非特許文献2に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液での充填性は未だ不十分でありボイドの発生を抑制できず、また、析出物にクラックが入り、構造体として不良であることが判明した。
また、本発明の課題は、2個以上の電子部品同士を重ねた際に生じる微小間隙部を充填することができ、電子部品同士を強固に接合することのできる電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液や、それを使用した電子部品接合体の製造方法を提供することにある。
本発明の電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液(以下、単に「本発明のめっき液」と略記する場合がある。)は、ニッケル塩と、pH緩衝剤と、下記一般式(A)又は下記一般式(B)で表されるN置換ピリジニウム化合物を含有する。
これらは、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上記範囲内であると、ニッケルの析出速度を十分にすることができ、また、ボイドを発生することなく微小孔や微小凹部を充填することができる。
これらは、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上記範囲内であると、上記一般式(A)又は一般式(B)で表されるN置換ピリジニウム化合物(以下、「特定N置換ピリジニウム化合物」という場合がある。)の作用を阻害しにくく、本発明の効果が保たれる。
特定N置換ピリジニウム化合物の作用により、本発明のめっき液は、微小孔や微小凹部をボイドの発生なく充填することができる。
-R2の具体例としては、-H、-CH3、-C2H5、-CH2OH、-CH=CH2、-CONH2、-CH=NOH等が挙げられる。
X-の具体例としては、ハロゲン化物イオン(塩化物イオン、臭化物イオン、ヨウ化物イオン)等が挙げられる。
「2-ビニル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム」は、一般式(B)において、-R3が水素原子、-R4がオルト位に結合したビニル基、mが1の化合物であり、「1-(3-スルホプロピル)-2-ビニルピリジニウムヒドロキシド分子内塩」、「1-(3-スルホプロピル)-2-ビニルピリジニウムベタイン」、「PPV」等の別名がある。
「1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム」は、一般式(B)において、-R3がヒドロキシル基、-R4が水素原子、mが1の化合物であり、「1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウムヒドロキシド分子内塩」、「1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホプロピル)ピリジニウムベタイン」、「PPSOH」等の別名がある。
また、本発明のめっき液における特定N置換ピリジニウム化合物の合計含有量は、0.01g/L以上100g/L以下が好ましく、0.1g/L以上10g/L以下が特に好ましい。
上記範囲内であると、微小孔や微小凹部の外部のニッケル析出量を多くすることができ、微小孔や微小凹部にボイドを発生させることなく充填することができる。
また、金属ではないものの、ニッケル又はニッケル合金皮膜に、炭素、硫黄、窒素、リン、ホウ素、塩素、臭素等を含有してもよい。
すなわち、本発明は、上記の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液を使用して電解めっきを行うことを特徴とするニッケル析出物又はニッケル合金析出物の製造方法にも関する。
このため、ニッケルの融点の高さも相俟って、本発明のめっき液により微小孔や微小凹部を充填した電子回路部品は、高い信頼性を持つことが期待される。
本発明は、前記の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液を使用して電解めっきを行うことを特徴とする、微小孔又は微小凹部にニッケル析出物又はニッケル合金析出物が充填されている電子部品の製造方法(すなわち、ニッケル析出物又はニッケル合金析出物の充填方法)にも関する。
また、本発明は、電子部品内に形成された微小孔又は微小凹部の表面に予め電解めっき用シード層を施した後、該電子部品を前記の電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液に浸漬し、外部電源を使用して電解めっきをすることを特徴とする、微小孔又は微小凹部にニッケル析出物又はニッケル合金析出物が充填されている電子部品の製造方法でもある。
更に、本発明は、上記製造方法により微小孔又は微小凹部にめっき充填する工程を含むことを特徴とする微小三次元構造体の製造方法でもある。
その後必要に応じてフォトレジスト等で被めっき基材表面にパターンを形成させる。
シード層を構成する金属としては特に制限はなく、銅、ニッケル、パラジウム等が例示できる。
なお、シード層形成後に一度乾燥した被めっき基材にめっきする場合は、常法に従って脱脂、酸洗浄を行った後に、本発明のめっき液を用いて電解めっきすればよい。
すなわち、本発明の充填方法では、微小孔又は微小凹部30内部において、ニッケル(合金)の析出量を多くすることが可能である。
上記範囲内であると、微小孔や微小凹部の充填性に優れ、コスト的にも有利である。
上記範囲内であると、微小孔や微小凹部の充填性に優れ、コスト的にも有利である。
電流密度は、めっき充填中に常に一定(又は、めっき充填中の大半の時間において一定)とした方が、ボイドを生ずることなく充填しやすく、好ましい。
上記範囲内であると、微小孔や微小凹部の充填性に優れ、コスト的にも有利である。
本発明は、2個以上の電子部品を重ねて、電子部品同士の間に微小間隙部が形成された状態で、該2個以上の電子部品を前記の電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液に浸漬し、外部電源を使用して電解めっきすることで該微小間隙部を充填することを特徴とする電子部品接合体の製造方法でもある。
すなわち、本発明によれば、2個以上の電子部品がニッケル又はニッケル合金により接合されている電子部品接合体であって、電子部品同士の間に形成された微小間隙部付近には、他の部位よりも多くのニッケル又はニッケル合金が析出していることを特徴とする電子部品接合体を得ることができる。
上記範囲内であると、微小間隙部付近のニッケル又はニッケル合金の析出量が十分になり、接合強度が向上しやすい。
上記範囲内であると、微小間隙部付近のニッケル又はニッケル合金の析出量が十分になり、接合強度が向上しやすい。
電流密度は、めっき充填中に常に一定(又は、めっき充填中の大半の時間において一定)とした方が、接合強度の点から好ましい。
上記範囲内であると、接合強度に優れ、コスト的にも有利である。
本発明は、微小孔や微小凹部を有する基材の中に、基材11の基材面に対して略垂直方向(60°~90°方向)に埋め込まれた、ボイド(穴)の少ない電子部品接合用端子にも関する。
電子部品接合用端子40は、図17や図19に示すような片面の(基材11を貫通しない)電子部品接合用端子であってもよいし、図18や図20に示すような両面の(基材11を貫通する)電子部品接合用端子であってもよい。
キャップ部42は、基材11の基材面より突出した形状となっており、その外径はプラグ部41の外径よりも大きく、かつ、200μm以下である。
なお、プラグ部41やキャップ部42の基材面に平行な断面は、通常は円形状であるが、円形状でない場合、「外径」とは等面積の円の外径を意味する(以下、図18~20に示す電子部品接合用端子40においても同様)。
2つのキャップ部42はそれぞれ、基材11のそれぞれの基材面より突出した形状となっている。2つのキャップ部42の外径は何れも、プラグ部41の外径よりも大きく、かつ、200μm以下である。
プラグ部41の端部は、図19(a)に示すように基材11の基材面から突き出ていてもよいし、図19(b)に示すように基材11の基材面と同じ高さになっていてもよいし、図19(c)に示すように基材11の基材面よりも埋まっていてもよい。
プラグ部41の端部は、図20(a)に示すように基材11の基材面から突き出ていてもよいし、図20(b)に示すように基材11の基材面と同じ高さになっていてもよいし、図20(c)に示すように基材11の基材面よりも埋まっていてもよい。
また、より外径の小さい70μm以下、更に外径の小さい50μm以下というプラグ部を有する電子部品接合用端子や、より外径の小さい150μm以下、更に外径の小さい100μm以下というキャップ部を有する電子部品接合用端子を製造しやすい。
前記した本発明の電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液を用いることにより、このような大きいボイドの無いプラグ部を形成しやすい。
実施例1~6、比較例1~3
微小凹部のモデルとして、アスペクト比0.88(φ45μm×40μmD)のレーザービアを有した12mm角の評価用プリント基板(日本サーキット株式会社製)を使用した。
更に、厚さ25μmのドライフィルムレジスト(DFR)16にて、図2に示す配線パターンを形成し、ビア14を有するパッド(開口部)17(φ190μm)を開口させたものを評価用プリント基板1とした。
スルファミン酸ニッケルを600g/L、塩化ニッケルを10g/L、ホウ酸を30g/Lとなるように脱イオン水に溶解し、電解ニッケルめっき液を調製した。
上記電解ニッケルめっき液に対し、表1に示す添加剤を、表1に示す添加量となるように添加し、溶解した。
次いで100g/Lのスルファミン酸水溶液を適量加えてpHを3.6に調整し、本発明の電解ニッケルめっき液を調製した。
上記評価用プリント基板1に対して、表2に示す工程で、電解ニッケルめっきを行なった。電解ニッケルめっき工程では、外部電源を使用して電流密度1.0A/dm2となるようにした。
なお、めっき面積は、ビア14の側面を含んだ表面積として計算した。
めっき後の基板を研磨用の樹脂に埋没固定後に断面研磨し、金属顕微鏡にてビアの充填具合を観察した。
充填性について、ビアホール内部の析出量がビアホール外部の析出量よりも多い状態で、ビアホール内部にボイド(穴)やシーム(溝)が観測されない場合を「○」、それ以外の場合を「×」とした。
また、ビアホール外部におけるクラック(亀裂)の発生の有無を観測した。
充填性が「○」で、クラックの発生が無い場合を「良好」、それ以外の場合を「不良」と評価した。
実施例7~8、比較例4
接合される電子部品のモデルとして、銅線(φ0.9mm)と裏面をマスキングした銅板(20mm×20mm×0.3mmt)を使用した。
スルファミン酸ニッケルを600g/L、塩化ニッケルを10g/L、ホウ酸を30g/Lとなるように脱イオン水に溶解し、電解ニッケルめっき液を調製した。
上記電解ニッケルめっき液に対し、表4に示す添加剤を、表4に示す添加量となるように添加し、溶解した。
次いで100g/Lのスルファミン酸水溶液を適量加えてpHを3.6に調整し、本発明の電解ニッケルめっき液を調製した。
上記電子部品サンプルを銅線21の線方向とめっき液面が垂直になるよう上記電解ニッケルめっき液に浸漬し、表5に示す工程で、電解ニッケルめっきを行なった。ニッケル陽極は、マスキング材22aの外側に各1枚ずつ対向させた。電解ニッケルめっき工程では、外部電源を使用して電流密度1.0A/dm2となるようにした。
なお、めっき面積は、銅板22の表面積のみとした。
めっき後の電子部品サンプル(接合体)を研磨用の樹脂に埋没固定後に断面研磨し、金属顕微鏡にて銅線21と銅板22の接合状態を観察した。
接合性について、銅線21と銅板22が接する微小間隙部24のニッケルめっき厚が他の部分より厚い場合を「○」、それ以外の場合を「×」とした。
10 被めっき部周辺
11 基材
12 ビルドアップ樹脂
13 銅箔
14 ブラインドビアホール
15 シード層
16 ドライフィルムレジスト
17 パッド
18 析出ニッケル(合金)
V ボイド
20 電子部品サンプル
21 銅線
22 銅板
22a マスキング材
23 治具
24 微小間隙部
30 微小孔・微小凹部
31 周縁部
40 電子部品接合用端子
41 プラグ部
42 キャップ部
Claims (21)
- X-がハロゲン化物イオンである請求項1に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液。
- 上記ニッケル塩が、硫酸ニッケル、スルファミン酸ニッケル、塩化ニッケル、臭化ニッケル、炭酸ニッケル、硝酸ニッケル、ギ酸ニッケル、酢酸ニッケル、クエン酸ニッケル及びホウフッ化ニッケルからなる群より選ばれた1種以上である請求項1ないし請求項3の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液。
- 上記pH緩衝剤が、ホウ酸、メタホウ酸、酢酸、酒石酸及びクエン酸、並びにそれらの塩からなる群より選ばれた1種以上である請求項1ないし請求項4の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液。
- 一般式(A)で表されるN置換ピリジニウム化合物が、1-メチルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-エチルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-プロピルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-ブチルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-ペンチルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-ヘキシルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-エチル-3-(ヒドロキシメチル)ピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-エチル-4-(メトキシカルボニル)ピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-ブチル-4-メチルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-ブチル-3-メチルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、1-メチルピリジニウム-2-アルドキシムのハロゲン化物、3-カルバモイル-1-メチルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物、3-(ジメチルカルバモイルオキシ)-1-メチルピリジニウムのハロゲン化物及び1-(シアノメチル)ピリジニウムのハロゲン化物からなる群より選ばれた1種以上の化合物である請求項2、請求項4又は請求項5に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液。
- 一般式(B)で表されるN置換ピリジニウム化合物が、1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、1-(2-スルホナトエチル)ピリジニウム、1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、2-ビニル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、3-ビニル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、4-ビニル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、2-メチル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、3-メチル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、4-メチル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、2-エチル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、3-エチル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、4-エチル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、2-ビニル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、3-ビニル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、4-ビニル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、2-メチル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、3-メチル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、4-メチル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、2-エチル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、3-エチル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、4-エチル-1-(4-スルホナトブチル)ピリジニウム、4-tert-ブチル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、2,6-ジメチル-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、3-(アミノカルボニル)-1-(3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、2-ビニル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、3-ビニル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、4-ビニル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、2-メチル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、3-メチル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、4-メチル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、2-エチル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム、3-エチル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウム及び4-エチル-1-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホナトプロピル)ピリジニウムからなる群より選ばれた1種以上の化合物である請求項3ないし請求項5の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液。
- 電子部品内に形成された微小孔若しくは微小凹部、又は電子部品同士を重ねた際に生じる微小間隙部の充填用である請求項1ないし請求項7の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液。
- 請求項1ないし請求項8の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液を使用して電解めっきを行うことを特徴とするニッケル析出物又はニッケル合金析出物の製造方法。
- 請求項1ないし請求項8の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液を使用して電解めっきを行うことを特徴とする、微小孔又は微小凹部にニッケル析出物又はニッケル合金析出物が充填されている電子部品の製造方法。
- 電子部品内に形成された微小孔又は微小凹部の表面に予め電解めっき用シード層を施した後、該電子部品を請求項1ないし請求項8の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液に浸漬し、外部電源を使用して電解めっきをすることを特徴とする、微小孔又は微小凹部にニッケル析出物又はニッケル合金析出物が充填されている電子部品の製造方法。
- 外部電源を使用して電解めっきする際に、微小孔又は微小凹部内部の最小めっき断面膜厚X2が、微小孔又は微小凹部の外側の周縁部のめっき最大断面膜厚X1よりも大きくなるようにする請求項11に記載の微小孔又は微小凹部にニッケル析出物又はニッケル合金析出物が充填されている電子部品の製造方法。
- 請求項10ないし請求項12の何れかの請求項に記載の製造方法により、微小孔又は微小凹部にめっき充填する工程を含むことを特徴とする微小三次元構造体の製造方法。
- 2個以上の電子部品を重ねて、電子部品同士の間に微小間隙部が形成された状態で、該2個以上の電子部品を請求項1ないし請求項8の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液に浸漬し、外部電源を使用して電解めっきすることで該微小間隙部を充填することを特徴とする電子部品接合体の製造方法。
- 2個以上の電子部品がニッケル又はニッケル合金により接合されている電子部品接合体であって、電子部品同士の間に形成された微小間隙部付近には、他の部位よりも多くのニッケル又はニッケル合金が析出していることを特徴とする電子部品接合体。
- ニッケル又はニッケル合金で構成されている電子部品接合用端子であって、厚さ1mm以下の基材の中に、該基材の基材面に対して略垂直方向に該基材を貫通しないように埋め込まれたプラグ部と、該プラグ部の外径よりも大きい外径を持ち該プラグ部と当接しているキャップ部とを備え、該キャップ部の外径は200μm以下であり、該キャップ部は該基材の基材面より突出した形状となっていることを特徴とする片面の電子部品接合用端子。
- ニッケル又はニッケル合金で構成されている電子部品接合用端子であって、厚さ1mm以下の基材の中に、該基材の基材面に対して略垂直方向に該基材を貫通するように埋め込まれたプラグ部と、該プラグ部の外径よりも大きい外径を持ち該プラグ部の両端とそれぞれ当接している2つのキャップ部とを備え、2つのキャップ部の外径は何れも200μm以下であり、2つのキャップ部は該基材のそれぞれの基材面より突出した形状となっていることを特徴とする両面の電子部品接合用端子。
- ニッケル又はニッケル合金で構成されている電子部品接合用端子であって、厚さ1mm以下の基材の中に、該基材の基材面に対して略垂直方向に該基材を貫通しないように埋め込まれたプラグ部からなり、該プラグ部の外径は100μm以下であることを特徴とする片面の電子部品接合用端子。
- ニッケル又はニッケル合金で構成されている電子部品接合用端子であって、厚さ1mm以下の基材の中に、該基材の基材面に対して略垂直方向に該基材を貫通するように埋め込まれたプラグ部からなり、該プラグ部の外径は100μm以下であることを特徴とする両面の電子部品接合用端子。
- 上記プラグ部の中に最大幅が10μmよりも大きいボイドが存在しない請求項16ないし請求項19の何れかの請求項に記載の電子部品接合用端子。
- 請求項1ないし請求項8の何れかの請求項に記載の電解ニッケルめっき液又は電解ニッケル合金めっき液を用いて形成したものである請求項16ないし請求項20の何れかの請求項に記載の電子部品接合用端子。
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CN202111570321.1A CN114262917A (zh) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-22 | 电解镍(合金)镀覆液 |
JP2018552620A JP7021781B2 (ja) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-22 | 電解ニッケル(合金)めっき液 |
US16/349,740 US20190330753A1 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-22 | Nickel (alloy) electroplating solution |
KR1020197014321A KR102442997B1 (ko) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-22 | 전해 니켈 (합금) 도금액 |
CN201780070617.2A CN109996907B (zh) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-22 | 电解镍(合金)镀覆液 |
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JPS61221394A (ja) * | 1985-03-27 | 1986-10-01 | C Uyemura & Co Ltd | 電気めつき方法 |
JPH10245693A (ja) * | 1997-03-03 | 1998-09-14 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | ニッケル又はニッケル合金電気メッキ浴、および電気メッキ方法 |
JP2005187887A (ja) * | 2003-12-25 | 2005-07-14 | Ebara Corp | めっき方法及びめっき装置 |
US20050173254A1 (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2005-08-11 | George Bokisa | Nickel cobalt boron ternary alloys |
JP2008308708A (ja) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-25 | Fujikura Ltd | めっき形成方法およびめっき処理装置 |
JP2012195465A (ja) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-10-11 | Canon Inc | 貫通電極基板及びその製造方法 |
JP2013039616A (ja) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-28 | Kazumasa Onishi | 管の接合方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-11-22 KR KR1020197014321A patent/KR102442997B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-11-22 US US16/349,740 patent/US20190330753A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-11-22 CN CN201780070617.2A patent/CN109996907B/zh active Active
- 2017-11-22 WO PCT/JP2017/042024 patent/WO2018097184A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2017-11-22 CN CN202111570321.1A patent/CN114262917A/zh active Pending
- 2017-11-22 JP JP2018552620A patent/JP7021781B2/ja active Active
- 2017-11-23 KR KR1020170157274A patent/KR20180059365A/ko unknown
- 2017-11-24 TW TW106140987A patent/TWI753971B/zh active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS61221394A (ja) * | 1985-03-27 | 1986-10-01 | C Uyemura & Co Ltd | 電気めつき方法 |
JPH10245693A (ja) * | 1997-03-03 | 1998-09-14 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | ニッケル又はニッケル合金電気メッキ浴、および電気メッキ方法 |
JP2005187887A (ja) * | 2003-12-25 | 2005-07-14 | Ebara Corp | めっき方法及びめっき装置 |
US20050173254A1 (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2005-08-11 | George Bokisa | Nickel cobalt boron ternary alloys |
JP2008308708A (ja) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-25 | Fujikura Ltd | めっき形成方法およびめっき処理装置 |
JP2012195465A (ja) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-10-11 | Canon Inc | 貫通電極基板及びその製造方法 |
JP2013039616A (ja) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-28 | Kazumasa Onishi | 管の接合方法 |
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TWI753971B (zh) | 2022-02-01 |
JP7021781B2 (ja) | 2022-02-17 |
CN109996907B (zh) | 2022-01-11 |
KR20180059365A (ko) | 2018-06-04 |
TW201825461A (zh) | 2018-07-16 |
US20190330753A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
KR102442997B1 (ko) | 2022-09-13 |
CN109996907A (zh) | 2019-07-09 |
JPWO2018097184A1 (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
CN114262917A (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
KR20190082232A (ko) | 2019-07-09 |
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