WO2018090178A1 - 二次电池 - Google Patents

二次电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018090178A1
WO2018090178A1 PCT/CN2016/105864 CN2016105864W WO2018090178A1 WO 2018090178 A1 WO2018090178 A1 WO 2018090178A1 CN 2016105864 W CN2016105864 W CN 2016105864W WO 2018090178 A1 WO2018090178 A1 WO 2018090178A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
contact
secondary battery
piece
top cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/105864
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蔡如来
杨伟
王鹏
李想
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN201680088937.6A priority Critical patent/CN109792009B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/105864 priority patent/WO2018090178A1/zh
Publication of WO2018090178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018090178A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage devices, and in particular, to a secondary battery.
  • the secondary battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and is widely used in small portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebooks, and in vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles.
  • the inside may excessively generate heat, and the electrolyte may be decomposed, and the generation of such heat and the decomposition of the electrolyte cause the pressure inside the secondary battery to increase, thereby possibly causing The secondary battery catches fire and explodes, reducing the safety of the secondary battery.
  • a contact piece is usually provided in a secondary battery, and the contact piece is attached to the top cover piece.
  • the contact piece acts under the action of air pressure and is electrically contacted with the conductive piece, so that The positive and negative electrodes in the cell are externally short-circuited.
  • the contact piece is directly disposed on the top cover piece, because the cover piece is affected by external factors, for example, the expansion of the battery core inevitably occurs during use, and the cover piece is covered by welding.
  • the housing expands outwardly to cause tensile stress on the top cover sheet, or the top cover sheet is welded to the top cover sheet to cause welding tensile stress, etc., since the contact piece is directly disposed on the top cover sheet, Therefore, the contact piece also generates tensile stress.
  • the contact piece is in a state of tensile stress for a long time, which causes stress fatigue on the contact piece and shortens the service life of the contact piece.
  • the sensitivity of the contact piece is lowered due to the presence of tensile stress, and the contact piece cannot be operated under the rated pressure, thereby making the contact The safety performance of the battery is reduced.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a secondary battery, which can improve the above defects.
  • the present application provides a secondary battery including: an electrode assembly, a first terminal, a second terminal, and a top cover sheet,
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a partition disposed between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, the first terminal being electrically connected to the first pole piece , The second terminal is electrically connected to the second pole piece,
  • At least one of the first terminal and the second terminal is insulated from the top cover sheet
  • the secondary battery further includes: a contact piece attached to the first terminal, and
  • the contact piece acts under the internal pressure and contacts the conductive sheet to form through the first pole piece, the first terminal And an electrical connection path of the contact piece, the conductive piece, the second terminal, and the second pole piece.
  • the first terminal is electrically connected to the top cover sheet, and the second terminal is insulated from the top cover sheet.
  • the cover sheet covering the housing to form a first chamber for encapsulating the electrode assembly and a second chamber for providing a turning space for the contact piece,
  • the first chamber and the second chamber are separated by the contact piece
  • the conductive sheet is located on a side of the top cover sheet away from the electrode assembly, and is insulated from the top cover sheet.
  • the top cover sheet is provided with a through hole, and the conductive sheet has a contact portion capable of contacting the inverted contact piece, and the contact portion is located in the second chamber.
  • the cover sheet includes a body portion and a raised portion, the raised portion protruding toward a side away from the housing, the second chamber being surrounded by the contact piece and the raised portion, and The through hole is disposed on the raised portion.
  • the first terminal comprises a connected terminal body and an extension
  • An opening is formed in the extension, the opening is opposite to the through hole, and the contact piece seals the opening to separate the first chamber from the second chamber.
  • the terminal body and the extension are a unitary structure or a split structure.
  • sealing member sealed between the first chamber and the second chamber, the sealing member being sealingly coupled between the extension and the cover sheet, and having The first sealing surface of the top cover sheet sealing contact and the second sealing surface in sealing contact with the extension portion.
  • sealing member sealed between the first chamber and the second chamber, the sealing member being sealed between the contact piece and the top cover sheet, and having a first sealing surface in sealing contact with the cap piece and a second sealing surface in sealing contact with the contact piece.
  • the contact piece comprises a turning portion and a protruding head
  • the turning portion is a sheet-shaped torus structure
  • the protrusion is coupled to the inversion portion and protrudes toward a side of the top cover sheet
  • the outer edge of the inverting portion is sealingly connected to the extending portion, and the contact piece can be in contact with the contact portion through the protruding head when the contact piece is actuated.
  • first sealing surface and the second sealing surface are oppositely disposed along an extending direction of the top cover sheet, and/or
  • the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface are disposed opposite to each other in a height direction of the secondary battery.
  • a resistance member serially connected through the first pole piece, the first terminal, the contact piece, the conductive piece, the second terminal, and the second pole piece In the electrical connection path.
  • a second terminal plate is further included, the second terminal plate is electrically connected to the second terminal, and the resistance member is connected in series between the second terminal plate and the conductive sheet.
  • the resistance value of the resistance member ranges from 0.1 milliohm to 10 milliohms.
  • the overcurrent area at the fuse member is smaller than the overcurrent area at the rest of the electrical connection path;
  • the fuse member is connected in series between the first pole piece and the first terminal, and/or
  • the fuse member is connected in series between the second pole piece and the second terminal.
  • the method further includes a first connecting member and a second connecting member,
  • the first pole piece is electrically connected to the first terminal through the first connecting member
  • the second pole piece is electrically connected to the second terminal through the second connecting piece
  • the fuse member is formed on the first connecting member and/or the second connecting member.
  • the fusible member is formed by opening a notch and/or a hole in the first connector and/or the second connector.
  • the present application provides a secondary battery including a first terminal, a second terminal, a contact piece, and a conductive piece, the contact piece is attached to the first terminal, and the conductive piece is electrically connected to the second terminal.
  • the contact piece acts and contacts the conductive sheet, so that the first pole piece and the second piece form a first pole piece, the first terminal, the contact piece,
  • the electrical connection paths of the conductive sheet, the second terminal, and the second pole piece are short-circuited, thereby improving the safety of the secondary battery.
  • the cover sheet is deformed.
  • the contact piece is deformed, and the deformation causes stress to be generated inside the contact piece, which may cause the sensitivity of the contact piece to decrease.
  • the contact piece is attached to the first terminal, which reduces contact when the cover piece is deformed. The influence of the sheet, so that the sensitivity of the contact sheet is not easily reduced, is advantageous for improving the safety of the secondary battery.
  • the present application also avoids opening an opening for mounting the contact piece on the top cover sheet, which is advantageous for the thin cover structure of the cover sheet.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective exploded view of a portion of a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a structure of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an exploded view of a first terminal and a contact piece according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a first terminal and a contact piece are connected according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a first embodiment of a sealing structure sealed between a first chamber and a second chamber according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of a sealing structure sealed between a first chamber and a second chamber according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a third embodiment of a sealing structure sealed between a first chamber and a second chamber according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of the portion A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged view of a portion B of Figure 2.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a secondary battery including a first terminal 11 and a second terminal 21, and the first terminal 11 and the second terminal 21 may be connected to an external circuit.
  • the current loop, the secondary battery acts as a power source in the external circuit, and outputs electric energy to the outside.
  • the first terminal 11 can be used as a positive terminal, and accordingly, the second terminal 21 is used as a negative terminal, and vice versa.
  • the present application provides a detailed description of the secondary battery provided by the present application by taking the first terminal 11 as a positive terminal (the first pole piece as a positive electrode piece) and the second terminal 21 as a negative electrode terminal (the second pole piece as a negative electrode piece) as an example. .
  • the secondary battery generally includes an electrode assembly 31, a housing (not shown), and a top cover sheet 41.
  • the housing and the top cover sheet 41 may be covered by welding or the like to form a receiving cavity, and the electrode assembly 31 is housed in the accommodating chamber.
  • the electrode assembly 31 generally includes a first pole piece having a first pole 311 and a second pole piece having a second pole 312, the first pole piece being first and second via the first tab 311
  • the terminal 11 is electrically connected
  • the second pole piece is electrically connected to the second terminal 21 via the second tab 312
  • the connection is such that the electrical energy is finally output to the outside by the electrode assembly 31.
  • the secondary battery provided by the present application further includes a conductive sheet 22 and a contact piece 12, wherein the contact piece 12 is attached to the first terminal 11, and the conductive piece 22 is electrically connected to the second terminal 21.
  • the contact piece 12 and the first terminal 11 may be of a unitary structure or a split structure.
  • the electrical connection between the conductive strips 22 and the second terminals 21 may be directly contacted and connected to each other.
  • the conductive strips 22 may be connected to the second terminals 21 through other conductive bodies, which is not limited in this application, as long as the conductive sheets 22 It is sufficient that the second terminal 21 can achieve conduction of current.
  • the contact piece 12 acts under the action of the internal pressure and contacts the conductive sheet 22 to form through the first pole piece, the first terminal 11, the contact piece 12, the conductive piece 22, The electrical connection path of the second terminal 21 and the second pole piece.
  • the contact piece 12 operates under the action of air pressure and is in contact with the conductive sheet 22, and may be in direct contact therebetween, or another conductive body may be disposed between the contact piece 12 and the conductive piece 22 such that the contact piece 12 and the conductive piece 22 are in indirect contact.
  • the contact piece 12 operates under the action of internal pressure and comes into contact with the conductive sheet 22, so that the secondary battery forms an external short-circuit state, and in addition to the short-circuit state, thereby reducing the risk of explosion and ignition of the secondary battery, and improving the secondary battery Security.
  • the contact piece 12 is attached to the top cover sheet 41, when the secondary battery is expanded or compressed and the casing is welded to the top cover sheet 41, the resultant force is applied to the top cover sheet 41, top
  • the deformation of the cover sheet 41 deforms the contact piece 12, which causes stress to be generated inside the contact piece 12, which stress causes the pressure value when the contact piece 12 is operated to deviate from the preset reference pressure value, resulting in a decrease in the sensitivity of the contact piece 12.
  • the contact piece 12 is disposed on the first terminal 11, and the tensile stress is not generated on the contact piece 12 even if the battery element is expanded, so that the sensitivity of the contact piece 12 caused by the above-mentioned reason is less likely to occur, and the improvement is improved.
  • the safety of the secondary battery is improved.
  • the present application also avoids opening the opening of the contact piece 12 on the top cover sheet 41, which is advantageous for the thin-walled top cover sheet 41.
  • the sheet 41 is attached to the external circuit.
  • at least one of the first terminal 11 and the second terminal 21 may be insulated from the top cover sheet 41.
  • the insulating manner can be implemented, for example, by providing an insulating member between the two terminals and the top cover sheet 41. Referring to FIGS. 6 and 9, the first terminal 11 and the top cover sheet 41 can be insulated by the first insulating spacer 17.
  • the second terminal and the top cover sheet 41 may be insulated by the second insulating spacer 27. Among them, rubber, asbestos, etc. can be used as the insulating material.
  • the top cover sheet 41 can be electrically connected to the first terminal 11, and the top cover sheet 41 is insulated from the second terminal 21, thus disposed.
  • the advantage is that when the top cover sheet 41 is electrically connected to the first terminal 11 serving as the positive electrode, both the casing and the cover sheet 41 are positively charged, thereby reducing corrosion of the casing and the cover sheet 41 by the electrolyte. Extended service life.
  • the top cover sheet 41 may be insulated from the first terminal 11 and the second terminal 21.
  • the first terminal 11 in the embodiment in which the first terminal 11 is used as the positive terminal, and when the top cover 41 is electrically connected to the first terminal 11, at this time, the first terminal 11 does not have to protrude beyond the top cover 41, the first terminal 11 can be electrically connected to the external circuit via the cover sheet 41.
  • the receiving cavity formed by the cover of the cover and the cover sheet 41 includes a first chamber S1 and a second chamber S2.
  • the first chamber S1 is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly 31
  • the second chamber S2 is used to provide an action space for the contact piece 12, and the first chamber S1 and the second chamber S2 are separated by the contact piece 12.
  • the gas pressure acts on the contact piece 12 and pushes it to move.
  • the contact strip 12 after the operation can make electrical contact with the conductive sheet 22, wherein the conductive sheet 22 is located on the side of the top cover sheet 41 away from the electrode assembly, and is insulated from the top cover sheet 41.
  • the conductive sheets 22 may all be located inside the second chamber S2 or may be entirely outside the second chamber S2. When the conductive sheets 22 are all located outside the second chamber S2, the heat generated when the contact sheets 12 are in electrical contact with the conductive sheets 22 can be more conveniently conducted and dispersed.
  • a portion of the conductive sheet 22 is disposed in the second chamber S2, and the remaining portion is located outside the second chamber S2. This solution facilitates heat dissipation and facilitates electrical contact with the contact piece 12. Set in two ways.
  • the contact piece 12 is attached to the first terminal 11, and is electrically conductive.
  • the sheet 22 is disposed above the top cover sheet 41 and connected to the second terminal 21, wherein the conductive sheet 22 is insulated from the top cover sheet 41, and the conductive sheet 22 extends from the second terminal 21 toward a side of the first terminal 11.
  • the top cover piece 41 is provided with a through hole 413.
  • the conductive piece 22 has a convex portion protruding toward the contact piece 12.
  • the protruding portion is a contact portion 221 which is in electrical contact with the contact piece 12 after the action, and the contact portion 221 is extended.
  • the through hole 413 is located in the second chamber S2, and the contact portion 221 is disposed to facilitate the heat dissipation of the conductive sheet 22 and the interval between the conductive sheet 22 and the contact piece 12, such that the contact piece 12 is between the two. They can be in contact with each other during operation and can be insulated from each other before the contact piece 12 is actuated.
  • the contact piece 12 includes a protrusion 121 and a reversing portion 122, wherein the reversing portion 122 is a sheet-like toroidal structure, which facilitates the contact piece 12 to be realized under the action of air pressure.
  • the boss 121 is connected to the inverting portion 122 and protrudes toward one side of the cap piece 41.
  • the contact piece 12 can be in contact with the contact portion 221 through the tab 121.
  • the arrangement of the projections 121 can reduce the inversion stroke of the contact piece 12 on the basis of an appropriate interval from the contact portion 221, thereby improving the safety of the secondary battery.
  • the boss 121 and the inverting portion 122 are of a unitary structure.
  • the contact portion 221 has a first contact plane 221a.
  • the bump 121 has a second contact plane 121a.
  • the first contact plane 221a is in contact with the second contact.
  • the plane 121a is in electrical contact. This solution allows the contact strip 12 to have a large contact area when in contact with the conductive sheet 22 to ensure reliable electrical contact between the two.
  • the conductive sheet 22 is fixed, and the side of the contact portion 221 facing the contact piece 12 serves as the first contact plane 221a.
  • the contact piece 12 is deformed after the action of the contact piece 12. Considering that the amount of deformation at the protrusion 121 is relatively small, the protrusion 121 is substantially in a planar state toward one side surface of the conductive piece 22, and therefore, the protrusion The surface of the head 121 facing the conductive sheet 22 may serve as the second contact plane 121a.
  • one end of the conductive sheet 22 is connected to the second terminal 21, and the other end extends toward one side of the first terminal 11. Therefore, the conductive sheet 22 is fixed at one end and free at the other end.
  • the cantilever structure of the end in the process of contacting with the contact piece 12, causes the conductive piece 22 to be displaced by the contact force, resulting in poor contact between the two.
  • the secondary battery includes an insulating member 23 which is coated on the outside of the conductive sheet 22, and on the other hand, is covered by the insulating member 23 so that the two are embedded in Together, the insulating member 23 extends toward the first terminal 11 and is fixed at the first terminal 11.
  • the cantilever structure of the conductive sheet 22 is relieved by the support of the insulating member 23, and the conductive sheet 22 and the contact piece are lowered. 12 Poor contact.
  • the first terminal 11 includes a terminal body 111 and an extension portion 112.
  • the extension portion 112 extends toward a side of the second terminal 21.
  • the extension portion 112 defines an opening 112a.
  • the outer edge is sealingly attached to the extension 112 such that the contact strip 12 seals the opening 112a to separate the first chamber S1 from the second chamber S2, and the opening 112a is opposite the through hole 413 on the top cover sheet 41
  • the boss 121 is disposed at an intermediate portion of the inverting portion 122 such that when the contact piece 12 operates, the tab 121 contacts the contact portion 221 via the opening 112a and the through hole 413.
  • the portion for making electrical connection with the pole piece and the outer circuit is located on the terminal body 111, and the extending portion 112 is for connecting with the contact piece 12, which facilitates the arrangement of the contact piece 12 on the first terminal 11.
  • the terminal body 111 and the extension portion 112 are of a unitary structure. However, it should be noted that in other embodiments, the terminal body 111 and the extension portion 112 may also adopt a split type. Structure, this application does not limit this.
  • a columnar body 112b extends from a side of the extending portion 112 toward the top cover sheet 41.
  • the columnar body 112b has a cavity extending along the axial direction thereof, and the cavity extends through the extending portion 112. 112a is formed in the cavity.
  • the inner wall of the columnar body 112b is a stepped structure.
  • the stepped structure forms a stepped surface 112c on the inner wall of the columnar body 112b.
  • the stepped surface 112c is in close contact with the surface of the outer edge of the inverting portion 122. The method of welding or bonding is fixed to achieve a sealed connection.
  • the secondary battery further includes a sealing member 13 sealed between the first chamber S1 and the second chamber S2.
  • the sealing member 13 is sealingly coupled between the extension portion 112 and the top cover sheet 41, and the sealing member 13 has a first sealing surface 131 in sealing contact with the top cover sheet 41 and A second sealing surface 132 that is in sealing contact with the extension 112.
  • the sealing member 13 is an annular structure, the sealing member 13 is fitted outside the columnar body 112b, and the columnar body 112b is embedded in the through hole 413 together with the sealing member 13, the sealing member 13 and the inner wall of the through hole 413 and the outer wall of the columnar body 112b.
  • the contact is sealed such that the sealing member 13 forms the first sealing surface 131 and the second sealing surface 132 which are disposed opposite each other in the extending direction of the top cover sheet 41.
  • the sealing member 13 may also be disposed around the through hole 413 and the opening 112a.
  • the opposite direction is set along the height direction of the secondary battery.
  • the sealing member 13 may also be sealingly connected between the contact piece 12 and the top cover sheet 41, and the sealing member 13 has a first sealing surface 131 in sealing contact with the top cover sheet 41 and The second sealing surface 132 is in sealing contact with the contact piece 12, and the first sealing surface 131 and the second sealing surface 132 are disposed opposite to each other in the height direction of the secondary battery.
  • the first sealing surface 131 and the second sealing surface 132 may be along the top cover sheet 41.
  • the extending directions are oppositely arranged, and the principle of the sealing structure is substantially the same as that of the sealing structure shown in FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • a plastic member disposed between the first terminal 11 and the top cover sheet 41 can also be utilized as the sealing member 13, which can reduce the number of components used in the secondary battery and simplify the assembly process. .
  • the top is preferably
  • the cover sheet 41 includes a body portion 411 and a raised portion 412 that protrudes toward a side away from the housing such that the second chamber S2 is covered by the contact piece 12 and the ridge The portion 412 is enclosed and the through hole 413 is disposed on the raised portion 412.
  • the space of the second chamber S2 is expanded, and the meaning of the expansion of the space is that when the contact piece 12 is operated, the air compression ratio in the space is reduced, and the resistance when the contact piece 12 is operated is reduced. It is beneficial to improve the sensitivity of the contact piece 12 when it is operated.
  • the secondary battery further includes a resistance member 24 connected in series to the electrical connection path through the first pole piece, the first terminal 11, the contact piece 12, the conductive piece 22, the second terminal 21, and the second pole piece. in.
  • the resistance member 24 can make the electrical connection path control the peak of the short-circuit current due to the presence of the resistance member 24 at the moment of conduction.
  • the resistance member 24 functions to reduce the peak value of the short-circuit current, in the actual case, there is also a case where the short-circuit current fuses the contact portion of the contact piece 12 and the conductive sheet 22, thereby causing the electrode assembly 31 and the outside. An open circuit is formed between the circuits to avoid the occurrence of dangerous accidents such as fire and explosion of the secondary battery.
  • the resistance value of the resistance member 24 can be selected from the range of 0.1 mohm to 10 mohm.
  • the resistance member 24 can be made of a material such as steel, stainless steel or nickel steel alloy.
  • the position of the resistance member 24 can be selected according to the environment of the actual application, and as shown in FIG. 9, the resistance member 24 can be disposed at the second terminal 21. This approach allows the resistive member 24 to be less susceptible to interference from the heat generated when the contact strip 12 is in contact with the conductive sheet 22.
  • the secondary battery further includes a first terminal plate 15 and a second terminal plate 25, the first terminal plate 15 is locked and connected to the first terminal 11, and the second terminal plate 25 is The first terminal plate 15 and the second terminal plate 25 are disposed to be locked and connected to the second terminal 21, and the connection between the two terminals and the external circuit can be conveniently realized, which is provided for convenient assembly, but is not necessary.
  • the resistance member 24 is connected in series between the second terminal plate 25 and the conductive sheet 22.
  • the contact piece 12 is in electrical contact with the conductive piece 22, the short-circuit current sequentially flows through the conductive piece 22 and the resistance member. 24.
  • the second terminal block 25 the second terminal 21, and the second pole piece.
  • the present application further includes a fuse member 14, as shown in FIG. 1, the fuse member 14 is connected in series through the first pole piece, the first terminal 11, the contact piece 12, the conductive piece 22, the second terminal 21, and the second pole piece. In the electrical connection path, and the overcurrent area of the fuse member 14 is smaller than the overcurrent area in the rest of the electrical connection path.
  • the fuse member 14 may be connected in series between the first pole piece and the first terminal 11, or the fuse member 14 may be connected in series between the second pole piece and the second terminal 21, or the fuse member 14 may be disposed in two One of them is connected in series between the first pole piece and the first terminal 11, and the other is connected in series between the second pole piece and the second terminal 21.
  • the fuse member 14 By the arrangement of the fuse member 14, it is possible to fuse at the fuse member 14 by short-circuiting a large current in the electrical connection path, thereby achieving an open circuit between the electrode assembly 31 and the external circuit, reducing the risk of ignition and explosion of the secondary battery.
  • the fuse member 14 may be provided separately or integrally with other components.
  • the secondary battery includes a first connecting member 16 and a second connecting member 26, and the first connecting member 16 is connected between the first pole piece and the first terminal 11, and the second connecting member 26 is connected between the second pole piece and the second terminal 21.
  • the fuse member 14 is formed on at least one of the first connector 16 and the second connector 26.
  • the first connecting member 16 can serve as an electrical connection connecting the first pole piece and the first terminal 11
  • the second connecting member 26 serves as an electrical connection connecting the second pole piece and the second terminal 21.
  • the component is beneficial to improve the assembly processability of the secondary battery, and avoids deformation of the first tab 311 and the second tab 312 during the assembly process.
  • the fuse member 14 formed on the first connecting piece 16 or the second connecting piece 26 may function as a fuse, and the cutting is formed through the first pole piece and the second pole The circuit of the chip.
  • the fuse member 14 can be realized by opening a notch or a hole in the first connecting member 16, so that an overcurrent area is formed on the first connecting member 16 smaller than the remaining flow area, and the smaller overcurrent area is Where the fuse member 14 is located.
  • the fuse member 14 and the resistance member 24 may both be connected in series in an electrical connection path through the first pole piece, the first terminal 11, the contact piece 12, the conductive piece 22, the second terminal 21, and the second pole piece, and the resistance member 24 can reduce the short-circuit current instantaneously when the contact piece 12 is in contact with the conductive piece 22, but the reduced short-circuit current is sufficient to blow the fuse member 14 so that The electrical connection path is broken.
  • the present application is not limited to the above embodiment, for example, One terminal 11 is used as a negative terminal, and accordingly, the second terminal 21 is used as a positive terminal.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

一种二次电池，包括：电极组件（31）、第一端子（11）、第二端子（21）以及顶盖片（41），所述电极组件（31）包括第一极片、第二极片以及设置在所述第一极片与所述第二极片之间的隔板，所述第一端子（11）与所述第一极片电连接，所述第二端子（21）与所述第二极片电连接，所述第一端子（11）和第二端子（21）中的至少一者与所述顶盖片（41）绝缘设置；所述二次电池还包括：附接于所述第一端子（11）上的接触片（12），和电连接到所述第二端子（21）的导电片（22），当所述二次电池的内部压力超过基准压力时，所述接触片（12）在内部压力的作用下动作并与所述导电片（22）接触，以形成通过所述第一极片、所述第一端子（11）、所述接触片（12）、所述导电片（22）、所述第二端子（21）以及所述第二极片的电连接路径。该方案提高了二次电池的安全性。

Description

二次电池 技术领域
本申请涉及储能器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种二次电池。
背景技术
二次电池可以被重复充电和放电，广泛应用在手机、笔记本等小型便携式电子设备中以及混合动力电动车、纯电动汽车等交通工具中。二次电池在快速充电或大功率放电过程中，内部会过度产热，并且电解液可能分解，这种热的产生以及电解液的分解使得二次电池内部的压力增大，由此，可能导致二次电池着火和爆炸，降低了二次电池的安全性。
相关技术中，通常在二次电池中设置接触片，接触片附接在顶盖片上，当二次电池内部的压力超过基准压力，接触片在气压作用下动作，并与导电片电接触，使得电芯中的正极片和负极片发生外短路。
然而，上述技术方案中，接触片直接设置在了顶盖片上，由于顶盖片受外界影响因素较多，例如，电芯使用过程中不可避免地会产生膨胀，而顶盖片通过焊接盖合壳体，壳体向外膨胀会同时对顶盖片产生拉应力，或者顶盖片与壳体焊接时会对顶盖片产生焊接拉应力等等，由于接触片是直接设置在顶盖片上，因此接触片也会产生拉应力。接触片长期处于拉应力的状态，会对接触片产生应力疲劳，缩短接触片的使用寿命；同时由于拉应力的存在会导致接触片灵敏度下降，接触片无法在额定压力下动作，从而使得二次电池的安全性能降低。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种二次电池，可改善上述缺陷。
本申请提供了一种二次电池，包括：电极组件、第一端子、第二端子以及顶盖片，
所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及设置在所述第一极片与所述第二极片之间的隔板，所述第一端子与所述第一极片电连接， 所述第二端子与所述第二极片电连接，
所述第一端子和第二端子中的至少一者与所述顶盖片绝缘设置；
所述二次电池还包括：附接于所述第一端子上的接触片，和
电连接到所述第二端子的导电片，
当所述二次电池的内部压力超过基准压力时，所述接触片在所述内部压力的作用下动作并与所述导电片接触，以形成通过所述第一极片、所述第一端子、所述接触片、所述导电片、所述第二端子以及所述第二极片的电连接路径。
优选地，所述第一端子与所述顶盖片电连接，所述第二端子与所述顶盖片绝缘设置。
优选地，还包括壳体，所述顶盖片与所述壳体盖合形成用于封装所述电极组件的第一腔室和为所述接触片提供翻转空间的第二腔室，
所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室通过所述接触片隔开，
所述导电片位于所述顶盖片远离所述电极组件的一侧，且与所述顶盖片绝缘设置。
优选地，所述顶盖片上设有通孔，所述导电片具有能够与翻转后的所述接触片接触的接触部分，所述接触部分位于所述第二腔室内。
优选地，所述顶盖片包括本体部分和隆起部分，所述隆起部分朝向远离所述壳体的一侧突出，所述第二腔室由所述接触片与所述隆起部分围成，且所述通孔设置在所述隆起部分上。
优选地，所述第一端子包括相连接的端子本体和延伸部，
所述延伸部上开设有开口，所述开口正对所述通孔，所述接触片密封所述开口，以将所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室隔开。
优选地，所述端子本体与所述延伸部为一体式结构或分体式结构。
优选地，还包括密封在所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室之间的密封构件，所述密封构件密封连接于所述延伸部与所述顶盖片之间，并且具有与所述顶盖片密封接触的第一密封面以及与所述延伸部密封接触的第二密封面。
优选地，还包括密封在所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室之间的密封构件，所述密封构件密封于所述接触片与所述顶盖片之间，并且具有 与所述顶盖片密封接触的第一密封面以及与所述接触片密封接触的第二密封面。
优选地，所述接触片包括翻转部和凸头，
所述翻转部为片状环面结构，
所述凸头连接于所述翻转部，且朝向所述顶盖片的一侧凸出，
所述翻转部的外边缘与所述延伸部密封连接，且所述接触片动作时能够通过所述凸头与所述接触部分接触。
优选地，所述第一密封面与所述第二密封面沿所述顶盖片的延伸方向相对设置，和/或
所述第一密封面与所述第二密封面沿所述二次电池的高度方向相对设置。
优选地，还包括电阻构件，所述电阻构件串联于通过所述第一极片、所述第一端子、所述接触片、所述导电片、所述第二端子以及所述第二极片的电连接路径中。
优选地，还包括第二端子板，所述第二端子板与所述第二端子电连接，所述电阻构件串联于所述第二端子板和所述导电片之间。
优选地，所述电阻构件的电阻值的范围为0.1毫欧～10毫欧。
优选地，还包括熔断构件，所述熔断构件串联于通过所述第一极片、所述第一端子、所述接触片、所述导电片、所述第二端子以及所述第二极片的电连接路径中，所述熔断构件处的过流面积小于所述电连接路径其余处的过流面积；并且
所述熔断构件串联于所述第一极片与所述第一端子之间，和/或
所述熔断构件串联于所述第二极片与所述第二端子之间。
优选地，还包括第一连接件和第二连接件，
所述第一极片通过所述第一连接件与所述第一端子电连接，所述第二极片通过所述第二连接件与所述第二端子电连接，
所述第一连接件和/或所述第二连接件上形成有所述熔断构件。
优选地，所述熔断构件通过在第一连接件上和/或第二连接件上开设缺口和/或孔形成。
本申请提供的技术方案可以达到以下有益效果：
本申请提供了一种二次电池，包括第一端子、第二端子、接触片以及导电片，接触片附接于第一端子，导电片电连接于第二端子。当二次电池内部的气压增大且超过基准压力时，接触片动作并与导电片接触，使得第一极片与第二接片之间形成通过第一极片、第一端子、接触片、导电片、第二端子以及第二极片的电连接路径短路，提高了二次电池的安全性。
一方面，当二次电池膨胀或压缩时以及顶盖片与壳体焊接时，并由此产生的作用力将施加于顶盖片，如果将接触片设置在顶盖片上，顶盖片变形会连带接触片变形，该变形使得在接触片的内部产生应力，该应力会导致接触片灵敏度下降，本申请中，将接触片附接在第一端子上，减小了顶盖片变形时对接触片的影响，从而不容易出现接触片灵敏度下降的现象，有利于提高二次电池的安全性。
另一方面，本申请还避免在顶盖片上开设安装接触片的开口，对于薄壁结构的顶盖片而言，有利于提高强度。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例所提供的二次电池部分结构的立体分解视图；
图2为本申请实施例所提供的二次电池部分结构的剖视图；
图3为本申请实施例所提供的第一端子与接触片分解视图的剖视图；
图4为本申请实施例所提供的第一端子与接触片连接状态下的剖视图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的密封在第一腔室与第二腔室之间的密封结构的实施例一的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的密封在第一腔室与第二腔室之间的密封结构的实施例二的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的密封在第一腔室与第二腔室之间的密封结构的实施例三的示意图；
图8为图2中A部位的放大视图；
图9为图2中B部位的放大视图。
附图标记：
11-第一端子；
111-端子本体；
112-延伸部；
112a-开口；
112b-柱状体；
112c-阶梯面；
12-接触片；
121-凸头；
121a-第二接触平面；
122-翻转部；
13-密封构件；
131-第一密封面；
132-第二密封面；
14-熔断构件；
15-第一端子板；
16-第一连接件；
17-第一绝缘衬垫；
21-第二端子；
22-导电片；
221-接触部分；
221a-第一接触平面；
23-绝缘构件；
24-电阻构件；
25-第二端子板；
26-第二连接件；
27-第二绝缘衬垫；
31-电极组件；
311-第一极耳；
312-第二极耳；
41-顶盖片；
411-本体部分；
412-隆起部分；
413-通孔。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。文中所述“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”、“下”均以附图中的二次电池的放置状态为参照。
如图1-9所示，本申请实施例提供了一种二次电池，该二次电池包括第一端子11和第二端子21，第一端子11与第二端子21可以与外电路连接形成电流回路，二次电池作为外电路中的电源，向外界输出电能。
其中，第一端子11可以用作正极端子，相应地，第二端子21用作负极端子，反之亦可。下面，本申请以第一端子11作为正极端子(第一极片作为正极片)、第二端子21作为负极端子(第二极片作为负极片)为例对本申请提供的二次电池进行详细描述。
如图1所示，二次电池通常包括电极组件31、壳体(图中未示出)以及顶盖片41，壳体与顶盖片41可以通过焊接等方式盖合形成容纳腔，电极组件31被收容在容纳腔内。
电极组件31通常包括第一极片和第二极片，第一极片具有第一极耳311，第二极片具有第二极耳312，第一极片经由第一极耳311与第一端子11电连接，第二极片经由第二极耳312与第二端子21电 连接，使得电能最终由电极组件31向外界输出。
本申请提供的二次电池还包括导电片22和接触片12，其中，接触片12附接于第一端子11，导电片22电连接于第二端子21。接触片12和第一端子11可以是一体式结构，也可以是分体式结构。
导电片22与第二端子21的电连接方式可以是两者直接接触并且相互连接，还可以是导电片22通过其他导电体与第二端子21连接，本申请对此不作限定，只要导电片22与第二端子21能够实现电流的导通即可。
当二次电池的内部压力超过基准压力时，接触片12在内部压力的作用下动作并与导电片22接触，以形成通过第一极片、第一端子11、接触片12、导电片22、第二端子21以及第二极片的电连接路径。接触片12在气压作用下动作并与导电片22接触，两者之间可以是直接接触，或者是接触片12与导电片22之间设置其他导电体使得接触片12和导电片22间接接触。
根据以上的描述，二次电池在充、放电的过程中，当二次电池的内部过度产热或电解液分解，并由此造成电池内部的压力增大时，且内部压力超过基准压力时，接触片12在内部压力作用下动作并与导电片22接触，使得二次电池形成外短路的状态，在此外短路状态下，由此降低了二次电池爆炸和着火的风险，提高了二次电池的安全性。
一方面，如果将接触片12连接于顶盖片41上，当二次电池膨胀或压缩时以及壳体与顶盖片41焊接时，由此产生的作用力将施加于顶盖片41，顶盖片41变形会连带接触片12变形，该变形使得在接触片12的内部产生应力，该应力会导致接触片12动作时的压力值偏离预设的基准压力值，导致接触片12的灵敏度下降。而本申请中，接触片12设置在第一端子11上，即使电芯膨胀也不会对接触片12产生拉应力，从而不容易出现由上述原因导致的接触片12灵敏度下降的现象，提高了二次电池的安全性。
另一方面，本申请还避免了在顶盖片41上开设安装接触片12的开口，对于薄壁结构的顶盖片41而言，有利于提高强度。
通常情况下，第一端子11与第二端子21的一部分分别伸出顶盖 片41，且伸出部分与外电路连接。在此情况下，第一端子11与第二端子21中的至少一者可以与顶盖片41绝缘设置。其中，绝缘的方式例如可以在两端子与顶盖片41之间设置绝缘件等实现，参见图6和图9，第一端子11与顶盖片41之间可以通过第一绝缘衬垫17绝缘，第二端子与顶盖片41之间可以通过第二绝缘衬垫27绝缘。其中绝缘材料可以选用橡胶、石棉等。
根据一个实施例，在将第一端子11用作正极端子的实施例中，可以将顶盖片41与第一端子11电连接，而顶盖片41与第二端子21绝缘设置，如此设置的优点在于，当顶盖片41与用作正极的第一端子11电连接后，壳体与顶盖片41均带正电，以此减小电解液对壳体以及顶盖片41的腐蚀，延长使用寿命。
在其它一些实施例中，例如，还可以将顶盖片41与第一端子11以及第二端子21均绝缘设置。
此外，在第一端子11用作正极端子的实施例中，且当顶盖片41与第一端子11电连接时，此时，第一端子11不必伸出顶盖片41外，第一端子11可以经由顶盖片41实现与外电路的电连接。
如图2所示，更确切地，壳体与顶盖片41盖合后形成的容纳腔包括第一腔室S1以及第二腔室S2。具体地，第一腔室S1用于封装电极组件31，第二腔室S2用于为接触片12提供动作空间，且第一腔室S1与第二腔室S2通过接触片12隔开。当第一腔室S1的内部压力超过基准压力时，气体压力作用于接触片12，并推动其动作。
动作后的接触片12能够与导电片22实现电接触，其中，导电片22位于顶盖片41远离电极组件的一侧，且与顶盖片41绝缘设置。导电片22可以全部位于第二腔室S2的内部，也可以全部位于第二腔室S2的外部。当导电片22全部位于第二腔室S2的外部时，接触片12与导电片22电接触时产生的热量能够更方便地被传导分散。
在图2所示的实施例中，导电片22的一部分设置在第二腔室S2内，其余部分位于第二腔室S2外，此方案兼顾便于散热和便于实现与接触片12的电接触这两方面而设置。
具体地，如图1-2所示，接触片12附接于第一端子11上，导电 片22设置在顶盖片41的上方且与第二端子21连接，其中，导电片22与顶盖片41绝缘设置，导电片22从第二端子21处朝向第一端子11的一侧延伸，顶盖片41上开设有通孔413，导电片22具有凸向接触片12的凸出部分，该凸出部分即为与动作后的接触片12电接触的接触部分221，该接触部分221伸入通孔413并位于第二腔室S2内，接触部分221的设置方便了导电片22的散热以及导电片22与接触片12之间间隔的设置，此间隔使得两者之间在接触片12动作时能够相互接触、在接触片12动作前能够相互绝缘。
进一步，根据一个实施例，如图3-4所示，接触片12包括凸头121和翻转部122，其中，翻转部122为片状环面结构，这有利于接触片12在气压作用下实现动作，凸头121连接于翻转部122且朝向顶盖片41的一侧凸出，当接触片12动作时，接触片12能够通过凸头121与接触部分221接触。该方案中，凸头121的设置可以在与接触部分221之间留有适当间隔的基础上减小接触片12的翻转行程，提高二次电池的安全性。进一步地，凸头121和翻转部122为一体式结构。
且更进一步，接触部分221具有第一接触平面221a，参见图8，相应地，凸头121具有第二接触平面121a，当接触片12与导电片22接触，第一接触平面221a与第二接触平面121a电接触。这一方案可以使得接触片12与导电片22接触时具有较大的接触面积，以保证两者之间可靠的电性接触。
对于导电片22而言，导电片22固定不动，接触部分221朝向接触片12的一侧表面作为第一接触平面221a。对于接触片12而言，接触片12动作后会发生变形，考虑到凸头121处的变形量相对较小，该凸头121朝向导电片22的一侧表面基本保持平面状态，因此，该凸头121朝向导电片22的表面可以作为第二接触平面121a。
在图1-2所示的实施例中，导电片22的一端连接在第二端子21处，另一端朝向第一端子11的一侧延伸，因此，导电片22为一端固定、另一端为自由端的悬臂结构，在与接触片12接触的过程中，会导致导电片22在接触力的作用下产生位移，造成两者接触不良。为 了克服上述缺陷，可以优选在导电片22的自由端设置连接结构，以将导电片22的自由端固定，该连接结构可以通过粘接的结构实现，也可以通过相互配合的卡合结构实现。
在图1-2所示的实施例中，二次电池中包括绝缘构件23，绝缘构件23包覆在导电片22的外部，一方面，通过绝缘构件23的包覆，使得两者嵌设在一起，绝缘构件23朝向第一端子11延伸并被固定在第一端子11处，如此设置后，通过绝缘构件23的支撑，使得导电片22的悬臂结构得到缓解，降低了导电片22与接触片12接触不良的现象。
另一方面，通过绝缘构件23的包覆，导电片22上仅裸露出与接触片12接触的接触部分221，以及与第二端子21导通的部分，以此避免与顶盖片41的导通，实现导电片22与顶盖片41的绝缘。
如图3-4所示，第一端子11包括相连接的端子本体111以及延伸部112，延伸部112朝向第二端子21的一侧延伸，延伸部112上开设有开口112a，翻转部122的外边缘密封连接在延伸部112上，使得接触片12密封开口112a，以将第一腔室S1与第二腔室S2隔开，且此开口112a与顶盖片41上的通孔413正对，凸头121设置在翻转部122的中间部位，这样，当接触片12动作，凸头121经由开口112a以及通孔413与接触部分221接触。其中，用于与极片以及外电路实现电连接的部分位于端子本体111上，延伸部112用于与接触片12连接，方便了接触片12在第一端子11上的设置。
在图3-4所示的实施例中，端子本体111与延伸部112为一体式结构，但是，需要说明的是，在其它一些实施例中，端子本体111与延伸部112还可以采用分体式结构，本申请对此不作限定。
如图3-4所示，延伸部112上向靠近顶盖片41的一侧延伸有柱状体112b，柱状体112b具有沿其轴向延伸的空腔，且该空腔贯穿延伸部112，开口112a即形成于该空腔。柱状体112b的内壁为阶梯结构，该阶梯结构在柱状体112b的内壁上形成阶梯面112c，该阶梯面112c与翻转部122的外边缘的表面贴合定位，两者定位配合后可以通过对缝焊接的方式或粘接等方式固定以实现密封连接。
此外，为了保证接触片12快速响应二次电池的内部压力，二次电池还包括密封在第一腔室S1与第二腔室S2之间的密封构件13。根据一个实施例，如图2和图8所示，密封构件13密封连接于延伸部112与顶盖片41之间，并且密封构件13具有与顶盖片41密封接触的第一密封面131以及与延伸部112密封接触的第二密封面132。
具体地，密封构件13为环形结构，密封构件13套装在柱状体112b外，柱状体112b连同密封构件13嵌设在通孔413内，密封构件13与通孔413的内壁以及柱状体112b的外壁密封接触，从而使得密封构件13形成沿顶盖片41的延伸方向相对设置的第一密封面131和第二密封面132。
此外，如图5所示，密封构件13还可以环绕通孔413以及开口112a设置，当密封构件13分别与顶盖片41以及延伸部112密封接触，即形成沿二次电池的高度方向相对设置的第一密封面131和第二密封面132。
在其它一些实施例，如图6所示，密封构件13还可以密封连接于接触片12与顶盖片41之间，并且密封构件13具有与顶盖片41密封接触的第一密封面131以及与接触片12密封接触的第二密封面132，并且，第一密封面131与第二密封面132沿二次电池的高度方向相对设置。
在图6所示的实施例中，只要对顶盖片41、延伸部112以及接触片12上述三者稍加变型，还可以使得第一密封面131与第二密封面132沿顶盖片41的延伸方向相对设置，此密封结构的原理与图2中示出的密封结构的原理基本相同，此处不再赘述。
另外，如图7所示，还可利用设置在第一端子11和顶盖片41之间的塑胶件来充当密封构件13，此方案可以减少二次电池中零部件的使用数量，简化装配工艺。
如图1-2所示，由于壳体和顶盖片41盖合后形成的第二腔室S2的空间有限，因此，接触片12的动作空间受到限制，为了增大这一空间，优选顶盖片41包括本体部分411和隆起部分412，隆起部分412朝向远离壳体的一侧突出，使得第二腔室S2由接触片12与隆起 部分412围成，并将通孔413设置在隆起部分412上。这样一来，第二腔室S2的空间得到了扩展，此空间扩展后的意义在于，当接触片12动作，该空间内的空气压缩比率减小，接触片12动作时的阻力减小，有利于提高接触片12动作时的灵敏度。
本申请中，二次电池还包括电阻构件24，电阻构件24串联于通过第一极片、第一端子11、接触片12、导电片22、第二端子21以及第二极片的电连接路径中。该方案中，电阻构件24可以使得该电连接路径在导通的瞬间因电阻构件24的存在，短路电流的峰值得到控制。
此外，虽然电阻构件24起到了减小短路电流的峰值的作用，但是，在实际情况中，也存在短路电流将接触片12与导电片22的接触处熔断的情况，从而使得电极组件31与外电路之间形成断路，避免二次电池着火和爆炸等危险事故的发生。电阻构件24的电阻值可在0.1mohm～10mohm的范围内选用，例如电阻构件24可以选用由钢、不锈钢或镍钢合金等材料制成。
电阻构件24的位置可以根据实际应用的环境选择，如图9所示，电阻构件24可以设置在第二端子21处。该方案使得电阻构件24可以较少地受到接触片12与导电片22接触时产生的热量的干扰。
具体地，如图1-2所示，二次电池中还包括第一端子板15和第二端子板25，第一端子板15锁紧并连接在第一端子11上，第二端子板25锁紧并连接在第二端子21上，第一端子板15以及第二端子板25的设置可以方便实现两端子与外电路之间的连接，为方便装配而设置，但并非必要。
在图9所示的实施例中，电阻构件24串联在了第二端子板25与导电片22之间，当接触片12与导电片22电接触，短路电流依次流经导电片22、电阻构件24、第二端子板25、第二端子21以及第二极片。
需要说明，当二次电池正常操作时，正常电流依次流经第二端子板25、第二端子21以及第二极片，虽然电阻构件24存在，但不会影响正常操作时二次电池的输出。
此外，本申请还包括熔断构件14，如图1所示，熔断构件14串联于通过第一极片、第一端子11、接触片12、导电片22、第二端子21以及第二极片的电连接路径中，并且，熔断构件14的过流面积小于电连接路径中其余处的过流面积。其中，熔断构件14可以串联于第一极片与第一端子11之间，或者，熔断构件14可以串联于第二极片与第二端子21之间，又或者，熔断构件14设置为两个，其中一者串联于第一极片与第一端子11之间，另一者串联于第二极片与第二端子21之间。通过熔断构件14的设置，使得在该电连接路径中通过短路大电流时能够在熔断构件14处熔断，从而实现电极组件31与外电路之间断路，降低二次电池着火和爆炸的风险。
熔断构件14可以单独设置，也可以与其他零件一体设置。在图1所示的实施例中，二次电池中包括第一连接件16和第二连接件26，第一连接件16连接于第一极片和第一端子11之间，第二连接件26连接于第二极片和第二端子21之间。其中，熔断构件14形成于第一连接件16以及第二连接件26两者中的至少一者上。当二次电池在正常操作时，第一连接件16可以作为连接第一极片与第一端子11的电连接件，第二连接件26作为连接第二极片与第二端子21的电连接件，有利于改善了二次电池的装配工艺性，避免了在装配过程中造成第一极耳311与第二极耳312的变形。然而，当第一极片与第二极片之间短路时，形成于第一连接件16或者第二连接件26的熔断构件14可以发挥熔断作用，切断形成通过第一极片与第二极片的电路。
熔断构件14可以通过在第一连接件16上开设缺口、孔的方式实现，使得在第一连接件16上形成过流面积小于其余处的过流面积，此较小的过流面积处即为熔断构件14的所在处。
同理，在第二连接件26上形成熔断构件14的方式可以采用上述结构，此处不再赘述。
需要说明，熔断构件14和电阻构件24可均串联于通过第一极片、第一端子11、接触片12、导电片22、第二端子21以及第二极片的电连接路径中，电阻构件24可减小接触片12与导电片22接触瞬间的短路电流，但减小后的短路电流足以将熔断构件14熔断，从而使 得该电连接路径断路。
以上仅针对接触片12附接于第一端子11，导电片22电连接于第二端子21这一实施例方式进行了说明，但是，本申请不仅限于上述的实施例，例如，还可以将第一端子11用作负极端子，相应地，将第二端子21用作正极端子。
并且，本领域技术人员应当理解，根据接触片12以及导电片22设置位置的不同，相应地，二次电池中各部件的结构以及设置方式均可得到多种相应的变型方案。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种二次电池，包括：电极组件、第一端子、第二端子以及顶盖片，其特征在于，
    所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及设置在所述第一极片与所述第二极片之间的隔板，所述第一端子与所述第一极片电连接，所述第二端子与所述第二极片电连接，
    所述第一端子和第二端子中的至少一者与所述顶盖片绝缘设置；
    所述二次电池还包括：附接于所述第一端子上的接触片，和
    电连接到所述第二端子的导电片，
    当所述二次电池的内部压力超过基准压力时，所述接触片在所述内部压力的作用下动作并与所述导电片接触，以形成通过所述第一极片、所述第一端子、所述接触片、所述导电片、所述第二端子以及所述第二极片的电连接路径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述第一端子与所述顶盖片电连接，所述第二端子与所述顶盖片绝缘设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，还包括壳体，所述顶盖片与所述壳体盖合形成用于封装所述电极组件的第一腔室和为所述接触片提供动作空间的第二腔室，
    所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室通过所述接触片隔开，
    所述导电片位于所述顶盖片远离所述电极组件的一侧，且与所述顶盖片绝缘设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述顶盖片上设有通孔，所述导电片具有能够与动作后的所述接触片接触的接触部分，所述接触部分位于所述第二腔室内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述顶盖片包括本体部分和隆起部分，所述隆起部分朝向远离所述壳体的一侧突出，所述第二腔室由所述接触片与所述隆起部分围成，且所述通孔设置在所述隆起部分上。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述第一端子包括相连接的端子本体和延伸部，
    所述延伸部上开设有开口，所述开口正对所述通孔，所述接触片密封所述开口，以将所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室隔开。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述端子本体与所述延伸部为一体式结构或分体式结构。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的二次电池，其特征在于，还包括密封在所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室之间的密封构件，所述密封构件密封连接于所述延伸部与所述顶盖片之间，并且具有与所述顶盖片密封接触的第一密封面以及与所述延伸部密封接触的第二密封面。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的二次电池，其特征在于，还包括密封在所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室之间的密封构件，所述密封构件密封于所述接触片与所述顶盖片之间，并且具有与所述顶盖片密封接触的第一密封面以及与所述接触片密封接触的第二密封面。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述接触片包括翻转部和凸头，
    所述翻转部为片状环面结构，
    所述凸头连接于所述翻转部，且朝向所述顶盖片的一侧凸出，
    所述翻转部的外边缘与所述延伸部密封连接，且所述接触片动作时能够通过所述凸头与所述接触部分接触。
  11. 根据权利要求8或9所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述第一密封面与所述第二密封面沿所述顶盖片的延伸方向相对设置，和/或
    所述第一密封面与所述第二密封面沿所述二次电池的高度方向相对设置。
  12. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的二次电池，其特征在于，还包括电阻构件，所述电阻构件串联于通过所述第一极片、所述第一端子、所述接触片、所述导电片、所述第二端子以及所述第二极片的电连接路径中。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的二次电池，其特征在于，还包括第二端子板，所述第二端子板与所述第二端子电连接，所述电阻构件串联于所述第二端子板和所述导电片之间。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述电阻构件的电阻值的范围为0.1毫欧～10毫欧。
  15. 根据权利要求12任一项所述的二次电池，其特征在于，还包括熔断构件，所述熔断构件串联于通过所述第一极片、所述第一端子、所述接触片、所述导电片、所述第二端子以及所述第二极片的电连接路径中，所述熔断构件处的过流面积小于所述电连接路径其余处的过流面积；并且
    所述熔断构件串联于所述第一极片与所述第一端子之间，和/或
    所述熔断构件串联于所述第二极片与所述第二端子之间。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的二次电池，其特征在于，还包括第一连接件和第二连接件，
    所述第一极片通过所述第一连接件与所述第一端子电连接，所述第二极片通过所述第二连接件与所述第二端子电连接，
    所述第一连接件和/或所述第二连接件上形成有所述熔断构件。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述熔断构件通过在第一连接件上和/或第二连接件上开设缺口和/或孔形成。
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