WO2018062322A1 - アルミニウム合金線、架空送電線、及びアルミニウム合金線の製造方法 - Google Patents
アルミニウム合金線、架空送電線、及びアルミニウム合金線の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018062322A1 WO2018062322A1 PCT/JP2017/035068 JP2017035068W WO2018062322A1 WO 2018062322 A1 WO2018062322 A1 WO 2018062322A1 JP 2017035068 W JP2017035068 W JP 2017035068W WO 2018062322 A1 WO2018062322 A1 WO 2018062322A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/02—Single bars, rods, wires, or strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy wire, an overhead power transmission line, and a method for producing an aluminum alloy wire.
- the above-mentioned strands are twisted on the outer periphery of an aluminum stranded wire formed by twisting an electrical hard aluminum wire composed of an electrical aluminum ingot as a strand, or a tension member made of a steel wire.
- Steel core aluminum stranded wire (ACSR) is used.
- a steel core heat-resistant aluminum alloy stranded wire (TACSR) is also used which uses a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire obtained by adding a small amount of Zr to an electrical aluminum ingot as a raw wire.
- the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire has a conductivity of 60% IACS and is called 60TAI or the like (see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 discloses a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire for electric conduction containing Zr, Fe, B, and Be in a specific range and containing Zr and Fe in a range satisfying a specific relational expression.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present disclosure is Si is 0 mass% or more and 0.03 mass% or less, 0.05 mass% or more and 0.25 mass% or less of Fe, Containing Zr 0.01 mass% or more and 0.05 mass% or less, The balance is composed of Al and impurities,
- the wire diameter is over 1.5 mm.
- the overhead power transmission line of the present disclosure is It includes a stranded portion formed by twisting a plurality of the aluminum alloy wires.
- a method for producing an aluminum alloy wire of the present disclosure includes: Si is contained in an amount of 0 to 0.03% by mass, Fe is contained in an amount of 0.05 to 0.25% by mass, Zr is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 0.05% by mass, and the balance is Al and impurities.
- a casting process for producing a cast material by casting an aluminum alloy comprising: The casting material is subjected to plastic processing including at least one of rolling processing and wire drawing processing, and includes a processing step of manufacturing a wire material having a wire diameter of more than 1.5 mm, In the casting process, the cooling rate during casting is set to 5 ° C./second or more.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic perspective view which shows an example of the overhead power transmission line of embodiment provided with the aluminum alloy wire of embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between (5xZr + Fe) and heat resistance about each sample produced in Test Example 1. It is a graph which shows the relationship between (5 * Zr + Fe + 2 * Si) and electrical conductivity about each sample produced in Test Example 1.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic perspective view which shows an example of the overhead power transmission line of embodiment provided with the aluminum alloy wire of embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between (5xZr + Fe) and heat resistance about each sample produced in Test Example 1. It is a graph which shows the relationship between (5 * Zr + Fe + 2 * Si) and electrical conductivity about each sample produced in Test Example 1.
- an object is to provide an aluminum alloy wire having a high balance between high electrical conductivity and excellent heat resistance. Another object is to provide an overhead power transmission line having a good balance between low electrical resistance and excellent heat resistance. Furthermore, another object is to provide a method for producing an aluminum alloy wire capable of producing an aluminum alloy wire having a good balance between high electrical conductivity and excellent heat resistance.
- the aluminum alloy wire according to the present disclosure described above is provided with a high balance between high electrical conductivity and excellent heat resistance.
- the overhead power transmission line of the present disclosure described above has a low electrical resistance and excellent heat resistance in a well-balanced manner.
- the above-described method for producing an aluminum alloy wire of the present disclosure can produce an aluminum alloy wire having a high balance between high electrical conductivity and excellent heat resistance.
- An aluminum alloy wire according to an aspect of the present invention is: Si is 0 mass% or more and 0.03 mass% or less, 0.05 mass% or more and 0.25 mass% or less of Fe, Containing Zr 0.01 mass% or more and 0.05 mass% or less, The balance is composed of Al and impurities, The wire diameter is over 1.5 mm.
- the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire (hereinafter sometimes referred to as Al alloy wire) contains Zr and Fe in a specific range and has a very small Si content. Therefore, the effect of improving the heat resistance due to the solid solution of Zr and Fe can be obtained well, and the heat resistance is excellent. Further, since the Al alloy wire has a very small Si content, it is easy to maintain a high Al conductivity by suppressing a decrease in conductivity due to the inclusion of Si itself. When the content of at least one of Zr and Fe is smaller in the above range, the conductivity can be increased. For these reasons, the Al alloy wire can have a higher conductivity.
- the above-mentioned Al alloy wire is provided with a good balance between high conductivity and excellent heat resistance.
- the Al alloy wire described above has an effect of improving strength due to solid solution of Fe, and is excellent in strength.
- Such an Al alloy wire has a wire diameter of more than 1.5 mm, and has a size suitable for a conductor of an electric wire such as an overhead power transmission line. An overhead power transmission line with low resistance and excellent heat resistance can be constructed.
- the above-mentioned Al alloy wire can be suitably used for a TACSR wire that is particularly required to have heat resistance.
- the above form contains Zr and Fe in a range satisfying the above specific relationship, the effect of improving heat resistance by solid solution can be obtained satisfactorily. Therefore, the said form is equipped with high electrical conductivity and the more excellent heat resistance in good balance.
- the above-mentioned form contains Zr, Fe, and Si in a range that satisfies the above specific relationship, it is possible to suppress a decrease in conductivity due to excessive inclusion of these elements and to have high conductivity. Therefore, the said form is equipped with higher electrical conductivity and the outstanding heat resistance in good balance.
- the form whose electrical conductivity in room temperature is 61% IACS or more is mentioned.
- the room temperature is about 20 ° C. ⁇ 15 ° C.
- the conductivity is higher than 60 TAl. Therefore, the said form is equipped with higher electrical conductivity and the outstanding heat resistance in good balance.
- the above form has little decrease in tensile strength even at high temperatures, maintains high tensile strength, and has excellent heat resistance. Therefore, the said form is equipped with high electrical conductivity and the more excellent heat resistance in good balance.
- the above form has a strength equal to or higher than the standard value and is excellent in strength. Therefore, the said form is excellent in intensity
- the above form contains Si in a specific range, it is superior in strength to the case where Si does not satisfy this specific range. Therefore, the said form is excellent in intensity
- the overhead power transmission line according to one aspect of the present invention is: A twisted wire portion formed by twisting a plurality of the aluminum alloy wires according to any one of (1) to (7) above is included.
- the above-mentioned overhead power transmission line has the above-mentioned specific composition, and has a twisted wire portion made of the above-mentioned Al alloy wire having a good balance between high electrical conductivity and excellent heat resistance, so that the electrical resistance is low and the heat resistance Excellent in properties.
- Such an overhead power transmission line can be suitably used as a heat resistant overhead power transmission line.
- the above form includes a tension member and can be suitably used as an overhead power transmission line having high strength.
- the tension member includes a form including at least one of an aluminum-coated steel wire and a galvanized steel wire.
- aluminum coating or galvanization is interposed between the aluminum alloy wire and the steel wire forming the tension member, and the aluminum alloy wire and the steel wire are not in direct contact. Therefore, corrosion deterioration of the aluminum alloy wire due to galvanic corrosion can be suppressed.
- a method for producing an aluminum alloy wire (Al alloy wire) according to an aspect of the present invention includes: Si is contained in an amount of 0 to 0.03% by mass, Fe is contained in an amount of 0.05 to 0.25% by mass, Zr is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 0.05% by mass, and the balance is Al and impurities.
- a casting process for producing a cast material by casting an aluminum alloy comprising: The casting material is subjected to plastic processing including at least one of rolling processing and wire drawing processing, and includes a processing step of manufacturing a wire material having a wire diameter of more than 1.5 mm, In the casting process, the cooling rate during casting is set to 5 ° C./second or more.
- the above method for producing an Al alloy wire can produce an Al alloy wire having a high balance between high electrical conductivity and excellent heat resistance with good productivity for the following reasons.
- Such an Al alloy wire is qualitatively a wire rod that has a small decrease in strength such as tensile strength at high temperatures and is excellent in heat resistance.
- Conductivity This is because since the Si content is very small, a decrease in conductivity due to the inclusion of Si itself can be suppressed. This is because when the Zr and Fe contents are further reduced as described above, it is easier to suppress a decrease in conductivity. (productivity) This is because the Al alloy wire having excellent heat resistance and conductivity can be produced without separately performing heat treatment such as aging treatment.
- the said form makes the raw material used for cold working into the raw material which has said specific wire diameter, and the degree of cold working until it manufactures the wire which has a predetermined final wire diameter from this raw material appropriately It can be ensured and it is easy to obtain the strength improvement effect by work hardening. Therefore, the said form is equipped with high electrical conductivity and outstanding heat resistance with sufficient balance, and can manufacture a high intensity
- the aluminum alloy wire (Al alloy wire) of the embodiment is a wire suitable for a conductor such as an electric wire, and is composed of an aluminum alloy (Al alloy) having a specific composition containing Si and Zr and Fe as essential elements. This is one of the characteristics.
- the Al alloy contains 0% or more and 0.03% or less of Si, 0.05% or more and 0.25% or less of Fe, and 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less of Zr, with the balance being Al and impurities. It is a heat resistant Al alloy composed of The above impurities are inevitable. First, each additive element will be described in detail.
- ⁇ Fe Fe in the Al alloy mainly functions as a solid solution strengthening element by being dissolved in Al as a matrix phase.
- Strength such as tensile strength at room temperature can be increased by solid solution of Fe.
- the tensile strength is unlikely to decrease at high temperatures, which contributes to the improvement of heat resistance.
- a part of Fe is allowed to exist as a compound with Al (precipitate such as Al 3 Fe, Al 6 Fe). This is because the precipitate containing Fe is considered to contribute to precipitation strengthening.
- an Al alloy wire having high strength and excellent heat resistance can be easily obtained by improving the strength and heat resistance by solid solution.
- the Fe content increases, the strength and heat resistance tend to be superior, and when desiring to increase the strength or heat resistance, the Fe content is 0.08% or more, and further 0.09% or more. , 0.1% or more.
- the Fe content can be 0.2% or less, and further 0.15% or less.
- ⁇ Zr Zr contributes particularly to improvement in heat resistance.
- Zr is present as a solid solution in Al, which is the parent phase, and contributes to maintaining high strength even at high temperatures by suppressing a decrease in strength at high temperatures.
- Zr When 0.01% or more of Zr is contained, it contributes favorably to the above-described improvement in heat resistance and can be made into an Al alloy wire excellent in heat resistance. As the Zr content increases, the heat resistance tends to be excellent, and when further improvement in heat resistance is desired, the Zr content is 0.015% or more, further 0.017% or more, 0.02 % Or more. When Zr is contained in the range of 0.05% or less, a decrease in electrical conductivity due to an increase in the solid solution amount of Zr can be suppressed, and an Al alloy wire having high electrical conductivity can be obtained. When high conductivity is desired, the Zr content can be 0.04% or less, and further 0.03% or less.
- the above sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe) is 0.17% or more, Zr and Fe can be solid-solved well in the parent phase, and have excellent heat resistance. An Al alloy wire having a residual rate of 90% or more can be obtained. The larger the sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe), the better the heat resistance. When further improvement in heat resistance is desired, the above sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe) can be 0.18% or more, further 0.182% or more, 0.19% or more, or 0.20% or more. .
- the Al alloy constituting the Al alloy wire of the embodiment has a Si content of 0% from the viewpoint of further improving the electrical conductivity, and can be configured to contain no Si.
- Si does not have a high heat resistance improvement effect compared to Zr and Fe.
- Zr and Fe are not consumed for forming a compound with Si, and can be sufficiently dissolved in Al of the parent phase. It is considered that the effect of improving the property can be obtained well. Therefore, the form containing no Si is provided with a high balance between high conductivity and excellent heat resistance.
- the Si content can be 0.012% or more, further 0.013% or more, and 0.015% or more.
- the Si content can be less than 0.03%, further less than 0.025%, less than 0.024%, less than 0.023%. More preferably, it is 0.020% or less.
- the above sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe + 2 ⁇ Si) is 0.34% or less, the increase in the solid solution amount of Zr and Fe is suppressed, and the decrease in the conductivity due to the inclusion of Si is suppressed. High Al alloy wire can be obtained.
- the above sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe + 2 ⁇ Si) can be made 0.33% or less, further 0.31% or less, and 0.30% or less.
- the structure of the Al alloy constituting the Al alloy wire of the embodiment includes a structure in which Fe and Zr are mainly dissolved. Moreover, a fine crystal structure is mentioned as a structure
- the Al alloy wire of the embodiment is excellent in heat resistance. Quantitatively, there is a form in which the residual ratio of tensile strength after heating at 230 ° C. for 1 hour is 90% or more. The residual ratio is [tensile strength after heating / tensile strength at room temperature] ⁇ 100 (%). The greater the residual ratio, the less the strength decreases at high temperatures and the better the heat resistance. Therefore, 91% or more, more preferably 92% or more, and 93% or more is more preferable.
- the Al alloy wire of the embodiment has high strength.
- the tensile strength at room temperature is equal to or higher than the average tensile strength defined for each diameter in the JEC-3406 standard of the electrical society of the Electrical Engineers of the Heat Resistant Aluminum Alloy Wire. Specific examples include the following.
- the wire diameter is 2.6 mm or more and less than 3.2 mm; When 179 MPa or more and the wire diameter is 3.2 mm or more and less than 3.7 mm; When 172 MPa or more and the wire diameter is 3.7 mm or more and less than 4.0 mm; 169 MPa or more and the wire diameter is 4.0 mm When not less than 5.0 mm; not less than 165 MPa As the average tensile strength is higher, the remaining tensile strength is likely to be higher even if the strength is lowered at a high temperature. When high strength or the like is desired, the tensile strength of the Al alloy wire can be set to the average tensile strength + 3 MPa or more and the average tensile strength + 5 MPa or more.
- the Al alloy wire of the embodiment is excellent in conductivity. Quantitatively, there is a form in which the electrical conductivity at room temperature satisfies 61% IACS or more. The higher the conductivity, the lower the electrical resistance, which is preferable because it can reduce power transmission loss. Therefore, the conductivity is 61.1% IACS or more, further 61.2% IACS or more, 61.3% IACS or more. be able to.
- Heat resistance residual ratio of the above-described tensile strength
- tensile strength electrical conductivity, and the like
- Heat resistance can be set to predetermined sizes by adjusting the composition and manufacturing conditions. For example, when the additive element is increased, the heat resistance and tensile strength tend to be high and the electrical conductivity tends to be low, and when the additive element is decreased, the electrical conductivity is high and the heat resistance and the tensile strength tend to be low.
- the cooling rate during casting is increased (accelerated), heat resistance and tensile strength tend to increase.
- the degree of processing is increased, the tensile strength tends to increase.
- the Al alloy wire of the embodiment can have various wire diameters by adjusting the degree of processing such as the degree of wire drawing (area reduction) during the manufacturing process. Depending on the application (described later), the wire diameter (cross-sectional area) can be appropriately selected.
- the wire diameter of the Al alloy wire of the embodiment is more than 1.5 mm, it is suitable for a conductor of a heat-resistant overhead power transmission line such as TACSR.
- the standard wire diameter of TACSR is, for example, 2.3 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less.
- a round wire having a circular cross-sectional shape can be cited.
- the Al alloy wire according to the embodiment can be used as a conductor of an electric wire used for power supply such as an electric wire, in particular, a bare electric wire such as an overhead power transmission line or a covered electric wire such as a distribution wire. Since the Al alloy wire of the embodiment is excellent in both conductivity and heat resistance as described above, the Al alloy wire is suitably used as a wire for a heat resistant overhead power transmission line such as a TACSR typically used for heat resistance. it can.
- the overhead power transmission line 1 of the embodiment includes a stranded portion 2 formed by twisting a plurality of Al alloy wires 12 of the embodiment.
- the overhead power transmission line 1 typically includes a concentric stranded wire in which a plurality of strands (in FIG. 1, an Al alloy wire 12 and a steel wire 13 described later) are concentrically stranded.
- An example of the overhead power transmission line 1 is a concentric stranded wire in which all the strands are Al alloy wires 12.
- FIG. 1 As another example of the overhead power transmission line 1, as shown in FIG.
- the tension member 3 is provided at the center thereof, and the concentricity is provided with a twisted wire portion 2 formed by twisting a plurality of Al alloy wires 12 around the tension member 3.
- a stranded wire is mentioned.
- the wire forming the tension member 3 include at least one kind of steel wire 13 of bare steel wire, aluminum-coated steel wire, and galvanized steel wire.
- the tension member 3 When the tension member 3 is not provided, if the outer diameter or the cross-sectional area of the electric wire is constant, the conductor cross-sectional area can be ensured larger than when the tension member 3 is provided.
- the tension member 3 since the tensile load is larger than when the tension member 3 is not provided, the tension at the time of overhead can be increased.
- the sag (sag) of the electric wire By increasing the tension at the time of overhead wire, the sag (sag) of the electric wire can be reduced. Since the sag can be reduced, it is possible to secure a large separation distance between the electric wire, the ground, and any structure built on the ground.
- the tension member 3 includes at least one of an aluminum-coated steel wire and a galvanized steel wire, since the aluminum coating or galvanization is interposed between the Al alloy wire 12 and the steel wire, an Al alloy wire caused by galvanic corrosion is used. 12 corrosion deterioration can be suppressed.
- the overhead power transmission line 1 of the embodiment can be used as a power transmission line.
- the overhead power transmission line 1 according to the embodiment has low electrical resistance and excellent heat resistance as described above, and thus can be suitably used for an overhead power transmission line that is desired to have excellent heat resistance.
- the Al alloy wire of the embodiment is composed of an Al alloy having a specific composition, it can have a heat resistance equal to or higher than that of a conventional one while having a higher conductivity than the conventional one, and has a high conductivity and excellent With a good balance of heat resistance. This effect will be specifically described in Test Example 1.
- the overhead power transmission line 1 of the embodiment includes the Al alloy wire 12 having a good balance between high conductivity and excellent heat resistance, so that the electric resistance is low and the heat resistance is also excellent, and the low electric resistance and the excellent heat resistance. With a good balance. This effect will be specifically described in Test Example 2.
- the Al alloy wire of the embodiment can be manufactured, for example, by the method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wire (Al alloy wire) of the embodiment including the following casting process and processing process. The outline of this manufacturing method will be described. After casting the Al alloy having the specific composition described above, the cast material is subjected to plastic working to form a wire. In particular, the cooling rate during casting is set to a specific range of rapid cooling. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the Al alloy wire of the embodiment can manufacture the Al alloy wire of the embodiment having high conductivity and excellent heat resistance without performing heat treatment such as aging treatment after casting, and is excellent in manufacturability. .
- a cast material is produced by casting an aluminum alloy. (Processing step) The cast material is subjected to plastic working including at least one of rolling and wire drawing to produce a wire having a wire diameter of more than 1.5 mm. In the casting process, the cooling rate during casting is set to 5 ° C./second or more. Hereinafter, it demonstrates for every process.
- Examples of the raw material include an electrical aluminum ingot (hereinafter referred to as an Al ingot), a mother alloy containing Al and an additive element, and at least one of an additive element alone.
- an Al ingot having a very small amount of impurities and a high Al purity, for example, an Al content of more than 99.65%, more than 99.9%, more than 99.92%, etc. It is easy to adjust the contents of Zr, Fe, and Si with high accuracy and is suitable for mass production.
- Al ingot having a low Al purity to some extent, if the refining is performed appropriately, the content of each additive element described above can be accurately adjusted, but it may be inferior in terms of mass production because it takes time.
- the solid solution ratio (particularly Fe) of the additive element can be increased by setting the cooling rate during casting (here, the cooling rate from the hot water temperature to at least about 400 ° C.) to 5 ° C./second or more.
- the cooling rate is preferably 6 ° C./second or more, more preferably 6.5 ° C./second or more, and 7 ° C./second or more.
- the casting method is not particularly limited.
- the continuous casting method can be suitably used.
- various methods such as a method using a movable mold such as a belt-and-wheel method and a method using a fixed mold can be used.
- the higher the cooling rate the more the cast material having a fine crystal structure can be obtained.
- the obtained wire also tends to have a fine crystal structure.
- the casting material in which the additive element is sufficiently dissolved as described above is subjected to plastic working to produce a wire material having a predetermined wire diameter.
- the aging treatment is not performed before, during or after the processing, so that it is easy to maintain a solid solution state and an effect of improving strength by work hardening is obtained. easy.
- content of an additive element is a specific range, the fall of the electrical conductivity by the solid solution of an additive element can be suppressed. Therefore, an Al alloy wire excellent in conductivity, heat resistance and strength can be produced with high productivity.
- the content of Si is small, and further the content of Zr and Fe is also small, it is difficult to form a coarse compound, and it is easy to reduce disconnection caused by coarse compound particles. Wire can be manufactured with high productivity.
- the plastic working performed in the working process includes at least one of rolling and wire drawing. Further, this plastic working includes at least one of hot working and cold working.
- a continuous casting material is subjected to rolling processing and wire drawing processing in order, and this rolling processing is hot processing and wire drawing processing is cold processing.
- the hot working is performed continuously after the continuous casting, it is easy to maintain a solid solution state using the heat remaining in the cast material, no reheating equipment is required, and the productivity is excellent.
- the rolling start temperature is set to about 250 ° C. or more and 550 ° C. or less.
- the wire When wire drawing is performed, the wire is subjected to one or more passes until the cast material or the rolled material subjected to the above-described rolling processing has a predetermined final wire diameter.
- This wire drawing can be cold working. Depending on the final wire diameter, the number of passes, the degree of processing per pass, the total degree of processing, etc. may be selected.
- the obtained wire having a final wire diameter (such as a wire drawing material) is the Al alloy wire of the above-described embodiment.
- Processing degree area reduction ratio
- the degree of cold working the greater the degree of cold working, the greater the amount of work distortion and the easier it is to increase the strength.
- the degree of processing increases, it tends to cause a decrease in conductivity due to processing strain and a decrease in heat resistance due to precipitation of solid solution elements.
- the wire diameter at the start of cold working is set to It is mentioned that they are 8 mm or more and 15 mm or less.
- the wire diameter at the start of cold working can be 9 mm or more, further 10 mm or more, or 14 mm or less, further 13 mm or less, depending on the final wire diameter.
- the method for producing an aluminum alloy wire of the embodiment can be used for producing an aluminum alloy wire constituting the conductor of the above-described electric wire.
- Al ingot 99.9 mass% or more Al
- a master alloy Al alloy containing Zr, Al alloy containing Fe, Al alloy containing Si
- Al alloy containing Zr Al alloy containing Zr
- Al alloy containing Fe Al alloy containing Si
- Al alloy containing Si Al alloy containing Si
- Table 1 shows the composition of the Al alloy (the balance being Al and inevitable impurities).
- the obtained molten metal was continuously cast to produce a cast material (here, 3600 mm 2 ).
- Table 1 shows the cooling rate (° C./second) during continuous casting.
- the obtained cast material was continuously rolled (including hot rolling) using a belt-and-wheel continuous casting and rolling device, and continuously cast and rolled material (here, ⁇ 9.5 mm).
- the obtained continuous cast rolled material was subjected to wire drawing (cold, area reduction rate 95.6% or 88.7% or 72.3%), and the final wire diameter (2.0 mm or 3. 2 mm or 5.0 mm) was obtained.
- the conductivity was measured by a direct current four-terminal method. Here, a commercially available electrical resistance measuring device was used. The measurement was performed at room temperature (here, about 20 ° C.), and the gauge distance GL was set to 500 mm. The tensile strength was measured using a general-purpose tensile tester in accordance with JIS Z 2241 (metal material tensile test method, 1998). The measurement was performed at room temperature (here, about 20 ° C.), and the gauge distance GL was set to 100 mm.
- the heat resistance was evaluated by the following residual ratio (%) of tensile strength.
- the wire drawing material of each sample was heated to 230 ⁇ 1 ° C. using an electric furnace (the time required for the temperature increase was within 20 minutes), held at 230 ° C. for 1 hour, and then room temperature (here In this case, the tensile strength after heating was measured in the same manner as the method for measuring the tensile strength at room temperature described above. Then, [the tensile strength after heating / the tensile strength at room temperature] ⁇ 100 (%) was defined as the residual rate. The greater the residual rate, the better the heat resistance.
- 1-14 has a strength equal to or higher than the average value (for example, 172 MPa for a sample with a wire diameter of 3.2 mm) stipulated in JEC-3406, a heat-resistant aluminum alloy electric wire, JEC-3406 There are also samples with an average value of +5 MPa or more, and samples with an average value of +10 MPa or more.
- the average value for example, 172 MPa for a sample with a wire diameter of 3.2 mm
- JEC-3406 a heat-resistant aluminum alloy electric wire
- FIG. 1-1-No. 1-11 and sample no. 1-101-No. 1-104 is a graph showing the relationship between the sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe) and heat resistance.
- the horizontal axis represents the sum of the content of five times Zr and the content of Fe (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe) (mass%), and the left vertical axis represents heat resistance (%).
- Sample No. 1-1-No. 1-11 and Sample No. 1-101-No. No. 1-104 is a sample having substantially the same cooling rate during casting, the same wire diameter, and substantially the same manufacturing conditions.
- the sum of 1-11 is in the range of more than 0.148% by mass, particularly in the range of 0.17% by mass or more as shown by the broken line. Therefore, in order to have excellent heat resistance (90% or more), it is preferable that the content of Zr, Fe, Si satisfies a specific range and the sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe) satisfies 0.17% by mass or more. It was shown that.
- FIG. 1-1-No. 1-11 Sample No. 1-101-No. 1-104 is a graph showing the relationship between the sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe + 2 ⁇ Si) and conductivity.
- the horizontal axis is the sum of 5 times the Zr content, the Fe content and the 2 times the Si content (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe + 2 ⁇ Si) (mass%), and the left vertical axis is the conductivity (% IACS). ).
- the sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe + 2 ⁇ Si) was obtained by the substitution method based on the sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe) shown in FIG. Specifically, assuming a sum (5 ⁇ Zr + Fe + ⁇ ⁇ Si) when the coefficient of Si is ⁇ , ⁇ is substituted every 0.5 to obtain the relationship with conductivity, and high conductivity (61% IACS) The above values were obtained.
- the aluminum alloy wire having the above-described high electrical conductivity and excellent heat resistance in a well-balanced manner has the above-described specific composition and the cooling rate during casting is increased. It can be seen that it can be manufactured. Quantitatively, it can be said that the cooling rate is preferably 5 ° C./second or more, more preferably 7 ° C./second or more.
- Test Example 2 A plurality of Al alloy wires produced in Test Example 1 were twisted to produce a stranded wire, and the characteristics were examined.
- Al alloy wires (sample No. 1-1 to No. 1-11, No. 1-14, No. 1-101 to No. 1-106) having a wire diameter of 3.2 mm were prepared, The following stranded wire a to stranded wire c having different conductor cross-sectional areas were produced.
- the stranded wire a has a conductor cross-sectional area of 300 mm 2 and assumes a heat-resistant aluminum alloy stranded wire (TAI).
- the stranded wire a is a concentric stranded wire that is concentrically stranded using 37 Al alloy wires having a wire diameter of 3.2 mm.
- the stranded wire b assumes a TACSR having a conductor cross-sectional area of 240 mm 2 , a tension member at the center, and a stranded portion of an Al alloy wire at the outer periphery thereof.
- the tension member is a concentric stranded wire made of seven galvanized steel wires having a wire diameter of 3.2 mm and concentrically stranded.
- the stranded wire b is formed by twisting an Al alloy wire on the outer periphery of the tension member using a total of 30 Al alloy wires having a wire diameter of 3.2 mm (see also FIG. 1).
- the stranded wire c is obtained by using an aluminum-coated steel wire as the strand of the tension member in the stranded wire b.
- the obtained stranded wire a to stranded wire c were examined for electrical resistance ( ⁇ / km), tensile load at room temperature (kN), and heat resistance (kN). Tables 2 to 4 show the measurement results of the stranded wire a to stranded wire c, respectively.
- the electrical resistance ( ⁇ / km) was measured by the 4-terminal method. The measurement was performed at room temperature (here, 20 ° C.), and the gauge distance GL was 1 m.
- the tensile load (kN) was measured in accordance with the JEC-3404 standard of the electrical standard survey committee of the Japan Society of Electrical Engineers.
- the heat resistance was evaluated by the following tensile load (kN) after heating.
- the stranded wire a to stranded wire c of each sample are held at 230 ° C. for 1 hour in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and then cooled to room temperature (about 20 ° C. here).
- the tensile load of each sample was measured according to the above-mentioned JEC-3404. The greater the tensile load after heating, the better the heat resistance.
- stranded wire a to c sample group 1-101-No. 1-106, no. 2-101-No. 2-106, no. 3-101-No. It can be seen that it has a low electrical resistance, a high tensile load and excellent heat resistance in a well-balanced manner compared to each of 3-106 stranded wires.
- the stranded wire a sample group has an electric resistance of 0.0968 ⁇ / km or less, a tensile load at room temperature of 46.7 kN or more, and heating at 230 ° C. ⁇ 1 h.
- the later tensile load is 42.8 kN or more.
- the twisted wire a sample group has a residual ratio of the tensile load after the heating with respect to the initial tensile load (room temperature tensile load) of 90% or more, more preferably 91% or more, and 91.5% or more, and is excellent in heat resistance. I understand.
- the stranded wire b sample group has an electric resistance of 0.116 ⁇ / km or less, a tensile load at room temperature of 104.7 kN or more, and a tensile load after heating at 230 ° C. ⁇ 1 h. 101.5 kN or more.
- the stranded wire b sample group has a residual ratio of the above-described tensile load of 95% or more, more preferably 96% or more, and 96.5% or more.
- the stranded wire c sample group has an electric resistance of 0.110 ⁇ / km or less, a tensile load at room temperature of 104.7 kN or more, and a tensile load after heating at 230 ° C. ⁇ 1 h of 101. More than 2kN.
- the stranded wire c sample group has a residual ratio of the above-described tensile load of 95% or more, more preferably 96% or more, and 96.5% or more, and it is understood that the heat resistance is excellent.
- the reason why such a result was obtained is that the stranded wire samples a to c have high conductivity, high tensile strength at room temperature, and excellent heat resistance. 1-1-No. 1-12, No. 1 This is presumably because of having an Al alloy wire of 1-14.
- the following can be understood from this test. (1) Since the stranded wire a sample group has a conductor cross-sectional area larger than that of the stranded wire b and c sample groups, the electrical resistance is lower. (2) Since the stranded wire b and c sample groups are provided with tension members, the tensile load after heating and the above-described heating is larger and higher strength than the stranded wire a sample group. (3) Since the stranded wire c sample group includes the aluminum-coated steel wire, the electrical resistance is lower than that of the stranded wire b sample group.
- Test examples 1 and 2 show that an aluminum alloy wire made of an aluminum alloy having a specific composition containing Si, Fe, and Zn in a specific range can achieve both high conductivity and excellent heat resistance. It was. Moreover, it was shown that the overhead power transmission line using the aluminum alloy wire as the element wire can achieve both low electric resistance and excellent heat resistance.
- the present invention is not limited to these exemplifications, but is defined by the scope of the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the scope of the claims.
- the composition, wire diameter, manufacturing conditions such as the cooling rate at the time of casting, the composition of the aluminum alloy of Test Example 1, the composition of the wire used for the twisted wire of Test Example 2, the wire diameter, the number of wires, etc. can be changed as appropriate. it can.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年09月30日付の日本国出願の特願2016-193970に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本国出願に記載された全ての記載内容を援用するものである。
Siを0質量%以上0.03質量%以下、
Feを0.05質量%以上0.25質量%以下、
Zrを0.01質量%以上0.05質量%以下含有し、
残部がAl及び不純物から構成され、
線径が1.5mm超である。
上記のアルミニウム合金線が複数撚り合わされてなる撚線部を含む。
Siを0質量%以上0.03質量%以下、Feを0.05質量%以上0.25質量%以下、Zrを0.01質量%以上0.05質量%以下含有し、残部がAl及び不純物から構成されるアルミニウム合金を鋳造して鋳造材を製造する鋳造工程と、
前記鋳造材に、圧延加工及び伸線加工の少なくとも一方を含む塑性加工を施して、線径が1.5mm超の線材を製造する加工工程とを備え、
前記鋳造工程では、鋳造時の冷却速度を5℃/秒以上とする。
昨今の電力事情を鑑みると、送電損失をより低減することが望まれる。送電損失の低減には、架空送電線や配電線の電気抵抗を低下することが好ましい。上記電気抵抗の低下には、上記架空送電線や配電線などに備える導体の導電率をより高めることが好ましい。上述の従来の導電用耐熱アルミ合金線では、導電率が十分に高いとはいえず、導電率の更なる向上が望まれる。
上記の本開示のアルミニウム合金線は、高い導電率と優れた耐熱性とをバランスよく備える。上記の本開示の架空送電線は、低い電気抵抗と優れた耐熱性とをバランスよく備える。
本発明者らは、Siをある程度含有すると、具体的には0.03質量%超、更には0.05質量%以上含有すると強度を高め易いものの、SiはZr及びFeに比較して耐熱性の向上に対する寄与が低いとの知見を得た。一方、Siを十分に低減すれば導電率を向上できるとの知見を得た。また、Siの低減によって、SiとZrやFeとが凝固時に化合物を形成して晶出・析出することを防ぐことができ、Zr及びFeが母相であるAlに固溶し易くなる結果、これらの固溶によって、耐熱性に優れる上に強度にも優れるとの知見を得た。更に、Zr及びFeを適切に固溶できるため、Zr及びFeの含有量がより少ない場合でも、耐熱性及び強度がある程度高い上に、Zr及びFeの低減によって導電率をより高められるとの知見を得た。本願発明は、上記の知見に基づくものである。
最初に本願発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
Siを0質量%以上0.03質量%以下、
Feを0.05質量%以上0.25質量%以下、
Zrを0.01質量%以上0.05質量%以下含有し、
残部がAl及び不純物から構成され、
線径が1.5mm超である。
Zrの含有量の5倍と、Feの含有量との和(5×Zr+Fe)が0.17質量%以上である形態が挙げられる。
Zrの含有量の5倍と、Feの含有量と、Siの含有量の2倍との和(5×Zr+Fe+2×Si)が0.34質量%以下である形態が挙げられる。
室温での導電率が61%IACS以上である形態が挙げられる。上記室温とは20℃±15℃程度とする。以下、室温について同様とする。
230℃で1時間加熱後の引張強さの残存率が90%以上である形態が挙げられる。
室温での引張強さが耐熱アルミ合金電線 電気学会電気規格調査会標準規格 JEC-3406において、径ごとに規定される平均の引張強さ以上である形態が挙げられる。
Siを0.01質量%以上含有する形態が挙げられる。
上記(1)から(7)のいずれか一つに記載のアルミニウム合金線が複数撚り合わされてなる撚線部を含む。
鋼線を含むテンションメンバと、前記テンションメンバの外周に複数の前記アルミニウム合金線が撚り合わされてなる前記撚線部とを備える形態が挙げられる。
前記テンションメンバは、アルミニウム被覆鋼線及び亜鉛めっき鋼線の少なくとも一方を含む形態が挙げられる。
Siを0質量%以上0.03質量%以下、Feを0.05質量%以上0.25質量%以下、Zrを0.01質量%以上0.05質量%以下含有し、残部がAl及び不純物から構成されるアルミニウム合金を鋳造して鋳造材を製造する鋳造工程と、
前記鋳造材に、圧延加工及び伸線加工の少なくとも一方を含む塑性加工を施して、線径が1.5mm超の線材を製造する加工工程とを備え、
前記鋳造工程では、鋳造時の冷却速度を5℃/秒以上とする。
Zr及びFeを特定の範囲で含有すると共に、鋳造時の冷却速度を特定の大きさとして急冷するため、両元素を良好に固溶できる。特に、Siの含有量を非常に少なくするため、Zr及びFeが母相に固溶し易いことからも、Zr及びFeを十分に固溶できる。かつ、時効処理などの熱処理を行わないことで、Zr及びFeが固溶したAl合金線を得易い。また、急冷によって微細な結晶組織の鋳造材とし易く、最終的にも微細な結晶組織を有するAl合金線を得易い。このようなAl合金線は、定性的には高温時に引張強さなどの強度の低下が少なく、耐熱性に優れる線材であるからである。
(導電性)
Siの含有量が非常に少ないため、Si自体の含有による導電率の低下を抑制できるからである。上述のようにZr及びFeの含有量をより低減した場合には、導電率の低下をより抑制し易いからである。
(生産性)
時効処理などの熱処理を別途行うことなく、耐熱性及び導電性に優れる上記のAl合金線を製造できるからである。
前記加工工程では、冷間加工を含み、前記冷間加工開始時の素材の線径を8mm以上15mm以下とする形態が挙げられる。
以下、本願発明の実施形態を具体的に説明する。元素の含有量は、断りが無い限り質量%を示す。
(組成)
実施形態のアルミニウム合金線(Al合金線)は、電線などの導体に適した線材であり、Zr及びFeを必須元素とし、適宜Siを含む特定の組成のアルミニウム合金(Al合金)で構成されることを特徴の一つとする。上記のAl合金は、Siを0%以上0.03%以下、Feを0.05%以上0.25%以下、Zrを0.01%以上0.05%以下含有し、残部がAl及び不純物から構成される耐熱性Al合金である。上記不純物とは不可避なものをいう。まず、各添加元素を詳細に説明する。
Al合金中のFeは、主として母相であるAlに固溶して固溶強化元素として機能する。Feの固溶によって室温での引張強さといった強度を高められる。また、Feの固溶によって高温時に引張強さが低下し難く、耐熱性の向上に寄与する。Feの一部がAlとの化合物(Al3Fe,Al6Feなどの析出物)として存在することを許容する。このFeを含む析出物は、析出強化に寄与すると考えられるからである。
Feを0.25%以下の範囲で含有すると、固溶したFeやFeを含む化合物による導電率の低下を抑制し易く、導電率が高いAl合金線とすることができる。高導電性などを望む場合には、Feの含有量を0.2%以下、更に0.15%以下とすることができる。
Zrは、特に耐熱性の向上に寄与する。詳しくは、Zrは、主として、母相であるAlに固溶して存在し、高温時の強度の低下を抑制して高温時でも高い強度を維持することに寄与する。
Zrを0.05%以下の範囲で含有すると、Zrの固溶量の増大による導電率の低下を抑制して、導電率が高いAl合金線とすることができる。高導電率などを望む場合には、Zrの含有量を0.04%以下、更に0.03%以下とすることができる。
Zr及びFeの含有量が上述の特定の範囲を満たすことに加えて、両元素が特定の関係を満たすと、耐熱性に優れて好ましい。具体的には、Zrの含有量の5倍と、Feの含有量との和を(5×Zr+Fe)とするとき、この和(5×Zr+Fe)が質量割合で0.17%以上を満たすことが好ましい。この和(5×Zr+Fe)は特許文献1に基づくものである。
実施形態のAl合金線を構成するAl合金は、導電率の更なる向上の観点から、Siの含有量が0%であり、Siを含まない形態とすることができる。Siは、Zr及びFeに比較して、耐熱性の向上効果が高くない。逆に、Siを含まない場合、Zr及びFeがSiと化合物を形成することに消費されず、母相のAlに十分に固溶できるため、Zr及びFeの固溶による強度の向上効果、耐熱性の向上効果を良好に得られると考えられる。従って、Siを含まない形態は、高い導電率と優れた耐熱性とをバランスよく備えられる。
Siを上記の範囲で含む場合(0%超の場合)、Zr,Fe,Siの含有量が上述の特定の範囲を満たすことに加えて、これら三つの元素が特定の関係を満たすと、高い導電率を有し易く好ましい。具体的には、Zrの含有量の5倍と、Feの含有量と、Siの含有量の2倍との和を(5×Zr+Fe+2×Si)とするとき、この和(5×Zr+Fe+2×Si)が質量割合で0.34%以下を満たすことが好ましい。この和の求め方は後述する。
実施形態のAl合金線を構成するAl合金の組織として、Fe及びZrが主として固溶する組織が挙げられる。また、上記Al合金の組織として、微細な結晶組織が挙げられる。後述するように鋳造時に特定の速度で急冷することで微細な結晶組織を有する鋳造材が得られる。この鋳造材に圧延加工や伸線加工などの塑性加工を施してAl合金線を製造することで、Al合金線は微細な結晶組織を有し易い。Feの一部とAlとを含む析出物が均一的に分散して存在することを許容する。
・耐熱性
実施形態のAl合金線は、耐熱性に優れる。定量的には、230℃で1時間加熱後の引張強さの残存率が90%以上である形態が挙げられる。上記残存率は、[上記加熱後の引張強さ/室温での引張強さ]×100(%)とする。上記残存率が大きいほど、高温時の強度の低下が少なく耐熱性に優れるため、91%以上、更に92%以上、93%以上がより好ましい。
実施形態のAl合金線は、強度が高い。定量的には、室温での引張強さが耐熱アルミ合金電線 電気学会電気規格調査会標準規格 JEC-3406において、径ごとに規定される平均の引張強さ以上である形態が挙げられる。具体的には、以下が挙げられる。
線径2.6mm以上3.2mm未満のとき;179MPa以上
線径3.2mm以上3.7mm未満のとき;172MPa以上
線径3.7mm以上4.0mm未満のとき;169MPa以上
線径4.0mm以上5.0mm以下のとき;165MPa以上
上記の平均の引張強さが高いほど、高温時に強度が低下しても、残存する引張強さが高くなり易い。高強度などを望む場合には、Al合金線の引張強さを、上記平均の引張強さ+3MPa以上、上記平均の引張強さ+5MPa以上とすることができる。
実施形態のAl合金線は、導電性に優れる。定量的には、室温での導電率が61%IACS以上を満たす形態が挙げられる。上記導電率が高いほど、電気抵抗が低くなり易く、送電損失を低減できて好ましいため、上記導電率を61.1%IACS以上、更に61.2%IACS以上、61.3%IACS以上とすることができる。
実施形態のAl合金線は、代表的には、製造過程で伸線加工度(減面率)などの加工度を調整することで、種々の線径とすることができる。用途(後述)に応じて、線径(断面積)を適宜選択できる。特に、実施形態のAl合金線の線径を1.5mm超とすることで、TACSRなどの耐熱架空送電線の導体に適する。TACSRの規格線径は、例えば、2.3mm以上5.0mm以下が挙げられる。なお、実施形態のAl合金線の代表的な形状としては、横断面形状が円形である丸線が挙げられる。
実施形態のAl合金線は、電線、特に架空送電線などの裸電線、配電線などの被覆電線といった電力供給に利用される電線の導体に利用できる。実施形態のAl合金線は、上述のように導電性及び耐熱性の双方に優れるため、耐熱性が望まれる用途の電線、代表的にはTACSRなどといった耐熱架空送電線の素線に好適に利用できる。
実施形態の架空送電線1は、図1に示すように、実施形態のAl合金線12を複数撚り合せてなる撚線部2を備える。架空送電線1は、代表的には、複数の素線(図1ではAl合金線12及び後述の鋼線13)が同心撚りにされてなる同心撚線が挙げられる。架空送電線1の一例として、素線が全てAl合金線12である同心撚線が挙げられる。架空送電線1の別例として、図1に示すように、その中心部にテンションメンバ3を備え、テンションメンバ3の外周に複数のAl合金線12が撚り合わされてなる撚線部2を備える同心撚線が挙げられる。テンションメンバ3をなす素線は、裸鋼線、アルミニウム被覆鋼線、及び亜鉛めっき鋼線の少なくとも一種の鋼線13を含むことが挙げられる。撚線部2をなすAl合金線12の線径(1.5mm超)や素線数、テンションメンバ3をなす鋼線13などの素線の線径や素線数などは、所定の導体断面積、引張荷重などを有するように適宜選択することができる。
実施形態のAl合金線は、特定の組成のAl合金で構成されるため、従来よりも高い導電率を有しながら、従来と同等程度以上の耐熱性を有することができ、高い導電率と優れた耐熱性とをバランスよく備える。この効果を試験例1で具体的に説明する。
実施形態のAl合金線は、例えば、以下の鋳造工程と、加工工程とを備える実施形態のアルミニウム合金線(Al合金線)の製造方法によって製造できる。この製造方法の概要を述べると、上述した特定の組成のAl合金を鋳造した後、鋳造材に塑性加工を施して線材を形成する。特に、鋳造時の冷却速度を特定の範囲の急冷とする。また、実施形態のAl合金線の製造方法は、鋳造以降、時効処理といった熱処理を別途施すことなく、高導電率で耐熱性にも優れる実施形態のAl合金線を製造でき、製造性にも優れる。
(加工工程)上記鋳造材に、圧延加工及び伸線加工の少なくとも一方を含む塑性加工を施して、線径が1.5mm超の線材を製造する。
鋳造工程では、鋳造時の冷却速度を5℃/秒以上とする。
以下、工程ごとに説明する。
この工程では、原料を用意して、特定の組成のAl合金の溶湯を作製し、この溶湯を鋳造に供する。特に、この鋳造時にZrとFeとをAlに固溶させて過飽和固溶体を形成するために、Si量を調整すると共に、冷却速度を上述のように大きくする。
この工程は、上述のように添加元素を十分に固溶した鋳造材に塑性加工を施して、所定の線径の線材を製造する。特に、実施形態のAl合金線の製造方法では、この加工前、加工中、加工後のいずれにも時効処理を行わないため、固溶状態を維持し易く、加工硬化による強度の向上効果を得易い。また、添加元素の含有量が特定の範囲であるため、添加元素の固溶による導電率の低下を抑制できる。従って、導電率、耐熱性、強度に優れるAl合金線を生産性よく製造できる。また、Siの含有量が少ないことで、更にはZr及びFeの含有量も少なくすることで、粗大な化合物を形成し難く、粗大な化合物粒子に起因する断線なども低減し易く、上記Al合金線を生産性よく製造できる。
種々の組成のアルミニウム合金線を以下のようにして作製し、特性を調べた。
導電率は、直流4端子法で測定した。ここでは、市販の電気抵抗測定装置を用いた。測定は室温(ここでは20℃程度)で行い、標点距離GLを500mmとした。
引張強さは、JIS Z 2241(金属材料引張試験方法、1998年)に準拠して、汎用の引張試験機を用いて測定した。測定は、室温(ここでは20℃程度)で行い、標点距離GLを100mmとした。
ここでは、各試料の伸線材を、電気炉を用いて230±1℃まで昇温して(昇温にかかる時間は20分以内とする)、230℃で1時間保持した後、室温(ここでは20℃程度)まで冷却し、上述の室温での引張強さの測定方法と同様にして、この加熱後の引張強さを測定した。そして、[上記加熱後の引張強さ/室温での引張強さ]×100(%)を残存率とした。この残存率が大きいほど、耐熱性に優れる。
(1)Zrを0.019質量%以上、かつFeを0.11質量%以上含むと、耐熱性が93%以上であり、耐熱性により優れる(試料No.1-1~No.1-3,No.1-6,No.1-10)。
(2)Zrが0.05質量%以下の範囲で多ければ、Feがある程度少ない場合でも、耐熱性に優れる(試料No.1-7)。
(3)Feが0.25質量%以下の範囲で多ければ、Zrがある程度少ない場合でも、耐熱性に優れる(試料No.1-8)。
試験例1で作製したAl合金線を複数撚り合せて撚線を作製し、特性を調べた。
電気抵抗(Ω/km)は、4端子法によって測定した。測定は、室温(ここでは20℃)で行い、標点距離GLを1mとした。
引張荷重(kN)は、耐熱アルミ合金電線 電気学会電気規格調査会標準規格 JEC-3404に準拠して測定した。
ここでは、各試料の撚線a~撚線cを、試験例1と同様にして、230℃で1時間保持した後、室温(ここでは20℃程度)まで冷却する。冷却後に、各試料の引張荷重を上述のJEC-3404に準拠して測定した。この加熱後の引張荷重が大きいほど、耐熱性に優れる。
撚線b試料群は、表3に示すように、電気抵抗が0.116Ω/km以下であり、室温での引張荷重が104.7kN以上であり、230℃×1hの加熱後の引張荷重が101.5kN以上である。撚線b試料群は、上述の引張荷重の残存率が95%以上、更に96%以上、96.5%以上であり、耐熱性に優れることが分かる。
撚線c試料群は、表4に示すように、電気抵抗が0.110Ω/km以下あり、室温での引張荷重が104.7kN以上であり、230℃×1hの加熱後の引張荷重が101.2kN以上である。撚線c試料群は、上述の引張荷重の残存率が95%以上、更に96%以上、96.5%以上であり、耐熱性に優れることが分かる。
このような結果が得られた理由として、撚線a~c試料群は、導電率が高く、室温での引張強さも高く、更に耐熱性にも優れる試料No.1-1~No.1-12,No.1-14のAl合金線を備えるためと考えられる。
(1)撚線a試料群は、撚線b,c試料群よりも導体断面積が大きいため、電気抵抗がより低い。
(2)撚線b,c試料群は、テンションメンバを備えるため、撚線a試料群よりも、室温及び上述の加熱後の引張荷重が大きく、高強度である。
(3)撚線c試料群は、アルミニウム被覆鋼線を備えるため、撚線b試料群よりも電気抵抗がより低い。
例えば、試験例1のアルミニウム合金の組成や線径、鋳造時の冷却速度などの製造条件、試験例2の撚線に用いる素線の組成や線径、素線数などを適宜変更することができる。
2 撚線部
3 テンションメンバ
12 アルミニウム合金線(Al合金線)
13 鋼線
Claims (12)
- Siを0質量%以上0.03質量%以下、
Feを0.05質量%以上0.25質量%以下、
Zrを0.01質量%以上0.05質量%以下含有し、
残部がAl及び不純物から構成され、
線径が1.5mm超であるアルミニウム合金線。 - Zrの含有量の5倍と、Feの含有量との和(5×Zr+Fe)が0.17質量%以上である請求項1に記載のアルミニウム合金線。
- Zrの含有量の5倍と、Feの含有量と、Siの含有量の2倍との和(5×Zr+Fe+2×Si)が0.34質量%以下である請求項1又は請求項2に記載のアルミニウム合金線。
- 室温での導電率が61%IACS以上である請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線。
- 230℃で1時間加熱後の引張強さの残存率が90%以上である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線。
- 室温での引張強さが耐熱アルミ合金電線 電気学会電気規格調査会標準規格 JEC-3406において、径ごとに規定される平均の引張強さ以上である請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線。
- Siを0.01質量%以上含有する請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線。
- 請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線が複数撚り合わされてなる撚線部を含む架空送電線。
- 鋼線を含むテンションメンバと、前記テンションメンバの外周に複数の前記アルミニウム合金線が撚り合わされてなる前記撚線部とを備える架空送電線。
- 前記テンションメンバは、アルミニウム被覆鋼線及び亜鉛めっき鋼線の少なくとも一方を含む請求項9に記載の架空送電線。
- Siを0質量%以上0.03質量%以下、Feを0.05質量%以上0.25質量%以下、Zrを0.01質量%以上0.05質量%以下含有し、残部がAl及び不純物から構成されるアルミニウム合金を鋳造して鋳造材を製造する鋳造工程と、
前記鋳造材に、圧延加工及び伸線加工の少なくとも一方を含む塑性加工を施して、線径が1.5mm超の線材を製造する加工工程とを備え、
前記鋳造工程では、鋳造時の冷却速度を5℃/秒以上とするアルミニウム合金線の製造方法。 - 前記加工工程では、冷間加工を含み、前記冷間加工開始時の素材の線径を8mm以上15mm以下とする請求項11に記載のアルミニウム合金線の製造方法。
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