WO2018056088A1 - 水力発電システム - Google Patents
水力発電システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018056088A1 WO2018056088A1 PCT/JP2017/032620 JP2017032620W WO2018056088A1 WO 2018056088 A1 WO2018056088 A1 WO 2018056088A1 JP 2017032620 W JP2017032620 W JP 2017032620W WO 2018056088 A1 WO2018056088 A1 WO 2018056088A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- flow rate
- fluid
- value
- generator
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/08—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/16—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by power output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/20—Application within closed fluid conduits, e.g. pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydroelectric power generation system.
- hydroelectric power generation system that generates power using a fluid (for example, water) flowing through a water channel (for example, a pipeline).
- a fluid for example, water
- a water channel for example, a pipeline
- a water turbine fluid machine
- the generator connected to the water wheel is driven.
- the output power of the generator is supplied to an electric power system (for example, commercial power source) by, for example, reverse power flow.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned problem, and aims to enable control of electric power while maintaining a physical quantity (for example, total flow rate) of a fluid at a desired value.
- the first aspect is A fluid machine (W) disposed in the flow path (1) through which the fluid flows; A generator (G) driven by the fluid machine (W); A control unit (20, 30) for controlling the power generated by the generator (G) and supplying the power generated by the generator (G) to the power system (5); A power information acquisition unit (32) that acquires power supply and demand information including power that the power system (5) can accept or information correlated with the power; A fluid information acquisition unit (17, 18) for acquiring fluid information including information correlated with a physical quantity in the fluid flowing out of the flow path (1); With The control unit (20, 30) uses the power supply and demand information to control the power supplied to the power system (5) below the power that the power system (5) can accept, while the fluid information And controlling at least one of the physical quantity and the generated power of the flow path (1) or the generator (G) so that the physical quantity becomes a desired value. It is.
- the hydroelectric power generation system is controlled in consideration of both the power of the generator (G) and the physical quantity in the fluid.
- the second aspect is the first aspect,
- the flow path (1) is provided with a bypass (13) of the fluid machine (W),
- the physical quantity includes a total flow rate (QT) of the fluid in the flow path (1),
- the controller (20, 30) controls the fluid flow rate (Q2) in the bypass (13) to bring the total flow rate (QT) closer to a predetermined target total flow rate (QT *).
- the total flow rate (QT) is controlled to the desired target total flow rate (QT *) by controlling the flow rate of the bypass (13) along with the generated power.
- the third aspect is the first aspect or the second aspect
- the control unit (20, 30) is a detectable characteristic related to the generator (G), and is based on a characteristic that correlates with a flow rate (Q1) and an effective head (H) in the fluid machine (W).
- the flow rate (Q1) and the effective head (H) in the fluid machine (W) are estimated, and the relationship between the effective head (H) and the total flow rate (QT) in the flow path (1) is shown.
- the total flow rate (QT) is estimated based on the flow resistance characteristic line (S), the estimated flow rate (Q1), and the effective head (H).
- the fourth aspect is any one of the first to third aspects.
- the flow path (1) is a pipe line, A flow control valve (15) connected in series to the fluid machine (W) and controlling the flow rate of the fluid flowing into the fluid machine (W);
- the value of the physical quantity includes the pressure (P2) of the fluid flowing out of the flow path (1),
- the controller (20, 30) is characterized in that the pressure (P2) is brought close to a predetermined target pressure (P *) by controlling the opening degree of the flow control valve (15).
- the fluid pressure (P2) is controlled to the desired target pressure (P *) by controlling the flow rate control valve (15) as well as the generated power.
- the fifth aspect is any one of the first to fourth aspects.
- the said control part (20,30) acquires the said electric power supply-and-demand information based on the voltage value (Vac) of the distribution line of the said electric power grid
- the power that can be accepted by the power system (5) is detected by the voltage value (Vac).
- a sixth aspect is any one of the first to fifth aspects,
- the control unit (20, 30) supplies a part or all of the generated power to the power consumption unit (40) so that the power supplied to the power system (5) becomes a desired value. It is a characteristic hydroelectric power generation system.
- the power supplied to the power system (5) is adjusted by the power consumption unit (40), so that the control unit (20, 30) is changed to the generator controller (20) as in the embodiment described later.
- the grid interconnection inverter (30), the power suppression by the grid interconnection inverter (30) and the power suppression by the generator controller (20) can be easily linked.
- a seventh aspect is any one of the first to sixth aspects,
- the control unit (20, 30) controls the flow rate (Q1) in the fluid machine (W) so that the power supplied to the power system (5) becomes a desired value. System.
- the power supplied to the power system (5) is adjusted by controlling the flow rate (Q1) in the fluid machine (W).
- control unit (20, 30) controls the generated power while controlling the opening of the flow control valve (15) so that the power supplied to the power system (5) becomes a desired value.
- This is a hydroelectric power generation system characterized by this.
- the first aspect it is possible to control the power supplied while maintaining the physical quantity of the fluid at a desired value.
- the cost of the hydroelectric power generation system can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall schematic configuration of a pipeline including a hydroelectric power generation system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a power system diagram of the hydroelectric power generation system.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of control performed in the hydroelectric power generation system.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of control performed in the hydraulic power generation system according to the modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the generator controller and the grid interconnection inverter in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of control performed in the hydraulic power generation system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a characteristic map of the fluid system.
- FIG. 8 shows an overall schematic configuration of a pipeline including the hydroelectric power generation system of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a power system diagram of the hydroelectric power generation system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic map for explaining the concept of control in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall schematic configuration of a pipe line (1) including a hydroelectric power generation system (10) according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- This pipe line (1) has a drop and fluid flows, and is an example of the flow path of the present invention.
- the pipe line (1) is a part of the water supply (4).
- the water supply (4) is provided with a storage tank (2) and a water receiving tank (3).
- the pipe line (1) of the present embodiment includes a storage tank (2) and the storage tank (2). It arrange
- FIG. 1 is a power system diagram of the hydroelectric power generation system (10).
- the hydroelectric power generation system (10) includes a generator controller (20), a grid interconnection inverter (30), and a regenerative resistor (40). I have.
- the generated power is supplied to the power system (5).
- the power system (5) is a so-called commercial power source, and the hydroelectric power generation system (10) performs so-called power sale by supplying power to the commercial power source (5) (so-called reverse power flow).
- the generator (G) is controlled so that the generator (G) has a rated output, and power is supplied to the power system (5) (normally Called driving).
- the rated output is the maximum power output of the generator (G) that can be exhibited in the hydroelectric power generation system (10).
- the generated power is set so that the AC voltage value (Vac) of the distribution line of the power system (5) falls within a predetermined voltage regulation range (Vr). Control.
- the operation for suppressing the power supplied to the power system (5) (described later) Power generation suppression operation).
- the total flow rate (QT) is controlled to a predetermined target total flow rate (QT *) during both the normal operation and the generated power suppression operation.
- the water wheel (W) is disposed in the middle of the pipe line (1) and is an example of the hydraulic machine of the present invention.
- the water wheel (W) includes an impeller and a casing (both are not shown).
- An impeller provided for the spiral pump is used for the impeller.
- a rotation shaft (19) is fixed to the center of the impeller.
- the impeller rotates by receiving pressure from a water flow (not shown) formed in the casing and rotates the rotating shaft (19).
- the fluid flowing into the water wheel (W) is discharged from a fluid discharge port (not shown) formed in the casing.
- the generator (G) is connected to the rotating shaft (19) of the water turbine (W) and is rotationally driven to generate power.
- the generator (G) includes a permanent magnet embedded rotor and a stator having a coil (both not shown).
- a inflow pipe (11), an outflow pipe (14), a first branch pipe (12), and a second branch pipe (13) are connected to the pipe line (1).
- the pipe line (1) of the present embodiment is constituted by a metal pipe (for example, a ductile cast iron pipe).
- a storage tank (2) is connected to the inflow end of the inflow pipe (11).
- a water receiving tank (3) is connected to the outflow end of the outflow pipe (14).
- a first branch pipe (12) and a second branch pipe (13) are connected in parallel between the inflow pipe (11) and the outflow pipe (14).
- a 1st branch pipe (12) comprises the flow path by the side of the water turbine through which the water which drives a water turbine (W) flows.
- the second branch pipe (13) constitutes a detour that bypasses the water turbine (W).
- the first branch pipe (12) has a first flow meter (17), a first motor-operated valve (15), and a water wheel (W) (in detail, a fluid inlet of the water wheel (W) in this order from upstream to downstream. ) Is connected.
- An outflow pipe (14) is connected to the fluid discharge port of the water turbine (W).
- a second flow meter (18) and a second motor-operated valve (16) are connected to the second branch pipe (13) in order from upstream to downstream.
- the first flow meter (17) and the second flow meter (18) are configured to be operated by electricity.
- the first flow meter (17) detects the flow rate of water flowing through the water turbine (W) and outputs a detection signal.
- the second flow meter (18) detects the flow rate of water flowing through the second branch pipe (13), and outputs a detection signal.
- the first motor-operated valve (15) and the second motor-operated valve (16) control the flow rate of fluid by driving the valve body with an electric motor.
- the first motor-operated valve (15) is closed during maintenance or the like of the water turbine (W), and prohibits water from passing through the stopped water wheel (W).
- the first motor operated valve (15) is opened at a predetermined opening (for example, a fixed value) during operation of the hydroelectric power generation system (10).
- a 2nd motor operated valve (16) controls the flow volume of the water which flows through a 2nd branch pipe (13).
- the sum of the detected value of the first flow meter (17) and the detected value of the second flow meter (18) is the total flow rate (QT) of the fluid flowing out from the pipe (1).
- This total flow rate (QT) is an example of “fluid information including information correlated with a physical quantity in the fluid flowing out from the flow path” of the present invention.
- the first flow meter (17) and the second flow meter (18) constitute an example of the fluid information acquisition unit of the present invention.
- the AC / DC converter unit (21) includes a plurality of switching elements, and switches power (AC power) generated by the generator (G) to convert it into DC power.
- the DC power is smoothed by a smoothing capacitor (not shown) and supplied to the grid interconnection inverter (30).
- the DC voltage detector (22) detects the output voltage of the AC / DC converter (21).
- the detected value (DC voltage (Vdc)) by the DC voltage detection unit (22) is transmitted to the flow rate command determination unit (24).
- the flow rate detection unit (23) reads the detection values of the first flow meter (17) and the second flow meter (18) and controls the detection value periodically or according to the request of the flow rate control unit (25). Part (25).
- the flow rate command determining unit (24) is configured using a microcomputer and a memory device storing a program for operating the microcomputer.
- the flow rate command determining unit (24) calculates the flow rate that is the target value of the flow rate (Q1) of the water turbine (W) from the target value of power and the target total flow rate (QT *) that is the target value of the total flow rate (QT). Determine the command value (Q1 *).
- the target value of power is normally a rated output described later, but in the hydroelectric power generation system (10), the target value is a detected value of the DC voltage detection unit (22) as described in detail later. Will be changed according to In order to generate the flow rate command value (Q1 *), for example, it is conceivable to use a function defined in the program in advance or a characteristic map (M) described later.
- the flow controller (25) is configured using a microcomputer and a memory device storing a program for operating the microcomputer.
- the microcomputer and the memory device may be shared with those constituting the flow rate command determining unit (24) or may be provided separately.
- the flow rate control unit (25) controls the generated power of the generator (G) by controlling switching in the AC / DC converter unit (21). Specifically, the flow rate control unit (25) performs feedback control according to the difference between the flow rate command value (Q1 *) and the current flow rate (Q1), thereby generating power ( Output voltage).
- the flow control unit (25) also controls the total flow rate (QT) in the pipe line (1).
- the flow control unit (25) has a difference between the target value of the total flow rate (QT) (hereinafter referred to as the target total flow rate (QT *)) of the pipe (1) and the current flow rate (Q1).
- the opening degree of the second motor operated valve (16) is controlled so as to flow through the two branch pipe (13).
- the grid interconnection inverter (30) includes an inverter unit (31), an AC voltage detection unit (32), and a voltage rise determination unit (33).
- the inverter unit (31) includes a plurality of switching elements, receives DC power from the generator controller (20), and converts the DC power into AC power by switching.
- the AC power generated by the inverter unit (31) is supplied (reverse power flow) to the power system (5).
- an inverter part (31) controls the electric power (voltage) made to flow backward to an electric power grid
- the AC voltage detection unit (32) acquires power supply and demand information including power that can be received by the power system (5) or information correlated with the power. That is, the AC voltage detection unit (32) is an example of the power information acquisition unit of the present invention. Specifically, the AC voltage detection unit (32) detects the voltage value (AC voltage value (Vac)) of the distribution line of the power system (5) as power supply and demand information. The AC voltage value (Vac) is transmitted to the voltage increase determination unit (33).
- the voltage increase determination unit (33) compares the AC voltage value (Vac) detected by the AC voltage detection unit (32) with a predetermined first threshold (Th1), and compares the result with the inverter unit (31). Output to.
- the first threshold value (Th1) may be determined in consideration of laws and regulations as an example. For example, in a commercial power supply (5) that supplies 100V AC, the law stipulates that the voltage on the distribution line is maintained in the range of 95V to 107V, and the voltage is likely to exceed the upper limit of the range. There is an example in which suppression of power supply (reverse power flow) on the power selling side is required. In such an example, 95V to 107V corresponds to the voltage regulation range (Vr), and the first threshold (Th1) is set to a voltage value slightly lower than 107V, which is the upper limit value of the voltage regulation range (Vr). Good.
- Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of electric power and flow rate control performed in the hydroelectric power generation system (10).
- the flow rate control unit (25) controls the switching in the AC / DC converter unit (21) so that the generated power of the generator (G) becomes a target value, and the pipeline
- the opening degree of the second motor-operated valve (16) is controlled so that the total flow rate (QT) of (1) becomes the target total flow rate (QT *).
- the flow rate control unit (25) causes the flow rate (Q1) of the water turbine (W) to flow rate by, for example, feedback control.
- the switching of the AC / DC converter unit (21) is controlled so as to become the command value (Q1 *).
- the output of the generator (G) converges to the target generated power.
- the flow control unit (25) opens the opening of the second motor operated valve (16). Adjust. At this time, the flow rate control unit (25) transmits the detected value of the second flow meter (18) and the target value of the flow rate (Q2) (target total flow rate (QT *)) transmitted from the flow rate detection unit (23). The opening degree of the second motor-operated valve (16) is adjusted while comparing with the flow rate (difference in Q1). For example, feedback control can be used for the opening adjustment.
- the target total flow rate (QT *) can be set to the total flow rate required by the manager of the water supply (4). This target total flow rate (QT *) may be a fixed value, or may be changed depending on the time zone, for example.
- step (S02) the AC voltage detector (32) detects the AC voltage value (Vac). That is, in this embodiment, power supply and demand information is acquired based on the AC voltage value (Vac) of the distribution line.
- step (S03) the voltage increase determination unit (33) compares the AC voltage value (Vac) with the first threshold value (Th1). The comparison result by the voltage rise determination unit (33) is output to the inverter unit (31).
- step (S04) when the AC voltage value (Vac) is larger than the first threshold value (Th1), the inverter unit (31) performs the process of step (S04).
- step (S04) the inverter unit (31) performs switching control to reduce the power (voltage) to be reversely flowed, and by turning on the switch (SW) connected to the regenerative resistor (40). Then, a part or all of the DC power output from the AC / DC converter unit (21) is consumed by the regenerative resistor (40) (this operation is referred to as generated power suppression operation). That is, the regenerative resistor (40) is an example of the power consumption unit of the present invention.
- step (S05) the DC voltage detection unit (22) detects the DC voltage (Vdc) of the AC / DC converter unit (21).
- Step (S06) the flow rate command determination unit (24) compares the DC voltage (Vdc) with a predetermined second threshold value (Th2). If the power (voltage) to be reversely flowed in step (S04) is reduced, the DC voltage (Vdc) may increase. As a result of the comparison in the flow rate command determination unit (24), when the DC voltage (Vdc)> the second threshold value (Th2), the process of step (S07) is performed.
- step (S07) the flow rate command determination unit (24) changes the target value of the generated power (reducing the target value), and based on the changed target value of the generated power, the flow rate command value (Q1 *) Is changed (the target value is reduced) to instruct the flow rate control unit (25) to perform the generated power suppression operation.
- step (S01) When the processing in step (S07) is completed, the processing in the generator controller (20) shifts to step (S01) (in this case, step (S01) may also be considered as part of the generated power suppression operation).
- step (S01) switching control in the AC / DC converter unit (21) is performed based on the flow rate command value (Q1 *).
- step (S07) When the process moves from step (S07) to step (S01), the flow rate command value (Q1 *) has been changed, and the flow rate (Q1) of the water turbine (W) decreases. As a result, the power generated by the generator (G) decreases, and the voltage of the distribution line falls within the voltage regulation range (Vr).
- the opening degree of the second motor-operated valve (16) is controlled by the flow rate control unit (25), and the total flow rate (QT) of the pipe (1) converges to the target total flow rate (QT *). That is, in this embodiment, it is possible to maintain the total flow rate (QT) at the target total flow rate (QT *) while controlling the power (distribution line voltage) to be reversely flowed to a desired value.
- step (S08) When the comparison result in step (S03) is AC voltage value (Vac) ⁇ first threshold value (Th1), or the comparison result in step (S06) is DC voltage (Vdc) ⁇ second threshold value (Th2) ), The process of step (S08) is performed.
- step (S08) when the generated power suppression operation is currently being performed, the switch (SW) is turned off to terminate the power consumption by the regenerative resistor (40).
- the flow rate command determination unit (24) corrects the flow rate command value (Q1 *) so as to restore the suppressed power. Specifically, the flow rate command determination unit (24) returns the flow rate command value (Q1 *) to the original value (value at the rated output) so that the generator (G) has a rated output.
- the flow control unit (25) controls the AC / DC converter unit (21) accordingly (step (S01)). Moreover, switching according to the rated output of a generator (G) is also performed in an inverter part (31), and the rated output in an inverter part (31) is performed (step (S01)). Thereby, normal operation is performed.
- the power is controlled while maintaining the physical quantity of fluid (here, the total flow rate (QT)) at a desired value. It becomes possible.
- step (S01) shown in the flowchart of FIG. 4 the flow rate control unit (25) controls switching in the AC / DC converter unit (21) so that the generated power of the generator (G) becomes a target value.
- the opening degree of the second motor-operated valve (16) is controlled so that the total flow rate (QT) of the pipe line (1) becomes the target total flow rate (QT *).
- the flow rate control unit (25) causes the flow rate (Q1) of the water turbine (W) to flow rate by, for example, feedback control.
- the switching of the AC / DC converter unit (21) is controlled so as to become the command value (Q1 *).
- the output of the generator (G) converges to the target generated power.
- the flow control unit (25) opens the opening of the second motor operated valve (16). Adjust. At this time, the flow rate control unit (25) transmits the detected value of the second flow meter (18) and the target value of the flow rate (Q2) (target total flow rate (QT *)) transmitted from the flow rate detection unit (23). The opening degree of the second motor-operated valve (16) is adjusted while comparing with the flow rate (difference in Q1). For example, feedback control can be used for the opening adjustment.
- the target total flow rate (QT *) can be set to the total flow rate required by the manager of the water supply (4). This target total flow rate (QT *) may be a fixed value, or may be changed depending on the time zone, for example.
- step (S02) the AC voltage detector (32) detects the AC voltage value (Vac). That is, in this embodiment, power supply and demand information is acquired based on the AC voltage value (Vac) of the distribution line.
- step (S03) the voltage increase determination unit (33) compares the AC voltage value (Vac) with the first threshold value (Th1). The comparison result by the voltage rise determination unit (33) is output to the inverter unit (31).
- step (S03) when the AC voltage value (Vac) is larger than the first threshold value (Th1), the inverter unit (31) performs the process of step (S04). In this step (S04), the inverter unit (31) performs switching control to reduce the power (voltage) to be reversely flowed (this operation is referred to as generated power suppression operation).
- step (S05) the DC voltage detection unit (22) detects the DC voltage (Vdc) of the AC / DC converter unit (21).
- Step (S06) the flow rate command determination unit (24) compares the DC voltage (Vdc) with a predetermined second threshold value (Th2). If the power (voltage) to be reversely flowed in step (S04) is reduced, the DC voltage (Vdc) may increase. As a result of the comparison in the flow rate command determination unit (24), when the DC voltage (Vdc)> the second threshold value (Th2), the process of step (S07) is performed.
- step (S07) of this modification by turning on the switch (SW) connected to the regenerative resistor (40), a part or all of the DC power output from the AC / DC converter unit (21) is regenerated. It is consumed with the vessel (40).
- the flow rate command determination unit (24) changes the target value of the generated power (reducing the target value), and based on the changed target value of the generated power, the flow rate command value (Q1 *) Is changed (the target value is reduced) to instruct the flow rate control unit (25) to control the generated power.
- step (S01) When the processing in step (S07) is completed, the processing in the generator controller (20) shifts to step (S01) (in this case, step (S01) may also be considered as part of the generated power suppression operation).
- step (S01) switching control in the AC / DC converter unit (21) is performed based on the flow rate command value (Q1 *).
- step (S07) When the process moves from step (S07) to step (S01), the flow rate command value (Q1 *) has been changed, and the flow rate (Q1) of the water turbine (W) decreases. As a result, the power generated by the generator (G) decreases, and the voltage of the distribution line falls within the voltage regulation range (Vr).
- the opening degree of the second motor-operated valve (16) is controlled by the flow rate control unit (25), and the total flow rate (QT) of the pipe (1) converges to the target total flow rate (QT *). That is, in this embodiment, it is possible to maintain the total flow rate (QT) at the target total flow rate (QT *) while controlling the power (distribution line voltage) to be reversely flowed to a desired value.
- step (S08) If the comparison result in step (S06) is DC voltage (Vdc) ⁇ second threshold (Th2), the process of step (S08) is performed.
- step (S08) the switch (SW) is turned off to end the power consumption by the regenerative resistor (40).
- the regenerative resistor (40) absorbs power during the period of DC voltage (Vdc)> second threshold (Th2), and the capacity of the regenerative resistor (40) absorbs excess power during that period. It is necessary to set the capacity so that it can.
- step (S08) when the generated power suppression operation is currently being performed, the flow rate command determination unit (24) sets the flow rate command value (Q1 * so as to restore the suppressed power to the original state. ). Specifically, the flow rate command determination unit (24) returns the flow rate command value (Q1 *) to the original value (value at the rated output) so that the generator (G) has a rated output.
- the flow control unit (25) controls the AC / DC converter unit (21) accordingly (step (S01)). Moreover, switching according to the rated output of a generator (G) is also performed in an inverter part (31), and the rated output in an inverter part (31) is performed (step (S01)). Thereby, normal operation is performed.
- step (S09) If the result of the comparison in step (S03) is AC voltage value (Vac) ⁇ first threshold (Th1), the process in step (S09) is performed. In step (S09), if the power generation suppression operation is currently being performed by the grid interconnection inverter (30), the grid interconnection inverter (30) is returned to the rated operation, and then the process proceeds to step (S05). To do.
- Embodiment 2 of the Invention another example of the generated power suppression operation will be described.
- the configurations of the generator controller (20) and the grid interconnection inverter (30) are different from those in the first embodiment.
- the regenerative resistor (40) and the switch (SW) are not provided.
- the present embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the generator controller (20) and the grid interconnection inverter (30) in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the generator controller (20) includes an AC / DC converter unit (21), a flow rate detection unit (23), a flow rate command determination unit (24), a flow rate control unit (25), and an AC voltage detection unit. (32) and a voltage rise determination unit (33). That is, the AC voltage detection unit (32) and the voltage rise determination unit (33) provided in the grid interconnection inverter (30) in the first embodiment are provided in the generator controller (20) in the present embodiment. Yes.
- the destination of the comparison result by the voltage rise determination unit (33) is the flow rate command determination unit (24).
- the flow rate command determination unit (24) generates a new flow rate command value (Q1 *) according to the comparison result transmitted from the voltage increase determination unit (33).
- a function defined in the program in advance or a characteristic map (M) described later for example, it is conceivable to use a function defined in the program in advance or a characteristic map (M) described later.
- the functions of the other components constituting the generator controller (20) are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the grid interconnection inverter (30) includes an inverter unit (31).
- the inverter unit (31) has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of electric power and flow rate control performed in the hydraulic power generation system (10) of the second embodiment.
- the flow rate control unit (25) controls the switching in the AC / DC converter unit (21) so that the generated power of the generator (G) becomes the target value.
- the opening degree of the second motor-operated valve (16) is controlled so that the total flow rate (QT) of the path (1) becomes the target total flow rate (QT *). That is, the control in this step (S11) is the same as in step (S01) of the first embodiment.
- step (S12) the AC voltage detector (32) detects the AC voltage value (Vac).
- the generator controller (20) detects the AC voltage value (Vac).
- step (S13) the voltage increase determination unit (33) compares the AC voltage value (Vac) with the first threshold value (Th1). The comparison result by the voltage increase determination unit (33) is output to the flow rate command determination unit (24).
- step (S14) As a result of the comparison in step (S13), when the AC voltage value (Vac) is larger than the first threshold value (Th1), the process of step (S14) is performed.
- the flow control unit (25) controls switching in the AC / DC converter unit (21) to reduce the power (voltage) to be reversely flowed (this operation is referred to as generated power suppression operation). ).
- the flow rate command determination unit (24) generates a new flow rate command value (Q1 *) according to the difference between the AC voltage value (Vac) and the target value, Is transmitted to the flow rate control unit (25).
- the flow rate command value (Q1 *) is reduced.
- the flow rate command value (Q1 *) can be generated using the same method as in the first embodiment.
- step (S11) may also be considered as part of the generated power suppression operation.
- step (S11) switching control in the AC / DC converter unit (21) is performed based on the flow rate command value (Q1 *).
- the flow rate command value (Q1 *) has been changed, and the torque value (T) and rotational speed (N) of the turbine (W) fluctuate.
- the flow rate (Q1) decreases.
- the power generated by the generator (G) decreases, and the voltage of the distribution line falls within the voltage regulation range (Vr).
- the opening degree of the second motor-operated valve (16) is controlled by the flow rate control unit (25), and the total flow rate (QT) of the pipe (1) converges to the target total flow rate (QT *). That is, in this embodiment, it is possible to maintain the total flow rate (QT) at the target total flow rate (QT *) while controlling the power (distribution line voltage) to be reversely flowed to a desired value.
- step (S15) If the result of the comparison in step (S13) is AC voltage value (Vac) ⁇ first threshold (Th1), the process in step (S15) is performed.
- the processing performed in step (S15) is the same as that in step (S08) of the first embodiment, and the flow rate command determination unit (24) sets the flow rate command value (Q1 so as to restore the suppressed power. *) Is corrected.
- the flow rate command determination unit (24) returns the flow rate command value (Q1 *) to the original value (value at the rated output) so that the generator (G) has a rated output.
- the flow rate control unit (25) controls the AC / DC converter unit (21) accordingly.
- switching according to the rated output of a generator (G) is also performed in an inverter part (31), and the rated output in an inverter part (31) is performed.
- the power is controlled while maintaining the physical quantity of fluid (here, the total flow rate (QT)) at a desired value. It becomes possible.
- the output of the AC / DC converter unit (21) is suppressed without waiting for power suppression of the inverter unit (31). It is not necessary to provide (40), and the hydroelectric power generation system (10) can be configured compactly.
- Embodiment 3 of the Invention a control example in which the first flow meter (17) and the second flow meter (18) are not used will be described.
- a characteristic map (M) is stored in the memory device of the flow rate control unit (25) (see FIG. 7).
- This characteristic map (M) is on the HQ map where the vertical axis is the effective head (H) of the pipe (1) and the horizontal axis is the flow rate flowing out of the pipe (1) (ie, the total flow rate (QT)).
- the characteristics that can be detected by the generator (G) and correlate with the flow rate (Q1) and the effective head (H) in the water turbine (W) are recorded.
- the characteristics correlating with the flow rate (Q1) and the effective head (H) are the torque value (T), the rotational speed (N), and the generated power (P) of the generator (G). More specifically, the characteristic map (M) of the present embodiment is obtained by recording a plurality of equal torque curves and a plurality of equal rotation speed curves on the HQ map. Is stored in the memory device constituting the flow rate control unit (25).
- the vehicle In this water wheel region, the vehicle is basically driven by being rotated by the water wheel (W).
- a region on the left side of the unconstrained speed curve is a turbine brake region (power running region).
- a curve (E) connecting the vertices of the plurality of equal generated power curves is a maximum generated power curve at which the generator (G) obtains the maximum generated power.
- a hydraulic power generation system (10) is connected to the characteristic map (M) in which the torque value (T), rotational speed (N), and generated power (P) of the generator (G) are recorded on the HQ map. It is unrelated to the pipeline (1) and is a characteristic map specific to the hydroelectric power generation system (10).
- This system loss curve (S) is also stored in the memory device constituting the flow rate control unit (25) in the form of a table (several table) or a mathematical expression (function) in the program.
- the effective head (H) decreases with a quadratic curve as the total flow rate (QT) increases, and its curvature has a value unique to the pipe (1) in FIG.
- the total flow rate (QT) and effective head (H) in the pipeline (1) including the hydropower system (10) correspond to points on the system loss curve (S).
- the flow rate in the water turbine (W) is the conduit (1) including the hydroelectric power generation system (10)
- the point corresponding to the flow rate (Q1) and effective head (H) of the water turbine (W) at that time is on the system loss curve (S).
- the operating point of the water turbine (W) is on the system loss curve (S).
- the total value of the flow rate in the water wheel (W) and the flow rate in the second branch pipe (13) is This is the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline (1) including the hydroelectric power generation system (10).
- the total flow rate (QT) and the effective head (H) at that time correspond to the points on the system loss curve (S).
- the operating point of the turbine (W) is not on the system loss curve (S).
- the operating point of the water turbine (W) can be known by using the characteristic map (M), thereby , You can know the current flow rate (Q1) in the water turbine (W). Then, the total flow rate (QT) and the flow rate (Q2) of the second branch pipe (13) can also be known.
- the current operation point is the intersection of the equal rotation speed curve corresponding to the current rotation speed (N) and the equal torque curve corresponding to the current torque value (T). is there.
- the flow rate (Q1a), which is the value of the horizontal scale corresponding to the operating point, is the flow rate (Q1) of the water turbine (W).
- the intersection of the system loss curve (S) and the line parallel to the horizontal axis that passes through the operating point is obtained, and the flow rate (QTa) that is the value of the horizontal scale corresponding to the intersection is the total flow rate (QT) ).
- QTa-Q1a is the flow rate (Q2) of the second branch pipe (13) at that time.
- the operating point of the water turbine (W) can be determined by using the characteristic map (M). Then, as described above, the flow rate of the fluid to be flowed to the water wheel (W) can be determined, and the value can be used as the flow rate command value (Q1 *). For example, a line parallel to the horizontal axis that passes through a point on the system loss curve (S) corresponding to the current total flow rate (QT) (referred to as flow rate (QTa)), and an equal generated power line corresponding to the target generated power Is the target operating point (see FIG. 7). When the target operating point is determined, the flow rate (Q1a), which is the value of the horizontal scale corresponding to the operating point, becomes the flow rate command value (Q1 *) for obtaining the target generated power.
- the system loss curve with the vertical axis representing the pressure difference (effective pressure difference) before and after the turbine (W) is the vertical axis. It is equivalent to a system loss curve (S) with an effective head (H). That is, a system loss curve may be used in which the vertical axis represents the pressure difference before and after the turbine (W) and the horizontal axis represents the total flow rate (QT).
- the operating point on the characteristic map (M) of the generator (G) can be determined by combining the rotational speed (N) and the generated power (P), and the torque value (T) and the generated power (P). It may be a combination.
- the characteristics of the generator (G) used in the characteristic map (M) are the characteristics of the generator (G) that correlate with the flow rate (Q1) and the effective head (H) in the water turbine (W), and this is detected. Any characteristic is possible.
- the hydroelectric power generation system (10) if it is possible to associate the characteristics (detectable) of the generator (G) with the flow rate (Q1) and effective head (H) of the turbine (W), the hydroelectric power generation system (10)
- the form of the water wheel (W) and generator (G) which comprise is not specifically limited. For example, even when the operation of the water turbine (W) cannot be varied by the generator (G), the flow rate (Q1) and the effective head (H) can be estimated as in this embodiment.
- Embodiment 4 of the Invention the pressure of the fluid supplied through the pipe (1) (that is, the physical quantity of the fluid, which is named here as the supply pressure) is maintained at a desired value (target pressure (P *)).
- target pressure (P *) target pressure
- An example of a hydroelectric power generation system (10) capable of controlling the power to be reversely flowed will be described.
- the hydroelectric power generation system (10) of the present embodiment can recover fluid energy that has not been used as electric power, for example, by arranging it as an alternative device for the pressure reducing valve provided in the water supply (4). it can.
- FIG. 8 shows an overall schematic configuration of the pipe line (1) including the hydroelectric power generation system (10) according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the inflow pipe (11) and the outflow pipe (14) are connected to the pipe line (1) of this embodiment.
- a storage tank (2) is connected to the inflow end of the inflow pipe (11).
- a water receiving tank (3) is connected to the outflow end of the outflow pipe (14).
- the inlet pipe (11) has an inlet side pressure gauge (50), a first motor operated valve (15), and a water wheel (W) (specifically, a fluid inlet of the water wheel (W)) in order from upstream to downstream. It is connected. That is, the first motor-operated valve (15) is connected in series to the water wheel (W).
- An outflow pipe (14) is connected to the fluid discharge port of the water turbine (W).
- the outlet side pressure gauge (51) is connected to the outflow pipe (14) in the middle thereof.
- the inlet side pressure gauge (50) detects the pressure (P1) of the fluid supplied to the water turbine (W), and the outlet side pressure gauge (51) detects the pressure of the fluid flowing out of the water wheel (W) (P2). To detect.
- the detection value of the outlet side pressure gauge (51) corresponds to the supply pressure.
- the outlet side pressure gauge (51) is an example of the fluid information acquisition unit of the present invention.
- the first electric valve (15) controls the flow rate of the fluid by driving the valve element by an electric motor.
- the opening degree of the first motor operated valve (15) is controlled by a generator controller (20) described later. Thereby, the flow rate of the fluid flowing into the water turbine (W) is controlled. That is, this 1st motor operated valve (15) is an example of the flow control valve of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 shows a power system diagram of the hydroelectric power generation system (10) of the fourth embodiment.
- the hydroelectric power generation system (10) includes a generator controller (20) and a grid interconnection inverter (30).
- the configuration of the grid interconnection inverter (30) is the same as that of the first embodiment, but the configuration of the generator controller (20) is different from that of the first embodiment.
- the generator controller (20) of the present embodiment includes a pressure detection unit (26) instead of the flow rate detection unit (23) of the first embodiment, and pressure control instead of the flow rate control unit (25).
- a part (27) is provided.
- the pressure detection unit (26) reads the detection values of the inlet side pressure gauge (50) and outlet side pressure gauge (51), and controls the detection value periodically or as required by the pressure control unit (27). Part (27). Further, the pressure control unit (27) controls the opening of the first motor operated valve (15) and the switching of the AC / DC converter unit (21) in a coordinated manner as will be described later, whereby the supply pressure is set to a desired value. While maintaining, control the power to reverse flow.
- the power system (5) when the AC voltage value (Vac) of the distribution line of the power system (5) is about to exceed the upper limit value of the voltage regulation range (Vr), the power system (5) The generated power suppression operation is performed to suppress the power supplied to. Specifically, also in this embodiment, when the AC voltage value (Vac) detected by the AC voltage detection unit (32) of the grid interconnection inverter (30) exceeds a predetermined first threshold (Th1), grid interconnection is performed. The inverter (30) suppresses the power supplied to the power system (5). As a result of power suppression in the grid-connected inverter (30), when the DC voltage (Vdc) exceeds a predetermined second threshold (Th2), the generator controller (20) also performs the generated power suppression operation. Is called. In order to determine whether or not the generated power suppression operation is necessary, the detected value of the DC voltage detector (22) is transmitted to the pressure controller (27).
- FIG. 10 shows a characteristic map (M) for explaining the concept of control in the present embodiment.
- the hydroelectric power generation system (10) when suppressing the electric power, the sum of the effective head (H) in the water turbine (W) and the effective head (Hv) in the first motor-operated valve (15) becomes a constant value. If it can be controlled, it is possible to control the power to be reversely flowed while maintaining the supply pressure at a desired value. If this is seen in FIG. 10, it will be understood that the operation point of the water turbine (W) may be shifted directly below the current operation point.
- the system loss curve (S) is a quadratic curve as described above, and the operating point of the water turbine (W) is on the system loss curve (S) in the pipe line (1) of this embodiment.
- the system loss curve (S) itself is changed as shown in FIG. 10 by further controlling the opening degree of the first motor operated valve (15). That is, in this embodiment, the operating point is shifted from the current operating point directly below by cooperatively controlling the opening of the first motor operated valve (15) and the switching of the AC / DC converter unit (21). .
- the pressure control unit (27) monitors the detection value of the outlet side pressure gauge (51) (the output of the pressure detection unit (26)), while the detection value is the target pressure (P * ), The output power of the AC / DC converter unit (21) is controlled (coordinated control) while adjusting the opening of the first motor-operated valve (15).
- the pressure control unit (27) can use feedback control when adjusting the opening degree of the first motor operated valve (15) and controlling the output power of the AC / DC converter unit (21).
- the effective head (H) in the water turbine (W) can be obtained by using, for example, the characteristic map (M) described above.
- the effective head (H) of the water wheel (W) and the effective head (Hv) of the first motor operated valve (15) are set to a constant value.
- the target value of the effective head (Hv) of the first motor operated valve (15) can be determined.
- the target value of the effective head (Hv) can be determined.
- the opening degree of the flow control valve (15) can be determined.
- the voltage rise determination unit (33) monitors the detection value of the AC voltage detection unit (32), and if the AC voltage value (Vac) exceeds the first threshold (Th1), The power generation suppression operation is performed by the grid interconnection inverter (30).
- the pressure control unit (27) monitors the detection value of the DC voltage detection unit (22). For example, as a result of the generated power suppression operation by the grid interconnection inverter (30), the DC voltage detection unit (22) When the detected value exceeds a predetermined second threshold value (Th2), the generated power suppression operation is performed by the generator controller (20).
- the pressure control unit (27) decreases the generated power by reducing the effective head (H) of the water turbine (W).
- the pressure control unit (27) changes the target value of the effective head (Hv) of the first motor operated valve (15). Specifically, while monitoring the detection value of the outlet side pressure gauge (51) (output of the pressure detection unit (26)), the first motor operated valve (15) so that the detection value becomes the target pressure (P *). ) Is adjusted. Thereby, in the pipe line (1), the supply pressure is maintained at a predetermined target pressure (P *).
- the timing for turning on the switch (SW) connected to the regenerative resistor (40) may be the case where the power suppression by the grid interconnection inverter (30) is performed as in the first embodiment, or the modification of the first embodiment. In this way, power generation by the generator controller (20) can be performed.
- the generator controller (20) and the grid interconnection inverter (20) are controlled so that the generator controller (20) detects the AC voltage value (Vac) and controls the power. 30).
- the regenerative resistor (40) can be omitted.
- the hydroelectric power generation system (10) is not limited to the pipe line (1) which is an example of the closed flow path, but may be an open flow path or a flow path in which a closed flow path (for example, a pipe line) and an open flow path are mixed. Can also be installed. As an example, it is conceivable to install a hydroelectric power generation system (10) in an agricultural waterway.
- the fluid supplied to the water wheel (W) is not limited to water.
- a brine used in an air conditioner such as a building as a fluid.
- the installation location of the hydroelectric power generation system (10) is not limited to the water supply (4).
- Embodiment 4 the configuration of Embodiment 4 (the configuration of performing a constant control of the supply pressure), and the configuration of any of Embodiments 1 to 3 (the configuration of performing a constant control of the total flow rate) of Embodiments 1 and 3. May be combined.
- the “desired value” when controlling the physical quantity of fluid (for example, the total flow rate (QT) of the pipe (1)) to a “desired value”, is a single value (one constant value).
- a value having a width such as a value within a predetermined threshold or less, a predetermined threshold or more, and a predetermined range may be used.
- the voltage value of the distribution line of the power system (5) AC voltage value (Vac)
- the voltage frequency of the distribution line of the power system (5) the power system (5)
- the present invention is useful as a hydroelectric power generation system.
- Pipeline (flow path) 5
- Commercial power supply (electric power system) 10
- Hydroelectric power generation system 13
- Second branch pipe (bypass) 15
- First motorized valve (flow control valve) 17
- 1st flow meter (fluid information acquisition part) 18
- Second flow meter (fluid information acquisition unit) 20
- Generator controller (control unit) 30
- Grid-connected inverter (control unit) 32
- AC voltage detector power information acquisition unit
- regenerative resistor power consumption part
- G generator water wheel (fluid machine)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
流体が流れる流路(1)に配置される流体機械(W)と、
前記流体機械(W)によって駆動される発電機(G)と、
前記発電機(G)の発電電力の制御を行うとともに、該発電機(G)が発電した電力を電力系統(5)に供給する制御部(20,30)と、
前記電力系統(5)が受け入れ可能な電力又は該電力に相関する情報を含む電力需給情報を取得する電力情報取得部(32)と、
前記流路(1)から流出する前記流体における物理量に相関する情報を含む流体情報を取得する流体情報取得部(17,18)と、
を備え、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力需給情報を用いて、前記電力系統(5)が受け入れ可能な電力以下に、前記電力系統(5)に供給する電力を制御しつつ、前記流体情報を用いて、前記物理量が所望の値となるように前記物理量又は前記流路(1)又は前記発電機(G)の発電電力の少なくともいずれか1つを制御することを特徴とする水力発電システムである。
前記流路(1)には、前記流体機械(W)の迂回路(13)が設けられ、
前記物理量には、前記流路(1)における前記流体の総流量(QT)が含まれ、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記迂回路(13)における前記流体の流量(Q2)を制御することによって前記総流量(QT)を所定の目標総流量(QT*)に近づけることを特徴とする。
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記発電機(G)に関する検出可能な特性であって、前記流体機械(W)における流量(Q1)と有効落差(H)とに相関する特性に基づいて、前記流体機械(W)における前記流量(Q1)と前記有効落差(H)とを推定するとともに、前記有効落差(H)と前記流路(1)における総流量(QT)との関係を示す流動抵抗特性線(S)と、推定した前記流量(Q1)と前記有効落差(H)とに基づいて、前記総流量(QT)を推定することを特徴とする。
前記流路(1)は、管路であり、
前記流体機械(W)に直列接続されて、該流体機械(W)へ流入する前記流体の流量を制御する流量制御弁(15)を備え、
前記物理量の値には、前記流路(1)から流出する前記流体の圧力(P2)が含まれ、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記流量制御弁(15)の開度を制御することによって、前記圧力(P2)を所定の目標圧力(P*)に近づけることを特徴とする。
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力系統(5)の配電線の電圧値(Vac)に基づいて前記電力需給情報を取得することを特徴とする。
前記発電電力を消費する電力消費部(40)を備え、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力系統(5)に供給する電力が所望の値となるように、前記発電電力の一部又は全てを前記電力消費部(40)に供給することを特徴とする水力発電システムである。
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力系統(5)に供給する電力が所望の値となるように、前記流体機械(W)における流量(Q1)を制御することを特徴とする水力発電システムである。
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力系統(5)に供給する電力が所望の値となるように、前記流量制御弁(15)の開度を制御しつつ、前記発電電力を制御することを特徴とする水力発電システムである。
図1は、本発明の実施形態1の水力発電システム(10)を含む管路(1)の全体概略構成を示す。この管路(1)は、落差を有して流体が流れるものであり、本発明の流路の一例である。本実施形態では、管路(1)は、上水道(4)の一部である。この上水道(4)には、貯留槽(2)と受水槽(3)とが設けられており、本実施形態の管路(1)は、貯留槽(2)と、該貯留槽(2)の下流に設けられた受水槽(3)とを繋ぐように配置されている。
図1に示すように、水力発電システム(10)は、水車(W)と発電機(G)とを備えている。また、図2は、水力発電システム(10)の電力系統図であり、水力発電システム(10)は、発電機コントローラ(20)、系統連系インバータ(30)、及び回生抵抗器(40)を備えている。水力発電システム(10)では、発電した電力を電力系統(5)に供給している。この例では、電力系統(5)は、いわゆる商用電源であり、水力発電システム(10)では、商用電源(5)への電力供給(いわゆる逆潮流)によって、いわゆる売電を行っている。
水車(W)は、管路(1)の途中に配置されており、本発明の水力機械の一例である。この例では、水車(W)は、羽根車、及びケーシングを備えている(何れも図示は省略)。羽根車には、渦巻きポンプに備えるインペラが流用されている。この羽根車の中心部には、回転軸(19)が固定されている。そして、水車(W)は、ケーシングに形成された流体流入口(図示を省略)からの水流によりインペラが圧力を受けて回転して、回転軸(19)を回転させるようになっている。なお、水車(W)に流入した流体は、ケーシングに形成された流体排出口(図示を省略)から排出される。
発電機(G)は、水車(W)の回転軸(19)に連結されて回転駆動され、発電を行う。この例では、発電機(G)は、永久磁石埋込型のロータと、コイルを有したステータとを備えている(何れも図示は省略)。
この管路(1)には、流入管(11)、流出管(14)、第1分岐管(12)、及び第2分岐管(13)が接続されている。本実施形態の管路(1)は、金属管(例えばダクタイル鋳鉄管)によって構成されている。流入管(11)の流入端には貯留槽(2)が接続されている。流出管(14)の流出端には受水槽(3)が接続されている。流入管(11)と流出管(14)との間には、第1分岐管(12)及び第2分岐管(13)が互いに並列に接続されている。第1分岐管(12)は、水車(W)を駆動する水が流れる水車側の流路を構成する。第2分岐管(13)は、水車(W)をバイパスする迂回路を構成する。
発電機コントローラ(20)は、AC/DCコンバータ部(21)、直流電圧検出部(22)、流量検出部(23)、流量指令決定部(24)、及び流量制御部(25)を備えている。この発電機コントローラ(20)は、系統連系インバータ(30)とともに、流体の物理量(ここでは管路(1)の総流量(QT))を所望の値に維持しつつ、電力系統(5)に供給する電力を制御する。
系統連系インバータ(30)は、インバータ部(31)、交流電圧検出部(32)、及び電圧上昇判定部(33)を備えている。
この水力発電システム(10)では、運転中は、第1電動弁(15)の開度は固定である。一方、第2電動弁(16)は、発電機コントローラ(20)によって開度が可変される。この水力発電システム(10)では、第2電動弁(16)を操作すると水車(W)の運転点が変動し、水車(W)の運転点が変更されると第2分岐管(13)の流量(Q2)が変動することになる。そこで、水力発電システム(10)では、水車(W)と第2電動弁(16)の協調制御、すなわち、発電電力(水車(W)の状態)と、第2電動弁(16)の状態の双方を考慮した制御が必要になる。
以上のように、本実施形態の水力発電システム(10)によれば、流体の物理量(ここでは総流量(QT))を所望の値に維持しつつ、電力(配電線の電圧)を制御することが可能になる。
水力発電システム(10)では、電力(交流電圧)及び流量の制御は、図4に示すフローを採用してもよい。なお、この変形例の水力発電システム(10)でも、運転中は、第1電動弁(15)の開度は固定である。また、第2電動弁(16)は、発電機コントローラ(20)によって開度が可変される。
以上のように、本変形例の水力発電システム(10)においても、流体の物理量(ここでは総流量(QT))を所望の値に維持しつつ、電力(配電線の電圧)を制御することが可能になる。
本発明の実施形態2では、発電電力抑制運転の他の例を説明する。本実施形態では、発電機コントローラ(20)及び系統連系インバータ(30)の構成が実施形態1とは異なっている。また、この例では、回生抵抗器(40)及びスイッチ(SW)が設けられていない。以下では、実施形態1との相異点を中心に本実施形態の説明を行う。
図5に、本発明の実施形態2における発電機コントローラ(20)及び系統連系インバータ(30)のブロック図を示す。発電機コントローラ(20)は、図5に示すように、AC/DCコンバータ部(21)、流量検出部(23)、流量指令決定部(24)、流量制御部(25)、交流電圧検出部(32)、及び電圧上昇判定部(33)を備えている。すなわち、実施形態1では系統連系インバータ(30)に設けられていた交流電圧検出部(32)と電圧上昇判定部(33)とが、本実施形態では発電機コントローラ(20)に設けられている。
系統連系インバータ(30)は、図5に示すように、インバータ部(31)を備えている。インバータ部(31)は、実施形態1のものと同様の構成である。
図6に、実施形態2の水力発電システム(10)で行われる電力及び流量制御のフローチャートを示す。このフローチャートに示したステップ(S11)では、発電機(G)の発電電力が目標値となるように、流量制御部(25)がAC/DCコンバータ部(21)におけるスイッチングを制御しつつ、管路(1)の総流量(QT)が目標総流量(QT*)となるように、第2電動弁(16)の開度を制御する。すなわち、このステップ(S11)における制御は、実施形態1のステップ(S01)と同様である。
以上のようにして、本実施形態の水力発電システム(10)においても、流体の物理量(ここでは総流量(QT))を所望の値に維持しつつ、電力(配電線の電圧)を制御することが可能になる。
本発明の実施形態3では、第1流量計(17)や第2流量計(18)を用いない制御例を説明する。この制御を行うために、本実施形態では、流量制御部(25)のメモリディバイスには、特性マップ(M)が記憶されている(図7参照)。この特性マップ(M)は、縦軸を管路(1)の有効落差(H)、横軸を管路(1)から流出する流量(すなわち総流量(QT))としたH-Qマップ上に、発電機(G)において検出可能で、且つ水車(W)における流量(Q1)と有効落差(H)とに相関する特性を記録したものである。この例では、流量(Q1)と有効落差(H)とに相関する特性は、発電機(G)のトルク値(T)、回転速度(N)、発電電力(P)がある。より具体的に本実施形態の特性マップ(M)は、複数の等トルク曲線と、複数の等回転速度曲線をH-Qマップ上に記録したものであり、テーブル(数表)や、プログラム内の数式(関数)という形で、流量制御部(25)を構成するメモリディバイスに格納されている。
本実施形態で説明した総流量(QT)等の推定技術を、実施形態1、実施形態1の変形例、或いは実施形態2の水力発電システム(10)に適用すれば、第1流量計(17)や第2流量計(18)を用いずに、水車(W)の流量(Q1)や、第2分岐管(13)の流量(Q1)を把握できる。すなわち、本実施形態では、第1流量計(17)や第2流量計(18)を用いない制御が可能になり、第1流量計(17)や第2流量計(18)を省略できる。すなわち、本実施形態では、水力発電システム(10)のコストダウンが可能になる。
本発明の実施形態4では、管路(1)によって供給する流体の圧力(すなわち流体の物理量であり、ここでは供給圧力と命名する)を所望の値(目標圧力(P*))に維持しつつ、逆潮流させる電力を制御することが可能な水力発電システム(10)の例を説明する。本実施形態の水力発電システム(10)は、例えば、上水道(4)に設けられている減圧弁の代替装置として配置することで、利用されていなかった、流体のエネルギーを電力として回収することができる。
-圧力制御の概念-
図10に本実施形態における制御の概念を説明するための特性マップ(M)を示す。水力発電システム(10)では、電力を抑制する際に、水車(W)における有効落差(H)と、第1電動弁(15)における有効落差(Hv)との和が一定値となるように制御できれば、前記供給圧力を所望の値に維持しつつ、逆潮流させる電力を制御することが可能になる。これを図10で見ると、水車(W)の運転点を、現在の運転点から真下にシフトさせれば良いことが分かる。
この水力発電システム(10)でも電圧上昇判定部(33)は、交流電圧検出部(32)の検出値をモニターしており、交流電圧値(Vac)が第1閾値(Th1)を超えたら、系統連系インバータ(30)による発電電力抑制運転が行われる。一方、圧力制御部(27)は、直流電圧検出部(22)の検出値をモニターしており、例えば、系統連系インバータ(30)による発電電力抑制運転の結果、直流電圧検出部(22)の検出値が所定の第2閾値(Th2)を超えた場合には、発電機コントローラ(20)による発電電力抑制運転が行われる。
以上のように、本実施形態の水力発電システム(10)によれば、流体の物理量(ここでは供給圧力)を所望の値(目標圧力(P*))に維持しつつ、電力(配電線の電圧)を制御することが可能になる。
なお、水力発電システム(10)は、閉流路の一例である管路(1)に限らず、開流路や、閉流路(例えば管路)と開流路とが混在する流路にも設置できる。一例として、農業用水路に水力発電システム(10)を設置することが考えられる。
5 商用電源(電力系統)
10 水力発電システム
13 第2分岐管(迂回路)
15 第1電動弁(流量制御弁)
17 第1流量計(流体情報取得部)
18 第2流量計(流体情報取得部)
20 発電機コントローラ(制御部)
30 系統連系インバータ(制御部)
32 交流電圧検出部(電力情報取得部)
40 回生抵抗器(電力消費部)
G 発電機
W 水車(流体機械)
Claims (8)
- 流体が流れる流路(1)に配置される流体機械(W)と、
前記流体機械(W)によって駆動される発電機(G)と、
前記発電機(G)の発電電力の制御を行うとともに、該発電機(G)が発電した電力を電力系統(5)に供給する制御部(20,30)と、
前記電力系統(5)が受け入れ可能な電力又は該電力に相関する情報を含む電力需給情報を取得する電力情報取得部(32)と、
前記流路(1)から流出する前記流体における物理量に相関する情報を含む流体情報を取得する流体情報取得部(17,18)と、
を備え、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力需給情報を用いて、前記電力系統(5)が受け入れ可能な電力以下に、前記電力系統(5)に供給する電力を制御しつつ、前記流体情報を用いて、前記物理量が所望の値となるように前記物理量又は前記流路(1)又は前記発電機(G)の発電電力の少なくともいずれか1つを制御することを特徴とする水力発電システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記流路(1)には、前記流体機械(W)の迂回路(13)が設けられ、
前記物理量には、前記流路(1)における前記流体の総流量(QT)が含まれ、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記迂回路(13)における前記流体の流量(Q2)を制御することによって前記総流量(QT)を所定の目標総流量(QT*)に近づけることを特徴とする水力発電システム。 - 請求項1又は請求項2において、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記発電機(G)に関する検出可能な特性であって、前記流体機械(W)における流量(Q1)と有効落差(H)とに相関する特性に基づいて、前記流体機械(W)における前記流量(Q1)と前記有効落差(H)とを推定するとともに、前記有効落差(H)と前記流路(1)における総流量(QT)との関係を示す流動抵抗特性線(S)と、推定した前記流量(Q1)と前記有効落差(H)とに基づいて、前記総流量(QT)を推定することを特徴とする水力発電システム。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れかにおいて、
前記流路(1)は、管路であり、
前記流体機械(W)に直列接続されて、該流体機械(W)へ流入する前記流体の流量を制御する流量制御弁(15)を備え、
前記物理量の値には、前記流路(1)から流出する前記流体の圧力(P2)が含まれ、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記流量制御弁(15)の開度を制御することによって、前記圧力(P2)を所定の目標圧力(P*)に近づけることを特徴とする水力発電システム。 - 請求項1から請求項4の何れかにおいて、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力系統(5)の配電線の電圧値(Vac)に基づいて前記電力需給情報を取得することを特徴とする水力発電システム。 - 請求項1から請求項5の何れかにおいて、
前記発電電力を消費する電力消費部(40)を備え、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力系統(5)に供給する電力が所望の値となるように、前記発電電力の一部又は全てを前記電力消費部(40)に供給することを特徴とする水力発電システム。 - 請求項1から請求項6の何れかにおいて、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力系統(5)に供給する電力が所望の値となるように、前記流体機械(W)における流量(Q1)を制御することを特徴とする水力発電システム。 - 請求項4において、
前記制御部(20,30)は、前記電力系統(5)に供給する電力が所望の値となるように、前記流量制御弁(15)の開度を制御しつつ、前記発電電力を制御することを特徴とする水力発電システム。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA3036637C (en) | 2022-05-24 |
EP3496263A4 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
JP6304440B2 (ja) | 2018-04-04 |
CA3036637A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
EP3496263B1 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
BR112019005236A2 (pt) | 2019-06-04 |
CN113381561A (zh) | 2021-09-10 |
ES2927707T3 (es) | 2022-11-10 |
EP3496263A1 (en) | 2019-06-12 |
CN109716642A (zh) | 2019-05-03 |
JP2018048629A (ja) | 2018-03-29 |
US11041476B2 (en) | 2021-06-22 |
US20200386202A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
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