WO2018033960A1 - 熱間プレス成形部材 - Google Patents
熱間プレス成形部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018033960A1 WO2018033960A1 PCT/JP2016/073896 JP2016073896W WO2018033960A1 WO 2018033960 A1 WO2018033960 A1 WO 2018033960A1 JP 2016073896 W JP2016073896 W JP 2016073896W WO 2018033960 A1 WO2018033960 A1 WO 2018033960A1
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hot press-formed member.
- Automotive parts such as door guards, front side members, cross members, and side members are required to be lighter in order to improve fuel efficiency.
- As a means for reducing the weight it is conceivable to reduce the thickness of the material.
- the automobile member is also required to have high strength. Accordingly, the steel sheet that is the material of the member has been further increased in strength so that the collision safety and the like are sufficiently ensured even if the thickness is reduced.
- attempts have been made to improve the tensile product, the Rankford value, and the limit bending, which are products of ductility and tensile strength.
- the automotive parts exemplified above are often manufactured by hot pressing.
- the hot pressing technique is a technique in which a steel sheet is heated to a high temperature in the austenite region and then press-formed, and the forming load is extremely small as compared with normal pressing performed at room temperature. Furthermore, in the hot press technology, a quenching process is performed in the mold at the same time as the press forming, so that high strength can be imparted to the steel sheet. Therefore, the hot press technique is attracting attention as a technique that can achieve both shape freezing property and ensuring strength (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- hot pressed member a member obtained by processing a steel plate by hot pressing technology
- a member obtained by processing a steel plate by hot pressing technology has excellent strength, but may not have sufficient ductility.
- extreme plastic deformation occurs in the automobile member, and the surface layer portion of the hot press-formed member may be severely subjected to bending deformation.
- the ductility of the hot press-formed member is insufficient, the hot press-formed member may be cracked by this severe bending deformation. In other words, a normal hot press-formed member may not exhibit excellent collision characteristics.
- TRIP Transformed Induced Plasticity steel having excellent ductility by utilizing the martensitic transformation of retained austenite is also known (see Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- TRIP steel can contain retained austenite that is stable even at room temperature in its structure by performing bainite transformation in heat treatment.
- the bainite transformation is delayed, so that it takes a long time to generate retained austenite. In this case, productivity is significantly impaired.
- the holding time at the time of bainite generation is insufficient, unstable untransformed austenite becomes hard martensite at room temperature, so that the ductility and bendability of the member are lowered, and sufficient impact characteristics are obtained. There is a risk of not being able to.
- TRIP steel has been used as a steel sheet for cold forming by taking advantage of its excellent ductility.
- the remaining ductility of the member after forming affects the collision characteristics of the member. Residual ductility is reduced at sites that have undergone strong processing during cold forming, and cracks may occur during collision. Therefore, in recent years, even in the hot press forming method, a method of ensuring ductility of a member by including residual austenite in a steel sheet has been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 4 to 6).
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technique in which a member is made to contain residual austenite by setting the average cooling rate from (Ms point ⁇ 150) ° C. to 40 ° C. of the steel in the hot press forming method to 5 ° C./second or less. It is disclosed. However, it has been found that it is difficult to ensure the amount of retained austenite that can greatly improve the ductility only by controlling the cooling rate.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a technique in which, in a hot press forming method, steel is cooled to a temperature range not higher than (bainite transformation start temperature Bs-100 ° C.) and not lower than the Ms point, and then stayed at this temperature for not less than 10 seconds.
- the bainite transformation rate is slow, and the residual austenite is likely to become hard martensite after cooling.
- hard martensite is generated, the hardness difference between the structures becomes large, and there is a possibility that excellent bendability cannot be exhibited.
- Patent Document 6 in a hot press forming method, steel is maintained at a temperature of 750 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower, and then cooled to a first temperature range of 50 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower to partially transform martensite. After that, a technique for obtaining stable retained austenite by reheating to a second temperature range of 350 ° C. or more and 490 ° C. or less and performing bainite transformation is disclosed. However, even in this technique, there is a possibility that excellent bendability cannot be exhibited. This is because there is no provision regarding the texture of the steel sheet before hot pressing.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-18531 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1-2230715 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2-217425 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-174004
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-14842 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-184758
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a high-strength hot press-formed member having excellent ductility and bendability.
- the present invention has a tensile product of 26000 (MPa ⁇ %) or more, a Rankford value in the rolling direction, and a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (hereinafter simply referred to as “the perpendicular direction of rolling”).
- the purpose is to provide.
- the Rankford value may be simply referred to as “r value”.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the hot press-molded member according to one aspect of the present invention is C: 0.100 to 0.600%, Si: 1.00 to 3.00%, Mn: 1.00 to 5.00%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.0500% or less, Al: 0.001 to 2.000%, N: 0.0100% or less, O: 0.0100% or less, Mo: 0 to 1.00%, Cr: 0 to 2.00%, Ni: 0 to 2.00%, Cu: 0 to 2.00% Nb: 0 to 0.300%, Ti: 0 to 0.300% V: 0 to 0.300%, B: 0 to 0.1000%, Ca: 0 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0 to 0.0100%, and REM: 0 to 0.0100%,
- the balance consists of iron and impurities, and the microstructure at the thickness of 1/4 part is unit volume%, tempered martensite: 20-90%, bainnai : 5 to 75%, and retained austenite: 5 to 25%, and ferrite is limited
- the hot press-molded member described in (1) is unit mass%, Mo: 0.01 to 1.00%, Cr: 0.05 to 2.00%, Ni: 0.05 to One or more selected from the group consisting of 2.00% and Cu: 0.05-2.00% may be contained.
- the hot press-molded member described in (1) or (2) is unit mass%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.300%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.300%, and V : One or more selected from the group consisting of 0.005 to 0.300% may be contained.
- the hot press-molded member according to any one of (1) to (3) may contain B: 0.0001 to 0.1000% in unit mass%.
- the hot press-molded member according to any one of (1) to (4) is unit mass%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0005 to 0.00.
- One or more selected from the group consisting of 0100% and REM: 0.0005 to 0.0100% may be contained.
- the steel structure when adjusting the steel composition and the structure, the steel structure is made a composite structure, and the ratio of each structure constituting the composite structure is improved. Is going. Furthermore, in the high-strength hot press-formed member according to the above aspect of the present invention, the pole density of steel is also preferably controlled. Thereby, according to the high-strength hot press-formed member according to the aspect of the present invention, not only excellent strength is obtained by martensite in the composite structure, but also excellent ductility by austenite and excellent bending by bainite. It can also be secured together.
- the r value in the rolling direction and the r value in the rolling perpendicular direction are both 0.80 or less, and the limit bending in the rolling direction and the rolling perpendicular Any limit bending in the direction can be made 2.0 or less.
- the “member thickness 1 ⁇ 4 part” means a surface having a depth of about 1/8 and a surface having a depth of about 3/8 from the rolling surface of the member. Means the area between.
- the rolling surface of a member is a rolling surface of a base plate for hot pressing (a cold rolled steel plate or an annealed steel plate) that is a material of the member.
- “Square thickness of the base plate for hot pressing” is about 3 / 8th of a depth of about 1/8 of the thickness of the base plate for hot pressing from the rolling surface of the base plate for hot pressing. It means the area between the planes with a depth of / 8.
- the thickness of the member which concerns on this embodiment is not uniform, and plate
- the plate thickness 1/4 part of the processed region of the member is a region corresponding to the plate thickness 1/4 portion of the base plate for hot press before receiving the processing, and can be specified based on the cross-sectional shape. is there.
- the present inventors have made a steel structure of a predetermined component, tempered martensite, and retained austenite. And a composite structure including bainite, and further, it was found that it is important to appropriately set the ratio of each of these structures. More specifically, in the hot press forming, the present inventors have formed a martensite in the composite structure by forming a steel sheet having a predetermined component at a high temperature and performing a process of reheating and holding after temporary cooling. In addition to providing excellent strength depending on the site, excellent ductility due to austenite and excellent bendability due to bainite are also ensured.
- the Rankford value (r value) in the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction are ensured. It was found that the r-values of both were 0.80 or less, and the limit bending in the rolling direction and the limit bending in the direction perpendicular to the rolling could both be 2.0 or less.
- the Rankford value (r value) is defined by JISZ2254, and the true strain ⁇ b in the width direction and the true strain ⁇ a in the thickness direction generated by applying a uniaxial tensile stress to the plate-like tensile test piece.
- the ratio ⁇ b / ⁇ a is an r value obtained by applying a uniaxial tensile stress in a direction parallel to the rolling direction, and the r value in the direction perpendicular to the rolling is a uniaxial tensile stress in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- Carbon (C: 0.100 to 0.600%) is an essential element for increasing the strength of the member and securing a retained austenite of a predetermined amount or more. If the C content is less than 0.100%, it becomes difficult to ensure the tensile strength and ductility of the member. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.600%, it is difficult to ensure spot weldability of the member, and the ductility of the member may be lowered. For the above reasons, the C content is set to 0.100 to 0.600%. In addition, the lower limit of the C content is preferably 0.150%, 0.180%, or 0.200%. The upper limit of the C content is preferably 0.500%, 0.480%, or 0.450%.
- Silicon (Si) is a strengthening element and is effective in increasing the strength of the member. Moreover, Si suppresses the precipitation and coarsening of cementite in martensite, thereby contributing to increasing the strength of the member and improving bendability. Furthermore, Si is an element that increases the C concentration in austenite and contributes to securing retained austenite of a predetermined amount or more, and consequently contributes to suppression of cementite precipitation during reheating and holding after the member is temporarily cooled. is there.
- the Si content is less than 1.00%, the above-described effects (higher steel strength, suppression of cementite precipitation, etc.) cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the Si content exceeds 3.00%, the workability of the member decreases. For these reasons, the Si content is 1.00 to 3.00%.
- the lower limit of the Si content is preferably 1.10%, 1.20%, or 1.30%.
- the upper limit of the Si content is preferably 2.50%, 2.40%, or 2.30%.
- Manganese (Mn) is a strengthening element and is effective in increasing the strength of the member.
- Mn content is less than 1.00%, ferrite, pearlite, and cementite are generated when the member is cooled, and it is difficult to increase the strength of the member.
- Mn content exceeds 5.00%, co-segregation of Mn, P, and S is likely to occur, and the workability of the member is significantly reduced.
- the Mn content is 1.00 to 5.00%.
- the lower limit value of the Mn content is preferably 1.80%, 2.00%, or 2.20%.
- the upper limit of the Mn content is preferably 4.50%, 4.00%, or 3.50%.
- Phosphorus (P) is the central part of the steel sheet constituting the member (region between the rolling surface and the surface having a depth of about 3/8 and the surface having a depth of about 5/8). It is an element that tends to segregate, and embrittles the weld formed when the members are welded. When the P content exceeds 0.040%, embrittlement of the welded portion becomes significant, so the P content is set to 0.040% or less. In addition, the preferable upper limit of P content is 0.010%, 0.009%, or 0.008%. Moreover, since it is not necessary to specifically define the lower limit value of the P content, the lower limit value of the P content may be set to 0%. However, since it is economically disadvantageous to make the P content less than 0.0001%, the lower limit value of the P content may be 0.0001%.
- S Sulfur
- S is an element that adversely affects the weldability of the member and the manufacturability at the time of casting and hot rolling of the steel plate constituting the member.
- S is an element that forms coarse MnS and inhibits the bendability and hole expansibility of the member. If the S content exceeds 0.0500%, the above-described adverse effects and inhibition become remarkable, so the S content is set to 0.0500% or less.
- the preferable upper limit of S content is 0.0100%, 0.0080%, or 0.0050%.
- the lower limit of the S content may be set to 0%. However, since it is economically disadvantageous to make the S content less than 0.0001%, the lower limit value of the S content may be 0.0001%.
- Aluminum (Al) is an element effective for suppressing precipitation and coarsening of cementite, like Si.
- Al is an element that can also be used as a deoxidizer.
- the Al content is set to 0.001 to 2.000%.
- the lower limit of the Al content is preferably 0.010%, 0.020%, or 0.030%.
- the upper limit of the Al content is preferably 1.500%, 1.200%, 1.000%, 0.250%, or 0.050%.
- N Nitrogen
- N is an element that forms coarse nitrides and lowers the bendability and hole expansibility of the member. Further, N is an element that causes blowholes during member welding. If the N content exceeds 0.0100%, not only the bendability and hole expansibility of the member are significantly lowered, but a large number of blow holes are generated during welding of the member. 0100% or less.
- the preferable upper limit of N content is 0.0070%, 0.0050%, or 0.0030%.
- the lower limit value of the N content does not need to be set in particular, and may be 0%. However, if the N content is less than 0.0005%, the manufacturing cost is significantly increased, so the lower limit value of the N content may be 0.0005%.
- Oxygen (O) is an element that forms an oxide and reduces the elongation at break, bendability, hole expansibility, and the like of the member. In particular, if oxide is present as an inclusion on the punched end face or cut surface of the member, the oxide forms notched scratches, coarse dimples, etc., and stress concentration occurs during hole expansion or strong processing. Cracks are generated and the hole expansibility and / or bendability is greatly reduced.
- the O content exceeds 0.0100%, the elongation at break, bendability, hole expansibility, and the like are significantly reduced, so the O content is set to 0.0100% or less.
- the preferable upper limit of O content is 0.0050%, 0.0040%, or 0.0030%.
- the lower limit value of the O content does not need to be set in particular, and may be 0%. However, if the O content is less than 0.0001%, an excessive cost increase is caused and this is not economically preferable. Therefore, the lower limit value of the O content may be 0.0001%.
- the high-strength hot press-formed member according to this embodiment has Mo: 0.01 to 1.00%, Cr: 0.05 to 2.00%, Ni: 0.05 to 2
- Mo 0.01 to 1.00%
- Cr 0.05 to 2.00%
- Ni 0.05 to 2
- these elements are not essential components. Even when these elements are not contained, the member according to the present embodiment can solve the problem, so the lower limit of the content of these elements is 0%.
- Molybdenum (Mo) is a strengthening element and is an element that contributes to improving the hardenability of the steel sheet constituting the member. In order to acquire this effect, it is good also considering the lower limit of Mo content as 0.01%. On the other hand, if the Mo content exceeds 1.00%, the manufacturability at the time of manufacturing and hot rolling of the steel sheet may be hindered. For the above reasons, the Mo content is preferably 0.01% or more and 1.00% or less. In addition, the more preferable lower limit of the Mo content is 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15%. A more preferable upper limit of the Mo content is 0.60%, 0.50%, or 0.40%.
- Chromium (Cr: 0 to 2.00%) is a strengthening element and is an element that contributes to improving the hardenability of the steel sheet constituting the member.
- the lower limit value of the Cr content may be 0.05%.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.05% or more and 2.00% or less.
- the more preferable lower limit of Cr content is 0.10%, 0.15%, or 0.20%.
- a more preferable upper limit of the Cr content is 1.80%, 1.60%, or 1.40%.
- Nickel (Ni: 0-2.00%) is a strengthening element and is an element that contributes to improving the hardenability of the steel sheet constituting the member.
- Ni is an element that contributes to improving the wettability of the steel sheet and promoting the alloying reaction.
- the lower limit of the Ni content may be 0.05%.
- the Ni content is preferably 0.05% or more and 2.00% or less.
- a more preferable lower limit of the Ni content is 0.10%, 0.15%, or 0.20%.
- a more preferable upper limit of the Ni content is 1.80%, 1.60%, or 1.40%.
- Copper (Cu: 0 to 2.00%) is a strengthening element and is an element that contributes to improving the hardenability of the steel sheet constituting the member.
- Cu is an element that contributes to improving the wettability of the steel sheet and promoting the alloying reaction.
- the lower limit value of the Cu content may be 0.05%.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.05% or more and 2.00%.
- the more preferable lower limit of Cu content is 0.10%, 0.15%, or 0.20%.
- a more preferable upper limit value of the Cu content is 1.80%, 1.60%, or 1.40%.
- the high-strength hot press-molded member according to this embodiment includes Nb: 0.005 to 0.300%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.300%, and V: 0.005 to 0 in addition to the above components. It may contain at least one of 300%. However, these elements are not essential components. Even when these elements are not contained, the member according to the present embodiment can solve the problem, so the lower limit of the content of these elements is 0%.
- Niobium (Nb) is a strengthening element, and is an element that contributes to increasing the strength of the member by strengthening precipitates, strengthening fine grains by suppressing the growth of ferrite crystal grains, and dislocation strengthening by suppressing recrystallization.
- the lower limit value of the Nb content may be 0.005%.
- the Nb content exceeds 0.300%, carbonitrides may precipitate excessively and the formability of the member may be reduced.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.005% or more and 0.300% or less.
- the more preferable lower limit of Nb content is 0.008%, 0.010%, or 0.012%.
- a more preferable upper limit of the Nb content is 0.100%, 0.080%, or 0.060%.
- Titanium (Ti: 0 to 0.300%) is a strengthening element, and is an element that contributes to increasing the strength of the member by strengthening precipitates, strengthening fine grains by suppressing the growth of ferrite crystal grains, and dislocation strengthening by suppressing recrystallization.
- the lower limit value of the Ti content may be 0.005%.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.005% or more and 0.300% or less.
- the more preferable lower limit of Ti content is 0.010%, 0.015%, or 0.020%.
- a more preferable upper limit of the Ti content is 0.200%, 0.150%, or 0.100%.
- V Vanadium
- V is a strengthening element, and is an element that contributes to increasing the strength of the member by strengthening precipitates, strengthening fine grains by suppressing the growth of ferrite crystal grains, and strengthening dislocations by suppressing recrystallization.
- the lower limit value of the V content may be 0.005%.
- the V content is preferably 0.005% or more and 0.300% or less.
- the more preferable lower limit of V content is 0.010%, 0.015%, or 0.020%.
- a more preferable upper limit value of the V content is 0.200%, 0.150%, or 0.100%.
- the high-strength hot press-formed member according to this embodiment may contain B: 0.0001 to 0.1000% in addition to the above components.
- B is not an essential component. Even when B is not contained, the member according to this embodiment can solve the problem, so the lower limit of the B content is 0%.
- B Boron (B: 0 to 0.1000%) Boron (B) is an effective element for improving the strength of grain boundaries and increasing the strength of steel.
- the lower limit value of the B content may be 0.0001%.
- the B content is preferably 0.0001% or more and 0.1000% or less.
- a more preferable lower limit of the B content is 0.0003%, 0.0005%, or 0.0007%.
- a more preferable upper limit of the B content is 0.0100%, 0.0080%, or 0.0060%.
- the high-strength hot press-molded member according to this embodiment includes, in addition to the above components, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0005 to 0.0100%, and REM: 0.0005. It may contain at least one of ⁇ 0.0100%.
- these elements are not essential components. Even when these elements are not contained, the member according to the present embodiment can solve the problem, so the lower limit of the content of these elements is 0%.
- the member may contain one or more selected from the group consisting of 0.0005% or more of Ca, 0.0005% or more of Mg, and 0.0005% or more of REM.
- the contents of Ca, Mg, and REM are each preferably 0.0005% or more and 0.0100% or less.
- the more preferable lower limit of each of the Ca content, the Mg content, and the REM content is 0.0010%, 0.0020%, or 0.0030%.
- the more preferable upper limit of each of the Ca content, the Mg content, and the REM content is 0.0090%, 0.0080%, or 0.0070%.
- the total content of Ca, Mg, and REM is 0.0010% or more and 0.0250% or less. Preferably there is.
- REM refers to a total of 17 elements composed of Sc, Y, and a lanthanoid
- the “content of REM” means the total content of these 17 elements.
- REM can be added in the form of misch metal (an alloy containing a plurality of rare earth elements). Misch metal may contain lanthanoid series elements in addition to La and Ce.
- Misch metal may contain lanthanoid series elements in addition to La and Ce.
- the high-strength hot press-formed member according to the present embodiment may contain a lanthanoid series element other than La and Ce as impurities.
- the high-strength hot press-molded member according to this embodiment can contain La and Ce as long as various properties (particularly ductility and bendability) of the member are not impaired.
- the balance of the chemical components of the member according to the present embodiment includes iron and impurities.
- An impurity is a component contained in the raw material of a member or a component mixed in the process of manufacturing a member and does not affect various characteristics of the member. Specifically, P, S, O, Sb, Sn, W, Co, As, Pb, Bi, H, and the like are listed as impurities. Of these, P, S and O need to be controlled as described above. Further, according to a normal manufacturing method, Sb, Sn, W, Co, and As are 0.1% or less, Pb and Bi are 0.010% or less, and H is 0.0005% or less as impurities. Although it can mix in steel materials, if it is in this range, it is not necessary to control the content of these elements.
- Si, Al, Cr, Mo, V, and Ca which are components of the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet of the present embodiment, may be mixed as impurities unintentionally. However, these components do not adversely affect the various characteristics of the high-strength hot press-formed member according to this embodiment as long as they are within the above-described range.
- N may generally be treated as an impurity in the steel sheet, but in the member according to the present embodiment, it is preferable to control it within the above-mentioned range.
- the unit “%” of the ratio of each tissue means “volume fraction (volume%)”.
- the microstructure of the member according to the present embodiment is defined at 1 ⁇ 4 part of the member. This is because the 1 ⁇ 4 portion located between the rolling surface and the center surface has a typical structure of the member. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the description relating to the microstructure relates to the microstructure in 1 ⁇ 4 part. Moreover, although the member which concerns on this embodiment has the location which has received processing, and the location which has not received, both microstructures are substantially the same.
- Tempered martensite is a structure that reinforces steel and is included in order to ensure the strength of the member according to the present embodiment.
- the volume fraction of tempered martensite is less than 20%, the strength of the member is insufficient.
- the volume fraction of tempered martensite exceeds 90%, bainite and austenite necessary for ensuring ductility and bendability of the member are insufficient.
- the volume fraction of tempered martensite is 20% or more and 90% or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the volume fraction of tempered martensite is 25%, 30%, or 35%.
- a preferable upper limit of the volume fraction of tempered martensite is 85%, 80%, or 75%.
- Bainite is an important structure for improving the bendability of a member.
- the member has a structure composed of hard martensite and retained austenite having excellent ductility, stress concentration on the martensite occurs during deformation of the member due to a difference in hardness between martensite and retained austenite. Due to this stress concentration, voids are formed at the interface between martensite and retained austenite, and as a result, the bendability of the member may be reduced.
- the member has a structure containing bainite in addition to martensite and retained austenite, the bainite reduces the interstitial hardness difference, thereby reducing the stress concentration on the martensite and bending the member. Will improve.
- the volume fraction of bainite is less than 5%, the stress concentration on martensite is not sufficiently relaxed, and excellent bendability cannot be ensured.
- the volume fraction of bainite exceeds 75%, martensite and retained austenite necessary for ensuring the strength and ductility of the member are insufficient.
- the volume fraction of bainite is 5% or more and 75% or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the volume fraction of bainite is 10%, 15%, or 20%.
- a preferable upper limit of the volume fraction of bainite is 70%, 65%, or 60%.
- Residual austenite is an important structure for securing the ductility of the member. Residual austenite is transformed into martensite during press forming of the steel sheet, thereby bringing excellent work hardening and high uniform elongation to the steel sheet. If the volume fraction of retained austenite is less than 5%, uniform elongation cannot be obtained sufficiently, and it is difficult to ensure excellent moldability. On the other hand, when the volume fraction of retained austenite exceeds 25%, martensite and bainite necessary for securing the strength and hole expandability of the steel sheet are insufficient. For the above reasons, the volume fraction of retained austenite is 5% or more and 25% or less. In addition, the preferable lower limit of the volume fraction of retained austenite is 7%, 10%, or 12%. A preferred upper limit for the volume fraction of retained austenite is 22%, 20%, or 18%.
- ferrite Since ferrite is a soft structure, its volume fraction is preferably as small as possible. Therefore, the lower limit of the volume fraction of ferrite is 0%. When the volume fraction of ferrite exceeds 10%, it becomes difficult to ensure the strength of the steel sheet. Therefore, the volume fraction of ferrite is limited to 10% or less. In addition, the preferable upper limit of the volume fraction of ferrite is 8%, 5%, or 3%.
- tempered martensite, bainite, retained austenite, and ferrite identification, confirmation of location, and measurement of volume fraction are performed with Nital reagent and repellent liquid, as well as picric acid, ethanol, sodium thiosulfate, and citric acid.
- the cross-section is observed with a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope, and the martensite containing a carbide containing a large amount of Fe inside the carbide (Fe-based carbide) is regarded as tempered martensite.
- the martensite containing no carbide was regarded as normal martensite (fresh martensite) that was not tempered.
- As carbides containing a large amount of Fe there are carbides with various crystal structures, but any martensite containing Fe-based carbides with any crystal structure falls under the tempered martensite in this embodiment.
- the tempered martensite in the present embodiment includes a mixture of a plurality of types of Fe-based carbides due to heat treatment conditions.
- EBSD Electron Back-Scatter Diffractor attached to a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) was used. It is also possible to analyze the crystal orientation by the orientation analysis method (FE-SEM-EBSD method), or to measure the hardness of a minute region such as micro Vickers hardness measurement.
- the surface at a depth position of about 1/4 of the plate thickness parallel to the rolling surface of the member (from the rolling surface of the member to the member) X-ray analysis may be performed using a surface having a depth of about 1/4 of the thickness as an observation surface.
- the area fraction of the retained austenite thus obtained is defined as the volume fraction of retained austenite.
- volume fraction (%) of bainite, tempered martensite, and ferrite in the metal structure first, a cross section (observation surface) parallel to the rolling direction of the steel sheet and perpendicular to the rolling surface is polished. Etching with a nital solution. Next, an area fraction of each tissue is measured by observing a 1 ⁇ 4 part thickness of the etched cross section with FE-SEM. Since the area fraction obtained in this case is substantially equal to the volume fraction, this area fraction is regarded as the volume fraction.
- tempered martensite is a collection of lath-like (plate-like plates having a specific preferred growth direction) crystal grains, and contains the above-described iron-based carbide having a major axis of 20 nm or more inside the crystal grains. It can be recognized as a structure belonging to a plurality of iron-based carbide groups extending in a plurality of variants (that is, different directions).
- Bainite is an aggregate of lath-like crystal grains, and does not contain iron-based carbides having a major axis of 20 nm or more inside the crystal grains, or contains iron-based carbides having a major axis of 20 nm or more inside the crystal grains.
- the iron-based carbide group extending in the same direction means that the difference in the extension direction of the iron-based carbide group is within 5 °.
- Ferrite is a massive crystal grain, and can be recognized as a structure containing no iron-based carbide having a major axis of 100 nm or more inside the crystal grain.
- tempered martensite and bainite can be easily distinguished by observing the iron-based carbide inside the lath-like crystal grains using FE-SEM and examining the elongation direction.
- the pole density of the member which concerns on this embodiment is prescribed
- the description relating to the pole density relates to the pole density at 1 ⁇ 4 part.
- the member which concerns on this embodiment has the location which has received the process, and the location which has not received, the pole density in both is substantially the same.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at the 1 ⁇ 4 part thickness of the hot-pressed member is less than 3.0, the r value in the rolling direction and the r value in the direction perpendicular to the rolling are both 0. Since it cannot be made 80 or less, bendability deteriorates. Therefore, the pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at the 1/4 thickness portion is set to 3.0 or more.
- the lower limit value of the pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at the 1 ⁇ 4 part thickness is preferably 4.0 or 5.0.
- the upper limit value of the pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at the 1/4 thickness portion is not particularly specified.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at a thickness of 1/4 part exceeds 15.0, the workability of the member may deteriorate, so the ⁇ 211 at the thickness of 1/4 part.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 011> orientation may be 15.0 or less, or 12.0 or less.
- Extreme density is the ratio of the degree of integration of a test piece in a specific direction to a standard sample that does not have integration in a specific direction.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at the 1 ⁇ 4 part thickness of the member according to this embodiment is measured by an EBSD (Electron Back Scattering Diffraction Pattern) method.
- Measurement of pole density using EBSD is performed as follows. A cross section parallel to the rolling direction of the member and perpendicular to the rolling surface is taken as an observation surface. EBSD analysis at a measurement interval of 1 ⁇ m for a rectangular region of 1000 ⁇ m in the rolling direction and 100 ⁇ m in the normal direction of the rolling surface centering on a line having a depth of 1 ⁇ 4 of the thickness t from the surface of the member on the observation surface To obtain crystal orientation information of this rectangular region. The EBSD analysis is performed at an analysis speed of 200 to 300 points / second using an apparatus composed of a thermal field emission scanning electron microscope (for example, JSMOL JSM-7001F) and an EBSD detector (for example, TSL HIKARI detector). To implement.
- a thermal field emission scanning electron microscope for example, JSMOL JSM-7001F
- an EBSD detector for example, TSL HIKARI detector
- the crystal orientation perpendicular to the rolling surface is indicated by (hkl) or ⁇ hkl ⁇
- the crystal orientation parallel to the rolling direction is indicated by [uvw] or ⁇ uvw>.
- ⁇ Hkl ⁇ and ⁇ uvw> are generic names of equivalent planes and orientations, and (hkl) and [uvw] indicate individual crystal planes.
- the crystal structure of the member of this embodiment is mainly a body-centered cubic structure (bcc structure). Therefore, for example, (111), ( ⁇ 111), (1-11), (11-1), ( ⁇ 1-11), ( ⁇ 11-1), (1-1-1), ( ⁇ 1 -1-1) is substantially equivalent and indistinguishable. In the present embodiment, these orientations are collectively displayed as ⁇ 111 ⁇ .
- ODF is also used to display the crystal orientation of a crystal structure with low symmetry.
- ⁇ 1 0 to 360 °
- ⁇ 0 to 180 °
- ⁇ 2 0 to 360 °
- the individual crystal orientations are indicated by (hkl) [uvw].
- the crystal structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet of this embodiment is a body-centered cubic structure with high symmetry. Therefore, ⁇ and ⁇ 2 can be displayed at 0 to 90 °.
- ⁇ 1 changes depending on whether or not symmetry due to deformation is taken into account when performing calculations.
- (hkl) [uvw] and ⁇ hkl ⁇ ⁇ uvw> are synonymous.
- the tensile product of the member is set to 26000 (MPa ⁇ %) or more, and excellent ductility and thus excellent resistance to resistance.
- a member having fatigue and durability can be realized.
- the r value in the rolling direction of the member and the r value in the rolling perpendicular direction of the member are both 0.80 or less, and the limit bending in the rolling direction of the member and the limit bending in the rolling perpendicular direction of the member are performed. As for all, it is 2.0 or less, and the member which has the outstanding bendability is realizable.
- both the r value in the rolling direction and the r value in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction are 0.80 or less. Can exhibit excellent bendability.
- the manufacturing method of this high-strength hot press-formed member includes a heating step in which a hot pressing base plate that is a cold-rolled steel plate or an annealed steel plate made of the above-described chemical components is heated to a maximum heating temperature of Ac 3 or more.
- the hot press forming / cooling process in which the hot press forming is performed on the base plate for hot pressing, and at the same time, is cooled down to a temperature range of (Ms point -250 ° C) to the Ms point, is an essential process.
- a hot pressing base plate that is a cold-rolled steel plate or an annealed steel plate made of the above-described chemical components is heated to a maximum heating temperature of Ac 3 or more.
- the hot press forming / cooling process in which the hot press forming is performed on the base plate for hot pressing, and at the same time, is cooled down to a temperature range of (Ms point -250 ° C) to the Ms point, is an essential process.
- the manufacturing method of the high-strength hot press-formed member of this embodiment re-heats the member to a temperature range of 300 to 500 ° C. after the hot press forming / cooling step, separately from these steps, Next, after the member is held in the reheating temperature range for 10 to 1000 seconds, a reheating step is optionally performed in which the member is cooled to room temperature.
- a reheating step is optionally performed in which the member is cooled to room temperature.
- each step will be described.
- the preparatory process of the base plate for hot press performed before the said heating process is also mentioned collectively.
- heating rate and cooling rate mean dT / dt (instantaneous velocity at time t) obtained by differentiating the temperature T with respect to time t.
- the description that “the heating rate in the temperature range from A ° C. to B ° C. is set to X to Y ° C./second” means that the dT / dt is always X ⁇ It means within the range of Y ° C./second.
- This step is a preparatory step for obtaining a hot-press base plate (cold-rolled steel plate or annealed steel plate) for use in the heating step described later.
- a hot-press base plate cold-rolled steel plate or annealed steel plate
- Each manufacturing process prior to casting is not particularly limited. That is, various secondary smelting may be performed following the smelting by a blast furnace, an electric furnace or the like.
- the cast slab may be cooled to a low temperature once and then heated again and then hot rolled, or may be continuously hot rolled (ie, without cooling and reheating). In hot rolling, it is important that the total rolling reduction in the temperature region at 920 ° C. or lower is 25% or more. The reason is as follows. (1) Rolling in a temperature region exceeding 920 ° C.
- the total rolling reduction in the temperature region at 920 ° C. or lower is 25% or more.
- the total rolling reduction in the temperature region at 920 ° C. or lower is preferably 30% or more, and more preferably 40% or more.
- the upper limit of the total rolling reduction in the temperature region at 920 ° C. or lower is desirably 80%. This is because the reduction of more than 80% causes an increase in the load on the rolling roll and affects the durability of the rolling mill.
- a scrap can also be used as a raw material of the base plate for hot presses.
- a cooling pattern for controlling the structure can be adopted so as to exhibit each effect (excellent ductility and bendability) of the member according to the present embodiment.
- the winding temperature is preferably 650 ° C. or lower.
- the winding temperature is more preferably 600 ° C. or lower. This is because a bainite transformation is likely to occur in a temperature range of 600 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit value of the winding temperature is not particularly limited, and each effect (excellent ductility and bendability) of the member according to the present embodiment is exhibited.
- room temperature is a substantial lower limit of the coiling temperature.
- the coiling temperature is less than 350 ° C., the ratio of hard martensite is increased in the hot-rolled sheet structure, and cold rolling becomes difficult. Therefore, the coiling temperature is preferably 350 ° C. or higher.
- the pickled hot-rolled steel sheet is cold-rolled at a total rolling reduction of 50 to 90% to obtain a base plate for hot pressing.
- the thickness 1/4 of the base plate for hot pressing The pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at the part needs to be 3.0 or more.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at the thickness 1/4 of the base plate for hot pressing is preferably 4.0 or more, and more preferably 5.0 or more.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation at the thickness 1/4 part of the base plate for hot pressing is less than 3.0. It is difficult to control the texture as described above, and it is difficult to secure the target r value.
- the total rolling reduction of cold rolling exceeds 90%, the driving force for recrystallization becomes too high, and ferrite is recrystallized during the heating process of the hot press described later.
- the hot pressing base plate is heated to a temperature of Ac 3 point or higher, but unrecrystallized ferrite remains on the hot pressing base plate until Ac 3 point is reached. It is necessary to be.
- the total rolling reduction of cold-rolled hot-rolled steel sheets pickled is 50% or more and 90% or less.
- the suitable range of the total rolling reduction of cold rolling is 60% or more and 80% or less.
- the number of rolling passes and the rolling reduction of each pass are not particularly limited.
- the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and may be performed by a method of passing a continuous annealing line or by batch annealing. During the heat treatment, it is necessary to set the heating rate to 10 ° C./second or more in a temperature range of 500 ° C. or more and Ac 1 point or less. When the heating rate is less than 10 ° C./second, the texture of the finally obtained molded body is not preferably controlled. However, when the total of the Ti content and Nb content of the steel sheet is 0.005% by mass or more, the heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. or more and Ac 1 point or less should always be 3 ° C./second or more.
- the annealing temperature is preferably Ac 1 point or more and Ac 3 point or less. This is because ferrite recrystallization proceeds when the annealing temperature is less than Ac 1 point. On the other hand, if the annealing temperature exceeds the Ac 3 point, the steel sheet has an austenite single phase structure and it is difficult to leave unrecrystallized ferrite. In any case, it is difficult to leave unrecrystallized ferrite on the hot pressing base plate until the hot pressing base plate reaches Ac 3 point in the heating process of the hot press.
- annealing time in this temperature range is not particularly limited. However, if the annealing time exceeds 600 seconds, the cost is increased, which is not economically preferable.
- annealing time is the length of the period when steel plate temperature is kept isothermally at the highest attained temperature (annealing temperature). During this period, the steel sheet may be kept isothermal or may be cooled immediately after reaching the maximum heating temperature.
- the cooling start temperature is 700 ° C. or higher
- the cooling end temperature is 400 ° C. or lower
- the cooling rate in the temperature range of 700 ° C. to 400 ° C. is 10 ° C./second or higher.
- the cooling rate in the temperature range of 700 ° C. to 400 ° C. is less than 10 ° C./second, recrystallization of ferrite proceeds. In this case, it becomes difficult to leave unrecrystallized ferrite on the hot pressing base plate until the hot pressing base plate reaches Ac 3 point in the heating process of the hot press.
- This step is a step of heating the hot pressing base plate, which is a cold-rolled steel plate or an annealed steel plate obtained through the above preparation step, to Ac 3 points or more.
- the maximum heating temperature of the base plate for hot pressing is Ac 3 points or more.
- Ac 3 is defined as the lower limit of the maximum heating temperature.
- excessively high temperature heating not only is economically undesirable because it leads to an increase in cost, but also induces troubles such as reducing the life of the press die, so the maximum heating temperature is Ac 3 points + 50 ° C. The following is preferable.
- the heating rate in the temperature range from 500 ° C. to Ac 1 point is preferably 10 ° C./second or more.
- the heating rate can be 3 ° C./second or more.
- the heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. ⁇ Ac 1 point is lower than 10 ° C. / sec, it occurs recrystallization ferrite in the middle heating, difficult to leave the non-recrystallized ferrite to reach the Ac 3 point It is.
- by heating at a heating rate of 10 ° C./second or more coarsening of austenite grains can be suppressed, and toughness and delayed fracture resistance of a high-strength hot press-formed member can be improved.
- the heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. to Ac 1 point is increased, unrecrystallized ferrite remains until Ac 3 point is reached, thereby improving the productivity of high-strength hot press-formed members.
- the heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. to Ac 1 point exceeds 300 ° C./second, these effects become saturated and no other special effects occur.
- the upper limit of a heating rate shall be 300 degrees C / sec.
- the holding time at the maximum heating temperature is not particularly limited, but the holding time is preferably 20 seconds or longer in order to dissolve the carbide. On the other hand, in order to leave a preferable texture to obtain the target r value, it is preferable to set the holding time to less than 100 seconds.
- the hot press base plate that has undergone the above heating step is hot pressed using a hot press forming means (for example, a mold), and at the same time provided in the hot press forming means.
- a hot press forming means for example, a mold
- a cooling means for example, a refrigerant flowing through a pipe line in the mold
- the temperature is cooled to a temperature range between (Ms point ⁇ 250 ° C.) and Ms point. Any known method can be used for hot press forming.
- martensite is generated by cooling the member to a temperature range of (Ms point ⁇ 250 ° C.) to Ms point and below at a cooling rate of 0.5 to 200 ° C./second.
- the cooling stop temperature is less than (Ms point ⁇ 250 ° C.)
- martensite is excessively generated, and the ductility and bendability cannot be sufficiently ensured in the high-strength hot press-formed member.
- the cooling stop temperature is set to (Ms point ⁇ 250 ° C.) or more and Ms point or less.
- the temperature decrease rate of the member becomes 0.5 ° C./second or more, and the above-described cooling stop is not achieved.
- the cooling stop temperature is set to (Ms point ⁇ 220 ° C.) or more and (Ms point ⁇ 50 ° C.) or less because the above-described effects are achieved at a high level.
- the cooling rate from the maximum heating temperature to the cooling stop temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 200 ° C./second.
- austenite is transformed into a pearlite structure in the cooling process, or a large amount of ferrite is generated, so that martensite and bainite sufficient to ensure strength are obtained. It is difficult to ensure the volume ratio.
- the upper limit is preferably 200 ° C./second.
- the member that has undergone the above hot press forming / cooling process is reheated to a temperature range of 300 to 500 ° C., and then the member is held in the reheating temperature range for 10 to 1000 seconds, and then the member is reheated This is a step of cooling from the temperature range to room temperature.
- the reheating can be performed using electric heating or induction heating.
- the reheating step is an optional step, and holding in the reheating step includes not only isothermal holding but also slow cooling and heating in the above temperature range. Therefore, the holding time in the reheating process means the length of the period during which the member is in the reheating temperature range.
- the reheating temperature (holding temperature) is less than 300 ° C., it takes a long time for the bainite transformation, so that excellent productivity cannot be realized. On the other hand, when the reheating temperature (holding temperature) exceeds 500 ° C., the bainite transformation hardly occurs. For this reason, the reheating temperature is set to 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. In addition, the suitable range of reheating temperature is 350 degreeC or more and 450 degrees C or less.
- holding time if the holding time is less than 10 seconds, the bainite transformation does not proceed sufficiently, and bainite sufficient for securing bendability and residual austenite sufficient for securing ductility cannot be obtained.
- the holding time exceeds 1000 seconds, the retained austenite is decomposed, and the retained austenite effective for securing ductility cannot be obtained, and the productivity is lowered. For this reason, holding time shall be 10 seconds or more and 1000 seconds or less. Note that a preferable range of the holding time is 100 seconds or more and 900 seconds or less.
- the cooling mode after holding is not particularly limited, and may be cooled to room temperature while being held in the mold. Since this step is an optional step, when this step is not adopted, the member is taken out from the press die after the hot press forming step and placed in a furnace heated to 300 to 500 ° C. You may charge. In addition, as long as these thermal histories are satisfied, the steel sheet may be heat-treated in any equipment.
- the above-described method for producing a high-strength hot press-formed member of the present embodiment is based on the steps of refining, steel making, casting, hot rolling, and cold rolling in ordinary iron making. If the conditions of each step are satisfied, the effect of the high-strength hot press-formed member according to this embodiment can be obtained even if the design is changed as appropriate.
- the slabs A to R and a to d having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 are manufactured under the conditions shown in Tables 2-1 to 3-3.
- the steel plate A1 to d1 was manufactured by sequentially performing a process simulating the intermediate press forming process, the cooling process, and the reheating process, and then the steel sheet was cooled to room temperature.
- the steel plates A1 to d1 obtained in each test example are not hot-pressed with a mold. However, the mechanical properties of the obtained steel sheet are substantially the same as the unprocessed part of a hot press-formed member having the same thermal history. Therefore, by evaluating the obtained steel plates A1 to d1, the effect of the hot press-formed member of the present invention can be confirmed.
- the steel types A to R in Table 1 are the steel types of the components specified in the present invention
- the steel types a to d are steel types whose content of at least one of C, Si and Mn is outside the scope of the present invention. is there.
- alphabets included in the test symbols described in Table 2-1 etc. correspond to the steel types listed in Table 1.
- a letter is appended to the alphabet.
- the chemical components of test symbols D1 to D18 in Table 2-1 are those of steel type D in Table 1.
- the numerical value with an underline is a numerical value outside the specified range of the present invention.
- Retention time at 300 to 500 ° C.” of D7, D13, H6, K12, L6, L12, and L13 is the reheating temperature described as “Retention temperature at 300 to 500 ° C. (° C.)”.
- the “holding time at 300 to 500 ° C.” is the time during which the steel sheet temperature was in the range of 300 to 500 ° C.
- Ac 3 point and Ms point of each test example are values obtained by measuring in advance in a laboratory a hot-press base plate that has been hot-rolled and cold-rolled. Then, thus obtained Ac using the three-point and Ms point, setting the annealing temperature and the cooling temperature.
- Tensile strength TS (MPa) and elongation at break El (%) were measured by a tensile test.
- the tensile test piece was a JIS No. 5 test piece taken from a 1.2 mm thick plate in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. A sample having a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more was judged as a sample having a good tensile strength.
- the r value in the rolling direction and the r value in the vertical direction of rolling, and the limit bending (R / t) in the rolling direction and the limit bending (R / t) in the vertical direction of rolling were measured by a bending test. Specific means were as follows.
- the r value was obtained by taking a test piece in accordance with JISZ2201 and conducting a test in accordance with the provisions of JISZ2254.
- the r value in the rolling direction was measured with a test piece having the rolling direction as the longitudinal direction
- the r value in the rolling perpendicular direction was measured with a test piece having the rolling perpendicular direction as the longitudinal direction.
- the limit bending R / t was obtained by conducting a test based on the V block method specified in JISZ2248 on the No. 1 test piece specified in JISZ2204.
- the critical bending in the rolling direction is measured by a test piece taken so that the bending ridge line is in the rolling direction
- the critical bending in the perpendicular direction of rolling is measured by a test piece taken so that the bending ridge line is in the perpendicular direction of rolling. It was done.
- Table 4-1 to Table 5-3 show the results of organization identification and performance.
- the underlined numerical values are values outside the scope of the present invention.
- tM (%) is the volume fraction of tempered martensite in the microstructure
- B (%) is the volume fraction of bainite in the microstructure
- ⁇ R (%) is Volume fraction of retained austenite in the microstructure
- F (%) is the volume fraction of ferrite in the microstructure
- TS (MPa) is the tensile strength
- El (%) is the elongation at break
- TS x El is the tensile strength
- the tensile strength is 1200 MPa or more and the tensile product is 26000. (MPa ⁇ %) or more, the r value in the rolling direction and the r value in the rolling perpendicular direction are both 0.80 or less, and both the limit bending in the rolling direction and the limit bending in the rolling perpendicular direction are both 2. It turns out that it is below 0.0. Therefore, it can be said that all the inventive examples are excellent in high strength, ductility and bendability.
- the present invention high ductility and bendability are exhibited at a high level for a high-strength hot press-formed member. Accordingly, the present invention is particularly useful in the field of structural members for automobiles.
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Abstract
Description
(2)上記(1)に記載の熱間プレス成形部材は、単位質量%で、Mo:0.01~1.00%、Cr:0.05~2.00%、Ni:0.05~2.00%、及びCu:0.05~2.00%からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有してもよい。
(3)上記(1)又は(2)に記載の熱間プレス成形部材は、単位質量%で、Nb:0.005~0.300%、Ti:0.005~0.300%、及びV:0.005~0.300%からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有してもよい。
(4)上記(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の熱間プレス成形部材は、単位質量%で、B:0.0001~0.1000%を含有してもよい。
(5)上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の熱間プレス成形部材は、単位質量%で、Ca:0.0005~0.0100%、Mg:0.0005~0.0100%、及びREM:0.0005~0.0100%からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有してもよい。
以下、本実施形態に係る高強度熱間プレス成形部材の実施形態を詳細に説明する。
まず、本実施形態に係る高強度熱間プレス成形部材(以下、部材と称する場合がある)の、成分の限定理由について説明する。なお、本明細書において、化学成分の単位「%」は「質量%」を意味する。
炭素(C)は、部材の強度を上昇させ、かつ、所定量以上の残留オーステナイトを確保するために必須の元素である。C含有量が0.100%未満であると、部材の引張強さ及び延性を確保することが難しくなる。一方、C含有量が0.600%を超えると、部材のスポット溶接性の確保が困難となり、さらに部材の延性が低下するおそれもある。以上の理由により、C含有量は0.100~0.600%とする。なお、C含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.150%、0.180%、または0.200%である。C含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.500%、0.480%、または0.450%である。
珪素(Si)は、強化元素であり、部材の強度を上昇させることに有効である。また、Siはマルテンサイト中におけるセメンタイトの析出及び粗大化を抑制し、これにより部材の高強度化及び曲げ性の向上に寄与する。さらに、Siは、オーステナイト中のC濃度を高めて、所定量以上の残留オーステナイトの確保に寄与し、ひいては、部材を一時冷却した後の再加熱保持時のセメンタイトの析出の抑制に寄与する元素である。
マンガン(Mn)は、強化元素であり、部材の強度を上昇させることに有効である。Mn含有量が1.00%未満では、部材の冷却時に、フェライト、パーライト及びセメンタイトが生成してしまい、部材の強度を高めることが困難となる。一方、Mn含有量が5.00%を超えると、MnとP及びSとの共偏析が生じやすくなり、部材の加工性が著しく低下する。以上の理由により、Mn含有量は1.00~5.00%とする。なお、Mn含有量の下限値は、好ましくは1.80%、2.00%、または2.20%である。Mn含有量の上限値は、好ましくは4.50%、4.00%、または3.50%である。
りん(P)は、部材を構成する鋼板の板厚中央部(圧延面から部材の板厚の約3/8の深さの面と約5/8の深さの面との間の領域)に偏析する傾向があり、部材を溶接する際に形成される溶接部を脆化させる元素である。P含有量が0.040%を超えると溶接部の脆化が顕著になるので、P含有量は0.040%以下とする。なお、P含有量の好ましい上限値は、0.010%、0.009%、または0.008%である。また、P含有量の下限値を特に定める必要は無いので、P含有量の下限値を0%としてもよい。しかし、P含有量を0.0001%未満とすることは経済的に不利であるので、P含有量の下限値は0.0001%としてもよい。
硫黄(S)は、部材の溶接性と、部材を構成する鋼板の鋳造時及び熱延時の製造性とに悪影響を及ぼす元素である。また、Sは、粗大なMnSを形成して、部材の曲げ性及び穴拡げ性等を阻害する元素である。S含有量が0.0500%を超えると、上記の悪影響及び阻害が顕著になるので、S含有量は0.0500%以下とする。なお、S含有量の好ましい上限値は、0.0100%、0.0080%、または0.0050%である。また、Sの下限値を特に定める必要は無いので、S含有量の下限値を0%としてもよい。しかし、S含有量を0.0001%未満とすることは経済的に不利であるので、S含有量の下限値は、0.0001%としてもよい。
アルミニウム(Al)は、Siと同様に、セメンタイトの析出及び粗大化等の抑制に有効な元素である。また、Alは、脱酸剤としても活用可能な元素である。Al含有量が0.001%未満では、上述の効果が発現しない。一方、Al含有量が2.000%を超えると、Al系の粗大介在物の個数が増大して、鋼板の曲げ性劣化の原因、及び鋼板の表面に傷が発生する原因となる。以上の理由により、Al含有量は0.001~2.000%とする。なお、Al含有量の下限値は、好ましくは、0.010%、0.020%、または0.030%である。Al含有量の上限値は、好ましくは1.500%、1.200%、1.000%、0.250%、又は0.050%である。
窒素(N)は、粗大な窒化物を形成し、部材の曲げ性及び穴拡げ性を低下させる元素である。さらにNは、部材溶接時のブローホール発生の原因となる元素である。N含有量が0.0100%を超えると、部材の曲げ性及び穴拡げ性の低下が顕著となるだけでなく、部材の溶接時に多数のブローホールが発生するので、Nの含有量は0.0100%以下とする。なお、N含有量の好ましい上限値は0.0070%、0.0050%、または0.0030%である。また、N含有量の下限値は、特に定める必要が無いので、0%としてもよい。しかし、N含有量を0.0005%未満とすることは、製造コストの大幅な増加を招くので、N含有量の下限値を0.0005%としてもよい。
酸素(O)は、酸化物を形成し、部材の破断伸び、曲げ性、及び穴拡げ性等を低下させる元素である。特に、酸化物が部材の打抜き端面又は切断面に介在物として存在すると、酸化物が切欠き状の傷及び粗大なディンプル等を形成して、穴拡げ時及び強加工時等に応力集中を招いて亀裂を発生させ、穴拡げ性及び/又は曲げ性を大幅に低下させる。
モリブデン(Mo)は、強化元素であり、部材を構成する鋼板の焼入れ性向上に寄与する元素である。この効果を得るために、Mo含有量の下限値を0.01%としてもよい。一方、Mo含有量が1.00%を超えると、鋼板の製造時及び熱延時の製造性が阻害される場合がある。以上の理由により、Mo含有量は0.01%以上1.00%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、Mo含有量のさらに好ましい下限値は0.05%、0.10%、または0.15%である。Mo含有量のさらに好ましい上限値は0.60%、0.50%、または0.40%である。
クロム(Cr)は、強化元素であり、部材を構成する鋼板の焼入れ性向上に寄与する元素である。この効果を得るために、Cr含有量の下限値を0.05%としてもよい。一方、Cr含有量が2.00%を超えると、鋼板の製造時及び熱延時の製造性が阻害される場合がある。以上の理由により、Cr含有量は0.05%以上2.00%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、Cr含有量のさらに好ましい下限値は0.10%、0.15%、または0.20%である。Cr含有量のさらに好ましい上限値は1.80%、1.60%、または1.40%である。
ニッケル(Ni)は、強化元素であり、部材を構成する鋼板の焼入れ性向上に寄与する元素である。また、Niは、鋼板の濡れ性の向上及び合金化反応の促進に寄与する元素である。これら効果を得るために、Ni含有量の下限値を0.05%としてもよい。一方、Ni含有量が2.00%を超えると、鋼板の製造時及び熱延時の製造性が阻害される場合がある。以上の理由により、Ni含有量は0.05%以上2.00%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、Ni含有量のさらに好ましい下限値は0.10%、0.15%、または0.20%である。Ni含有量のさらに好ましい上限値は1.80%、1.60%、または1.40%である。
銅(Cu)は、強化元素であり、部材を構成する鋼板の焼入れ性向上に寄与する元素である。また、Cuは、鋼板の濡れ性の向上及び合金化反応の促進に寄与する元素である。これら効果を得るために、Cu含有量の下限値を0.05%としてもよい。一方、Cu含有量が2.00%を超えると、鋼板の製造時及び熱延時の製造性が阻害される場合がある。以上の理由により、Cu含有量は0.05%以上2.00%とすることが好ましい。なお、Cu含有量のさらに好ましい下限値は、0.10%、0.15%、または0.20%である。Cu含有量のさらに好ましい上限値は1.80%、1.60%、または1.40%である。
ニオブ(Nb)は、強化元素であり、析出物強化、フェライト結晶粒の成長抑制による細粒強化、及び再結晶の抑制による転位強化により、部材の強度上昇に寄与する元素である。これら効果を得るために、Nb含有量の下限値を0.005%としてもよい。一方、Nb含有量が0.300%を超えると、炭窒化物が過剰に析出して部材の成形性が低下する場合がある。以上の理由により、Nbの含有量は0.005%以上0.300%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、Nb含有量のさらに好ましい下限値は、0.008%、0.010%、または0.012%である。Nb含有量のさらに好ましい上限値は0.100%、0.080%、または0.060%である。
チタン(Ti)は、強化元素であり、析出物強化、フェライト結晶粒の成長抑制による細粒強化、及び再結晶の抑制による転位強化により、部材の強度上昇に寄与する元素である。これら効果を得るために、Ti含有量の下限値を0.005%としてもよい。一方、Ti含有量が0.300%を超えると、炭窒化物が過剰に析出して部材の成形性を低下させる場合がある。以上の理由により、Ti含有量は0.005%以上0.300%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、Ti含有量のさらに好ましい下限値は、0.010%、0.015%、または0.020%である。Ti含有量のさらに好ましい上限値は0.200%、0.150%、または0.100%である。
バナジウム(V)は、強化元素であり、析出物強化、フェライト結晶粒の成長抑制による細粒強化、及び再結晶の抑制による転位強化により、部材の強度上昇に寄与する元素である。これら効果を得るために、V含有量の下限値を0.005%としてもよい。一方、V含有量が0.300%を超えると、炭窒化物が過剰に析出して部材の成形性を低下させる場合がある。以上の理由により、V含有量は0.005%以上0.300%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、V含有量のさらに好ましい下限値は0.010%、0.015%、または0.020%である。V含有量のさらに好ましい上限値は0.200%、0.150%、または0.100%である。
ホウ素(B)は、粒界の強度の改善及び鋼の高強度化等に有効な元素である。これら効果を得るために、B含有量の下限値を0.0001%としてもよい。一方、B含有量が0.1000%を超えると、上述の効果が飽和するばかりでなく、鋼板の熱延時の製造性が阻害される場合がある。以上の理由により、B含有量は0.0001%以上0.1000%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、B含有量のさらに好ましい下限値は0.0003%、0.0005%、または0.0007%である。B含有量のさらに好ましい上限値は0.0100%、0.0080%、または0.0060%である。
(Mg:0~0.0100%)
(REM:0~0.0100%)
Ca、Mg、及びREM(Rare Earth Metal)は、鋼板の脱酸に有効な元素である。この効果を得るために、0.0005%以上のCa、0.0005%以上のMg、及び0.0005%以上のREMからなる群から選択される一種以上が部材に含有されても良い。一方、Ca、Mg、及びREMそれぞれの含有量が0.0100%を超えると、部材の加工性が阻害される。以上の理由により、Ca、Mg、及びREMの含有量は、それぞれ、0.0005%以上0.0100%以下であることが好ましい。なお、Ca含有量、Mg含有量、及びREM含有量それぞれのさらに好ましい下限値は、0.0010%、0.0020%、または0.0030%である。Ca含有量、Mg含有量、及びREM含有量それぞれのさらに好ましい上限値は、0.0090%、0.0080%、または0.0070%である。また、Ca、Mg、及びREMからなる群から選択される2種類以上が部材に含有される場合には、Ca、Mg、及びREMの合計含有量が0.0010%以上0.0250%以下であることが好ましい。
本実施形態に係る部材の化学成分の残部は、鉄及び不純物を含む。不純物とは、部材の原材料に含まれる成分、或いは部材の製造の過程で混入される成分であって、部材の諸特性に影響を及ぼさない成分をいう。具体的には、P、S、O、Sb、Sn、W、Co、As、Pb、Bi及びH等が不純物として挙げられる。これらのうち、P、S及びOは、上述のとおり制御する必要がある。また、通常の製造方法によれば、Sb、Sn、W、Co、及びAsは0.1%以下、Pb及びBiは0.010%以下、Hは0.0005%以下の範囲内で不純物として鋼材に混入し得るが、この範囲内であれば、特にこれら元素の含有量を制御する必要はない。
次に、本実施形態に係る高強度熱間プレス成形部材の、ミクロ組織の限定理由について説明する。なお、本明細書において、各組織の割合の単位「%」は「体積分率(体積%)」を意味する。また、本実施形態に係る部材のミクロ組織は、部材の1/4部において規定される。圧延面と中心面との間に位置する1/4部は、部材の典型的な構成を有するからである。本明細書において、特に断りが無い限り、ミクロ組織に関する記載は1/4部におけるミクロ組織に関する。また、本実施形態に係る部材は、加工を受けている箇所と受けていない箇所とを有するが、両者のミクロ組織は略同一である。
焼戻しマルテンサイトは、鋼を強化する組織であって、本実施形態に係る部材の強度を確保するために含ませる組織である。焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積分率が20%未満では、部材の強度が不足する。一方、焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積分率が90%を超えると、部材の延性及び曲げ性の確保のために必要なベイナイト及びオーステナイトが不足する。以上の理由により、焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積分率は、20%以上90%以下とする。なお、焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積分率の好ましい下限値は25%、30%、または35%である。焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積分率の好ましい上限値は85%、80%、または75%である。
ベイナイトは、部材の曲げ性を向上させるために重要な組織である。通常、部材が硬質なマルテンサイトと延性に優れる残留オーステナイトとからなる組織を有する場合、マルテンサイトと残留オーステナイトとの硬度差に起因して、部材の変形時にマルテンサイトへの応力集中が生ずる。この応力集中により、マルテンサイトと残留オーステナイトとの界面にボイドが形成され、その結果、部材の曲げ性が低下するおそれがある。しかしながら、部材がマルテンサイト及び残留オーステナイトに加えてベイナイトを含む組織を有する場合には、ベイナイトが組織間硬度差を小さくし、これにより、マルテンサイトへの応力集中が緩和されて、部材の曲げ性が向上する。
残留オーステナイトは、部材の延性を確保するために重要な組織である。残留オーステナイトは、鋼板のプレス成形時にマルテンサイトへと変態することで、優れた加工硬化及び高い均一伸びを鋼板にもたらす。残留オーステナイトの体積分率が5%未満では均一伸びが十分に得られず、優れた成形性の確保が難しい。一方、残留オーステナイトの体積分率が25%を超えると、鋼板の強度及び穴拡げ性の確保に必要なマルテンサイトとベイナイトとが不足する。以上の理由により、残留オーステナイトの体積分率は、5%以上25%以下とする。なお、残留オーステナイトの体積分率の好ましい下限値は7%、10%、または12%である。残留オーステナイトの体積分率の好ましい上限値は22%、20%、または18%である。
フェライトは、軟質な組織であるため、その体積分率はできる限り少ないことが好ましい。従って、フェライトの体積分率の下限値は0%である。フェライトの体積分率が10%を超えると、鋼板の強度を確保することが困難となる。従って、フェライトの体積分率は10%以下に制限される。なお、フェライトの体積分率の好ましい上限値は8%、5%、または3%である。
次に、本実施形態に係る高強度熱間プレス成形部材の、極密度の限定理由について説明する。なお本実施形態に係る部材の極密度は、部材の典型的な構成を有する、部材の1/4部において規定される。本明細書において、特に断りが無い限り、極密度に関する記載は1/4部における極密度に関する。また、本実施形態に係る部材は、加工を受けている箇所と受けていない箇所とを有するが、両者における極密度は略同一である。
図1は、ODF(φ2=45°断面)上の主な結晶方位の位置を示す図である。通常、圧延面に垂直な結晶方位を(hkl)又は{hkl}との表記で表示し、圧延方向に平行な結晶方位を[uvw]又は<uvw>との表記で表示する。{hkl}及び<uvw>は、等価な面及び方位の総称であり、(hkl)及び[uvw]は個々の結晶面を示す。
次に、本実施形態に係る高強度熱間プレス成形部材の製造方法を詳細に説明する。この高強度熱間プレス成形部材の製造方法は、上述した化学成分からなる冷延鋼板又は焼鈍鋼板である熱間プレス用素板を、最高加熱温度がAc3点以上に加熱する、加熱工程と、熱間プレス用素板に熱間プレス成形を行うと同時に、(Ms点-250℃)以上Ms点以下の温度範囲まで冷却する、熱間プレス成形・冷却工程と、を必須の工程として順次行う。また、本実施形態の高強度熱間プレス成形部材の製造方法は、これらの工程とは別に、上記熱間プレス成形・冷却工程の後、300~500℃の温度域に部材を再加熱し、次いで再加熱温度域に部材を10~1000秒保持した後、部材を室温まで冷却する、再加熱工程を任意選択的に行う。以下、各工程について説明する。なお、以下では、上記加熱工程前に行われる、熱間プレス用素板の準備工程についても併せて言及する。
本実施形態に係る部材の製造方法の説明において「加熱速度」及び「冷却速度」とは、温度Tを時間tで微分して得られるdT/dt(時刻tにおける瞬間速度)を意味する。例えば、「A℃からB℃までの温度範囲での加熱速度をX~Y℃/秒にする」という記載は、温度TがA℃からB℃まで変化する間のdT/dtが常にX~Y℃/秒の範囲内であることを意味する。
本工程は、後述する加熱工程に供する熱間プレス用素板(冷延鋼板又は焼鈍鋼板)を得る、準備工程である。鋳造に先行する各製造処理は、特に限定するものではない。即ち、高炉、電炉等による溶製に引き続いて、各種の二次製錬を行ってもよい。鋳造したスラブは、一度低温まで冷却した後、再度加熱してから熱間圧延してもよいし、連続的に(即ち、冷却及び再加熱を行わずに)熱延してもよい。熱間圧延では、920℃以下での温度領域での総圧下率を25%以上とすることが重要である。その理由は、以下の通りである。
(1)920℃超の温度領域における圧延は、圧延時または次の圧延までの空想時間中に再結晶が進行するので、ひずみを鋼に蓄積させ難く、その結果、集合組織の形成に十分に寄与しない可能性がある。
(2)920℃以下の温度領域における総圧下率が25%未満である場合、圧延による結晶回転効果が十分に得られないので、集合組織が十分に形成されない可能性が高い。
一方、冷間圧延の総圧下率が90%を超えると、再結晶の駆動力が高くなり過ぎて、後述する熱間プレスの加熱工程の際にフェライトが再結晶してしまう。後述する熱間プレスの加熱工程では、熱間プレス用素板がAc3点以上の温度まで加熱されるが、Ac3点に到達するまで熱間プレス用素板に未再結晶フェライトが残存していることが必要である。冷間圧延の総圧下率が90%を超える場合、この条件が達成されなくなる。また、上記総圧下率が90%を超えると、冷延荷重が大きくなり過ぎて冷延が困難となる。なお、冷間圧延の総圧下率rは、冷間圧延の終了後の板厚h1(mm)と、冷間圧延の開始前の板厚h2(mm)とを以下の式1に代入することにより求められる。
r=(h2-h1)/h2……(式1)
本工程は、上記準備工程を経て得られた冷延鋼板又は焼鈍鋼板である熱間プレス用素板を、Ac3点以上に加熱する工程である。熱間プレス用素板の最高加熱温度は、Ac3点以上とする。最高加熱温度がAc3点未満であると、高強度熱間プレス成形部材に多量のフェライトが生成するので、高強度熱間プレス成形部材の強度を確保することが難い。このことから、Ac3点を最高加熱温度の下限とする。一方、過度の高温加熱は、コストの上昇を招くことから経済的に好ましくないばかりでなく、プレス金型の寿命を低下させる等のトラブルを誘発することから、最高加熱温度はAc3点+50℃以下とすることが好ましい。
熱間プレス工程では、上記加熱工程を経た熱間プレス用素板に、熱間プレス成形手段(例えば金型)を用いて熱間プレス成形を行うと同時に、熱間プレス成形手段に設けられた冷却手段(例えば金型内の管路を流れる冷媒)等を用いて、(Ms点-250℃)以上Ms点以下の温度範囲まで冷却する。熱間プレス成形については、公知のいかなる方法を用いることもできる。
再加熱工程は、上記熱間プレス成形・冷却工程を経た部材を、300~500℃の温度域に再加熱し、次いで部材を再加熱温度域に10~1000秒保持した後、部材を再加熱温度域から室温まで冷却する工程である。当該再加熱は、通電加熱や誘導加熱を用いて行うことができる。再加熱工程は、任意選択的な工程であり、再加熱工程における保持とは、等温保持のみならず、上記温度域での徐冷や加熱も含む。従って、再加熱工程における保持時間とは、部材が再加熱温度域内にある期間の長さを意味する。
Claims (5)
- 単位質量%で、
C:0.100~0.600%、
Si:1.00~3.00%、
Mn:1.00~5.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.0500%以下、
Al:0.001~2.000%、
N:0.0100%以下、
O:0.0100%以下、
Mo:0~1.00%、
Cr:0~2.00%、
Ni:0~2.00%、
Cu:0~2.00%、
Nb:0~0.300%、
Ti:0~0.300%、
V:0~0.300%、
B:0~0.1000%、
Ca:0~0.0100%、
Mg:0~0.0100%、及び
REM:0~0.0100%
を含有し、
残部が鉄及び不純物からなり、
板厚1/4部におけるミクロ組織が、単位体積%で、焼戻しマルテンサイト:20~90%、ベイナイト:5~75%、及び残留オーステナイト:5~25%を含み、且つフェライトが10%以下に制限され、
前記板厚1/4部における{211}<011>方位の極密度が3.0以上である
ことを特徴とする熱間プレス成形部材。 - 単位質量%で、
Mo:0.01~1.00%、
Cr:0.05~2.00%、
Ni:0.05~2.00%、及び
Cu:0.05~2.00%
からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する
ことを特徴する請求項1に記載の熱間プレス成形部材。 - 単位質量%で、
Nb:0.005~0.300%、
Ti:0.005~0.300%、及び
V:0.005~0.300%
からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の熱間プレス成形部材。 - 単位質量%で、
B:0.0001~0.1000%
を含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の熱間プレス成形部材。 - 単位質量%で、
Ca:0.0005~0.0100%、
Mg:0.0005~0.0100%、及び
REM:0.0005~0.0100%
からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の熱間プレス成形部材。
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WO2019208556A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-31 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼部材およびその製造方法 |
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WO2021131876A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 熱延鋼板 |
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Also Published As
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JPWO2018033960A1 (ja) | 2018-08-16 |
US11028469B2 (en) | 2021-06-08 |
KR20190031533A (ko) | 2019-03-26 |
CN109563575B (zh) | 2021-03-05 |
EP3502291B1 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
RU2707846C1 (ru) | 2019-11-29 |
EP3502291A4 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
US20200157666A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
CN109563575A (zh) | 2019-04-02 |
BR112019001901A2 (pt) | 2019-05-07 |
EP3502291A1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
KR102197876B1 (ko) | 2021-01-05 |
MX2019001760A (es) | 2019-06-17 |
JP6103165B1 (ja) | 2017-03-29 |
CA3032914A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
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