WO2018030477A1 - 蓄電システム、車両、並びに機械設備 - Google Patents
蓄電システム、車両、並びに機械設備 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018030477A1 WO2018030477A1 PCT/JP2017/028972 JP2017028972W WO2018030477A1 WO 2018030477 A1 WO2018030477 A1 WO 2018030477A1 JP 2017028972 W JP2017028972 W JP 2017028972W WO 2018030477 A1 WO2018030477 A1 WO 2018030477A1
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- power storage
- storage system
- power
- storage device
- discharge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/18—Buses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/36—Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a power storage system and a vehicle, an electronic device, and a mechanical facility using the power storage system.
- the motor operates on electricity. These motor-driven automobiles are required to make effective use of electricity.
- a motor-driven automobile is equipped with a power storage system that stores electricity. When the automobile is accelerated, the motor is driven by electricity supplied from the power storage system. Further, regenerative energy generated by causing the motor to function as a generator during braking (deceleration) of the automobile is charged to the power storage system.
- Patent Document 1 shows that a power storage system combining a battery (secondary battery) and a capacitor is used. Capacitors can be discharged and charged faster than secondary batteries. By using a capacitor, the secondary battery is prevented from deteriorating. On the other hand, the performance of the capacitor was about 4000 W / kg in power density.
- Patent Document 2 an electrode material combining a carbon material and copper is used.
- Regenerative energy is the collection, storage, and reuse of energy during braking.
- braking that is, when decelerating, energy is changed to electricity and stored.
- a conventional capacitor has a power density of about 4000 W / kg.
- the power storage system needs to be prepared for an instantaneous high output when the automobile is decelerated.
- the performance of conventional capacitors has not always been able to cope with instantaneous high output.
- the present invention is to provide a power storage system that can cope with an instantaneous high output during deceleration.
- the power storage system includes a secondary battery and a rapid charge / discharge power storage device.
- the power density of the secondary battery is less than 7000 W / kg
- the power density of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device is 7000 W / kg or more.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power storage system according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another example of the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment in an automobile as an example of the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment in a train as an example of the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating an embodiment of the medical device as an example of the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment in an elevator as an example of the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment in a robot as an example of the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- the power storage system is a power storage system including a secondary battery and a quick charge / discharge power storage device.
- the power density of the secondary battery is less than 7000 W / kg
- the power density of the quick charge / discharge power storage device is 7000 W / kg or more. It is characterized by being.
- Figure 1 shows an example of a power storage system.
- 1 is a power storage system
- 2 is a secondary battery
- 3 is a rapid charge / discharge power storage device.
- Secondary battery 2 includes a battery that can be charged and discharged. Examples of such a battery include a Li ion secondary battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lead storage battery, and a fuel cell.
- the secondary battery 2 has a power density of less than 7000 W / kg.
- the power density of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device is 7000 W / kg or more.
- it is preferable that the power density of a rapid charging / discharging electrical storage device is 9000 W / kg or more.
- the power density indicates how much output per kg (kilogram). It is a value indicating the instantaneous power supply amount of the electricity storage device. The larger the power density, the larger the instantaneous power supply amount.
- the power density can be expressed not only as output per weight but also as output per volume.
- the power density can be expressed as an output per 1 L (liter) instead of the output per 1 kg described above.
- the power density per volume representing the unit of volume as 1 L indicates how much output can be obtained per 1 L.
- the power density of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device is preferably 7000 W / kg or more and 10000 W / L or more.
- the rapid charge / discharge power storage device, and hence the power storage system can be both reduced in weight and size.
- the power density of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device can be obtained, for example, as follows.
- the power density expressed by the weight of the single cell of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device that is, the weight power density P (W / kg) can be obtained by the following formula (1).
- V 1 is a discharge start voltage (V)
- V 2 is a discharge end voltage (V)
- R is an internal resistance ( ⁇ )
- M is a cell weight (kg).
- the power density expressed by the volume of the single cell of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device that is, the volume power density P (W / L) can be obtained by the following formula (2).
- V 1 is a discharge start voltage (V)
- V 2 is a discharge end voltage (V)
- R is an internal resistance ( ⁇ )
- V is a cell volume (L).
- Electric storage device is, for example, when a rapid charge and discharge the power storage device of the tungsten oxide were included in the electrode layer to be described later, the discharge starting voltage V 1 and the discharge end voltage V 2 may be set to the following values.
- Discharge starting voltages V 1 is set to 2.5V.
- Discharge end voltage V 2 is set to 1.5V.
- the discharge start voltage V 1 and the discharge end voltage V 2 can correspond to, for example, an upper limit value and a lower limit value of a voltage range in which the power storage device can be safely charged and discharged without being overcharged or overdischarged. Yes, it can respectively correspond to the cell voltage when the state of charge (SOC) of the laminate cell of the electricity storage device is 100% and the cell voltage when it is 0%.
- SOC state of charge
- the internal resistance R can be measured as follows. First, the SOC of a power storage device as a measurement target, for example, a laminate cell is adjusted to 50%. For this laminate cell, the series resistance at 1 kHz (amplitude 10 mV) is measured by the AC impedance method, and the obtained value is set as the internal resistance R.
- the cell weight M is obtained by measuring the weight of the laminate cell to be measured (including the outer container).
- a power storage device with insufficient performance for example, a plurality of power storage devices can be electrically connected in series in order to supplement the performance of each power storage device.
- the number of power storage devices increases, and thus the overall weight and volume increase. That is, even if the total output (power) can be increased by using a plurality of power storage devices in combination, the output per unit weight and volume (power density) remains low.
- the rapid charge / discharge power storage device in the power storage system of the embodiment has a high power density, and can exhibit a sufficient output even in a single cell state, for example. Also, when a plurality of cells of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device, for example, electrically connected in series, high output can be obtained while keeping the overall weight and volume increase relatively low. That is, the weight power density of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device is, for example, 7000 W / kg or more per cell. Also, when a plurality of cells are connected in series, the total weight power density can be 7000 W / kg or more. Similarly, the volume power density of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device is, for example, 10000 W / L or more per cell, and the total volume power density can be 10000 W / L or more when a plurality of cells are connected in series. .
- the total power (W) is 14040 (W )
- Power (W) power density (W / kg) ⁇ weight (kg) ⁇ number of series.
- power (W) power density (W / L) ⁇ volume (L) ⁇ number of series can be obtained.
- the power storage system of the embodiment is a combination of a secondary battery having a power density of less than 7000 W / kg and a rapid charge / discharge power storage device having a power density of 7000 W / kg or more. Since the rapid charge / discharge power storage device having a high power density is used, the rapid charge / discharge power storage device can be charged / discharged prior to the secondary battery. Therefore, instantaneous power supply becomes possible.
- the secondary battery preferably has an energy density of 30 Wh / kg or more.
- the energy density is a value indicating the capacity of the secondary battery.
- This is a power storage system that combines a secondary battery with a large capacity and a power storage device with high instantaneous power. Such a power storage system can perform quick charge / discharge with a quick charge / discharge power storage device. Therefore, the number of times of charging / discharging the secondary battery can be reduced. Thereby, deterioration of a secondary battery can be prevented.
- the power density of a typical lithium ion secondary battery may be about 2400 W / kg (about 3730 W / L), for example.
- the energy density of a typical lithium ion secondary battery can be, for example, about 120 Wh / kg (about 190 Wh / L).
- the power density of a typical lead battery can be, for example, about 100 W / kg.
- the energy density of a typical lead battery can be, for example, on the order of 30 Wh / kg.
- the power density of a typical nickel metal hydride battery can be, for example, about 300 W / kg.
- the energy density of a typical nickel metal hydride battery can be, for example, on the order of 40 Wh / kg.
- the power density of a typical capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC; Electric Double Layer Capacitor) can be, for example, about 6700 W / kg.
- the energy density of a typical capacitor can be, for example, on the order of about 4 Wh / kg.
- the energy density of the power storage system (Wh / kg) / weight of the power storage system cell (kg) ) Ratio is preferably 1 or more. The fact that the energy density is high relative to the weight of the cell of the power storage system indicates that the capacity is reduced.
- the power storage system energy density E S ( Wh / kg) is preferably a ratio E S / W S between the power storage system cell weight Ws (kg), that is, the total energy density relative to the total cell weight in the power storage system is 1 or more.
- Such a preferable power storage system satisfies the relationship of E S / W S ⁇ 1.
- the power storage system can be made smaller and lighter.
- the reduction in size and weight of the power storage system is also effective in improving the fuel efficiency of the vehicle when mounted on a vehicle, which will be described later. Further, as will be described later, when the regenerative energy of the vehicle is charged, the battery can be charged at a speed of 25 km / h or more.
- any one or two of the secondary battery and the rapid charge / discharge power storage device may be connected.
- FIG. 2 there are a first secondary battery 2-1, a second secondary battery 2-2, a first rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device 3-1, and a second rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device 3-2. .
- the first secondary battery 2-1 and the second secondary battery 2-2 are connected in series.
- the first rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device 3-1 and the second rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device 3-2 are connected in series.
- Secondary batteries are connected in series, and rapid charge / discharge storage devices are connected in series.
- a secondary battery group and a rapid charge / discharge power storage device group are connected in parallel. As a result, the capacity of the power storage system can be increased.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which two secondary batteries (2-1 and 2-2) are electrically connected in series in the secondary battery group.
- three or more secondary batteries may be connected in series.
- three or more secondary batteries may be electrically connected by combining series connection and parallel connection.
- the rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device group in FIG. 2 an example is shown in which two rapid charge / discharge electricity storage devices (3-1 and 3-2) are electrically connected in series.
- three or more rapid charge / discharge electricity storage devices may be connected in series.
- three or more rapid charge / discharge power storage devices may be electrically connected in combination of series connection and parallel connection.
- the form of electrical connection between the secondary battery 2 and the rapid charge / discharge storage device 3 is not limited to parallel connection.
- the secondary battery 2 and the rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device 3 are electrically connected in series. Can be connected.
- An alternator is used in the car. Although details will be described later, the electricity (regenerative energy) generated by the alternator is first stored in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device. Thereafter, the electricity from the rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device is charged into a secondary battery electrically connected in series with the rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device via a control circuit such as a DC-DC converter. The electricity charged in the secondary battery can be supplied to a load including an electronic device such as an air conditioner installed in an automobile, for example.
- the secondary battery group and the rapid charge / discharge electrical storage device group may be electrically connected in parallel.
- the secondary battery and the rapid charge / discharge power storage device may have an integrated unit structure or may be arranged at a remote position.
- the secondary battery and the rapid charge / discharge power storage device may be electrically connected directly or may be connected via a control circuit such as a DC-DC converter, for example, as in the above example.
- control circuit examples include switching elements, average cell voltage control, and current sensors.
- a CPU, a temperature sensor, and the like may be provided as necessary.
- the rapid charge / discharge power storage device includes a tungsten oxide powder in the electrode layer.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the cell structure of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device.
- 4 is a negative electrode
- 5 is a positive electrode
- 6 is a negative electrode layer
- 7 is a positive electrode layer
- 8 is a separator
- 9 is an electrolyte.
- a negative electrode layer 6 is provided on the negative electrode 4.
- a positive electrode layer 7 is provided on the positive electrode 5.
- the negative electrode layer 6 and the positive electrode layer 7 are disposed to face each other with a separator 8 interposed therebetween.
- An electrolyte solution 9 is filled between the negative electrode layer 6 and the positive electrode layer 7.
- either one of the negative electrode layer 6 and the positive electrode layer 7 includes tungsten oxide powder.
- the tungsten oxide powder preferably has an activation energy E ⁇ of 0.05 eV or less. Moreover, it is preferable that this powder has a hopping conduction characteristic at normal temperature (25 degreeC).
- the oxygen deficiency of the powder is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the carrier density of the powder is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the average particle diameter of this powder is 50 micrometers or less, Furthermore, it is 10 micrometers or less.
- Such tungsten oxide powder is disclosed in International Publication No. WO2016 / 039157 (Patent Document 3).
- the tungsten oxide powder can increase the storage capacity and increase the charge / discharge efficiency by providing oxygen vacancies. Further, it is preferable to increase the oxygen deficiency amount so that it falls within the range of WO 2.68 to 2.75 .
- the diffusion path of Li ions in the crystal structure becomes large.
- the crystal structure of tungsten oxide having a composition represented by WO 2.72 has a hexagonal tunnel, and Li ions in the crystal diffuse quickly. Therefore, since Li ion conductivity is high, charging / discharging efficiency becomes high. Further, as will be described later, the internal resistance of the electrode layer containing tungsten oxide can be reduced by introducing oxygen vacancies. As a result, the internal resistance of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device can be reduced.
- Introduction of oxygen vacancies into the crystal structure of tungsten oxide can be performed, for example, by performing a treatment in a hydrogen mixed nitrogen atmosphere on the tungsten oxide powder.
- the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 4 are made of a conductive material.
- the conductive material include copper, aluminum, titanium, carbon-coated aluminum, carbon-coated copper, and alloys thereof.
- the positive electrode layer 7 is preferably a lithium composite oxide.
- the lithium composite oxide include lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), and ternary materials (for example, LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1 / 3 O 2 ) and the like are preferable.
- the negative electrode layer 6 is preferably a graphite-based material or metal layer pre-doped with Li. Examples of the graphite material include graphite, hard carbon, carbon nanotube, graphene, and fullerene. Examples of the metal layer include lithium, silicon, and silicon alloy.
- the electrode layer disposed to face the electrode layer made of tungsten oxide powder is preferably Li simple substance or Li composite oxide. These combinations can efficiently deliver Li ions. Therefore, the power density and energy density can be increased.
- the internal resistance of the electrode layer containing tungsten oxide powder in terms of reducing the weight and size of the cell of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device. Specifically, it is preferable to reduce the internal resistance of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device to 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less by reducing the internal resistance of the electrode layer.
- the regenerative energy becomes a large current.
- the cell When trying to store a large current, the cell generates heat, causing a safety problem. For this reason, conventionally, for example, regenerative energy is stored only in a low speed region of 15 km / h or less. Since the rapid charge / discharge power storage device according to the embodiment has reduced internal resistance, the amount of heat generated by the cell can be suppressed. Thereby, even when the moving speed of the vehicle is 25 km / h or more, safety when storing electricity is high.
- the internal resistance in the electricity storage device can be reduced, for example, as follows. For example, by introducing oxygen vacancies into the crystalline structure of tungsten oxide, the internal resistance of the electrode layer can be lowered.
- a method of mixing a conductive material with tungsten oxide powder can be mentioned. It is also effective to provide a conductive material between the electrode layer made of tungsten oxide powder and the negative electrode or positive electrode.
- An example of the conductive material is carbon powder.
- the proportion of the tungsten oxide powder decreases, so the capacity decreases. Further, when the average particle diameter of the tungsten oxide powder is C ( ⁇ m) and the average particle diameter of the conductive material is D ( ⁇ m), it is preferable that C> D. By reducing the particle size of the conductive material, the internal resistance can be easily reduced because it enters the gap between the tungsten oxide powders.
- a conductive material mixed with tungsten oxide or a conductive material provided between the electrode layer and the negative electrode or positive electrode more specifically, for example, a conductive auxiliary agent such as acetylene black, ketjen black, or graphite is used.
- a conductive auxiliary agent such as acetylene black, ketjen black, or graphite is used.
- the contact resistance between the particles in the electrode layer can be reduced, and as a result, the internal resistance can be suppressed.
- a conductive material is provided between the electrode layer and the negative electrode or positive electrode, for example, a conductive layer such as a carbon layer is formed on a metal foil or alloy foil as the negative electrode or positive electrode.
- a conductive layer such as a carbon layer is formed on a metal foil or alloy foil as the negative electrode or positive electrode.
- the method for forming the conductive layer is not limited to the following, but for example, the conductive layer can be formed as follows. A coating material containing a conductive material is applied to the surface of the foil. A conductive layer is obtained by drying the applied coating material. Note that when a carbon layer is formed on an aluminum foil using a coating material containing a carbon material as a conductive material, carbon-coated aluminum can be produced.
- a negative electrode layer (tungsten oxide layer) is formed on the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode layer may contain a conductive material (conductive aid) in addition to the tungsten oxide powder.
- the negative electrode side electrode may include a conductive layer.
- a press treatment is performed on the formed negative electrode layer.
- the electrode density before pressing for example, the density of the negative electrode layer, which was 1.8 g / cm 3
- the electrode density after pressing is preferably 2.2 g / cm 3 or more, and more preferably 3.0 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the positive electrode layer can be increased by pressing in the same manner in the case of the power storage system including the positive electrode layer containing tungsten oxide.
- the press pressure in the press treatment is preferably 300 kg / cm or more for both the negative electrode side and the positive electrode side.
- the electrode density of any of a negative electrode layer and a positive electrode layer can be 2.2 g / cm ⁇ 3 > or more.
- tungsten oxide having oxygen deficiency and a metal foil coated with a carbon layer can be combined.
- the thickness of the positive electrode layer 7 and the negative electrode layer 6 is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode layer 7 or the negative electrode layer 6 made of tungsten oxide powder preferably has a porosity in the range of 20% to 80%.
- the film thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m, the amount of tungsten oxide powder is small, so the capacity is reduced.
- the thickness exceeds 100 ⁇ m the electrolytic solution may not easily enter the interior.
- the porosity is higher than 80%, the amount of tungsten oxide powder is reduced and the capacity is lowered.
- any of the electrode layers of the positive electrode layer 7 and the negative electrode layer 6 if the electrolytic solution does not enter the inside, the contact area between the tungsten oxide powder or other electrode materials and the electrolytic solution decreases. As a result, since the delivery efficiency of Li ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is reduced, the power density of the electricity storage device can be reduced.
- the electrode density when the electrode density is increased by pressing, it is desirable to increase the electrode density within a range where the porosity is 20% or more and 80% or less.
- the separator is made of porous polyethylene or polypropylene and has a thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less. It is preferable to prevent a short circuit between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- the electrolytic solution contains LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 as electrolytes as Li salts, and ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC) as nonaqueous solvents, Dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), gamma butyrolactone ( ⁇ -BL), valerolactone (VL) and a mixed solvent thereof are preferable.
- a larger area where the positive electrode and the negative electrode face each other is more desirable for improving the power density because there are more regions where Li ions can be efficiently transferred between these electrodes.
- the facing area between the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be increased, for example, by increasing the area of each electrode and taking an arrangement in which there are many overlapping portions. Further, for example, by constructing a multi-layer laminate cell using a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes, the facing area between the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be increased overall.
- the power density of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device can be increased to 7000 W / kg or more by appropriately combining the above designs. Specifically, tungsten oxide powder is used for the electrode layer, the internal resistance is reduced by the above means, the thickness and the porosity of the electrode layer are within the above-described ranges, and the area where the positive electrode and the negative electrode face each other is increased. Thus, it is possible to obtain a rapid charge / discharge power storage device exhibiting a high power density.
- the power storage system as described above can be rapidly charged and discharged.
- the rapid charge / discharge power storage device with high power density can be used preferentially, the number of times the secondary battery is used can be reduced. As a result, the life of the secondary battery can be extended. Further, by using a rapid charge / discharge power storage device having a power density of 7000 W / kg or more, the power storage system can be reduced in size and weight.
- Such a power storage system is preferably used for vehicles, electronic devices, and mechanical equipment.
- Vehicles include automobiles and electric railways. Examples of the automobile include automobiles driven by a motor such as a hybrid automobile and an electric automobile. In addition, the automobile is not particularly limited, such as a private car, a bus, a crane car, and a truck.
- the vehicle driven by the motor collects and accumulates energy during deceleration and reuses it.
- the energy during deceleration is called regenerative energy.
- This regenerative energy is stored in the rapid charge / discharge storage device.
- Regenerative energy is generated during deceleration, that is, during braking.
- the brake is stepped on each time. Since a rapid charge / discharge power storage device having a power density of 7000 W / kg or more is used, regenerative energy generated instantaneously can be efficiently recovered. Further, it is possible to instantaneously supply electricity necessary for accelerating the motor. Regenerative energy is generated during deceleration. Until now, the battery could only be charged when decelerated to 15 km / h or less.
- a rapid charge / discharge power storage device having a power density of 7000 W / kg or higher, regenerative energy can be stored even when the moving speed of the vehicle is 25 km / h or higher. This also increases the power storage efficiency. In addition, the weight can be reduced, leading to improved fuel economy.
- an electronic device indicates a device driven by electricity.
- medical equipment such as CT determines contract power according to the maximum power.
- it is used at 50% to 80% of the maximum power under normal usage conditions.
- power that is insufficient only when the maximum power is required can be supplied from the power storage system.
- contract power can be reduced. Since a rapid charge / discharge power storage system with high power density is used, even if the maximum power is required instantaneously, it can be sufficiently supplied.
- the electronic device includes, for example, a device that uses a power storage system to make up for power that is insufficient for maximum power.
- the mechanical equipment is equipped with operating equipment.
- the mechanical equipment include one selected from an elevator, a crane, a robot, and a machine tool.
- These mechanical facilities have facilities that operate with a motor.
- the elevator is equipped with a motor (winding machine) that moves the car up and down. If the motor is on, it will rise and fall repeatedly. Regenerative energy can be stored when moving up and down.
- a rapid charge / discharge power storage device having a power density of 7000 W / kg or more, power can be stored even with slight acceleration / deceleration.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing recovery of regenerative energy of an automobile as an example of an embodiment of a vehicle, more specifically, an automobile, for an electricity storage system according to an embodiment.
- 2 is a secondary battery
- 3 is a rapid charge / discharge storage device
- 10 is an alternator
- 11 is a DC-DC converter
- 12 is a load
- 41 is an engine
- 42 is a wheel.
- the alternator 10 is an AC power generation device that converts the kinetic energy of rotation of the engine 41 into electric energy, and is responsible for energy regeneration. For example, even when the automobile is decelerating, the rotation of the wheels 42 rolling on the road surface is transmitted to the engine 41 via a power transmission mechanism such as an axle or a differential gear, so the engine 41 rotates. The alternator 10 generates electric power using this rotational energy.
- the electrical energy generated by the alternator 10 is temporarily stored in the rapid charge / discharge storage device 3. Thereafter, electricity can be stored in the secondary battery 2 from the rapid charge / discharge power storage device 3 via the DC-DC converter 11. Further, electricity can be supplied from the secondary battery 2 to the load 12 for use.
- the load 12 includes, for example, an electronic device built in the automobile such as a car navigation system, an air conditioner, and an audio device.
- the electricity stored in the secondary battery 2 as the power for the load 12, for example, even if the power generation in the engine consuming the fuel in the hybrid car is reduced, the power can be sufficiently supplied. As a result, fuel consumption can be reduced.
- Acceleration energy recovery amount is greatly affected by charge acceptance.
- the recovery rate of the regenerative energy can be reduced if the charging (power storage) speed and capacity of the battery or power storage system are not sufficient.
- the charge acceptability of the lead battery is limited, and the generated power of the alternator may not be efficiently recovered.
- studies are underway on the use of capacitors.
- the voltage of the capacitor varies depending on the state of charge of a lead battery having a substantially constant terminal voltage. Therefore, the alternator needs to support a wide range of voltages.
- a variable voltage alternator corresponding to a voltage of 12V-25V has also been developed. By adopting this alternator, it is possible to increase the capacitor voltage up to 25 V at the time of deceleration regeneration and to generate electric power, thereby improving the amount of energy regeneration.
- the cell may generate heat and the temperature will rise, which may impair safety.
- a control circuit with a safety mechanism that switches on the cooling mechanism when the temperature rises or stops so that no more current flows can be adopted. it can. Since power is consumed to operate the cooling mechanism, it is desirable that the amount of current is not excessive. For example, it is desirable that the charge acceptability of the power storage system be designed to be compatible with the output of the alternator.
- the secondary battery 2 has a larger capacity than the rapid charge / discharge power storage device 3.
- a space can be provided in the capacity of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device 3.
- the rapid charge / discharge power storage device 3 can fully recover the regenerative energy generated when the automobile next decelerates. If there is not enough space in the capacity of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device 3, the amount of regenerative energy that can be recovered can be reduced. Alternatively, the rapid charge / discharge power storage device 3 may be overcharged and safety may be impaired.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing recovery of regenerative energy of a train as an example of an embodiment of a vehicle, more specifically, a train, that is, a railway vehicle, for the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- 50 is a train
- 51 is a pantogram
- 52 is a wheel
- 1 is a power storage system
- 21 is a voltage converter
- 22 is an inverter
- 23 is an overhead line
- 31 is a track.
- the pantogram 51 In the train 50, the pantogram 51, the voltage converter 21, the power storage system 1, the inverter 22, and a drive motor (not shown) for driving the wheels 52 are electrically connected.
- the pantagram 51 is in contact with the overhead line 23 arranged on the route of the train 50.
- the pantagram 51 may be capable of changing its height by a spring-like structure, for example.
- the voltage converter 21 converts a DC voltage as appropriate, for example, converts a direct current of 1500 V into a direct current of 600 V, and supplies it to the inverter 22 and the power storage system 1.
- the voltage converter 21 can be, for example, a DC-DC converter.
- the inverter 22 converts DC power into AC and supplies it to the drive motor.
- the train 50 can travel by driving the wheels 52 by the operation of the drive motor.
- the DC power supplied to the power storage system 1 is stored in, for example, a secondary battery or a secondary battery group included in the power storage system 1.
- the direct current is the rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device or the rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device group, or the rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device (group) and the secondary battery (group) included in the electricity storage system 1. Both of them may be charged.
- the power supply to the drive motor is cut and the brake is applied.
- the drive motor rotates and regenerative power is generated.
- the inverter 22 converts the regenerative power generated by the drive motor into direct current and supplies it to the power storage system 1.
- the regenerative power that has been DC converted and supplied to the power storage system 1 is stored in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device.
- the power storage system 1 stores regenerative power, kinetic energy can be regenerated during deceleration.
- the power density of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device is high, the charge acceptance of the power storage system 1 is high. For example, even if the instantaneous amount of regenerative power is large, the temperature rise of the rapid charge / discharge power storage system is small. Therefore, in the train 50 that repeatedly accelerates and decelerates from the station to the high traveling speed, the regenerative power during deceleration can be a large current, but the power storage system 1 can cope with a large current input.
- the regenerative power stored in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device by energy regeneration can then be charged into the secondary battery.
- regenerative energy is transferred to a secondary battery having a larger capacity, and a capacity is provided in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device, so that more regenerative power is recovered when the train 50 next decelerates. can do.
- the power supplied via the pantogram 51 is charged to the secondary battery of the power storage system 1.
- the electric power stored in the power storage system 1 can be used, for example, to run the train 50 in a section where there is no overhead line 23.
- the electric power stored in the electrical storage system 1 can be used as electric power of other loads, for example, the electronic equipment which train 50, such as illumination, an air-conditioner, and an electronic display panel, interiors.
- Examples of mechanical equipment using the power storage system according to the embodiment include electronic equipment that requires a power source for driving and mechanical equipment including equipment that requires a power source when operating.
- FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram showing an X-ray generation device as an example of an embodiment of a mechanical facility, more specifically, an embodiment of a medical device, regarding the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- 60 is an X-ray generator
- 61 is a generator (X-ray generator)
- 62 is a central processing unit (CPU)
- 1 is a power storage system
- 24 is a switchboard
- R1 is an imaging room.
- the X-ray generator 60 can be, for example, an X-ray irradiation device included in an X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) apparatus.
- the X-ray CT apparatus can include, for example, an X-ray detector capable of exchanging signals with the X-ray generation apparatus 60 in a wired or wireless manner.
- the CPU 62 controls the operation of the X-ray generator 60.
- the CPU 62 can control and manage the supply of power to each unit of the X-ray generator 60.
- the CPU 62 can control and manage the operation of the entire X-ray CT apparatus including the exchange of signals between the X-ray generator 60 and the X-ray detector.
- the switchboard 24 can be, for example, a switchboard installed in a medical facility provided with the X-ray generator 60.
- the electric power stored in the power storage system 1 is supplied to the generator 61. Since the amount of power required by the generator 61 differs depending on the usage situation, the amount of power supplied to the generator 61 is controlled by the CPU 62. For example, the power consumed by the generator 61 when generating X-rays for X-ray imaging can be 5.5 kWs (using an X-ray generator with an output of 80 kW and consuming 110 kVA for 50 msec) if you did this). On the other hand, the power consumed by the generator 61 is low during the standby time after waiting for the next imaging after the X-ray image is captured, for example.
- the X-ray generator 60 requires a large amount of power (for example, 5.5 kWs) when generating X-rays with the generator 61, for example, but does not require a large amount of power during standby, for example. That is, a high power supply amount may be required only when the generator 61 is operated.
- the commercial power supplied from the switchboard during standby is stored in the quick charge / discharge power storage device of the power storage system 1, and when the generator 61 is operated, the power stored in the quick charge / discharge power storage device is instantaneously extracted and used. be able to.
- the amount of electric power for operating the generator 61 is 5.5 kWs, and shooting is performed once every 5 seconds. If 1.1 kW of electric power is supplied to and stored in the quick charge / discharge power storage device during the standby time of 5 seconds, the operation of the generator 61 at the moment of photographing can be covered.
- the generator 61, the CPU 62, and the power storage system 1 of the X-ray generator 60 can be installed in a radiographing room R1 in a medical facility as illustrated.
- at least one of the CPU 62 and the power storage system 1 can be installed outside the photographing room R1.
- the CPU 62 and / or the power storage system 1 can be installed in a front room (not shown) adjacent to the photographing room R1.
- the switchboard 24 may be installed outside the photographing room R1 as shown in FIG. 6, or may be installed inside the photographing room R1.
- the medical facility may include a plurality of imaging rooms R1 in which generators 61 are installed.
- Each of the plurality of shooting rooms R1 may be provided with the CPU 62, or for example, one CPU may manage the operations in all the shooting rooms in an integrated manner.
- the power storage systems 1 may be installed in each of the plurality of shooting rooms R1, or, for example, one power storage system 1 can supply power to the generators 61 in the plurality of shooting rooms R1. It is good also as a design.
- FIG. 70 is an elevator
- 71 is a car
- 72 is a counterweight
- 73 is a hoist
- 1 is a power storage system
- 25 is a commercial power supply
- 26 is a control panel.
- the car 71 and the counterweight 72 are connected by a cable or the like via a hoisting machine 73 and a pulley.
- a hoisting machine 73 pulls the cable in one direction
- the car 71 rises and the counterweight 72 descends.
- the hoisting machine 73 pulls the cable in the opposite direction
- the car 71 descends and the counterweight 72 rises.
- the control panel 26 supplies power from the commercial power supply 25 to the hoisting machine 73 according to the situation.
- the hoisting machine 73 operates using the supplied electric power, and can raise and lower the car 71.
- the control panel 26 uses the secondary battery or the quick charge / discharge power storage instead of the commercial power supply 25. Electric power can be supplied from the device to the hoisting machine 73.
- the control panel 26 can also simultaneously supply power to the hoisting machine 73 from both the commercial power supply 25 and the power storage system 1.
- the counterweight 72 is designed to balance with the car 71 when, for example, the number of passengers in the car 71 is about half of the capacity.
- the hoisting machine 73 is operated by the electric power supplied from the commercial power supply 25 or the power storage system 1, and the car 71 can be moved up and down.
- the weight of the car 71 including the passenger can be higher than the weight of the weight 72.
- gravity can be used when the car 71 is lowered, and the cable is pulled toward the car 71 as the car 71 is lowered.
- the hoisting machine 73 rotates and generates electricity. That is, regenerative electric power is generated when the car 71 descends due to gravity.
- the weight of the car 71 including the passenger can be lower than the weight of the weight 72.
- the action of gravity on the counterweight 72 can be used, and the cable is pulled toward the counterweight 72 as the car 71 rises.
- the hoisting machine 73 rotates and generates electricity. That is, regenerative electric power is generated when the counterweight 72 is lowered by gravity.
- the regenerative power generated by the hoisting machine 73 is supplied to the rapid charge / discharge power storage device of the power storage system 1 via the control panel 26.
- the regenerative power can be stored in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device and then supplied to the secondary battery.
- the regenerative power stored in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device can be supplied to the hoisting machine 73 as power for moving the car 71 up and down. Similar to the vehicle example described above, in order to maintain a large amount of regenerative electric power that can be recovered, it is desirable to secure an empty capacity in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device. By moving the regenerative power stored in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device to the secondary battery or the hoisting machine 73, the free capacity of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device can be secured.
- the regenerative power stored in the secondary battery is also supplied to the hoisting machine 73 as necessary. Covering part of the power for operating the hoisting machine 73 with the rapid charge / discharge power storage device or the regenerative power stored in the secondary battery, the amount of commercial power used from the commercial power supply 25 can be reduced. Further, by using a large-capacity secondary battery as the secondary battery included in the power storage system 1, the elevator 70 can be operated even in a situation where power supply from the commercial power supply 25 cannot be received due to a power failure or the like. it can.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an automated guided vehicle as an example of an embodiment of the robot for the power storage system according to the embodiment.
- 80 is an automatic guided vehicle
- 81 is a charge / discharge monitoring device
- 82 is a charger
- 1 is a power storage system
- 25 is a commercial power source.
- the charger 82 and the electrical storage system 1 can be electrically connected through an external terminal (not shown) provided in the automatic guided vehicle 80, for example.
- the charge / discharge monitor device 81 monitors the state of charge (SOC) of the power storage system 1.
- the charge / discharge monitor device 81 can monitor the charge state of the power storage system 1 as a whole.
- the charge / discharge monitor device 81 monitors the charge state of each cell of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device included in the power storage system 1 and the charge state of each cell of the secondary battery included in the power storage system 1. obtain.
- the charging state of the plurality of electrically connected quick charging / discharging power storage devices that is, the charging state of the rapid charging / discharging power storage device group
- the charging state of the plurality of electrically connected secondary batteries that is, Can monitor the state of charge of the secondary battery group.
- the charge / discharge monitor device 81 monitors the presence or absence of an abnormal state in the power storage system 1.
- the abnormal state can include, for example, overcharge, overdischarge, excessive temperature rise, and the like of a quick charge / discharge power storage device or a secondary battery.
- the charge / discharge monitor device 81 when the charge / discharge monitor device 81 detects that the state of charge of the secondary battery in the power storage system 1 has fallen below a predetermined value, the charge / discharge monitor device 81 transmits a signal to a control system (not shown).
- the control system may be provided in the automatic guided vehicle 80 or may be provided outside the automatic guided vehicle 80.
- the signal can be transmitted to the control system by wire or wirelessly.
- the control system that has received a signal notifying that the state of charge of the secondary battery has fallen below a predetermined value can transmit a charge instruction to the automatic guided vehicle.
- the instructions can be transmitted by wire or wireless.
- the automatic guided vehicle that has received the instruction moves to a predetermined position where the charger 82 and the power storage system 1 can be electrically connected as necessary, for example, and starts charging.
- the amount of current supplied from the commercial power supply 25 is unstable, a surge current is generated, and a large current is supplied to the power storage system 1.
- a control circuit included in the charge / discharge monitor device 81 or the charger 82
- control is performed so that the current is input to the rapid charge / discharge storage device. Since the rapid charge / discharge power storage device has high energy density and high power acceptability, it can safely cope with surge current. For example, even if a large surge current is input, since the temperature rise of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device can be suppressed, damage to members of the automated guided vehicle 80 due to heating is unlikely to occur.
- the power once stored in the rapid charge / discharge power storage device is charged in the secondary battery, and the capacity of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device is opened to cope with the occurrence of another surge current.
- the charge / discharge monitor device 81 detects that the power storage system 1 is fully charged, it transmits a signal to the control system.
- the fully charged state of the power storage system 1 can be, for example, a state where the secondary battery is fully charged, or a state where both the secondary battery and the quick charge / discharge power storage device are fully charged.
- the control system can issue an operation start command to the automatic guided vehicle according to the situation.
- the number of times charging is required can be reduced.
- a vehicle, an electronic device, and a mechanical facility equipped with the power storage system according to the embodiment can efficiently store regenerative energy. Moreover, since it can respond to instantaneous discharge, contract electric power can be reduced rather than maximum electric power.
- -Material of negative electrode layer tungsten oxide powder WO 2.72 (particle size 2 ⁇ m), conductive additive (acetylene black with particle size 0.03 ⁇ m), PVDF binder-Material of positive electrode layer: LiCoO 2 powder (particle size 5 ⁇ m) conductive Auxiliary agent (acetylene black having a particle size of 0.03 ⁇ m), PVDF binder ⁇ Positive electrode base material, negative electrode base material: aluminum foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m), or carbon-coated aluminum foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m) ⁇ Separator: Polypropylene (thickness 25 ⁇ m) Electrolyte: EC / DEC (1/1 vol%) 1M LiPF 6
- Sample 4 was an existing Li ion capacitor.
- a plurality of negative electrodes and a plurality of positive electrodes were alternately stacked with separators interposed therebetween.
- the counter electrode total area shown in Table 1 is the total area of the portions where the negative electrode and the positive electrode face each other.
- the electrode density was measured as follows. First, arbitrary 3 layers were extracted from the laminated
- the porosity of the electrode layers was measured as follows. A cross section of 20 ⁇ m ⁇ thickness in the electrode layer was observed (20000 times) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; Scanning Electron Microscope) to measure the area of the pores. The pore can be identified by the difference in contrast. Moreover, when it was not possible to measure in one field of view, the measurement was divided into multiple times.
- the power density (both weight and volume units), energy density, cell weight, cell volume, and internal resistance shown in Table 2 were measured by the methods described above.
- the 1-cell average voltage is obtained by measuring an average voltage when discharged at 1 C in a predetermined voltage range. For example, in the case of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device sample 1, an average voltage measured when the cell is discharged at 1 C in a voltage range of 1.5 V to 2.5 V is shown.
- the secondary battery has an average voltage of 12 V, a power density of 100 W / kg, an energy density of 30 Wh / kg, a weight of 10 kg, and a volume of 5.7 L.
- the power storage systems according to Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 were manufactured by combining the rapid charge / discharge power storage device samples 1 to 6 and the secondary battery in parallel.
- the combination conditions are as shown in Table 3.
- the weight of the cell of an electrical storage system is the value which totaled the weight of the cell of the rapid charging / discharging electrical storage device, and the cell of a secondary battery.
- the volume of the power storage system is a value obtained by summing the volume of the cell of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device and the volume of the cell of the secondary battery.
- Weight power density P S of power storage system (weight power density of quick charge / discharge power storage device ⁇ total cell weight according to number of series + weight power density of secondary battery ⁇ cell total weight according to number of series) / (rapid charge Total cell weight of the discharge electricity storage device + total cell weight of the secondary battery).
- weight energy density E S of the electricity storage system (weight energy density of rapid charge / discharge electricity storage device ⁇ total cell weight according to the number of series + weight energy density of secondary battery ⁇ cell total weight according to the number of series) / ( Total cell weight of rapid charge / discharge power storage device + total cell weight of secondary battery).
- Example 1 will be described.
- six samples 1 power density 7000 W / kg, energy density 22.6 Wh / kg
- the cell weight at that time is 0.54 kg.
- the weight of the lead battery power density 100 W / kg, energy density 30 Wh / kg
- the power storage system according to the example had high power density and energy density. Further, the weight of the cell can be reduced as compared with Comparative Example 1.
- the power storage system according to the example is smaller than the comparative example 1.
- the measurement was performed by connecting the alternator ⁇ the rapid charge / discharge power storage device ⁇ the DC-DC converter ⁇ the secondary battery.
- Applied power of 3 kW, 5 kW, and 10 kW conforms to the output of the alternator. Further, the application time of 10 seconds assumes the deceleration time of the electric vehicle.
- the measurement results of temperature rise are shown in Table 4. Specifically, the temperature increased from the normal temperature of the power storage system.
- the temperature increase in the power storage system according to the example is suppressed.
- the difference in temperature rise between the example and the comparative example was remarkable.
- the output of the alternator can be 5 kW or higher when the vehicle speed is 25 km / h or higher. That is, in the power storage system according to the example, regenerative energy can be stored even at a speed of 25 km / h or higher. This shows that the power storage efficiency is improved.
- the frequency of operating the cooling mechanism can be reduced compared to the comparative example. Therefore, the power efficiency in the vehicle can be increased.
- Li ion secondary battery was prepared as a secondary battery.
- Li-ion secondary batteries have an average voltage of 3.6 V, a power density of 3400 W / kg (about 6500 W / L), an energy density of 75 Wh / kg (about 140 Wh / L), a weight of 0.25 kg, and a volume of 0.13 L in series. It was. (0.75kg, 0.39L)
- a power storage system according to Examples 1A to 5A and Comparative Example 1A was manufactured using the Li ion secondary battery instead of the lead battery under the combination conditions shown in Table 5.
- the secondary battery By changing the secondary battery from a lead battery to a Li-ion secondary battery, the power density P S and energy density E S of the power storage system increased. This is because the secondary battery is replaced with a lightweight one.
- Example 6 Measurement under the same conditions as in Example 1 was performed, and the temperature increase of the rapid charge / discharge power storage device in Examples 1A to 5A and Comparative Example 1A was measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
- a power storage system including a secondary battery having a power density of less than 7000 W / kg and a rapid charge / discharge power storage device having a power density of 7000 W / kg or more is provided. Is done.
- This power storage system can cope with instantaneous high output.
Abstract
Description
(実施例1~5、比較例1)
急速充放電蓄電デバイスを以下のように作製した。
・正極層の材料:LiCoO2粉末(粒径5μm)導電助剤(粒径0.03μmのアセチレンブラック)、PVDFバインダー
・正極側電極基材、負極側電極基材:アルミニウム箔(厚さ15μm)、又はカーボンコートアルミニウム箔(厚さ15μm)
・セパレータ:ポリプロピレン(厚さ25μm)
・電解液:EC/DEC(1/1vol%) 1M LiPF6
また、二次電池としてLiイオン二次電池を用意した。Liイオン二次電池は平均電圧3.6V、パワー密度3400W/kg(約6500W/L)、エネルギー密度75Wh/kg(約140Wh/L)、重量0.25kg、体積0.13Lのものを3直列とした。(0.75kg、0.39L)
鉛電池の代わりにLiイオン二次電池を用いて、表5に示した組合せ条件で実施例1A~5A、比較例1Aに係る蓄電システムを作製した。
Claims (13)
- 二次電池と急速充放電蓄電デバイスを具備する蓄電システムにおいて、二次電池のパワー密度が7000W/kg未満、急速充放電蓄電デバイスのパワー密度が7000W/kg以上である蓄電システム。
- パワー密度が7000W/kg未満である二次電池と、
パワー密度が7000W/kg以上である急速充放電蓄電デバイスと
を具備する蓄電システム。 - 前記急速充放電蓄電デバイスのパワー密度が9000W/kg以上である請求項1又は2に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記急速充放電蓄電デバイスのパワー密度が10000W/L以上である請求項1ないし3の何れか1項に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記二次電池のエネルギー密度が30Wh/kg以上である請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記二次電池のセルと前記急速充放電蓄電デバイスのセルの重量の合計重量を前記蓄電システムのセルの重量WSとしたとき、前記蓄電システムのエネルギー密度ESと前記蓄電システムのセルの重量WSとの比ES/WSが1以上である請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記急速充放電蓄電デバイスは、酸化タングステン粉末を含有する電極層を具備する請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記急速充放電蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗が10Ω・cm2以下である請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システム。
- 請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システムを具備する車両。
- 前記蓄電システムに回生エネルギーを蓄電する請求項9記載の車両。
- 前記車両の移動速度が25km/h以上であるときにも、前記蓄電システムに回生エネルギーを蓄電できる請求項10記載の車両。
- 請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システムを具備する機械設備。
- 前記機械設備がエレベータ、クレーン、ロボット、医療機器、及び工作機械から選ばれるいずれか一種である請求項12記載の機械設備。
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KR1020187034302A KR20180137560A (ko) | 2016-08-09 | 2017-08-09 | 축전 시스템, 차량, 및 기계 설비 |
KR1020217012217A KR102346306B1 (ko) | 2016-08-09 | 2017-08-09 | 축전 시스템, 차량, 및 기계 설비 |
JP2018533542A JP7123797B2 (ja) | 2016-08-09 | 2017-08-09 | 蓄電システム、車両、並びに機械設備 |
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TWI829161B (zh) * | 2022-05-18 | 2024-01-11 | 大陸商美律電子(深圳)有限公司 | 儲能裝置及其電源供應方法 |
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KR102291404B1 (ko) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-08-18 | 이기성 | 하이브리드 배터리 충전 방법 |
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WO2016039157A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-03-17 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極材料およびそれを用いた電極層、電池並びにエレクトロクロミック素子 |
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WO2019163931A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | 株式会社 東芝 | 電極材料、それを用いた電極層並びに蓄電デバイス、及び電極材料の製造方法 |
KR20200092350A (ko) * | 2018-02-26 | 2020-08-03 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 전극 재료, 그것을 사용한 전극층 그리고 축전 디바이스 및 전극 재료의 제조 방법 |
CN111557059A (zh) * | 2018-02-26 | 2020-08-18 | 株式会社东芝 | 电极材料、使用了其的电极层以及蓄电设备及电极材料的制造方法 |
JPWO2019163931A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2021-03-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極材料、それを用いた電極層並びに蓄電デバイス、及び電極材料の製造方法 |
KR102354067B1 (ko) | 2018-02-26 | 2022-01-24 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 전극 재료, 그것을 사용한 전극층 그리고 축전 디바이스 및 전극 재료의 제조 방법 |
JP7225197B2 (ja) | 2018-02-26 | 2023-02-20 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極材料、それを用いた電極層並びに蓄電デバイス、及び電極材料の製造方法 |
CN111557059B (zh) * | 2018-02-26 | 2023-06-02 | 株式会社东芝 | 电极材料、使用了其的电极层以及蓄电设备及电极材料的制造方法 |
TWI829161B (zh) * | 2022-05-18 | 2024-01-11 | 大陸商美律電子(深圳)有限公司 | 儲能裝置及其電源供應方法 |
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KR102346306B1 (ko) | 2022-01-03 |
KR20180137560A (ko) | 2018-12-27 |
JPWO2018030477A1 (ja) | 2019-06-13 |
CN109196752B (zh) | 2022-05-17 |
CN109196752A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
JP7123797B2 (ja) | 2022-08-23 |
KR20210048591A (ko) | 2021-05-03 |
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