WO2018030257A1 - フォトクロミック硬化性組成物およびその用途、並びにポリロタキサンモノマー - Google Patents
フォトクロミック硬化性組成物およびその用途、並びにポリロタキサンモノマー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018030257A1 WO2018030257A1 PCT/JP2017/028189 JP2017028189W WO2018030257A1 WO 2018030257 A1 WO2018030257 A1 WO 2018030257A1 JP 2017028189 W JP2017028189 W JP 2017028189W WO 2018030257 A1 WO2018030257 A1 WO 2018030257A1
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- polyrotaxane
- monomer
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- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(Cl)=O RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
- C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
- C08F222/102—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of dialcohols, e.g. ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate or 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
- C08G83/007—Polyrotaxanes; Polycatenanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
- C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/16—Cyclodextrin; Derivatives thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/23—Photochromic filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
- G02B1/005—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials made of photonic crystals or photonic band gap materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photochromic curable composition, its use, and a polyrotaxane monomer.
- Photochromic compounds represented by chromene compounds, fulgide compounds, spirooxazine compounds, etc., change color quickly when irradiated with light containing ultraviolet rays such as sunlight or light from mercury lamps. It has the property of returning to its original color (photochromic property), and is used for various uses, particularly for optical materials, taking advantage of this property.
- a photochromic spectacle lens to which photochromic properties are imparted by using a photochromic compound is such that the lens quickly colors and functions as sunglasses when exposed to light containing ultraviolet rays such as sunlight. Indoors where there is no irradiation, it functions as ordinary glasses that fade and become transparent, and in recent years its demand has increased.
- photochromic compounds are generally used in combination with plastic materials, and specifically, the following means are known.
- (B) A method in which a resin layer in which a photochromic compound is dispersed is provided on the surface of a plastic molded product such as a lens by coating or cast polymerization. This method is called a lamination method.
- optical materials such as optical articles to which photochromic properties are imparted.
- the coloring degree initial coloring in the visible light region before irradiation with ultraviolet rays is low.
- the coloring degree color density when irradiated with ultraviolet rays is high.
- the speed fading speed from when the irradiation of ultraviolet rays is stopped until it returns to the original state is high.
- V High storage stability.
- VI It must be easy to mold into various shapes.
- Photochromic properties are imparted without lowering the mechanical strength.
- the above-mentioned kneading method has an advantage that a photochromic plastic lens can be produced in a large amount at a low cost by using a glass mold.
- a photochromic plastic lens can be produced in a large amount at a low cost by using a glass mold.
- many photochromic plastic lenses are produced by this method (patents).
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of adding a photochromic compound to a monomer composition containing an isocyanate monomer and a thiol monomer.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a photochromic curable composition containing a specific (meth) acryl polymerizable monomer and a photochromic compound.
- the photochromic lens formed by polymerizing and curing these compositions has high mechanical strength, there is room for improvement in terms of photochromic properties, particularly fading speed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a photochromic curable composition is applied onto a plastic lens by spin coating or the like and photocured to form a photochromic coating layer (this laminating method is also known as a coating method). be called).
- Patent Document 4 uses a member such as an elastomer gasket, an adhesive tape, or a spacer to secure a gap between the plastic lens and the glass mold, and a photochromic curable composition is poured into the gap to polymerize and cure.
- a method of forming a photochromic layer hereinafter also referred to as a two-stage polymerization method
- Patent Document 5 discloses manufacturing a laminated sheet in which a transparent carbonate sheet is bonded with a polyurethane resin adhesive layer containing a photochromic compound (binder method).
- Patent Document 6 discloses a photochromic curable composition containing a polyrotaxane compound.
- This polyrotaxane compound is a compound having a complex molecular structure composed of an axial molecule and a plurality of cyclic molecules that include the axial molecule.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a cured product excellent in mechanical properties, moldability, color density, and fading speed by blending the polyrotaxane compound.
- Patent Document 6 an excellent photochromic curable composition and cured product can be obtained by blending a polyrotaxane compound.
- a photochromic curable composition using a polyrotaxane compound specifically disclosed in the examples of Patent Document 6 is used, there is a cured body in which cracking, distortion, etc. occur in the resulting cured body, which is an improvement. There was room for. In particular, this tendency was prominent when a photochromic laminate was produced by a coating method.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a cured product having excellent quality having photochromic properties excellent in both color density and fading speed, and a photochromic curable composition capable of increasing the yield of the cured product. is there.
- it is to provide a photochromic composition for coating excellent in the properties of the obtained film (film made of a cured product).
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a polyrotaxane monomer that is highly soluble in various solvents and monomers.
- the inventors of the present invention made extensive studies to solve the above problems. First, paying attention to the structure of the polyrotaxane compound used in Patent Document 6, various studies were conducted.
- the polyrotaxane compound specifically disclosed in the examples of Patent Document 6 is a radical polymerization in which all of the OH groups, that is, 100 mol% of the OH groups in the side chain whose terminal is an OH group (hydroxyl group). We thought that this molecular structure may affect the yield because it has been modified into a sex group.
- a polyrotaxane compound having a complex molecular structure composed of an axial molecule and a plurality of cyclic molecules that include the axial molecule, wherein a side chain having an OH group is introduced into the cyclic molecule A polyrotaxane monomer obtained by modifying the OH group of the side chain with a compound having a radical polymerizable group by 1 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%,
- a photochromic curable composition comprising (B) a photochromic compound, and (C) a polymerizable monomer other than the (A) polyrotaxane monomer.
- the polyrotaxane monomer has a chain-like axial molecule penetrating through a ring of a plurality of cyclic molecules, and bulky groups are bonded to both ends of the axial molecule. It is a complex of molecules having a structure that cannot be removed from the molecule. A complex of molecules such as polyrotaxane is called a supramolecule.
- the photochromic curable composition of the present invention can suitably adopt the following aspect.
- the radical polymerizable group is a (meth) acrylate group.
- the cyclic molecule is a cyclodextrin ring.
- the axial molecule penetrating the ring of the cyclic molecule has a chain structure having bulky groups at both ends, and the chain structure portion is polyethylene glycol. And the bulky groups at both ends are adamantyl groups.
- the side chain having an OH group in the polyrotaxane compound is a side chain derived from a lactone compound.
- Bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer having two (C1) (meth) acrylate groups in the molecule assuming that (C) the polymerizable monomer other than (A) polyrotaxane monomer is 100% by mass. 30 to 80% by mass of polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer having 3 or more (C2) (meth) acrylate groups in the molecule and 10 to 50% by mass of (C3) (meth) acrylate group
- the monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomer is 0 to 20% by mass.
- the polyrotaxane monomer (A) has a modification ratio in the compound having a radical polymerizable group of more than 70 mol% and 95 mol% or less with respect to 100 mol% of the OH group in the side chain of the polyrotaxane compound.
- the modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is 0 mol% or more and less than 30 mol%, and the ratio of the unmodified OH group is 0 mol% or more and less than 30 mol%.
- the modification ratio of the polyrotaxane monomer (A) with the compound having a radical polymerizable group is from 1 mol% to less than 40 mol% with respect to 100 mol% of the OH group in the side chain of the polyrotaxane compound. Yes, the modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is more than 0 mol% and 65 mol% or less, and the ratio of the unmodified OH group is 0 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less.
- a polyrotaxane monomer having a modified group, 1 mol% or more and less than 100 mol% of the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having a radical polymerizable group, More than 0 mol% and 99 mol% or less of the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having no radical polymerizable group, and
- the ratio of the OH group of the side chain modified with a compound having a radical polymerizable group, the ratio of the OH group of the side chain modified with a compound having no radical polymerizable group, and the OH group of the side chain The total remaining proportion is 100 mol%.
- the compound which does not have a radically polymerizable group is a compound which does not have a radically polymerizable group and a hydroxyl group (OH).
- a cured product exhibiting photochromic properties having excellent color developability and fading speed can be obtained as shown in Examples described later.
- the expression of the photochromic property as described above is due to the use of the polyrotaxane monomer together with the photochromic compound.
- the reason for this reason is as follows. That is, since the cyclic molecule possessed by polyrotaxane can slide on the axial molecule, a space is formed around the cyclic molecule. This space is considered to cause a reversible structural change of the photochromic compound quickly, resulting in an improvement in fading speed and an improvement in color density. Furthermore, by introducing a cyclic molecule having a side chain introduced, it is considered that a reversible structural change of a photochromic compound existing in the vicinity of a highly flexible side chain can be caused more quickly.
- the photochromic composition of the present invention has an excellent fading speed and can secure a sufficient color density.
- the reason why the photochromic curable composition of the present invention can obtain a cured product excellent in quality at a high yield is estimated as follows. That is, the polyrotaxane monomer used in the present invention can be obtained by modifying the side chain OH group of the polyrotaxane compound with a radical polymerizable group, but the modification ratio is adjusted. As a result, it is considered that local polymerization can be suppressed, and it is considered that a cured body with less distortion and cracking can be obtained. This effect becomes remarkable when manufacturing a photochromic laminate in which the cured body is laminated on an optical substrate.
- the polyrotaxane monomer of the present invention is a polyrotaxane monomer obtained by modifying the OH group of the side chain in the polyrotaxane compound having an OH group in the side chain, 1 mol% or more and less than 100 mol% of the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having a radical polymerizable group, More than 0 mol% and 99 mol% or less of the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having no radical polymerizable group, and It is a polyrotaxane monomer in which the residual ratio of OH groups in the side chain is from 0 mol% to 60 mol%. That is, the ratio of the OH group in the side chain is adjusted to a specific ratio, which is excellent in polymerizability and good in compatibility with general polymerizable monomers.
- the photochromic curable composition of the present invention is (A) In a polyrotaxane compound having a complex molecular structure composed of an axial molecule and a plurality of cyclic molecules that include the axial molecule, wherein a side chain having an OH group is introduced into the cyclic molecule, A polyrotaxane monomer obtained by modifying the OH group of the side chain with a compound having a radical polymerizable group by 1 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%, It is a photochromic curable composition containing (B) a photochromic compound, and (C) a polymerizable monomer other than the (A) polyrotaxane monomer. Each component will be described.
- (A) Polyrotaxane Monomer In the present invention, (A) a side chain having an OH group in the cyclic molecule, which has a complex molecular structure consisting of an axial molecule and a plurality of cyclic molecules that include the axial molecule.
- a polyrotaxane monomer obtained by modifying the OH group of the side chain with a compound having a radical polymerizable group by 1 mol% or more and less than 100 mol% hereinafter simply referred to as “(A) polyrotaxane monomer” or “ (A) component ”may be used).
- Polyrotaxane is a known compound, and as shown in FIG. 1, the polyrotaxane molecule indicated as “1” as a whole is formed from a chain axial molecule “2” and a cyclic molecule “3”. It has a complex molecular structure. That is, the chain molecule “2” is surrounded by a plurality of cyclic molecules “3”, and the axial molecule “2” penetrates the inside of the ring of the cyclic molecule “3”. Therefore, the cyclic molecule “3” can freely slide on the axial molecule “2”, but the end molecules “4” are formed at both ends of the axial molecule “2”, and the cyclic molecule Dropping from the “3” axial molecule “2” is prevented.
- the chain structure portion of the axial molecule is straight as long as it can penetrate the ring of the cyclic molecule. It may be a chain or a branched chain and is generally formed of a polymer.
- polystyrene resins examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose resins (carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, etc.), polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol.
- those suitable as the polymer forming the chain structure portion are polyethylene glycol, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, polypropylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, polypropylene. , Polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl methyl ether, with polyethylene glycol being most preferred.
- the bulky group formed at both ends of the chain portion is not particularly limited as long as it is a group that prevents the elimination of the cyclic molecule from the axial molecule, but from the viewpoint of bulkiness, an adamantyl group, a trityl group, A fluoresceinyl group, a dinitrophenyl group, and a pyrenyl base can be exemplified, and an adamantyl group can be exemplified particularly in terms of ease of introduction.
- the molecular weight of the above-described axial molecule is not particularly limited, but if it is too large, the compatibility with other components, such as other polymerizable monomers, tends to deteriorate, and if it is too small, it is cyclic. There is a tendency that the mobility of the molecule is lowered and the photochromic property is lowered.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the axial molecule is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 100,000, particularly 5,000 to 80,000, particularly preferably 8,000 to 30,000. is there.
- this weight average molecular weight Mw is the value measured by the GPC measuring method described in the following Example.
- the cyclic molecule may be any ring having a size that can include the axial molecule as described above.
- examples of such a ring include a cyclodextrin ring, a crown ether ring, a benzocrown ring, and a dibenzocrown ring.
- a cyclodextrin ring, and a cyclodextrin ring is particularly preferable.
- Cyclodextrin rings include ⁇ -form (ring inner diameter 0.45-0.6 nm), ⁇ -form (ring inner diameter 0.6-0.8 nm), and ⁇ -form (ring inner diameter 0.8-0.95 nm).
- a cyclodextrin ring and a ⁇ -cyclodextrin ring are preferred, and an ⁇ -cyclodextrin ring is most preferred.
- a plurality of cyclic molecules having a ring as described above are included in one axial molecule.
- the cyclic molecule is cyclic.
- the inclusion number of the molecule is preferably 0.001 or more and 0.6 or less, more preferably 0.002 or more and 0.5 or less, and still more preferably 0.003 or more and 0.4 or less. If the number of inclusions of the cyclic molecule is too large, the cyclic molecules are densely present with respect to one axial molecule, so that the mobility is lowered and the photochromic property tends to be lowered. On the other hand, when the number of inclusions is too small, the gap between the axial molecules becomes narrow, the gap that allows the reversible reaction of the photochromic compound molecule decreases, and the photochromic property also tends to be lowered.
- the maximum number of inclusions of a cyclic molecule with respect to one axial molecule can be calculated from the length of the axial molecule and the thickness of the ring of the cyclic molecule.
- the maximum inclusion number is calculated as follows.
- polyrotaxane compound in which a side chain having an OH group (hydroxyl group) is introduced into the above-described cyclic molecule (hereinafter simply referred to as “polyrotaxane compound”).
- This side chain is indicated by “5” in FIG.
- the side chain is not particularly limited, but is preferably formed by repeating organic chains having an OH group and having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the average molecular weight of such side chains should be in the range of 300 to 10,000, preferably 350 to 8,000, more preferably 350 to 5,000, most preferably 400 to 1,500. It is in.
- the average molecular weight of the side chain can be adjusted by the amount used at the time of introduction of the side chain and can be obtained by calculation, but can also be obtained from 1 H-NMR measurement.
- the side chain as described above is introduced by modifying a functional group of the cyclic molecule.
- the ⁇ -cyclodextrin ring has 18 OH groups (hydroxyl groups) as functional groups, and side chains are introduced through these OH groups. That is, a maximum of 18 side chains can be introduced into one ⁇ -cyclodextrin ring.
- the functional group possessed by the cyclic molecule may affect the compatibility with other components. In particular, when the functional group is an OH group, the compatibility with other components is greatly affected.
- the ratio (degree of modification) in which the functional group is modified is preferably 6% or more and 80% or less, and more preferably 30% or more and 70% or more.
- the functional group of the cyclic molecule is less reactive than the OH group of the side chain. Therefore, even if the degree of modification is low, compatibility problems and bleed-out problems are unlikely to occur. Therefore, if the modification degree is within the above range, a more excellent effect is exhibited.
- the side chain is bonded to 9 out of 18 OH groups of the ⁇ -cyclodextrin ring, the modification degree is 50%.
- the side chain (organic chain) as described above may be linear or branched as long as it has an OH group in the organic chain.
- ring-opening polymerization; radical polymerization; cationic polymerization; anionic polymerization; living radical polymerization such as atom transfer radical polymerization, RAFT polymerization, NMP polymerization, and the like and an organic chain having an OH group as a functional group of the cyclic molecule
- the desired side chain can be introduced by reacting the side chain).
- side chains derived from cyclic compounds such as lactone compounds and cyclic ethers can be introduced by ring-opening polymerization.
- a side chain introduced by ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic compound such as a lactone compound or a cyclic ether an OH group is introduced at the end of the side chain.
- cyclic ether or a lactone compound from the viewpoint of easy availability, high reactivity, and easy adjustment of the size (molecular weight).
- suitable cyclic compounds are as follows.
- Cyclic ether Ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, isobutylene oxide, oxetane, 3-methyloxetane, 3,3-dimethyloxetane, Tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran and the like.
- Lactone compounds 4-membered ring lactones such as ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -methylpropiolactone, L-serine- ⁇ -lactone and the like.
- 5-membered ring lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -hexanolactone, ⁇ -heptanolactone, ⁇ -octanolactone, ⁇ -decanolactone, ⁇ -dodecanolactone, ⁇ -hexyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -heptyl - ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -hydroxy- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -decanolactone, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, D-erythronolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -Butyrolactone, ⁇ -nonanolactone, DL-pantolactone, ⁇ -phenyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -undecanolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 2,2-pentamethylene-1,3-dioxolan-4
- 6-membered ring lactones such as ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -hexanolactone, ⁇ -octanolactone, ⁇ -nonanolactone, ⁇ -decanolactone, ⁇ -undecanolactone, ⁇ -dodecanolactone, ⁇ -tridecanolactone, ⁇ -tetradecanolactone, DL-mevalonolactone, 4-hydroxy-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ⁇ -lactone, monomethyl- ⁇ -valerolactone, monoethyl- ⁇ -valerolactone, monohexyl- ⁇ -valerolactone, 1,4-dioxane -2-one, 1,5-dioxepane-2-one, etc.
- 7-membered ring lactones such as monoalkyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, dialkyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, monomethyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, monoethyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, monohexyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, dimethyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, di-n-propyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, di-n-hexyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, trimethyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, triethyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, tri-n- ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, 5-nonyl-oxepan-2-one, 4, 4,6-trimethyl-oxepan-2-one, 4,6,6-trimethyl-oxepan-2-one, 5-hydroxymethyl-oxepan-2-one and the like.
- 8-membered ring lactone such as ⁇ -enanthate lactone.
- lactones such as lactone, lactide, dilactide, tetramethylglycoside, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one, t-butylcaprolactone, etc.
- the above cyclic compounds can be used alone or in combination.
- lactone compound a lactone compound
- lactone compounds such as ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, etc. Is particularly preferred, and most preferred is ⁇ -caprolactone.
- a side chain is introduced by reacting a cyclic compound by ring-opening polymerization
- a functional group for example, a hydroxyl group
- a hydroxyl group bonded to the ring
- a large molecule can be directly reacted particularly due to steric hindrance. It can be difficult.
- a low molecular weight compound such as propylene oxide is reacted with a functional group to perform hydroxypropylation to introduce a functional group (hydroxyl group) rich in reactivity.
- a means of introducing a side chain by ring-opening polymerization using the above-described cyclic compound can be employed.
- the hydroxypropylated moiety can also be regarded as a side chain.
- a side chain is introduced by performing ring-opening polymerization or the like using the compound.
- the side chain introduced by the compound is referred to as a side chain derived from the compound.
- the side chain obtained by introducing the lactone compound is referred to as a side chain derived from the lactone compound.
- the side chain introduced into the polyrotaxane compound is preferably derived from a lactone compound.
- the side chain in order to introduce a side chain having an OH group into a cyclic molecule, the side chain is easily introduced and the size (molecular weight) of the side chain is adjusted.
- the compound having a radically polymerizable group is introduced using the side chain described above, and a compound that reacts with the OH group of the side chain can be appropriately used.
- the compound having a radically polymerizable group is preferably a compound having no OH group in the molecule in consideration of compatibility with other components.
- the radical polymerizable group is typically a radical polymerizable group such as (meth) acrylate group (methacrylate group and / or acrylate group), vinyl group, and allyl group.
- a (meth) acrylate group is most preferable in view of ease of production of the cured product, versatility of the obtained cured product, and the like.
- the compound having a radical polymerizable group is a compound having both a functional group capable of reacting with a side chain OH group and the radical polymerizable group in one molecule.
- the functional group capable of reacting with the OH group include an isocyanate group (—NCO group), a carboxyl group (—COOH), and an acid chloride group (eg, —COCl group).
- a radical polymerizable group is introduced through a urethane bond.
- a radical polymerizable group is introduced through an ester bond by reacting a compound having a carboxyl group and an acid chloride group.
- the compound having a radical polymerizable group examples include 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate, 1,1- (bisacryloyloxy) as the compound having an isocyanate group and a (meth) acrylate group. And methyl) ethyl isocyanate.
- a compound having an acid chloride (—COCl group) and a (meth) acrylate group can be synthesized by reacting a compound having a carboxyl group and a (meth) acrylate group with a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride. .
- Examples of the compound having a carboxyl group and a (meth) acrylate group include 2-methacryloyloxyethyl succinate and ⁇ -carboxyethyl acrylate.
- the reaction between the compound having a radical polymerizable group and the OH group in the side chain may employ a known reaction condition between the functional group capable of reacting with the OH group and the OH group.
- the polyrotaxane monomer (A) used in the present invention is a modification ratio of the radical polymerizable group to the side chain OH group, that is, a reaction ratio of the compound having a radical polymerizable group to the number of moles of all OH groups in the side chain.
- the modification ratio can be calculated by (number of moles into which radically polymerizable group is introduced) / (number of moles of all OH groups in the side chain) ⁇ 100.
- the modification ratio by the compound having a radical polymerizable group is preferably 10 mol% or more and 95 mol% or less.
- the modification ratio by the compound having a radical polymerizable group is more than 70 mol% and 95 mol% or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 75 mol% or more and 95 mol% or less.
- the (A) polyrotaxane monomer can be modified with a compound having no radical polymerizable group. Therefore, the remaining OH group in the side chain can be modified with a compound having no radical polymerizable group, which will be described in detail below. However, in this case, since the modification ratio is high, OH groups may remain.
- the modification ratio by the compound having the radical polymerizable group is 1 mol or more and less than 40 mol%. More preferably, it is more preferably 5 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less. Also in this case, it can be modified with a compound having no radical polymerizable group. In this case, if the ratio of the remaining OH group is increased, the compatibility with other components may be lowered. Therefore, it is preferable to modify with a compound having no radical polymerizable group.
- the compound having no radical polymerizable group has a functional group capable of reacting with a side chain OH group in one molecule, and the molecule does not contain a radical polymerizable group.
- the phrase “not containing a radical polymerizable group” means not containing the radical polymerizable group described in “Compound having a radical polymerizable group”.
- the compound having no radical polymerizable group includes an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms instead of the radical polymerizable group. It is preferable to have.
- Examples of the functional group capable of reacting with the side chain OH group include the same functional groups as those described in the above-mentioned “compound having a radical polymerizable group”. Moreover, it is preferable that the compound which does not have a radically polymerizable group is a compound which does not have a radically polymerizable group and a hydroxyl group (OH).
- the compound having an isocyanate group has 2 to 20 carbon atoms (carbon atoms of the isocyanate group) from the viewpoint of easy availability of raw materials and high reactivity with the OH group. Is preferable, and an isocyanate compound having 3 to 10 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- suitable isocyanate compounds include n-propyl isocyanate, n-butyl isocyanate, n-pentyl isocyanate, n-hexyl isocyanate, and phenyl isocyanate.
- the compound having no radical polymerizable group as a carboxylic acid chloride, from the viewpoint of easy availability of raw materials and high reactivity with OH groups, the compound has 2 to 20 carbon atoms (carbon atoms of the carbonyl group). Except for carboxylic acid chlorides having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples of suitable acid chlorides include acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride, butyryl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, hexanoyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and the like.
- the modification ratio of the compound having no radically polymerizable group can be calculated by (number of moles of introduced compound having no radically polymerizable group) / (number of moles of all OH groups in the side chain) ⁇ 100.
- This modification ratio is not particularly limited. Among them, considering the yield of the cured product obtained, mechanical strength, photochromic properties, etc., the modification ratio by the compound having no radical polymerizable group is preferably more than 0 mol% and 99 mol% or less, More preferably, it is 5 mol% or more and 90 mol% or less.
- the polyrotaxane monomer (A) used in the present invention is obtained by modifying the OH group of the side chain with a compound having a radical polymerizable group in an amount of 1 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%.
- the OH group of the side chain that is not modified with the compound having the radical polymerizable group may remain as the OH group or modified with the compound not having the radical polymerizable group. It may be a thing.
- the modification ratio is preferably as follows. That is, with respect to 100 mol% of all OH groups in the side chain of the polyrotaxane compound, the modification ratio of the compound having a radical polymerizable group exceeds 70 mol% and is 95 mol% or less, The modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is 0 mol% or more and less than 30 mol%, More preferably, the ratio of the remaining OH groups (unmodified OH groups) is 0 mol% or more and less than 30 mol%, Furthermore, the modification ratio of the compound having a radical polymerizable group is 75 mol% or more and 95 mol% or less, The modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is 0 mol% or more and 25 mol% or less, It is particularly preferable that the ratio of the remaining OH groups be 0 mol
- the modification ratio of the compound having a radical polymerizable group is more than 75 mol% and 95 mol% or less, It is particularly preferable that the ratio of the remaining OH groups is 5 mol% or more and less than 25 mol%. In this case, it is particularly preferable that the modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is 0 mol%.
- the total of the modification ratio with the compound having a radical polymerizable group, the modification ratio with the compound having no radical polymerizable group, and the ratio of the remaining OH group is 100 mol%. .
- the modification ratio Is preferably as follows.
- the modification ratio of the compound having a radical polymerizable group is 1 mol% or more and less than 40 mol%, The modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is more than 0 mol% and 65 mol% or less, The proportion of the remaining OH groups is preferably 0 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less, Furthermore, the modification ratio in the compound having a radical polymerizable group is 5 mol% or more and 38 mol% or less, The modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is 2 mol% or more and 65 mol% or less, It is preferable that the ratio of the remaining OH groups be 0 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less.
- the modification ratio of the compound having a radical polymerizable group is 5 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less
- the modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is 5 mol% or more and 65 mol% or less
- the ratio of the remaining OH groups is 5 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less.
- the total of the modification ratio with the compound having a radical polymerizable group, the modification ratio with the compound having no radical polymerizable group, and the ratio of the remaining OH group is 100 mol%. .
- the polyrotaxane monomer itself having the following modification ratio is a novel compound. That is, In a polyrotaxane compound having a complex molecular structure composed of an axial molecule and a plurality of cyclic molecules that surround the axial molecule, wherein a side chain having an OH group is introduced into the cyclic molecule, the OH of the side chain A polyrotaxane monomer having a modified group, 1 mol% or more and less than 100 mol% of the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having a radical polymerizable group, More than 0 mol% and 99 mol% or less of the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having no radical polymerizable group, and The polyrotaxane monomer in which the residual ratio of OH groups in the side chain (the ratio of residual OH groups) is from 0 mol%
- This novel polyrotaxane monomer is a subordinate concept compound of the (A) polyrotaxane monomer. That is, the novel polyrotaxane monomer is characterized by being modified with both a compound having a radical polymerizable group and a compound having no radical polymerizable group. Such a novel polyrotaxane monomer can improve the mechanical strength of the resulting cured product, and can improve compatibility with other components.
- the modification ratio of the compound having a radical polymerizable group is 5 mol% or more and 38 mol% or less
- the modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is 2 mol% or more and 65 mol% or less, It is preferable that the ratio of the remaining OH groups be 0 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less.
- the modification ratio in the compound having a radical polymerizable group is 5 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less
- the modification ratio of the compound having no radical polymerizable group is 5 mol% or more and 65 mol% or less
- the ratio of the remaining OH groups is 5 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less.
- the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having a radical polymerizable group
- 25 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less of the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having no radical polymerizable group
- the residual ratio of the OH group in the side chain is 5 mol% or more and 40 mol% or less.
- the total of the modification ratio with the compound having the radical polymerizable group, the modification ratio with the compound having no radical polymerizable group, and the residual ratio of the OH group in the side chain is 100 mol%. It is.
- the polyrotaxane monomer (A) that is preferably used is a cyclic molecule having an ⁇ -cyclodextrin ring having polyethylene glycol bonded at both ends with an adamantyl group as an axial molecule, among the above components, Further, a polyroprotaxane compound in which a side chain (terminal is an OH group) is introduced into the ring by polycaprolactone and the OH group of the side chain is modified with a compound having a radical polymerizable group is preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the (A) polyrotaxane monomer modified with the compound having the radical polymerizable group and the compound not having the radical polymerizable group to be used as necessary is 100,000 to 1,000. , Preferably in the range of 1,000.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the (A) polyrotaxane monomer is in this range, the compatibility with other components is improved, and the transparency of the cured product can be further improved.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the (A) polyrotaxane monomer is more preferably in the range of 150,000 to 800,000, more preferably 150,000 to It is more preferably in the range of 650,000, particularly preferably in the range of 150,000 to 500,000.
- this weight average molecular weight Mw is the value measured by the GPC measuring method described in the following Example.
- the method for producing the (A) polyrotaxane monomer used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- As the method for producing the (A) polyrotaxane monomer for example, by reacting the polyrotaxane compound and the compound having a radical polymerizable group (modifying the side chain OH group), the (A) polyrotaxane monomer is obtained.
- Method (Method 1) reacting the polyrotaxane compound with the compound having a radical polymerizable group (modifying the side chain OH group), and then reacting with the compound not having the radical polymerizable group (side chain (A) a method of obtaining a polyrotaxane monomer (Method 2) by reacting (modifying the OH group in the side chain) with the polyrotaxane compound and a compound having no radical polymerizable group.
- component (B) a photochromic compound
- component (B) a photochromic compound
- component (B) those known per se can be used, and these can be used alone. Two or more kinds can be used in combination.
- photochromic compounds are fulgide compounds, chromene compounds and spirooxazine compounds.
- indeno [2,1-f] naphtho [1,2-b] pyran skeleton from the viewpoint of photochromic properties such as color density, initial colorability, durability, and fading speed. It is more preferable to use a chromene compound having a molecular weight of 540. Particularly, a chromene compound having a molecular weight of 540 or more is preferably used because of its particularly excellent color density and fading speed.
- chromene compounds shown below are examples of chromene compounds that are particularly preferably used in the present invention.
- the photochromic curable composition of the present invention is a polymerizable monomer other than the (A) polyrotaxane monomer (hereinafter simply referred to as (C) polymerizable monomer). Body, or (C) component).
- the (C) polymerizable monomer is not particularly limited, and a known monomer can be used. Especially, it is preferable that the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer which has two or more (meth) acrylate groups in a molecule
- a bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer having two (meth) acrylate groups in the molecule (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “(C1) bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer” or (C1) component)
- a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer having three or more (meth) acrylate groups in the molecule (hereinafter, simply referred to as “(C2) polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer” or (C2) component), ) Is preferably included.
- the monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomer which has one (meth) acrylate group (henceforth only (C3) monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomer or (C3) component may be included) can also be included.
- the photochromic curable composition of the present invention preferably contains a bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer having two (C1) (meth) acrylate groups in the molecule.
- the specific example is shown below. Specifically, it is a compound shown in the following formulas (1), (2) and (3).
- the compound represented by the following formula (1) may be simply referred to as the component (C1-1), and the compound represented by the following formula (2) may be simply referred to as the component (C1-2) hereinafter.
- the compound represented by the following formula (3) is hereinafter simply referred to as the component (C1-3).
- component (C1-4) a bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer having a urethane bond
- component (C1-1) the component (C1-2), the component (C1- Component 3)
- component (C1-5) a bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer that does not fall under the component (C1-4)
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- m and n are each independently an integer of 0 or more
- m + n is an integer of 2 or more.
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Each R 7 is independently a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom
- B is —O—, —S—, — (SO 2 ) —, —CO—, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —C (CH 3 ) (C 6 H 5 ) —
- Either p and q are each an integer of 1 or more, and p + q is an average value of 2 or more and 30 or less.
- the polymerizable monomer represented by the above formula (2) is usually obtained in the form of a mixture of molecules having different molecular weights. Therefore, p and q are shown as average values.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the above formula (2) include the following bisphenol A di (meth) acrylates.
- R 8 and R 9 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, a is an average value of 1 to 20, A and A ′ may be the same or different from each other, and each represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms. When a plurality of A are present, the plurality of A are the same group. Or a different group.
- the compound represented by the above formula (3) can be produced by reacting polycarbonate diol and (meth) acrylic acid.
- polycarbonate diol used. Specifically, polycarbonate diol (number average of 500 to 2,000) obtained by phosgenation of polyalkylene glycol such as trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, octamethylene glycol, nonamethylene glycol, etc.
- polyalkylene glycol such as trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, octamethylene glycol, nonamethylene glycol, etc.
- a mixture of two or more polyalkylene glycols for example, a mixture of trimethylene glycol and tetramethylene glycol, a mixture of tetramethylene glycol and hexamethylene diglycol, a mixture of pentamethylene glycol and hexamethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol and octamethylene glycol
- a polycarbonate diol (number average molecular weight of 500 to 2,000) obtained by phosgenation of a mixture of hexamethylene glycol and octamethylene glycol, etc .; Polycarbonate diol obtained by phosgenation of 1-methyltrimethylene glycol (number average molecular weight 500-2,000);
- the (C1-4) component is typically a reaction product of a polyol and a polyisocyanate.
- the polyisocyanate for example, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, lysine isocyanate, 2,2,4-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dimer acid diisocyanate, isopropylidenebis-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, norbornene diisocyanate or Mention may be made of methylcyclohexane diisocyanate.
- examples of the polyol include polyalkylene glycol having a repeating unit of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and hexamethylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or polyester diol such as polycaprolactone diol.
- reaction mixture obtained by further reacting the polyisocyanate and polyol with a urethane prepolymer with 2-hydroxy (meth) acrylate, or a reaction in which the diisocyanate is directly reacted with 2-hydroxy (meth) acrylate.
- a urethane (meth) acrylate monomer which is a mixture can also be used.
- bifunctional compound examples include U-2PPA (molecular weight 482), UA-122P (molecular weight 1,100), U-122P (molecular weight 1,100) manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., and Daicel UC Corporation. EB4858 (molecular weight 454).
- (C1-5) Other bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomers (C1-5)
- the component include compounds having (meth) acrylate groups at both ends of an alkylene group which may have a substituent. It is done.
- those having an alkylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable. Specifically, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate and the like.
- a bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer containing a sulfur atom can be exemplified.
- Sulfur atoms preferably form part of the molecular chain as sulfide groups.
- (C1-1) component (C1-2) component, (C1-3) component, (C1-4) component, and (C1-5) component
- a single component in each component may be used. It is possible to use a plurality of types described above. In the case where a plurality of types are used, the mass serving as a reference for the component (C1) is the total amount of the plurality of types.
- (C2) Polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer
- component (C2) a compound represented by the following formula (4) (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as the component (C2-1)), a polyfunctional compound having a urethane bond ( (Meth) acrylate monomer (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as (C2-2) component), and (C2-1) component and polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer that does not fall under (C2-2) component ( Hereinafter, it may be simply referred to as (C2-3) component).
- each R 10 is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Each of R 11 is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms
- R 12 is a trivalent to hexavalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- b is an average number from 0 to 3
- c is a number from 3 to 6.
- the alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms represented by R 11 is preferably a methyl group.
- Examples of the organic group represented by R 12 include a group derived from a polyol, a trivalent to hexavalent hydrocarbon group, and an organic group containing a trivalent to hexavalent urethane bond.
- (C2-2) Polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer having urethane bond
- the (C2-2) component is obtained by reacting the polyisocyanate compound described in the (C1-4) component with a polyol compound. It is a compound having three or more (meth) acrylate groups therein.
- Commercially available products include U-4HA (molecular weight 596, functional group number 4), U-6HA (molecular weight 1,019, functional group number 6), U-6LPA (molecular weight 818, functional group number 6) manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- U-15HA molecular weight 2,300, functional group number 15).
- the component (C2-3) is a compound in which the terminal of the polyester compound is modified with a (meth) acrylate group.
- Various polyester (meth) acrylate compounds that are commercially available can be used depending on the molecular weight of the raw material polyester compound and the modification amount of the (meth) acrylate group.
- tetrafunctional polyester oligomer (molecular weight 2,500-3,500, Daicel UC, EB80, etc.), hexafunctional polyester oligomer (molecular weight 6,000-8,000, Daicel UC, EB450, etc.) , Hexafunctional polyester oligomer (molecular weight 45,000 to 55,000, Daicel UC, EB1830, etc.), tetrafunctional polyester oligomer (particularly Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., GX8488B, etc. having a molecular weight of 10,000) and the like. .
- the crosslinking density is improved by polymerization, and the surface of the resulting cured product Hardness can be increased. Therefore, in particular, when a photochromic cured body (laminated body) obtained by a coating method is used, it is preferable to include a component (C2). In particular, it is preferable to use the component (C2-1) among the components (C2).
- the mass serving as a reference for the component (C2) is the total amount of the plurality of types.
- each R 13 is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 14 is a hydrogen atom, a methyldimethoxysilyl group, a trimethoxysilyl group, or a glycidyl group
- d is an integer of 0 to 10
- e is an integer of 0 to 20.
- Methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate (especially average molecular weight 293), methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate (especially average molecular weight 468), methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate (especially average molecular weight 218), methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate (especially average molecular weight 454), stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate , Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, glycidyl methacrylate.
- the polymerizable monomer (C) preferably contains the component (C1), the component (C2), and, if necessary, the component (C3).
- each component takes into account photochromic properties such as hardness, mechanical properties, productivity, and color density and fading speed of the resulting photochromic cured product.
- the component (C1) is preferably 30 to 80% by mass
- the component (C2) is 10 to 55% by mass
- the component (C3) is preferably 0 to 20% by mass. More preferably, the component (C1) is 30 to 80% by mass, the component (C2) is 10 to 50% by mass, and the component (C3) is 0 to 20% by mass.
- the component (C1) is 35 to 70% by mass, the component (C2) is 20 to 50% by mass, and the component (C3) is 1 to 15% by mass. It is particularly preferable that the component (C1) is 40 to 70% by mass, the component (C2) is 25 to 50% by mass, and the component (C3) is 1 to 10% by mass.
- the photochromic curable composition of the present invention comprises the above component (A), component (B), and component (C) as essential components.
- This photochromic curable composition can also contain the well-known additive component etc. which are shown below.
- the polymerization initiator includes a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator, and specific examples thereof are as follows.
- Diacyl peroxide Diacyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, Peroxyester; t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanate, t-butylperoxyneodecanate, cumylperoxyneodecanate, t-butylperoxybenzoate, Percarbonate; diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-sec-butylperoxydicarbonate, Azo compounds; azobisisobutyronitrile and the like.
- Acetophenone compounds As a photopolymerization initiator, Acetophenone compounds; 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, ⁇ -dicarbonyl compounds; 1,2-diphenylethanedione, methylphenylglycoxylate, Acylphosphine oxide compounds; 2,6-dimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphinic acid methyl ester, 2,6- Dichlorobenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, Is mentioned.
- various compounding agents known per se within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention for example, an ultraviolet absorber, an infrared absorber, an ultraviolet stabilizer, an antioxidant, an anti-coloring agent, Various stabilizers such as antistatic agents, fluorescent dyes, dyes, pigments, and fragrances, additives, solvents, and leveling agents can be blended as necessary.
- an ultraviolet stabilizer is preferable because the durability of the photochromic compound can be improved.
- an ultraviolet stabilizer a hindered amine light stabilizer, a hindered phenol antioxidant, a sulfur-based antioxidant, and the like are known.
- Particularly suitable UV stabilizers are as follows.
- the amount of the ultraviolet stabilizer used is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but usually, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the component (A) and the component (C),
- the range is 0.001 to 10 parts by mass, particularly 0.01 to 1 part by mass.
- a hindered amine light stabilizer when used, there is a difference in the effect of improving durability depending on the type of photochromic compound.
- the amount is preferably 5 to 30 mol, more preferably 1 to 20 mol, still more preferably 2 to 15 mol.
- ⁇ Preferred composition of (Z) photochromic curable composition In the photochromic curable composition of the present invention having the above-mentioned (A) polyrotaxane monomer, (B) photochromic compound, and (C) polymerizable monomer as essential components, the total amount of component (A) and component (C) Is preferably added in an amount of 0.0001 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass, and 0.01 to 10 parts by mass. More preferably, it is blended in an amount of 10 parts by mass. That is, if the amount of photochromic compound used is too small, it will be difficult to develop good photochromic properties. If the amount used is too large, it will be difficult to handle this photochromic composition due to thickening, etc. This may make it difficult to develop photochromic properties.
- the amount of (A) polyrotaxane monomer used is as follows to suppress the increase in viscosity of the photochromic curable composition and to effectively exhibit the effect of improving photochromic properties due to (A) polyrotaxane monomer.
- the component (A) when the total amount of the component (A) and the component (C) is 100 parts by mass, the component (A) is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 20 parts.
- the amount is preferably set to be part by mass, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass.
- the photochromic curable composition of the present invention is preferably prepared, for example, by kneading each component to prepare a photochromic curable composition and polymerizing and curing the composition. And it is desirable to express photochromic property with this hardening body.
- Polymerization and curing for producing a photochromic cured product is performed by radical polymerization reaction by irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, and ⁇ rays, heat, or a combination of both. That is, an appropriate polymerization means may be employed depending on the type of polymerizable monomer and polymerization curing accelerator and the form of the photochromic cured product to be formed.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, and ⁇ rays, heat, or a combination of both. That is, an appropriate polymerization means may be employed depending on the type of polymerizable monomer and polymerization curing accelerator and the form of the photochromic cured product to be formed.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, and ⁇ rays, heat, or a combination of both. That is, an appropriate polymerization means
- the photochromic curable composition of the present invention When the photochromic curable composition of the present invention is photopolymerized, among the polymerization conditions, particularly the UV intensity affects the properties of the resulting photochromic cured product.
- This illuminance condition is influenced by the type and amount of the photopolymerization initiator and the type of polymerizable monomer, and thus cannot be generally limited.
- UV light 50 to 500 mW / cm 2 at a wavelength of 365 nm is reduced to 0.1. It is preferable to select conditions so that light is irradiated in a time of 5 to 5 minutes.
- a photochromic curable composition is used as a coating solution, and the coating solution is applied to the surface of an optical substrate such as a lens substrate by spin coating or dipping, and then A photochromic layer composed of a photochromic cured body is formed on the surface of the optical substrate by performing polymerization and curing by UV irradiation or heating in an inert gas such as nitrogen (coating method).
- the surface of the optical substrate is preliminarily chemically treated with an alkaline solution, an acid solution, corona discharge, plasma discharge.
- a physical treatment such as polishing
- the adhesion between the photochromic layer and the optical substrate can be enhanced.
- the above-described photochromic curable composition of the present invention can exhibit photochromic properties with excellent color density, fading speed, etc., and is imparted with photochromic properties without reducing properties such as mechanical strength. It is effectively used for the production of optical substrates such as photochromic lenses.
- the photochromic curable composition of this invention can also manufacture a photochromic hardened
- the photochromic layer and the photochromic cured body formed by the photochromic curable composition of the present invention are dyed using a dye such as a disperse dye, silane coupling agent, silicon, zirconium, antimony, aluminum, depending on the application.
- a dye such as a disperse dye, silane coupling agent, silicon, zirconium, antimony, aluminum, depending on the application.
- dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as a developing solution, and measurement was performed under conditions of a flow rate of 1 ml / min and a temperature of 40 ° C.
- Polystyrene was used as a standard sample, and the weight average molecular weight was determined by comparative conversion.
- a differential refractometer was used as the detector.
- the slurry reagent obtained above was allowed to stand at 4 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, 50 ml of a DMF / methanol mixed solvent (volume ratio 1/1) was added, mixed and centrifuged, and the supernatant was discarded. Further, after washing with the above DMF / methanol mixed solution, washing with methanol and centrifugation were performed to obtain a precipitate.
- the obtained precipitate was dried by vacuum drying and then dissolved in 50 mL of DMSO, and the obtained transparent solution was dropped into 700 mL of water to precipitate polyrotaxane. The precipitated polyrotaxane was collected by centrifugation and vacuum dried. Further, it was dissolved in DMSO, precipitated in water, collected and dried to obtain a purified polyrotaxane.
- the inclusion amount of ⁇ -CD at this time is 0.25.
- the amount of inclusion was measured by 1 H-NMR measurement apparatus (JNM-LA500 manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) after dissolving polyrotaxane in DMSO-d 6 and calculated by the following method.
- X, Y and X / (YX) have the following meanings.
- X integrated value of protons derived from hydroxyl groups of cyclodextrin at 4 to 6 ppm.
- Y Integral value of proton derived from methylene chain of 3-4 ppm cyclodextrin and PEG.
- X / (YX) Proton ratio of cyclodextrin to PEG First, theoretically, X / (YX) when the maximum inclusion amount is 1 is calculated in advance, and from this value and the analysis value of the actual compound The inclusion amount was calculated by comparing the calculated X / (YX).
- the modification degree of the cyclic molecule to the OH group by the hydroxypropyl group was 0.5, and the weight average molecular weight Mw was 180,000 by GPC measurement.
- a mixed solution was prepared by dissolving 5 g of the obtained hydroxypropylated polyrotaxane in 22.5 g of ⁇ -caprolactone at 80 ° C. The mixture was stirred at 110 ° C. for 1 hour while blowing dry nitrogen, 0.16 g of a 50 wt% xylene solution of tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate was added, and the mixture was stirred at 130 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, xylene was added to obtain a polycaprolactone-modified polyrotaxane xylene solution into which a side chain having a nonvolatile concentration of about 35% by mass was introduced.
- Example 1 (2-1) Preparation of Acrylate Group-Introduced Side-Chain Modified Polyrotaxane Monomer (A1 (Hereinafter, It may be simply referred to as (A1)))
- A1 (Hereinafter, It may be simply referred to as (A1))
- Polycaprolactone prepared in the above Production Example (1-4) Modified polyrotaxane (a1) was used. 10.0 g of polycaprolactone-modified polyrotaxane (a1) was dissolved in 50 ml of methyl ethyl ketone, 5 mg of dibutylhydroxytoluene (polymerization inhibitor) was added, and 1.94 g of 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate was added dropwise.
- This acrylate group-introduced side chain-modified polyrotaxane monomer (A1) were as follows. Side chain molecular weight: about 600 on average. Polyrotaxane monomer weight average molecular weight Mw (GPC): 880,000. Acrylate group Modification rate: 85 mol%. Remaining OH group ratio: 15 mol%. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the (A1) polyrotaxane monomer obtained. For reference, the characteristics of the (a1) polyrotaxane compound are shown.
- a polymerizable functional group was prepared in the same manner as in (2-1) of Example 1 except that 10.0 g of the obtained polycaprolactone-modified polyrotaxane (a2) was used and 0.83 g of 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate was used. As a result, a polyrotaxane (A2) having an acrylate group introduced into the side chain was obtained.
- This acrylate group-introduced side chain-modified polyrotaxane monomer was as follows. Polyrotaxane monomer weight average molecular weight Mw (GPC): 190,000. Acrylate group Modification rate: 35 mol%. Remaining OH group ratio: 65 mol%. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the (A2) polyrotaxane monomer obtained. As Comparative Example 1, the characteristics of the (a2) polyrotaxane compound were shown.
- Example 3 (2-3) Preparation of methacrylic group-introduced side chain modified polyrotaxane monomer (A3 (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as (A3)))
- a methacrylate group was introduced into the side chain as a polymerizable functional group by preparing in the same manner as in (2-1) of Example 1 except that 10.0 g was used and 1.85 g of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate was used.
- a polyrotaxane monomer (A3) was obtained.
- Example 4 Preparation of side chain modified polyrotaxane (A4 (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as (A4))) into which an acrylic group and a butyl group have been introduced Modification of polycaprolactone prepared in Example 2
- a polyrotaxane monomer (A4) in which an acrylic group was side-chained as a polymerizable functional group and a butyl group was introduced into the side chain as a group not containing a polymerizable functional group was obtained.
- This side chain-modified polyrotaxane monomer was as follows. Polyrotaxane monomer weight average molecular weight Mw (GPC): 200,000. Acrylate group Modification rate: 35 mol%. Butyl group modification rate: 45 mol%. Residual ratio of OH groups: 20 mol%. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the (A4) polyrotaxane monomer obtained.
- polycaprolactone-modified polyrotaxane (a2) is not modified with a compound having a radical polymerizable group, it corresponds to the polyrotaxane compound in this specification.
- polycaprolactone-modified polyrotaxane (a2) The properties of polycaprolactone-modified polyrotaxane (a2) are summarized in Table 1.
- ingredients 3 parts by mass of bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate (molecular weight 508) (stabilizer).
- Phenylbis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phosphine oxide (trade name: Irgacure 819, manufactured by BASF) (polymerization initiator) 0.3 part by mass.
- Product name of Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd . 0.1 part by mass of L7001 (leveling agent).
- a thiourethane plastic lens having a center thickness of 2 mm and a refractive index of 1.60 was prepared as an optical substrate.
- This thiourethane plastic lens was previously alkali-etched at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes using a 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and then thoroughly washed with distilled water.
- a moisture curing primer product name: TR-SC-P, manufactured by Tokuyama Co., Ltd.
- TR-SC-P moisture curing primer
- the lens having the coating agent coated on the surface was irradiated with light for 90 seconds in a nitrogen gas atmosphere using a metal halide lamp with an output of 200 mW / cm 2 to cure the coating film. Thereafter, the mixture was further heated at 110 ° C. for 1 hour to produce a photochromic laminate having a photochromic layer.
- the obtained photochromic laminate had photochromic properties with a maximum absorption wavelength of 582 nm, a color density of 0.88, and a fading speed of 42 seconds.
- evaluation of these photochromic properties was performed as follows.
- the obtained photochromic laminate was used as a sample, and a xenon lamp L-2480 (300 W) SHL-100 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd. was passed through an aeromass filter (manufactured by Corning) at a temperature of 20 ⁇ 1 ° C. (Photochromic coating layer)
- Each photochromic property and film physical properties such as Vickers hardness were evaluated by the following methods and are shown in Table 2.
- ⁇ max It is the maximum absorption wavelength after color development determined by a spectrophotometer (instant multichannel photodetector MCPD1000) manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- the maximum absorption wavelength is related to the color tone at the time of color development.
- Color density ⁇ (120) ⁇ (0) ⁇ Difference between absorbance ⁇ (120) ⁇ after light irradiation for 120 seconds and absorbance ⁇ (0) before light irradiation at the maximum absorption wavelength. It can be said that the higher this value, the better the photochromic properties.
- the Vickers hardness is an index as to whether or not a flaw is introduced in the lens processing process. As a guide, scratches are difficult to enter when the Vickers hardness exceeds 4.5, and scratches tend to occur when the hardness is 4.5 or less.
- -Cloudiness The molded photochromic laminate was visually evaluated for white turbidity under direct Nicol. 1: At a level that is not a problem as a product, there is no white turbidity or hardly visible. 2: A level that is not a problem as a product but slightly cloudy. 3: It is a level with no problem as a product, but white turbidity is stronger than 2. 4: Those that are cloudy and cannot be used as a product.
- Example 6 Preparation of photochromic curable composition (Z2 (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as (Z2))) Photochromic curable composition in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the polyrotaxane monomer (A2) obtained in Example 2 was used. A product (Z2) was prepared.
- Example 7 Preparation of photochromic curable composition (Z3 (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as (Z3))) Photochromic curable composition in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the polyrotaxane monomer (A3) obtained in Example 3 was used. A product (Z3) was prepared.
- Example 8 Preparation of photochromic curable composition (Z4 (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as (Z4))) Photochromic curable composition in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the polyrotaxane monomer (A4) obtained in Example 4 was used. A product (Z4) was prepared.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 3> A photochromic curable composition (z1) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the polycaprolactone-modified polyrotaxane (a2) (Comparative Example 1) prepared in Example 2 was used as it was, and laminated in the same manner as in Example 5. A photochromic laminate was obtained by the method and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- ⁇ Comparative example 4> A photochromic curable composition (z2) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the polyrotaxane monomer (a3) prepared in Comparative Example 2 was used, and a photochromic laminate was obtained by the lamination method as in Example 5. And evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the photochromic laminate obtained by polymerizing the photochromic curable composition of the present invention has very excellent photochromic properties, high hardness, low white turbidity, and generation of cracks. The rate is also low.
- Examples 5 to 8 have excellent photochromic properties, have less white turbidity than Comparative Example 3, and have a lower crack generation rate than Comparative Example 4.
- Example 9 Production of polyrotaxane monomer
- linear polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 20,000 was used as a polymer for forming an axial molecule
- the modification ratio (mol%) of the acrylate group was 77%
- the acrylate group was The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that ⁇ -caprolactone and 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate were used so that the modified side chain molecular weight was about 500 and the weight average molecular weight was 610,000.
- A Polyrotaxane A monomer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as (A5)) was produced.
- Example 10 a linear polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 20,000 is used as the polymer for forming an axial molecule, the modification ratio (mol%) of the acrylate group is 90%, and the side chain molecular weight modified with the acrylate group is about 500.
- (A) a polyrotaxane monomer (hereinafter referred to as (A6) In some cases).
- Example 11 linear polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 11,000 was used as the polymer for forming the axial molecule, the modification ratio (mol%) of the acrylate group was 85%, and the side chain molecular weight modified with the acrylate group was about 300.
- ⁇ -caprolactone and 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate were used so that the weight average molecular weight was 180,00, (A) a polyrotaxane monomer (hereinafter referred to as (A7) In some cases).
- Example 12 linear polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 11,000 was used as a polymer for forming an axial molecule, the modification ratio (mol%) of the methacrylate group was 85%, and the side chain molecular weight modified with the methacrylate group.
- the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that ⁇ -caprolactone and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate were used so that the weight average molecular weight was about 180,00, and (A) a polyrotaxane monomer (hereinafter referred to as ( A8) is sometimes produced.
- Example 13 linear polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 11,000 was used as the polymer for forming the axial molecule, the modification ratio (mol%) of the acrylate group was 87%, and the side chain molecular weight modified with the acrylate group was about 400.
- ⁇ -caprolactone and 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate were used so that the weight average molecular weight was 190,00, (A) a polyrotaxane monomer (hereinafter referred to as (A9) In some cases).
- Example 14 linear polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 11,000 was used as the polymer for forming the axial molecule, the modification ratio (mol%) of the acrylate group was 86%, and the side chain molecular weight modified with the acrylate group was about 600.
- ⁇ -caprolactone and 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate were used so that the weight average molecular weight was 220,000, (A) a polyrotaxane monomer (hereinafter referred to as (A10) In some cases).
- Table 3 summarizes the characteristics of the (A) polyrotaxane monomer produced in Examples 9 to 14.
- photochromic curable compositions obtained in Examples 15 to 27 are referred to as photochromic curable compositions (Z5) to (Z17), respectively.
- the obtained photochromic curable compositions (Z5) to (Z17) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 to produce a photochromic cured product, and the evaluation of the photochromic cured product was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5. It was shown to. Table 4 also shows the blending ratio of the photochromic curable compositions (Z1) to (Z4) of Examples 5 to 8.
- the components used for the preparation of the photochromic curable composition are as follows.
- C1 component (bifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer) component polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (average molecular weight 536); PEDM-1 Polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (average molecular weight 736); PEDM-2 Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average molecular weight 708); PEDA-1 (C1-3) reaction product of component polycarbonate diol and acrylic acid (average molecular weight 520); PCA (C1-4) Component Daicel UCB EB4858 (molecular weight 454); EB4858 (C2) component (polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer having three or more (meth) acrylate groups in the molecule) (C2-1) component trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate; TMPT Tetramethylol methane tetraacrylate; TMMT (C3) component (monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomer) ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; MOP
- polyrotaxane 2 axial molecule 3: cyclic molecule 4: bulky end group 5: side chain
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Abstract
Description
(I)紫外線を照射する前の可視光領域での着色度(初期着色)が低いこと。
(II)紫外線を照射した時の着色度(発色濃度)が高いこと。
(III)紫外線の照射を止めてから元の状態に戻るまでの速度(退色速度)が速いこと。
(IV)発色~退色の可逆作用の繰り返し耐久性がよいこと。
(V)保存安定性が高いこと。
(VI)各種の形状に成形し易いこと。
(VII)機械的強度が低下することなく、フォトクロミック性が付与されること。
(A)軸分子と、該軸分子を包接する複数の環状分子と、からなる複合分子構造を有しており、該環状分子にOH基を有する側鎖が導入されたポリロタキサン化合物において、
該側鎖のOH基を、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で1モル%以上100モル%未満変性したポリロタキサンモノマー、
(B)フォトクロミック化合物、および
(C)前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー以外の重合性単量体
を含むフォトクロミック硬化性組成物が提供される。
前記(C)前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー以外の重合性単量体との合計量を100質量部としたとき、
前記(B)フォトクロミック化合物を0.0001~10質量部含有すること。
前記(C)前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー以外の重合性単量体との合計量を100質量部としたとき、
前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーを0.1~50質量部含有すること。
軸分子と、該軸分子を包接する複数の環状分子と、からなる複合分子構造を有しており、該環状分子にOH基を有する側鎖が導入されたポリロタキサン化合物において、該側鎖のOH基を変性したポリロタキサンモノマーであり、
該側鎖のOH基の1モル%以上100モル%未満がラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性されており、
該側鎖のOH基の0モル%を超え99モル%以下がラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物で変性されており、かつ、
該側鎖のOH基の残存割合が0モル%以上60モル%以下であるポリロタキサンモノマーが提供される。
該側鎖のOH基の1モル%以上100モル%未満がラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性されており、
該側鎖のOH基の0モル%を超え99モル%以下がラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物で変性されており、かつ、
該側鎖のOH基の残存割合が0モル%以上60モル%以下となるポリロタキサンモノマーである。つまり、該側鎖のOH基の割合を特定の割合に調整したものであり、重合性に優れ、かつ、一般的な重合性モノマーと相溶性がよいもとなる。
(A)軸分子と、該軸分子を包接する複数の環状分子と、からなる複合分子構造を有しており、該環状分子にOH基を有する側鎖が導入されたポリロタキサン化合物において、
該側鎖のOH基を、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で1モル%以上100モル%未満変性したポリロタキサンモノマー、
(B)フォトクロミック化合物、および
(C)前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーを以外の重合性単量体を含むフォトクロミック硬化性組成物である。各成分について説明する。
本発明においては、(A)軸分子と、該軸分子を包接する複数の環状分子と、からなる複合分子構造を有しており、該環状分子にOH基を有する側鎖が導入されたポリロタキサン化合物において、該側鎖のOH基を、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で1モル%以上100モル%未満変性したポリロタキサンモノマー(以下、単に「(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー」、又は「(A)成分」とする場合もある)を使用する。
エチレンオキシド、1,2-プロピレンオキシド、エピクロロヒドリン、エピブロモヒドリン、1,2-ブチレンオキシド、2,3-ブチレンオキシド、イソブチレンオキシド、オキセタン、3-メチルオキセタン、3,3-ジメチルオキセタン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、3-メチルテトラヒドロフランなど。
4員環ラクトン、例えば、β-プロピオラクトン、β-メチルプロピオラクトン、L-セリン-β-ラクトンなど。
本発明で使用する(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーにおいては、該ポリロタキサン化合物における側鎖のOH基と、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物とを反応させて、該ポリロタキサン化合物の側鎖にラジカル重合性基を導入したものである。本発明においては、このように側鎖のOH基と他の化合物とを反応させて、該化合物に由来する構造を導入する反応を「変性」とする。
ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物は、前述した側鎖を利用して導入されるものであり、側鎖のOH基と反応する化合物を適宜使用できる。なお、このラジカル重合性基を有する化合物は、他成分との相溶性を考慮すると、分子内にOH基を有さない化合物であることが好ましい。
本発明で使用する(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーは、側鎖のOH基に対する該ラジカル重合性基の変性割合、すなわち、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物が該側鎖の全OH基のモル数に対する反応割合は、1モル%以上100モル%未満でなければならない。変性割合は、(ラジカル重合性基が導入されたモル数)/(側鎖の全OH基のモル数)×100で算出できる。
本発明で使用する(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーは、前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性していることが必須である。そして、前記側鎖の一部のOH基(ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性されていない側鎖が有するOH基)は、OH基のままでもよいし、ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物で変性してもよい。
本発明で使用する(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーは、前記の通り、前記側鎖のOH基を、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で1モル%以上100モル%未満変性したものである。前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性されていない前記側鎖のOH基は、前記の通り、OH基のままであってもよいし、前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物で変性されたものであってよい。中でも、得られる硬化体の特性に対しては、以下の変性割合とすることが好ましい。
得られる硬化体において、機械的強度をより高いものとし、硬化体におけるブリードを低減し透明性を高く維持するためには、変性割合は、以下の通りとすることが好ましい。すなわち、前記ポリロタキサン化合物が有する側鎖の全OH基100モル%に対して
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が70モル%を超え95モル%以下、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が0モル%以上30モル%未満、
残存するOH基(変性されていないOH基)の割合が0モル%以上30モル%未満とすることがより好ましく、
さらに
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が75モル%以上95モル%以下、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が0モル%以上25モル%以下、
残存するOH基の割合が0モル%以上25モル%以下とすることが特に好ましい。
前記ポリロタキサン化合物が有する側鎖の全OH基100モル%に対して、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が75モル%を超え95モル%以下、
残存するOH基の割合が5モル%以上25モル%未満とすることが特に好ましい。なお、この場合、前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が0モル%であることが特に好ましい。
得られる硬化体において、機械的強度を維持し、フォトクロミック特性をより向上させ、硬化体におけるブリードを低減し透明性を高く維持し、さらには、硬化体の歩留まりを高くするためには、変性割合は、以下の通りとすることが好ましい。すなわち、前記ポリロタキサン化合物が有する側鎖の全OH基100モル%に対して、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が1モル%以上40モル%未満、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が0モル%を超え65モル%以下、
残存するOH基の割合が0モル%以上60モル%以下とすることが好ましく、
さらに
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が5モル%以上38モル%以下、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が2モル%以上65モル%以下、
残存するOH基の割合が0モル%以上60モル%以下とすることが好ましい。
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が5モル%以上35モル%以下、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が5モル%以上65モル%以下、
残存するOH基の割合が5モル%以上60モル%以下とすることが好ましい。
本発明で使用する(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーの内、下記に示す変性割合のポリロタキサンモノマー自体は、新規化合物である。すなわち、
軸分子と、該軸分子を包接する複数の環状分子と、からなる複合分子構造を有しており、該環状分子にOH基を有する側鎖が導入されたポリロタキサン化合物において、該側鎖のOH基を変性したポリロタキサンモノマーであり、
該側鎖のOH基の1モル%以上100モル%未満がラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性されており、
該側鎖のOH基の0モル%を超え99モル%以下がラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物で変性されており、かつ、
該側鎖のOH基の残存割合(残存するOH基の割合)が0モル%以上60モル%以下であるポリロタキサンモノマーは、新規な化合物である。この新規なポリロタキサンモノマーは、前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーの下位概念の化合物である。つまり、この新規なポリロタキサンモノマーは、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物とラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物との両方で変性されていることを特徴とする。このような新規なポリロタキサンモノマーは、得られる硬化体の機械的強度を向上させることができ、かつ、他成分との相溶性を向上できる。
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が5モル%以上38モル%以下、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が2モル%以上65モル%以下、
残存するOH基の割合が0モル%以上60モル%以下 とすることが好ましい。
さらに
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が5モル%以上35モル%以下、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が5モル%以上65モル%以下、
残存するOH基の割合が5モル%以上60モル%以下とすることが好ましい。
該側鎖のOH基の5モル%以上35モル%以下がラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性され、
該側鎖のOH基の25モル%以上60モル%以下がラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物で変性され、かつ、
該側鎖のOH基の残存割合が5モル%以上40モル%以下とすることが好ましい。
本発明において、好適に使用される(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーは、上記の各成分の中でも、両端にアダマンチル基で結合しているポリエチレングリコールを軸分子とし、α-シクロデキストリン環を有する環状分子とし、さらに、ポリカプロラクトンにより該環に側鎖(末端がOH基)が導入されたポリロタキサン化合物の側鎖のOH基をラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性したものが好ましい。
フォトクロミック性を示すフォトクロミック化合物(以下、単に「(B)成分」とする場合もある)としては、それ自体公知のものを使用することができ、これらは、1種単独で使用することもできるし、2種以上を併用することもできる。
本発明のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物は、前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー以外の重合性単量体(以下、単に(C)重合性単量体、又は(C)成分とする場合もある)を含む。
本発明のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物は、(C1)(メタ)アクリレート基を分子内に2つ有する2官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを含むことが好ましい。以下に、その具体例を示す。具体的には、下記式(1)、(2)および(3)に示す化合物である。下記式(1)で示される化合物を、以下、単に(C1-1)成分とする場合もあり、下記式(2)で示される化合物を、以下、単に(C1-2)成分とする場合もあり、下記式(3)で示される化合物を、以下、単に(C1-3)成分とする場合もある。その他、ウレタン結合を有する2官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(以下、単に(C1-4)成分とする場合もある)、前記(C1-1)成分、前記(C1-2)成分、前記(C1-3)成分、および前記(C1-4)成分に該当しない2官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(以下、単に(C1-5)成分とする場合もある)について説明する。
ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ペンタエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ペンタプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ペンタエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、テトラプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、ペンタプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールとポリエチレングリコールの混合物よりなるジメタアクリレート(ポリエチレンが2個、ポリプロピレンが2個の繰り返し単位を有する)、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(特に平均分子量330)、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(特に平均分子量536)、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(特に平均分子量736)、トリプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート、テトラプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート(特に平均分子量536)、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(特に平均分子量258)、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(特に平均分子量308)、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(特に平均分子量508)、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、(特に平均分子量708)、ポリエチレングリコールメタクリレートアクリレート(特に平均分子量536)。
R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子またはメチル基であり、
R7はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子またはハロゲン原子であり、
Bは、-O-,-S-,-(SO2)-,-CO-,-CH2-,
-CH=CH-,-C(CH3)2-,-C(CH3)(C6H5)-
の何れかであり、
pおよびqはそれぞれ1以上の整数であり、p+qは平均値で2以上30以下である。
(p+q=2)、
2,2-ビス[4-メタクリロイルオキシ・ジエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=4)、
2,2-ビス[4-メタクリロイルオキシ・ポリエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=7)、
2,2-ビス(3,5-ジブロモ-4-メタクリロイルオキシエトキシフェニル)プロパン(p+q=2)、
2,2-ビス(4-メタクリロイルオキシジプロポキシフェニル)プロパン
(p+q=4)、
2,2-ビス[4-アクリロイルオキシ・ジエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=4)、
2,2-ビス[4-アクリロイルオキシ・ポリエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=3)、
2,2-ビス[4-アクリロイルオキシ・ポリエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=7)、
2,2-ビス[4-メタクリロイルキシ(ポリエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=10)、
2,2-ビス[4-メタクリロイルキシ(ポリエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=17)、
2,2-ビス[4-メタクリロイルキシ(ポリエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=30)、
2,2-ビス[4-アクリロイルキシ(ポリエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=10)、
2,2-ビス[4-アクリロイルキシ(ポリエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン
(p+q=20)。
aは平均値で1~20の数であり、
A及びA’は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ炭素数2~15の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキレン基であり、Aが複数存在する場合には、複数のAは同一の基であっても、異なる基であってもよい。
2種以上のポリアルキレングリコールの混合物、例えば、トリメチレングリコールとテトラメチレングリコールの混合物、テトラメチレングリコールとヘキサメチレンジグリコールの混合物、ペンタメチレングリコールとヘキサメチレングリコールの混合物、テトラメチレングリコールとオクタメチレングリコールの混合物、ヘキサメチレングリコールとオクタメチレングリコールの混合物等)のホスゲン化で得られるポリカーボネートジオール(数平均分子量500~2,000);
1-メチルトリメチレングリコールのホスゲン化で得られるポリカーボネートジオール(数平均分子量500~2,000);。
(C1-4)成分は、ポリオールとポリイソシアネートとの反応物が代表的である。ここで、ポリイソシアネートとしては、例えば、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート、リジンイソシアネート、2,2,4-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、ダイマー酸ジイソシアネート、イソプロピリデンビス-4-シクロヘキシルイソシアネート、ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート、ノルボルネンジイソシアネートまたはメチルシクロヘキサンジイソシアネートを挙げることができる。
(C1-5)成分としては、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基の両末端に(メタ)アクリレート基を有するような化合物が挙げられる。(C1-5)成分としては、炭素数6~20のアルキレン基を有するものが好ましい。具体的には、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジメタクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールジアクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート、1,10-デカンジオールジアクリレート、1,10-デカンジオールジメタクリレート等が挙げられる。
(C2)成分としては、下記式(4)で示される化合物(以下、単に(C2-1)成分とする場合もある)、ウレタン結合を有する多官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(以下、単に(C2-2)成分とする場合もある)、並びに、前記(C2-1)成分、および前記(C2-2)成分に該当しない多官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(以下、単に(C2-3)成分とする場合もある)が挙げられる。
多官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマーとしては、下記式(4)で示される化合物が挙げられる。
R11は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または炭素数1~2のアルキル基であり、
R12は、炭素数1~10である3~6価の有機基であり、
bは、平均値で0~3の数であり、cは3~6の数である。
(C2-2)成分は、(C1-4)成分で説明したポリイソシアネート化合物とポリオール化合物を反応させて得られるものであり、分子中に3つ以上の(メタ)アクリレート基を有する化合物である。市販品として、新中村化学工業(株)製のU-4HA(分子量596、官能基数4)、U-6HA(分子量1,019、官能基数6)、U-6LPA(分子量818、官能基数6)、U-15HA(分子量2,300、官能基数15)を挙げることができる。
(C2-3)成分としては、ポリエステル化合物の末端を(メタ)アクリレート基で修飾した化合物である。原料となるポリエステル化合物の分子量や(メタ)アクリレート基の修飾量により種々のポリエステル(メタ)アクリレート化合物が市販されているものを使用することができる。具体的には、4官能ポリエステルオリゴマー(分子量2,500~3,500、ダイセルユーシービー社、EB80等)、6官能ポリエステルオリゴマー(分子量6,000~8,000、ダイセルユーシービー社、EB450等)、6官能ポリエステルオリゴマー(分子量45,000~55,000、ダイセルユーシービー社、EB1830等)、4官能ポリエステルオリゴマー(特に分子量10,000の第一工業製薬社、GX8488B等)等を挙げることができる。
(C3)成分としては、例えば下記式(5)で示される化合物が挙げられる。
R14は、水素原子、メチルジメトキシシリル基、トリメトキシシリル基、またはグリシジル基であり、
dは、0~10の整数であり、
eは、0~20の整数である。
(C)重合性単量体は、前記(C1)成分、前記(C2)成分、必要に応じて、前記(C3)成分を含むことが好ましい。前記(C)成分の全量を100質量%としたとき、各成分は、得られるフォトクロミック硬化体の硬度、機械的特性、生産性、並びに、発色濃度、および退色速度といったフォトクロミック特性を考慮すると、
前記(C1)成分30~80質量%、前記(C2)成分10~55質量%、前記(C3)成分0~20質量%とすることが好ましく、
前記(C1)成分30~80質量%、前記(C2)成分10~50質量%、前記(C3)成分0~20質量%とすることがより好ましく、
前記(C1)成分35~70質量%、前記(C2)成分20~50質量%、前記(C3)成分1~15質量%とすることがさらに好ましく、
前記(C1)成分40~70質量%、前記(C2)成分25~50質量%、前記(C3)成分1~10質量%とすることが特に好ましい。
重合開始剤には、熱重合開始剤と光重合開始剤とがあり、その具体例は以下のとおりである。
ジアシルパーオキサイド;ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、p-クロロベンゾイルパーオキサイド、デカノイルパーオキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、アセチルパーオキサイド、
パーオキシエステル;t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサネート、t-ブチルパーオキシネオデカネート、クミルパーオキシネオデカネート、t-ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート、
パーカーボネート;ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ-sec-ブチルパーオキシジカーボネート、
アゾ化合物;アゾビスイソブチロニトリル
等が挙げられる。
アセトフェノン系化合物;1-フェニル-2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロパン-1-オン、1-ヒドロキシシクロヘキシルフェニルケトン、1-(4-イソプロピルフェニル)-2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロパン-1-オン、
α-ジカルボニル系化合物;1,2-ジフェニルエタンジオン、メチルフェニルグリコキシレート、
アシルフォスフィンオキシド系化合物;2,6-ジメチルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキシド、2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキシド、2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィン酸メチルエステル、2,6-ジクロルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキシド、2,6-ジメトキシベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキシド、
が挙げられる。
本発明のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲でそれ自体公知の各種配合剤、例えば、紫外線吸収剤、赤外線吸収剤、紫外線安定剤、酸化防止剤、着色防止剤、帯電防止剤、蛍光染料、染料、顔料、香料等の各種安定剤、添加剤、溶剤、レベリング剤を必要に応じて配合することができる。
旭電化工業(株)製アデカスタブLA-52、LA-57、LA-62、LA-63、LA-67、LA-77、LA-82、LA-87、
・2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチル-フェノール エチレンビス(オキシエチレン)ビス[3-(5-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-m-トリル)プロピオネート]
チバ・スペシャリティー・ケミカルズ社製のIRGANOX 1010、1035、1075、1098、1135、1141、1222、1330、1425、1520、259、3114、3790、5057、565、254
が挙げられる。
上述した(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー、(B)フォトクロミック化合物、(C)重合性単量体を必須成分とする本発明のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物では、(A)成分と(C)成分との合計量を100質量部としたとき、(B)成分を0.0001~10質量部の量で配合することが好ましく、0.001~10質量部の量で配合することがより好ましく、0.01~10質量部の量で配合することがさらに好ましい。即ち、フォトクロミック化合物の使用量が少なすぎる場合には、良好なフォトクロミック性の発現が困難となり、その使用量が多過ぎると、増粘等により、このフォトクロミック組成物の取り扱いが困難となり、所望の方式によりフォトクロミック性を発現させることが困難となるおそれがある。
本発明のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物は、例えば、各成分を混練してフォトクロミック硬化性組成物を調製し、これを重合硬化させることによりフォトクロミック硬化体を作製することが好ましい。そして、この硬化体によりフォトクロミック性を発現させることが望ましい。
GPCの測定は、装置として液体クロマトグラフ装置(日本ウォーターズ社製)を用いた。カラムは分析するサンプルの分子量に応じて、昭和電工株式会社製Shodex GPC KF-802(排除限界分子量:5,000)、KF802.5(排除限界分子量:20,000)、KF-803(排除限界分子量:70,000)、KF-804(排除限界分子量:400,000)、KF-805(排除限界分子量:2,000,000)を適宜使用した。また、展開液としてジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)を用い、流速1ml/min、温度40℃の条件にて測定した。標準試料にポリスチレンを用い、比較換算により重量平均分子量を求めた。なお、検出器には示差屈折率計を用いた。
製造例
(1-1)PEG-COOHの調製;
軸分子形成用のポリマーとして、分子量35,000の直鎖状ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)を用意した。
PEG 10g、
TEMPO (2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-1-ピペリジニルオキシラジカル)100mg
臭化ナトリウム 1g
を準備し、各成分を水100mLに溶解させた。この溶液に、市販の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液(有効塩素濃度5%)5mLを添加し、室温で10分間撹拌した。その後、エタノールを最大5mLまでの範囲で添加して反応を終了させた。そして、50mLの塩化メチレンを用いた抽出を行った後、塩化メチレンを留去し、250mLのエタノールに溶解させてから、-4℃の温度で12時間かけて再沈させ、PEG-COOHを回収し、乾燥した。
上記で調製されたPEG-COOH 3gおよびα-シクロデキストリン(α-CD)12gを、それぞれ、70℃の温水50mLに溶解させ、得られた各溶液を混合し、よく振り混ぜた。次いで、この混合溶液を、4℃の温度で12時間再沈させ、析出した包接錯体を凍結乾燥して回収した。その後、室温でジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)50mlに、アダマンタンアミン0.13gを溶解した後、上記の包接錯体を添加して速やかによく振り混ぜた。続いてBOP試薬(ベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル-オキシ-トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート)0.38gをDMFに溶解した溶液をさらに添加して、よく振り混ぜた。さらにジイソプロピルエチルアミン0.14mlをDMFに溶解させた溶液を添加してよく振り混ぜてスラリー状の試薬を得た。
X:4~6ppmのシクロデキストリンの水酸基由来プロトンの積分値。
Y:3~4ppmのシクロデキストリン及びPEGのメチレン鎖由来プロトンの積分値。
先ず、理論的に最大包接量1の時のX/(Y-X)を予め算出し、この値と実際の化合物の分析値から算出されたX/(Y-X)を比較することにより包接量を算出した。
上記で精製されたポリロタキサン500mgを1mol/LのNaOH水溶液50mLに溶解し、プロピレンオキシド3.83g(66mmol)を添加し、アルゴン雰囲気下、室温で12時間撹拌した。次いで、1mol/LのHCl水溶液を用い、上記のポリロタキサン溶液を、pHが7~8となるように中和し、透析チューブにて透析した後、凍結乾燥し、ヒドロキシプロピル化ポリロタキサンを得た。得られたヒドロキシプロピル化ポリロタキサンは、1H-NMRおよびGPCで同定し、所望の構造を有するヒドロキシプロピル化ポリロタキサンであることを確認した。
上記で調製されたポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサンキシレン溶液をヘキサン中に滴下し、回収し、乾燥することにより、側鎖の末端としてOH基を有する側鎖修飾ポリロタキサン(a1)を得た。
このポリロタキサン(a1)の物性は以下の通りであった。
側鎖の修飾度:0.5 (%で表示すると50%となる)。
側鎖の分子量:平均で約500。
ポリロタキサン重量平均分子量Mw(GPC):700,000。
上記製造例(1-4)で調製されたポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a1)を用いた。ポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a1)10.0gをメチルエチルケトン50mlに溶解し、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン(重合禁止剤)5mgを添加した後、2-アクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネート1.94gを滴下した。触媒としてジラウリン酸ジブチルスズを10mg添加し、70℃で4時間攪拌し、ポリカプロラクトン末端にアクリレート基を導入したポリロタキサンのメチルエチルケトン溶液を得た。この溶液をヘキサン中に滴下し、析出した固体を回収し、乾燥することで、ラジカル重合性基としてアクレート基が側鎖に導入されたポリロタキサンモノマー(A1)を得た。
側鎖の分子量:平均で約600。
ポリロタキサンモノマー重量平均分子量Mw(GPC):880,000。
アクリレート基 変性率:85モル%。
残存するOH基の割合:15モル%。
表1に得られた(A1)ポリロタキサンモノマーの特性をまとめた。参考に、前記(a1)ポリロタキサン化合物の特性を示した。
軸分子形成用のポリマーとして、分子量11,000の直鎖状ポリエチレングリコールを使用し、側鎖の導入に用いるε-カプロラクトンの量を15.0gに代えた以外は製造例(1-1)~(1-4)と同様の方法でポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a2)を準備した。得られたポリロタキサン(a2)の物性は以下の通りであった。
α-CDの包接量:0.25。
側鎖の修飾度:0.5。
側鎖の分子量:平均で約400。
ポリロタキサン重量平均分子量Mw(GPC):180,000。
ポリロタキサンモノマー重量平均分子量Mw(GPC):190,000。
アクリレート基 変性率:35モル%。
残存するOH基の割合:65モル%。
表1に得られた(A2)ポリロタキサンモノマーの特性をまとめた。比較例1として、前記(a2)ポリロタキサン化合物の特性を示した。
実施例2で調製したポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a2)を10.0g用い、2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネートを1.85g用いた以外は実施例1の(2-1)と同様に調製することで、重合性官能基としてメタクリレート基が側鎖に導入されたポリロタキサンモノマー(A3)を得た。
ポリロタキサンモノマー重量平均分子量Mw(GPC):200,000。
メタクリレート基 変性率:81モル%。
残存するOH基の割合:19モル%。
表1に得られた(A3)ポリロタキサンモノマーの特性をまとめた。
実施例2で調製したポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a2)を10.0g用い、2-アクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネートを0.83gとn-ブチルイソシアネート0.75gを用いた以外は実施例1の(2-1)と同様に調製することで、重合性官能基としてアクリル基が側鎖され、かつ重合性官能基を含まない基としてブチル基が側鎖に導入されたポリロタキサンモノマー(A4)を得た。
ポリロタキサンモノマー重量平均分子量Mw(GPC):200,000。
アクリレート基 変性率:35モル%。
ブチル基変性率:45モル%。
OH基の残存割合:20モル%。
表1に得られた(A4)ポリロタキサンモノマーの特性をまとめた。
実施例2で調製したポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a2)を、比較例1のポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a2)とした。
実施例2で調製したポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a2)を10.0g用い、2-アクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネートを2.60g用いた以外は実施例1の(2-1)と同様に調製することで、重合性官能基としてアクリル基が側鎖に導入されたポリロタキサンモノマー(a3)を得た。
(フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z1)の調製)
下記処方により、各成分を十分に混合し、フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z1)を調製した。
処方;
(A)成分;ポリロタキサンモノマー:(A1;実施例1で製造) 5質量部。
(B)成分;フォトクロミック化合物:下記式で示される化合物 2質量部。
(C1-1)成分;
ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量736) 45質量部。
(C1-1)成分;
ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量536) 7質量部。
(C2-1)成分
トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート 40質量部。
(C3)成分
γ-メタクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン 2質量部。
グリシジルメタクリレート 1質量部。
ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート(分子量508)(安定剤) 3質量部。
エチレンビス(オキシエチレン)ビス[3-(5-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-m-トリル)プロピオネート](チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製、Irganox245)(安定剤) 3質量部。
フェニルビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-ホスフィンオキシド(商品名:Irgacure819、BASF社製)(重合開始剤) 0.3質量部。
東レ・ダウコーニング株式会社製 商品名;L7001(レベリング剤)0.1質量部。
前記フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z1)を用い、積層法によりフォトクロミック積層体を得た。重合方法を以下に示す。
・最大吸収波長(λmax):
(株)大塚電子工業製の分光光度計(瞬間マルチチャンネルフォトディテクターMCPD1000)により求めた発色後の最大吸収波長である。該最大吸収波長は発色時の色調に関係する。
・発色濃度{ε(120)-ε(0)}:
前記最大吸収波長における、120秒間光照射した後の吸光度{ε(120)}と光照射前の吸光度ε(0)との差。この値が高いほどフォトクロミック性が優れているといえる。
・退色速度〔t1/2(sec.)〕:
120秒間光照射後、光の照射を止めたときに、試料の前記最大吸収波長における吸光度が{ε(120)-ε(0)}の1/2まで低下するのに要する時間。この時間が短いほどフォトクロミック性が優れているといえる。
・ビッカース硬度
ビッカース硬度は、自動計測(読取)装置付硬度計(PMT-X7A、株式会社マツザワ製)を用いて測定した。具体的には、サンプル表面に10gf、30秒でビッカース圧子を押し込み、圧痕からビッカース硬度を得た。ビッカース硬度は、レンズ加工の工程で傷が入るかどうかの指標となる。目安としてビッカース硬度が4.5を超えると傷は入りにくく、4.5以下では傷が入りやすい。
・白濁
成型したフォトクロミック積層体を、直行ニコル下で、白濁の評価を目視にて行った。
1:製品として問題ないレベルで、白濁がない、あるいはほとんど見えない。
2:製品として問題ないレベルであるが若干白濁のあるもの。
3:製品として問題ないレベルであるが2よりは白濁が強いもの。
4:白濁があり、製品として使用できないもの。
・クラック率
フォトクロミック積層体(フォトクロミック硬化体)を形成する際にフォトクロミック層にクラックが発生したものの割合を算出した。作製枚数20枚中にクラックが発生した枚数をクラックの発生割合(%)として評価した。表2に結果をまとめた。
フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z2(以下、単に(Z2)とする場合もある))の調製
実施例2で得たポリロタキサンモノマー(A2)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にしてフォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z2)を調製した。
フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z2)を使用した以外は、実施例5と同様にして積層法によりフォトクロミック積層体を得て、評価を行った。結果を表2に示した。
フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z3(以下、単に(Z3)とする場合もある))の調製
実施例3で得たポリロタキサンモノマー(A3)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にしてフォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z3)を調製した。
フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z3)を使用した以外は、実施例5と同様にして積層法によりフォトクロミック積層体を得て、評価を行った。結果を表2に示した。
フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z4(以下、単に(Z4)とする場合もある))の調製
実施例4で得たポリロタキサンモノマー(A4)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にしてフォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z4)を調製した。
フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z4)を使用した以外は、実施例5と同様に、積層法によりフォトクロミック積層体を得て、評価を行った。結果を表2に示した。
実施例2で調製したポリカプロラクトン修飾ポリロタキサン(a2)(比較例1)をそのまま用いた以外は実施例5と同様にしてフォトクロミック硬化性組成物(z1)を調製し、実施例5と同様に積層法によりフォトクロミック積層体を得て、評価を行った。結果を表2に示した。
比較例2で調製した前記ポリロタキサンモノマー(a3)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にしてフォトクロミック硬化性組成物(z2)を調製し、実施例5と同様に積層法によりフォトクロミック積層体を得て、評価を行った。結果を表2に示した。
(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーの製造
実施例9においては、軸分子形成用のポリマーとして分子量20,000の直鎖状ポリエチレングリコールを使用し、アクリレート基の変性割合(モル%)が77%、アクリレート基で変性した側鎖分子量約500、重量平均分子量610,000となるように、ε-カプロラクトン、および2-アクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネートを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー(以下、(A5)とする場合もある)を製造した。
フォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z5)~(Z17)の調製、およびフォトクロミック硬化体の作製・評価
以下の各成分を表4に示す配合割合で混合してフォトクロミック硬化性組成物(Z5)~(Z17)を準備した。
実施例1~4で作製したポリロタキサンモノマーをそれぞれA1~A4とし、実施例9~14で作製したポリロタキサンモノマーをそれぞれA5~A10とした。
実施例5で使用したフォトクロミック化合物を使用した。
(C1-1)成分
ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量536); PEDM-1
ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量736); PEDM-2
ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量708) ; PEDA-1
(C1-3)成分
ポリカーボネートジオールとアクリル酸との反応物(平均分子量520);PCA
(C1-4)成分
ダイセルユーシービー社製EB4858(分子量454) ; EB4858
(C2)成分((メタ)アクリレート基を分子内に3つ以上有する多官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマー)
(C2-1)成分
トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート ; TMPT
テトラメチロールメタンテトラアクリレート ; TMMT
(C3)成分(単官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマー)
γ-メタクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン ; MOPMS
グリシジルメタクリレート ; GM
メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(平均分子量468) ; MPEM
2:軸分子
3:環状分子
4:嵩高い末端基
5:側鎖
Claims (13)
- (A)軸分子と、該軸分子を包接する複数の環状分子と、からなる複合分子構造を有しており、該環状分子にOH基を有する側鎖が導入されたポリロタキサン化合物において、
該側鎖のOH基を、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で1モル%以上100モル%未満変性したポリロタキサンモノマー、
(B)フォトクロミック化合物、および
(C)前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー以外の重合性単量体
を含むフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。 - 前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーにおいて、前記ラジカル重合性基が(メタ)アクリレート基である請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。
- 前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーにおいて、該環状分子がシクロデキストリン環である請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。
- 前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーにおいて、前記環状分子の環内を貫通している軸分子が、両端に嵩高い基を有する鎖状構造を有しており、該鎖状構造部分がポリエチレングリコールで形成され、且つ両端の嵩高い基がアダマンチル基である請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。
- 前記ポリロタキサン化合物におけるOH基を有する側鎖が、ラクトン系化合物に由来する側鎖である請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。
- 前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーと、
前記(C)前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー以外の重合性単量体との合計量を100質量部としたとき、
前記(B)フォトクロミック化合物を0.0001~10質量部含有する請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。 - 前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーと、
前記(C)前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー以外の重合性単量体との合計量を100質量部としたとき、
前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーを0.1~50質量部含有する請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物 - 前記(C)前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマー以外の重合性単量体全体を100質量%とすると、
(C1)(メタ)アクリレート基を分子内に2つ有する2官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマーが30~80質量%、
(C2)(メタ)アクリレート基を分子内に3つ以上有する多官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマーが10~50質量%、および
(C3)(メタ)アクリレート基を1つ有する単官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマーが0~20質量%である、請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。 - 前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーが、
前記ポリロタキサン化合物が有する側鎖のOH基100モル%に対して、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が70モル%を超え95モル%以下であり、
ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が0モル%以上30モル%未満であり、
変性されていないOH基の割合が0モル%以上30モル%未満である、
請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。 - 前記(A)ポリロタキサンモノマーが、
前記ポリロタキサン化合物が有する側鎖のOH基100モル%に対して、
前記ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物での変性割合が1モル%以上40モル%未満であり、
ラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物での変性割合が0モル%を超え65モル%以下であり、
変性されていないOH基の割合が0モル%以上60モル%以下である、
請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物。 - 請求項1に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物を硬化させて得られる硬化体。
- 請求項11に記載の硬化体が光学基材上に積層されたフォトクロミック積層体。
- 軸分子と、該軸分子を包接する複数の環状分子と、からなる複合分子構造を有しており、該環状分子にOH基を有する側鎖が導入されたポリロタキサン化合物において、該側鎖のOH基を変性したポリロタキサンモノマーであり、
該側鎖のOH基の1モル%以上100モル%未満がラジカル重合性基を有する化合物で変性されており、
該側鎖のOH基の0モル%を超え99モル%以下がラジカル重合性基を有さない化合物で変性されており、かつ、
該側鎖のOH基の残存割合が0モル%以上60モル%以下であるポリロタキサンモノマー。
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BR112019002688-6A BR112019002688B1 (pt) | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-03 | Composição curável fotocrômica, uso desta, e monômeros de polirotaxano |
CN201780046813.6A CN109563219B (zh) | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-03 | 光致变色固化性组合物和其用途、以及聚轮烷单体 |
MX2019001552A MX2019001552A (es) | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-03 | Composicion curable fotocromatica, uso de la misma y monomeros de polirotaxano. |
EP17839328.6A EP3498742B1 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-03 | Photochromic curable composition, use thereof, and polyrotaxane monomers |
AU2017308293A AU2017308293B2 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-03 | Photochromic curable composition, use thereof, and polyrotaxane monomers |
KR1020197002902A KR102421984B1 (ko) | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-03 | 포토크로믹 경화성 조성물 및 그 용도, 그리고 폴리로탁산 모노머 |
SG11201900891TA SG11201900891TA (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-03 | Photochromic curable composition, use thereof, and polyrotaxane monomers |
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ES17839328T ES2982008T3 (es) | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-03 | Composición curable fotocromática, uso de la misma y monómeros de polirotaxano |
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WO2019221249A1 (ja) | 2018-05-17 | 2019-11-21 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 低水分量ポリロタキサンモノマー、および該モノマーを含む硬化性組成物 |
WO2020017610A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | 株式会社トクヤマ | フォトクロミック化合物、及び該フォトクロミック化合物を含んでなる硬化性組成物 |
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JPWO2018030257A1 (ja) | 2019-06-20 |
CN109563219A (zh) | 2019-04-02 |
CN109563219B (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
AU2017308293B2 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
EP3498742A1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
MX2019001552A (es) | 2019-07-04 |
EP3498742B1 (en) | 2024-06-12 |
KR20190035715A (ko) | 2019-04-03 |
AU2017308293A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
JP6959239B2 (ja) | 2021-11-02 |
BR112019002688A2 (pt) | 2019-05-14 |
KR102421984B1 (ko) | 2022-07-18 |
US20190161585A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
TW201823420A (zh) | 2018-07-01 |
US11649327B2 (en) | 2023-05-16 |
BR112019002688B1 (pt) | 2023-03-14 |
ES2982008T3 (es) | 2024-10-14 |
SG11201900891TA (en) | 2019-02-27 |
TWI733874B (zh) | 2021-07-21 |
SG10202101422PA (en) | 2021-03-30 |
EP3498742A4 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
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