WO2018025900A1 - Dispositif de réfrigération et son procédé de commande - Google Patents

Dispositif de réfrigération et son procédé de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018025900A1
WO2018025900A1 PCT/JP2017/028003 JP2017028003W WO2018025900A1 WO 2018025900 A1 WO2018025900 A1 WO 2018025900A1 JP 2017028003 W JP2017028003 W JP 2017028003W WO 2018025900 A1 WO2018025900 A1 WO 2018025900A1
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Prior art keywords
valve
gas
refrigerant
liquid
piping
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PCT/JP2017/028003
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
村上　健一
篤 塩谷
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三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社
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Priority to EP17837002.9A priority Critical patent/EP3462108A4/fr
Publication of WO2018025900A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018025900A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/006—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0415—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the receiver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/21—Refrigerant outlet evaporator temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2519—On-off valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus using a non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant and a control method thereof.
  • HFC refrigerants such as R410A
  • R410A As a refrigerant used for an air conditioner, HFC refrigerants, such as R410A, are used.
  • the HFC refrigerant represented by R410A has a high GWP (global warming potential). Therefore, among HFC refrigerants, R32 having a GWP lower than that of R410A, and HFO refrigerants 1234yf and R1234ze (E) are listed as candidates for the next refrigerant for R410A.
  • GWP global warming potential
  • R32 has lower GWP and can obtain equal or higher performance than R410A, but has the disadvantage of high discharge temperature and inferior reliability in a low temperature range compared to R410A.
  • R1234yf and R1234ze (E) have the advantage of having a low GWP with a GWP of 10 or less, they are only about 50% in volume capacity due to their low density compared to R410A, and to ensure equivalent performance There is a disadvantage that the size of the device is increased.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses changing the ratio of the mixed refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle by dissolving the mixed refrigerant in the refrigerator oil and utilizing the difference in the solubility of the refrigerant.
  • a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant in which refrigerants having different boiling points are mixed causes temperature slippage as shown in FIG. That is, since the boiling points and condensation points of the mixed refrigerants are different, the isotherm in the wet vapor (between the saturated liquid line and the saturated vapor line) does not become constant in pressure (p) like a single refrigerant, p It is an isothermal line falling to the right on the -h diagram. That is, temperature slippage occurs in the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant.
  • the temperature difference of the temperature slip differs. 12
  • the horizontal axis represents the mixing ratio [wt%] of R32 (low boiling point refrigerant) to R1234ze (E) (high boiling point refrigerant)
  • the vertical axis represents the high pressure side (FIG. 12A: saturation temperature 40 ° C.)
  • the temperature difference [° C.] of the temperature slip on the low pressure side (FIG. 12B: saturation temperature 10 ° C.) is shown.
  • the temperature slip is maximum at a mixing ratio of R32 to R1234ze (E) of about 20 wt%.
  • the saturation temperature is 10 ° C. on the low pressure side
  • frost may be formed on the evaporator.
  • FIG. 13 shows COPs (coefficients of performance) at the time of cooling operation and at the time of heating operation when the mixing ratio of R410A and R1234ze (E) is changed.
  • the horizontal axis (lower axis) is the mixing ratio [wt%] of R32 to R1234ze (E)
  • the horizontal axis (upper axis) is GWP in each mixing ratio
  • the vertical axis is R410A It is considered as COP in the same ability ratio to.
  • the ratio of R1234ze (E) increases, so the GWP decreases, but the COPs during the cooling operation and the heating operation decrease, especially the COP decreases during the cooling operation .
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a refrigeration apparatus that can change the mixing ratio of non-azeotropic refrigerants that perform refrigeration cycles with a simple configuration during operation, and a control method thereof. With the goal.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration system and a control method thereof that can prevent frost formation on the evaporator temperature due to temperature slip of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration system using a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant that can suppress performance deterioration during cooling operation as much as possible, and a control method thereof.
  • a refrigeration apparatus includes a compressor for compressing a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture in which low boiling point refrigerants having different boiling points and high boiling point refrigerant are mixed, and a non-azeotropic refrigerant introduced from the compressor
  • a takeout pipe for taking out part of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant from between the expansion valve and the expansion valve, an open / close valve for takeout piping provided in the takeout piping, and the takeout pipe connected to store the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant Gas-liquid separator
  • the on-off valve for the discharge pipe By opening the on-off valve for the discharge pipe according to a command from the control unit, a part of the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant is taken out from between the condenser and the expansion valve via the discharge pipe, and temporarily used as a gas-liquid separator. Retain.
  • the gas-liquid separator the gas-liquid is separated according to the temperature and pressure in the gas-liquid separator to form a liquid phase portion and a gas phase portion.
  • the on / off valve for gas return piping is opened according to a command from the control unit, the gas phase portion of the gas / liquid separator is communicated between the expansion valve and the evaporator via the gas return piping, and the pressure in the gas phase portion is low.
  • the low boiling point refrigerant is preferentially led to the evaporator.
  • the ratio of the low boiling point refrigerant in the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture in which the refrigeration cycle is performed can be increased.
  • low-boiling point refrigerant evaporates and is separated from the liquid phase portion, so high-boiling point refrigerant is present in the liquid refrigerant at a higher ratio than when non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant is taken out from the outlet piping. doing. Thereby, the ratio of the high boiling point refrigerant in the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture in which the refrigeration cycle is performed can be increased.
  • the refrigerant that has been separated by the gas-liquid separator can be returned from the gas phase portion or the liquid phase portion into the refrigeration cycle only by controlling the on-off valves of the pipes connected to the gas-liquid separator.
  • the mixing ratio of the low boiling point refrigerant and the high boiling point refrigerant can be arbitrarily changed by a simple configuration.
  • the low boiling point refrigerant include R32
  • examples of the high boiling point refrigerant include R1234yf and R1234ze (E).
  • control unit performs the on-off valve for the extraction pipe when the outside air temperature is less than a predetermined value or the temperature of the evaporator is less than a predetermined value during heating operation. Is opened, and the on-off valve for the gas return pipe is opened to perform a separation operation in which the gas refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator is returned from the gas return pipe to the evaporator side.
  • the temperature of the evaporator is generally low because the outside air temperature is low.
  • a predetermined value for example, a problem such as frost formation on the evaporator occurs. Therefore, when the outside air temperature is less than the predetermined value or the temperature of the evaporator is less than the predetermined value, the gas refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator (mainly the low boiling point) is opened by opening the on-off valve for gas return piping. The refrigerant is returned to the evaporator side through the gas return pipe to increase the proportion of the low boiling point refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle.
  • the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant is introduced from the refrigeration cycle to the gas-liquid separator from the refrigeration cycle, and gas-liquid separation is performed in the gas-liquid separator to achieve low boiling point. Returning the refrigerant back to the refrigeration cycle further promotes an increase in the proportion of low boiling point refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle.
  • separation operation is performed to separate the high boiling point refrigerant from the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle to increase the proportion of the low boiling point refrigerant, thereby reducing the temperature slip, and the evaporator It is possible to raise the saturation temperature at the point where it is possible, for example, to suppress
  • the predetermined value of the outside air temperature or the predetermined value of the temperature of the evaporator is, for example, a temperature at which the temperature of the evaporator may decrease to cause frost formation.
  • control unit causes the degree of superheat of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant sucked by the compressor to be less than a predetermined value after a predetermined period has elapsed since the start of the separation operation. After that, the on-off valve for the extraction pipe is closed.
  • the on-off valve for the extraction pipe is closed Stop taking part of the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant into the gas-liquid separator.
  • the “predetermined period” after a predetermined period has elapsed since the start of the separation operation is selected, for example, as the time until the desired mixing ratio is obtained by performing the separation operation.
  • the “predetermined value” in which the degree of superheat of the refrigerant sucked by the compressor is less than the predetermined value for example, a value set to avoid liquid compression of the compressor is used.
  • control unit opens and closes the outlet pipe when the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value or the temperature of the discharge gas discharged from the compressor is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
  • the valve is opened, the on-off valve for gas return piping is closed, and the on-off valve for liquid return piping is opened.
  • the on-off valve for gas return piping is closed to stop the low boiling point refrigerant from being preferentially returned during the refrigeration cycle. Then, the liquid return piping on-off valve is opened to return the high boiling point refrigerant, which is often present in the liquid phase portion, into the refrigeration cycle.
  • the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant is introduced from the refrigeration cycle to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separation is performed in the gas-liquid separator
  • the proportion increase of the high boiling point refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is promoted.
  • the mixing operation of mixing the high boiling point refrigerant into the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle the ratio of the high boiling point refrigerant in the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant is increased, and the mixing at the time of refrigerant charge is performed. It can be returned to the percentage.
  • the discharge gas temperature can be lowered by returning the mixing ratio of the refrigerant at the time of the refrigerant filling by the mixing operation.
  • control unit opens the on-off valve for the extraction pipe and opens the on-off valve for the gas return pipe during the cooling operation.
  • a low boiling point refrigerant such as R32 has a higher density than a high boiling point refrigerant such as R1234yf or R1234ze (E), and thus has a high COP. Therefore, at the time of the cooling operation, the ratio of the low boiling point refrigerant in the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant which performs the refrigeration cycle is increased by performing the separation operation of opening the on-off valve for the extraction pipe and the on-off valve for the gas return pipe. Thereby, highly efficient cooling operation can be realized.
  • control unit opens the on-off valve for the extraction pipe when the temperature of the discharge gas discharged from the compressor reaches a predetermined value or more.
  • the return piping on-off valve is closed, and the liquid return piping on-off valve is opened.
  • the discharge gas temperature of the compressor may be excessively high. Therefore, when the discharge gas temperature exceeds a predetermined value, open the on-off valve for the extraction pipe, close the on-off valve for the gas return pipe, and perform the mixing operation to open the on-off valve for the liquid return pipe. Then, the proportion of the high-boiling point refrigerant in the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant is increased to return to the mixing ratio at the time of refrigerant charging. As a result, by preventing the discharge gas temperature of the compressor from becoming excessively high, the equipment can be protected.
  • a control method of a refrigeration apparatus includes: a compressor for compressing a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture in which low boiling point refrigerants having different boiling points and high boiling point refrigerant are mixed; A condenser for condensing non-azeotropic refrigerant, an expansion valve for expanding the non-azeotropic refrigerant led from the condenser, and an evaporator for evaporating the non-azeotropic refrigerant led from the expansion valve; A non-azeotropic mixture connected to a take-out pipe for taking out part of the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant from between the condenser and the expansion valve, a take-off pipe on-off valve provided on the take-out pipe, and the take-out pipe A gas-liquid separator that stores refrigerant and separates gas-liquid, a gas return pipe that connects between the expansion valve and the evaporator, and a gas phase portion in the gas-liquid
  • the refrigerant that has been separated by the gas-liquid separator can be returned from the gas phase portion or the liquid phase portion into the refrigeration cycle simply by controlling each on-off valve of each pipe connected to the gas-liquid separator
  • the mixing ratio of the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant can be arbitrarily changed with the following configuration.
  • the separation operation is performed by opening the on-off valve for the extraction pipe and the on-off valve for the gas return pipe to increase the ratio of the low boiling point refrigerant in the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle. Efficient cooling operation can be realized.
  • the temperature slip according to the mixing ratio of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant is shown, which is the temperature slip when the saturation temperature is 10 ° C. It is the graph which showed the change of COP according to the mixing ratio of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a refrigerant circuit configuration of the refrigeration apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.
  • the refrigeration apparatus 1 is used, for example, as an air conditioner, and can perform heating operation and cooling operation by switching a four-way valve (not shown) provided on the discharge side of the compressor 3.
  • FIG. 1 shows the configuration during heating operation.
  • the refrigerating apparatus 1 uses, as a refrigerant, a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant in which R32 and R1234ze (E) are mixed.
  • R32 is considered as a low boiling point refrigerant having a low boiling point relative to R1234ze (E).
  • R1234ze (E) is regarded as a high boiling point refrigerant having a high boiling point relative to R32. Note that R1234yf may be used instead of R1234ze (E).
  • the refrigeration system 1 includes a compressor 3 that compresses a non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “refrigerant”), a condenser 5, an expansion valve 7, and an evaporator 9.
  • refrigerant a non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant
  • condenser 5 a condenser 5
  • expansion valve 7 a condenser 5
  • evaporator 9 By connecting the compressor 3, the condenser 5, the expansion valve 7, and the evaporator 9 with a refrigerant pipe, a refrigerant circuit that performs a refrigeration cycle is configured.
  • the compressor 3 is installed inside the outdoor unit, for example, a scroll compressor or a rotary compressor, and is driven by an electric motor (not shown).
  • the electric motor is provided with an inverter device, and the number of rotations is arbitrarily changed by a command from a control unit (not shown).
  • a suction pressure sensor 11 for measuring the suction pressure Ps of the refrigerant is provided on the suction side of the compressor 3, and a discharge temperature sensor 13 for measuring the discharge temperature of the refrigerant is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 3. ing.
  • the outputs of the suction pressure sensor 11 and the discharge temperature sensor 13 are sent to the control unit.
  • the condenser 5 is an indoor heat exchanger, and heats and exchanges heat with room air during heating operation to condense the high-pressure gas refrigerant introduced from the compressor 3.
  • the expansion valve 7 expands the refrigerant condensed and liquefied in the condenser 5.
  • the opening degree of the expansion valve 7 is controlled by the control unit.
  • the evaporator 9 is an outdoor heat exchanger installed inside the outdoor unit, and during the heating operation, the evaporator 9 evaporates the refrigerant expanded by the expansion valve 7 by exchanging heat with the outside air as the outdoor heat exchanger. .
  • an evaporator outlet temperature sensor 15 for measuring the temperature of the evaporating refrigerant is provided. The output of the evaporator outlet temperature sensor 15 is sent to the control unit.
  • a gas-liquid separator 17 is provided separately from the main refrigerant circuit that performs the refrigeration cycle by the compressor 3, the condenser 5, the expansion valve 7 and the evaporator 9 described above.
  • the gas-liquid separator 17 is a tank having a capacity capable of temporarily storing the refrigerant.
  • the gas-liquid separator 17 is installed inside an outdoor unit that accommodates the compressor 3 and the evaporator 9.
  • a discharge pipe 19 is provided between the discharge position A between the condenser 5 and the expansion valve 7 and the upper portion of the gas-liquid separator 17.
  • the outlet pipe 19 is provided with an outlet pipe on-off valve 20.
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is, for example, a solenoid valve, and is opened and closed in accordance with a command from the control unit.
  • a gas return pipe 21 is provided between a joining position B between the expansion valve 7 and the evaporator 9 and the gas-liquid separator 17.
  • the upstream end 21 a of the gas return pipe 21 is located at the upper part of the gas-liquid separator 17 and opens to the gas phase portion of the refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator 17.
  • the gas return pipe 21 is provided with a gas return pipe on-off valve 22.
  • the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is, for example, an electromagnetic valve, which is opened and closed in accordance with a command from the control unit.
  • a liquid return pipe 23 is provided between the gas-liquid separator 17 and a joining position B between the expansion valve 7 and the evaporator 9.
  • the upstream end 23 a of the liquid return pipe 23 is located at the lower portion (or the bottom) of the gas-liquid separator 17 and opens to the liquid phase portion of the refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator 17.
  • the liquid return pipe 23 is provided with a liquid return pipe on-off valve 24.
  • the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is, for example, an electromagnetic valve, and is opened and closed in accordance with a command from the control unit.
  • the control unit is configured of, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a computer readable storage medium, and the like. Then, a series of processes for realizing various functions are stored in the form of a program, for example, in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program, and the CPU reads this program into a RAM or the like to execute information processing and arithmetic processing. Thus, various functions are realized.
  • the program may be installed in advance in a ROM or other storage medium, may be provided as stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or may be distributed via a wired or wireless communication means. Etc. may be applied.
  • the computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory or the like.
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is closed, the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is open, and the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is open.
  • the open valve is displayed as white and the closed valve is displayed as solid.
  • the refrigerant is not extracted from the inside of the refrigeration cycle, and the mixing ratio of the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is not changed. Further, by opening the on / off valve 24 for liquid return piping, the liquid refrigerant is not stored in the gas-liquid separator 17, and the mixing ratio of the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is not changed.
  • the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is opened to equalize the pressure with the refrigerant pressure after being expanded by the expansion valve 7. This makes it possible to prevent the low boiling point refrigerant from remaining unvaporized during normal operation, and to prevent the liquid seal state in which the inside of the gas-liquid separator 17 is filled with unvaporized refrigerant during stoppage It is for.
  • FIG. 2 shows the separation operation at the time of heating operation.
  • the separation operation is performed after the above-described normal operation (encapsulation composition), and R32 (low boiling point refrigerant) in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle by separating R1234ze (high boiling point refrigerant) from the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle Operation to increase the mixing ratio of
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is open, the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is open, and the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is closed.
  • R 32 evaporated in the gas-liquid separator 17 passes through the gas return pipe 21 and is returned from the joining position B to the evaporator 9 to be used as a refrigerant that performs a refrigeration cycle. Thereby, the mixing ratio of R32 in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is increased.
  • FIG. 3 shows a normal operation (separated composition) at the time of heating operation. This normal operation is performed after the above-described separation operation, and is operated in a separated composition in which R1234ze (E) in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is separated to increase the mixing ratio of R32 It is.
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is closed, the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is open, and the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is closed.
  • the refrigerant is not extracted from the inside of the refrigeration cycle, and the mixing ratio of the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is not changed. Further, by closing the liquid return piping on-off valve 24, the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 17 is not returned to the refrigeration cycle, and the mixing ratio of the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is not changed.
  • the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is opened to lead R 32 separated in the gas-liquid separator 17 to the evaporator 9 through the gas return piping 21.
  • FIG. 4 shows the mixing operation at the time of heating operation.
  • the mixing operation is performed after the above-described normal operation (separation composition), and is performed to mix R1234ze (E) into the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle to reduce the mixing ratio of R32 in the refrigerant.
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is open, the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is closed, and the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is open.
  • liquid refrigerant is introduced into the gas-liquid separator 17 from between the condenser 5 and the expansion valve 7.
  • the gas return piping on-off valve 22 since the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is closed, R32 evaporated in the gas-liquid separator 17 is not supplied from the joining position B to the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle.
  • the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 since the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is opened, the liquid refrigerant stored in the gas-liquid separator 17 is led from the junction position B to the evaporator 9 through the liquid return piping 23.
  • the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 17 in which R1234ze (E) is concentrated by the separation operation see FIG. 2 is returned to the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle, so R1234ze (E in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle
  • the mixing ratio of) increases.
  • step S1 it is determined whether the outside air temperature is less than a predetermined value (for example, 10 ° C.) (step S1).
  • a predetermined value for example, 10 ° C.
  • a measurement value of an outside air temperature sensor (not shown) is used.
  • the separation operation is performed to increase the mixing ratio of R32 in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle. Thereby, the temperature slip in the evaporator 9 is reduced (see FIG. 12B), and the low pressure in the evaporator 9 is increased to prevent frost formation.
  • step S1 If it is determined in step S1 that the outside air temperature is 10 ° C. or higher, the process proceeds to step S3 and a normal operation (enclosed composition) is performed (see FIG. 1).
  • a normal operation In normal operation (enclosed composition), the mixing ratio in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is equal to that in the refrigerant filling, and the mixing ratio of R32 is not excessively large, so the discharge gas temperature of the refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 3 Is maintained below a predetermined value.
  • step S5 If the measured temperature Tho-R of the evaporator outlet temperature sensor 15 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (for example, -3 ° C.) while performing the normal operation (enclosed composition) in step S3 (step S4), the unit is stopped It is determined whether or not there is a command (step S5). When a unit stop command is issued, the refrigeration system 1 is stopped and the process is ended. If the unit stop command has not been issued, the process returns to step S3 and the normal operation (enclosed composition) is continued. When the measured temperature Tho-R of the evaporator outlet temperature sensor 15 becomes lower than -3 ° C. in step S4, the process proceeds to step S3 and the separation operation is performed. By the separation operation, the low pressure of the evaporator 9 rises to prevent frost formation.
  • a predetermined value for example, -3 ° C.
  • Step S6 While performing the separation operation in step S2, it is determined whether the degree of suction superheat of the compressor 3 is less than 2 ° C. or whether a predetermined time (for example, one hour) has passed since the separation operation was started (Ste S6).
  • the suction superheat degree is calculated from the difference between the saturation temperature of the pressure obtained by the suction pressure sensor 11 and the temperature obtained by the evaporator outlet temperature sensor 15.
  • step S6 when the degree of suction superheat is not less than 2 ° C. and one hour has not elapsed from the separation operation, the process returns to step S2 and the separation operation is continued.
  • step S6 when the degree of suction superheat becomes less than 2 ° C., or when one hour or more has passed from the separation operation, the process proceeds to step S7, and the normal operation (separation composition) is performed (see FIG. 3).
  • the normal operation an operation is performed in which R1234ze (E) is separated from the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle to increase the mixing ratio of R32.
  • frost formation on the evaporator 9 is suppressed and, as shown in FIG. 13, an operation with a high COP is performed.
  • step S8 it is determined whether the discharge temperature Tho-D measured by the discharge temperature sensor 13 exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 110 ° C.) (step S8). If the discharge temperature Tho-D exceeds 110 ° C., the process proceeds to step S9 to perform the mixing operation (see FIG. 4).
  • R1234ze (E) is mixed in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle, and is operated to approach the mixing ratio at the time of sealing. As a result, the mixing ratio of R32 in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle decreases, and the discharge temperature decreases.
  • the mixing operation ends after a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes) elapses, and the process proceeds to step S3 and a normal operation (enclosed composition) is performed.
  • step S8 the process proceeds to step S10, and it is determined whether there is a unit stop command. If the unit stop command has not been issued, the process returns to step S7 and the normal operation (separated composition) is continued. If a unit stop command is issued, the process proceeds to step S11, and after performing a mixing operation for a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes), the refrigeration apparatus 1 is stopped and the process is ended. By performing the mixing operation before stopping the refrigeration system 1, the mixing ratio in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle at the next activation is returned at the time of refrigerant charging.
  • a predetermined time for example, 5 minutes
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is closed, the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is open, and the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is closed.
  • the refrigerant is not extracted from the inside of the refrigeration cycle, and the mixing ratio of the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is not changed. Further, by opening the on-off valve 24 for liquid return piping, the liquid refrigerant is not stored in the gas-liquid separator 17, and the mixing ratio of the refrigerant forming the refrigeration cycle is not changed.
  • the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is opened to equalize the pressure with the refrigerant pressure after being expanded by the expansion valve 7. This makes it possible to prevent the low boiling point refrigerant from remaining unvaporized during normal operation, and to prevent the liquid seal state in which the inside of the gas-liquid separator is filled with unvaporized refrigerant during stoppage It is.
  • FIG. 7 shows the separation operation at the time of the cooling operation.
  • the separation operation is performed after the above-described normal operation (enclosed composition), and R32 (low) in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle by separating R1234ze (E) (high boiling point refrigerant) from the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle
  • the operation is to increase the mixing ratio of the boiling point refrigerant).
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is open, the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is open, and the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is closed.
  • liquid refrigerant is introduced into the gas-liquid separator 17 from between the condenser 5 and the expansion valve 7. Since the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is open in the gas-liquid separator 17 and the pressure is low equivalent to the pressure between the expansion valve 7 and the evaporator 9, the inside of the gas-liquid separator 17 is The low-boiling-point refrigerant R32 led to is preferentially evaporated over the high-boiling-point refrigerant R1234ze (E).
  • R 32 evaporated in the gas-liquid separator 17 passes through the gas return pipe 22 and is returned from the joining position B to the evaporator 9 and is used as a refrigerant that performs a refrigeration cycle. Thereby, the mixing ratio of R32 in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is increased.
  • FIG. 8 shows a normal operation (separated composition) at the time of the cooling operation. This normal operation is performed after the above-described separation operation, and is operated in a separated composition in which R1234ze (E) in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is separated to increase the mixing ratio of R32 It is.
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is closed, the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is closed, and the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is closed.
  • the refrigerant is not extracted from the inside of the refrigeration cycle, and the mixing ratio of the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is not changed. Further, by closing the liquid return piping on-off valve 24, the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 17 is not returned to the refrigeration cycle, and the mixing ratio of the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is not changed.
  • the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is closed. Since the outside air temperature is higher in the cooling operation than in the heating operation, the environmental temperature in the outdoor unit in which the gas-liquid separator 17 is installed is high, and R1234ze (E), which is a high boiling point refrigerant, also evaporates. This is because there is a possibility that the refrigerant may join the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle through the return pipe 21.
  • R1234ze (E) which is a high boiling point refrigerant
  • FIG. 9 shows the mixing operation at the time of the cooling operation.
  • the mixing operation is performed after the above-described normal operation (separation composition), and is performed to mix R1234ze (E) into the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle to reduce the mixing ratio of R32 in the refrigerant.
  • the outlet piping on-off valve 20 is open, the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is closed, and the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is open.
  • liquid refrigerant is introduced into the gas-liquid separator 17 from between the condenser 5 and the expansion valve 7.
  • the gas return piping on-off valve 22 since the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is closed, R32 evaporated in the gas-liquid separator 17 is not supplied from the joining position B to the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle.
  • the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 since the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is opened, the liquid refrigerant stored in the gas-liquid separator 17 is led from the junction position B to the evaporator 9 through the liquid return piping 23.
  • the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 17 in which R1234ze (E) is concentrated by the separation operation see FIG. 7) is returned to the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle, so R1234ze (E in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle
  • the mixing ratio of) increases.
  • step S21 the separation operation (see FIG. 7) is performed, and the mixing ratio of R32 in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is increased.
  • the cooling operation with improved COP is performed (see FIG. 13).
  • Step S21 While performing the separation operation in step S21, it is determined whether the degree of suction superheat of the compressor 3 is less than 2 ° C. or whether a predetermined time (for example, one hour) has passed since the separation operation was started ( Step S22).
  • step S22 If it is determined in step S22 that the degree of suction superheat is not less than 2 ° C. and one hour has not elapsed from the separation operation, the process returns to step S21 to continue the separation operation.
  • step S22 when the degree of suction superheat is less than 2 ° C. or one hour or more has elapsed from the separation operation, the process proceeds to step S23, and the normal operation (separation composition) is performed (see FIG. 8).
  • the normal operation an operation is performed in which R1234ze (E) is separated from the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle to increase the mixing ratio of R32.
  • the cooling operation with a high COP is continued.
  • step S24 While performing the normal operation (separation composition) in step S23, it is determined whether the discharge temperature Tho-D measured by the discharge temperature sensor 13 exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 110 ° C.) (step S24). If the discharge temperature Tho-D exceeds 110 ° C., the process proceeds to step S25 to perform the mixing operation (see FIG. 9).
  • R1234ze (E) is mixed in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle, and is operated to approach the mixing ratio at the time of sealing.
  • the mixing ratio of R32 in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle decreases, and the discharge temperature decreases.
  • the mixing operation is finished after a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes) elapses, and the process proceeds to step S26 where a normal operation (enclosed composition) is performed (see FIG. 6).
  • the mixing ratio in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is equal to that at the time of refrigerant charging, and the mixing ratio of R32 is not large, so the discharge gas temperature of the refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 3 is predetermined. It becomes the operation kept below the value.
  • step S27 While performing the normal operation (enclosed composition) in step S26, it is determined whether or not there is a unit stop command (step S27). When a unit stop command is issued, the refrigeration system 1 is stopped and the process is ended. If the unit stop command has not been issued, the process returns to step S26 and the normal operation (enclosed composition) is continued.
  • step S24 If it is determined in step S24 that the discharge temperature Tho-D does not exceed 110 ° C., the process proceeds to step S28, and it is determined whether there is a unit stop instruction. If the unit stop command has not been issued, the process returns to step S23 and the normal operation (separation composition) is continued. If a unit stop command has been issued, the process proceeds to step S29, and after performing a mixing operation for a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes), the refrigeration apparatus 1 is stopped and the process is ended. By performing the mixing operation before stopping the refrigeration system 1, the mixing ratio in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle at the next activation is returned at the time of refrigerant charging.
  • a predetermined time for example, 5 minutes
  • the gas refrigerant or liquid refrigerant separated by the gas / liquid separator 17 is subjected to a refrigeration cycle only by connecting the pipes 19, 21 and 23 to the gas / liquid separator 17 and controlling the on / off valves 20, 22 and 24. Since it can be returned to the inside, the mixing ratio of the low boiling point refrigerant (R32) and the high boiling point refrigerant (R1234ze (E)) can be arbitrarily changed by a simple configuration.
  • the temperature of the evaporator 9 is low because the outside air temperature is generally low.
  • the evaporator may be frosted. Therefore, when the outside air temperature is less than a predetermined value (for example, 10 ° C.) or the evaporator outlet temperature is less than a predetermined value (for example, -3 ° C.), the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is opened to perform refrigeration. Increase the proportion of R32 (low-boiling point refrigerant) in the cycle.
  • a predetermined value for example, 10 ° C.
  • a predetermined value for example, -3 ° C.
  • the refrigerant is introduced from the refrigeration cycle to the gas-liquid separator 17, and the gas-liquid separation is performed in the gas-liquid separator 17 to perform R32 during the refrigeration cycle. Reversion further promotes the increase in the proportion of R32 in the refrigeration cycle.
  • temperature slip can be achieved by performing separation operation in which R1234ze (E) (high boiling point refrigerant) is separated from the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle to increase the ratio of R32. It is possible to reduce the size and increase the saturation temperature in the evaporator 9 to suppress frost formation.
  • the extraction pipe on-off valve 20 is closed.
  • the removal of part of the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle into the gas-liquid separator 17 is stopped (see FIG. 3).
  • the control for increasing the ratio of R32 in the refrigerant that performs the refrigeration cycle is stopped, and the normal operation (separation composition) can be performed with the composition of the mixed refrigerant after the separation operation.
  • the gas return piping on-off valve 22 is closed to stop that R32 is preferentially returned during the refrigeration cycle. Then, the liquid return piping on-off valve 24 is opened to return R1234ze (E), which is mostly present in the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 17, back to the refrigeration cycle.
  • a predetermined value for example, 10 ° C.
  • the refrigerant is introduced from the refrigeration cycle to the gas-liquid separator 17, and the gas-liquid separation is performed in the gas-liquid separator 17 to obtain R1234ze (liquid phase).
  • R1234ze liquid phase
  • E) By bringing the E cycle into the refrigeration cycle preferentially, it promotes an increase in the proportion of R1234ze (E) in the refrigeration cycle.
  • the ratio of R1234ze (E) in the refrigerant can be increased, and the mixing ratio at the time of refrigerant charging can be returned to .
  • the discharge gas temperature discharged from the compressor 3 reaches a predetermined value (for example, 110 ° C.) or more, the discharge gas temperature is lowered by returning the mixing ratio of the refrigerant at the time of refrigerant filling by the mixing operation.
  • a predetermined value for example, 110 ° C.
  • the ratio R32 in the refrigerant performing the refrigeration cycle is increased by performing the separation operation (see FIG. 7) in which the on-off valve 20 for the extraction pipe and the on-off valve 22 for the gas return pipe are opened. Thereby, highly efficient cooling operation can be realized.
  • the refrigeration apparatus capable of switching between heating and cooling has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and is also applied to a refrigeration apparatus performing only heating operation or only cooling operation. be able to.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de réfrigération est équipé de : un tuyau d'extraction (19) qui extrait une partie d'un mélange réfrigérant non azéotrope entre un condenseur (5) et une vanne d'expansion (7); une vanne d'arrêt du tuyau d'extraction (20); un séparateur gaz-liquide (17) qui est relié au tuyau d'extraction (19) et qui accumule le mélange réfrigérant non azéotropique et sépare le mélange en un gaz et un liquide; un tuyau de retour de gaz (21) reliant la partie de phase gazeuse à l'intérieur du séparateur gaz-liquide (17) et un point situé entre la vanne d'expansion (7) et un évaporateur (9); une vanne d'arrêt de conduite de retour de gaz (22); un tuyau de retour de liquide (23) reliant la partie de phase liquide à l'intérieur du séparateur gaz-liquide (17) et un point entre la soupape d'expansion (7) et l'évaporateur (9); une vanne d'arrêt du tuyau de retour de liquide (24); et une unité de commande qui commande la vanne d'arrêt de tuyau d'extraction (20), la vanne d'arrêt de tuyau de retour de gaz (22), et la vanne d'arrêt de tuyau de retour de liquide (24).
PCT/JP2017/028003 2016-08-04 2017-08-02 Dispositif de réfrigération et son procédé de commande WO2018025900A1 (fr)

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WO2020083823A1 (fr) * 2018-10-21 2020-04-30 Proff Investment As Système de refroidissement
KR20200070035A (ko) 2018-12-08 2020-06-17 이동원 히트펌프의 제어방법
KR20200085623A (ko) 2019-01-07 2020-07-15 이동원 히트펌프의 제어방법
KR20200086593A (ko) 2019-01-09 2020-07-17 이동원 히트펌프 제어 방법
KR20200123603A (ko) 2019-04-22 2020-10-30 이동원 히트펌프 및 그 제어방법

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CN111435040A (zh) * 2019-01-11 2020-07-21 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 一种制冷系统、制冷设备
KR102188984B1 (ko) * 2020-06-18 2020-12-10 오석재 히트펌프 시스템
CN116829884A (zh) * 2021-01-05 2023-09-29 三菱电机株式会社 制冷循环装置
WO2022249394A1 (fr) 2021-05-27 2022-12-01 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif à cycle frigorifique
JP2023136032A (ja) * 2022-03-16 2023-09-29 株式会社富士通ゼネラル 冷凍サイクル装置
CN114739026B (zh) * 2022-03-22 2023-10-13 澳柯玛股份有限公司 一种用于展示柜的混合制冷剂制冷系统

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CN113227678A (zh) * 2018-10-21 2021-08-06 资产投资股份有限公司 冷却系统
CN113227678B (zh) * 2018-10-21 2023-06-02 资产投资股份有限公司 冷却系统
KR20200070035A (ko) 2018-12-08 2020-06-17 이동원 히트펌프의 제어방법
KR20200085623A (ko) 2019-01-07 2020-07-15 이동원 히트펌프의 제어방법
KR20200086593A (ko) 2019-01-09 2020-07-17 이동원 히트펌프 제어 방법
KR20200123603A (ko) 2019-04-22 2020-10-30 이동원 히트펌프 및 그 제어방법

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