WO2018003991A1 - 探針の製造方法及び探針 - Google Patents
探針の製造方法及び探針 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018003991A1 WO2018003991A1 PCT/JP2017/024240 JP2017024240W WO2018003991A1 WO 2018003991 A1 WO2018003991 A1 WO 2018003991A1 JP 2017024240 W JP2017024240 W JP 2017024240W WO 2018003991 A1 WO2018003991 A1 WO 2018003991A1
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- cantilever
- probe
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- tip
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N21/658—Raman scattering enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/54—Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q60/00—Particular types of SPM [Scanning Probe Microscopy] or microscopes; Essential components thereof
- G01Q60/18—SNOM [Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. SNOM probes
- G01Q60/22—Probes, their manufacture, or their related instrumentation, e.g. holders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q60/00—Particular types of SPM [Scanning Probe Microscopy] or microscopes; Essential components thereof
- G01Q60/24—AFM [Atomic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. AFM probes
- G01Q60/38—Probes, their manufacture, or their related instrumentation, e.g. holders
- G01Q60/40—Conductive probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q60/00—Particular types of SPM [Scanning Probe Microscopy] or microscopes; Essential components thereof
- G01Q60/24—AFM [Atomic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. AFM probes
- G01Q60/38—Probes, their manufacture, or their related instrumentation, e.g. holders
- G01Q60/42—Functionalisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q70/00—General aspects of SPM probes, their manufacture or their related instrumentation, insofar as they are not specially adapted to a single SPM technique covered by group G01Q60/00
- G01Q70/08—Probe characteristics
- G01Q70/14—Particular materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q70/00—General aspects of SPM probes, their manufacture or their related instrumentation, insofar as they are not specially adapted to a single SPM technique covered by group G01Q60/00
- G01Q70/16—Probe manufacture
- G01Q70/18—Functionalisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N2021/653—Coherent methods [CARS]
- G01N2021/656—Raman microprobe
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a probe for measuring tip-enhanced Raman scattering and a method for manufacturing the probe.
- Tip-enhanced Raman scattering is a method in which a metal tip of a probe is brought close to or in contact with a sample, light is irradiated to the tip of the probe, and enhanced Raman scattered light is generated from the sample. Irradiation of light to the tip of the probe made of metal induces localized plasmons, generates a locally enhanced electric field, and enhances Raman scattered light. By utilizing the tip-enhanced Raman scattering, Raman spectroscopic analysis of a minute region of the sample becomes possible.
- a metal probe for STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscope ⁇ ⁇ ) or an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) probe deposited with metal has been used as a probe.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a probe coated with silver by vapor deposition.
- the enhancement of Raman scattered light by tip-enhanced Raman scattering depends on the size and shape of the metal nanostructure formed on the tip of the probe.
- the entire probe is coated with metal, and the size and shape of the metal nanostructure formed at the tip of the probe is changed to the wavelength of various excitation lights for Raman spectroscopy. It is difficult to make the size and shape suitable for the above.
- the conventional method has a problem that large facilities such as a vacuum box and a vacuum pump are required to perform metal deposition.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a probe capable of simplifying the manufacture of the probe and appropriately controlling the size and shape of the metal nanostructure. It is in providing the manufacturing method of a needle, and a probe.
- a method of manufacturing a probe according to the present invention is a method of manufacturing a probe protruding from a cantilever, which is made of a semiconductor and partially coated with a first metal having a higher Fermi level than the semiconductor. Then, the second metal structure is deposited on the tip of the needle-like body by immersing the cantilever in which the needle-like body protrudes from the other part in a solution containing ions of the second metal. It is characterized by manufacturing the probe.
- a cantilever partially coated with a first metal having a Fermi level higher than that of the semiconductor material is immersed in a solution containing ions of the second metal.
- a needle-like body protrudes from the cantilever.
- the presence of the first metal effectively causes the semiconductor electrons to flow out into the solution, and a second metal structure is deposited at the tip of the needle-like body.
- a probe for tip-enhanced Raman scattering in which a metal structure is fixed to the tip of the needle-like body is manufactured.
- a probe manufacturing method is a method of manufacturing a probe protruding from a cantilever, wherein the cantilever made of a semiconductor and protruding from a part of the cantilever contains a second metal ion. Then, by immersing in a solution having a Fermi level lower than that of the semiconductor, electrons are supplied from the needle-like body to the ions of the second metal in the solution, and are applied to the tip of the needle-like body. A probe in which the second metal structure is deposited is manufactured.
- a cantilever made of a semiconductor is immersed in a solution containing ions of the second metal.
- a needle-like body protrudes from a part of the cantilever.
- the electrons flow out from the tip of the needle-like body into the solution, the second metal ions are reduced, and the second metal structure is deposited.
- a probe for tip-enhanced Raman scattering in which a metal structure is fixed to the tip of the needle-like body is manufactured.
- the method for manufacturing a probe according to the present invention is characterized in that a part of the cantilever is coated with a metal coat made of a first metal.
- a cantilever partially coated with a metal coat made of the first metal is immersed in a solution containing ions of the second metal. Electrons flow from the metal coat to the cantilever, electrons flow out from the tip of the needle-like body into the solution, and a second metal structure is deposited at the tip of the needle-like body.
- the probe manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that the first metal is a metal having a higher ionization tendency than the second metal.
- the first metal is oxidized and the ions of the second metal are easily reduced.
- the first metal is oxidized, electrons flow from the metal coat to the cantilever, electrons flow out from the tip of the needle-like body into the solution, and ions of the second metal are reduced.
- a second metal structure is deposited at the tip of the needle-like body.
- the method for manufacturing a probe according to the present invention is characterized in that the metal coat is in ohmic contact with the cantilever.
- the metal coat is in ohmic contact with a cantilever made of an n-type semiconductor, electrons easily flow from the metal coat to the cantilever. Electrons flow from the metal coat to the cantilever, electrons flow out from the tip of the needle-like body into the solution, and a second metal structure is deposited at the tip of the needle-like body.
- the method for manufacturing a probe according to the present invention is characterized in that the first metal is aluminum, chromium, iron, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, or tin.
- the first metal is aluminum, chromium, iron, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel or tin.
- the method for manufacturing a probe according to the present invention is characterized in that after the cantilever is immersed in the solution, the immersion is interrupted to dry the needle-like body, and the cantilever is immersed again in the solution. To do.
- the needle-like body is once dried, and the cantilever is immersed again in the solution.
- the seed of the metal structure is formed by the first immersion, and the metal structure further grows by the second immersion.
- the probe manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that the solution is a solution containing ions of silver, gold, platinum, iridium, palladium, copper, or bismuth.
- the solution contains ions of silver, gold, platinum, iridium, palladium, copper or bismuth. For this reason, a metal structure of silver, gold, platinum, iridium, palladium, copper or bismuth is deposited on the tip of the needle-like body. By using a probe including these metal structures, tip-enhanced Raman scattering can be measured.
- the method for manufacturing a probe according to the present invention is characterized in that a part of the structure included in the deteriorated probe is removed or reduced, or the deposits on the structure are removed.
- the probe is regenerated by removing or reducing a deteriorated part of the metal structure included in the deteriorated probe.
- the probe according to the present invention is a probe protruding from a cantilever protruding from the cantilever and protruding from another part of the cantilever that is made of a semiconductor and partially coated with a first metal having a higher Fermi level than the semiconductor. And a structure of the second metal deposited on the tip of the acicular body by immersing the cantilever in a solution containing ions of the second metal. .
- the probe according to the present invention is a probe protruding from a cantilever, wherein the needle-like body protruding from a part of a cantilever made of semiconductor and the cantilever are immersed in a solution containing a second metal ion.
- the second metal structure deposited on the tip of the needle-like body.
- the probe has a structure in which a metal structure is deposited on the tip of the needle-like body. According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, a metal structure having an appropriate size and shape for measuring tip-enhanced Raman scattering is provided.
- the size and shape of the metal structure formed during the manufacture of the probe can be freely controlled by adjusting the concentration of the solution in which the cantilever is immersed or the immersion time.
- a metal structure having a size and shape suitable for various types of excitation light for spectroscopy can be formed. Therefore, when measuring tip-enhanced Raman scattering using a probe, the present invention has excellent effects, such as enabling effective enhancement of Raman scattered light.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a probe for tip-enhanced Raman scattering according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a probe for tip-enhanced Raman scattering according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a probe for tip-enhanced Raman scattering according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a method for manufacturing a probe according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a method for manufacturing a probe according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a method for manufacturing a probe according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a method for manufacturing a probe according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a tip for tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
- the probe holder 1 is formed of Si (silicon) in a flat plate shape.
- a cantilever 11 is provided at one end of the probe holder 1. In the figure, the cantilever 11 is shown enlarged.
- a probe 12 is provided at the end of the cantilever 11. Furthermore, in the drawing, the tip portion of the probe 12 is shown enlarged.
- the probe 12 includes a needle-like body 13 protruding from the cantilever 11 and an aggregate 14 of metal structures fixed to the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the cantilever 11 has two surfaces in a front-back relationship, and the needle-like body 13 protrudes from one surface of the cantilever 11.
- the other surface of the cantilever 11, that is, the surface opposite to the surface on which the probe 12 is provided is referred to as the back surface.
- the cantilever 11 includes a needle-like body 13.
- the acicular body 13 has a pyramid shape, and is configured integrally with the cantilever 11 with Si.
- the cantilever 11 including the needle-like body 13 is formed from one Si single crystal.
- the metal structure assembly 14 is formed by a plurality of metal structures.
- the metal structure is an Ag nanostructure made of nano-sized Ag (silver) is shown.
- the size of each Ag nanostructure is several nm or more and less than 1 ⁇ m, and the aggregate 14 of Ag nanostructures is several ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an AFM probe.
- a needle-like body 13 projects from the end of a cantilever 11 provided at one end of the probe holder 1.
- a metal coat 15 is formed on the back surface of the cantilever 11.
- the metal coat 15 is obtained by coating the back surface of the cantilever 11 with aluminum. That is, in the cantilever 11, the portion where the metal coat 15 is formed is on a surface different from the surface where the needle-like body 13 is provided.
- Aluminum constituting the metal coat 15 corresponds to the first metal.
- FIG. 3A, 3B, and 3C are schematic views showing a method for manufacturing the probe 12 for tip-enhanced Raman scattering according to the first embodiment.
- the cantilever 11 with the needle-like body 13 protruding from the end is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 is a solution containing Ag ions. Ag ions contained in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 correspond to ions of the second metal.
- the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 does not contain a reducing agent for reducing metal ions.
- the cantilever 11 is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 so that at least a part of the metal coat 15 formed on the back surface of the cantilever 11 and the needle-like body 13 are immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3. Further, it is desirable to immerse the cantilever 11 in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 so that the tip of the needle-like body 13 faces upward. By immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3, Ag precipitates at the tip of the needle-like body 13, and an Ag nanostructure grows.
- the Fermi level of aluminum constituting the metal coat 15 is higher than the Fermi level of Si. Electrons in the aluminum enter the Si constituting the cantilever 11. In accordance with the intrusion of electrons from aluminum, Si electrons flow out into the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 over the Si natural oxide film. The outflowed electrons reduce Ag ions in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 and precipitate Ag nanostructures. Since electrons are most likely to jump out from the tip of the needle-like body 13, Si electrons mainly flow out from the tip of the needle-like body 13 into the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3. For this reason, the Ag nanostructure is deposited and grows at the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- an Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is formed at the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the Ag nanostructure may be deposited on the ridge line of the cantilever 11 including the acicular body 13.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus.
- the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus is configured to apply a sample stage 5 on which a sample 2 is placed, a cantilever 11, a probe 12, an irradiation unit 61 that irradiates laser light, and laser light from the irradiation unit 61 to the sample 2. And a lens 4 that collects light on the tip of the probe 12 that is in close proximity or in contact with the probe.
- the probe 12 is provided at the end of the cantilever 11.
- the sample stage 5 has a sample placement surface 51.
- the sample 2 can take arbitrary shapes, such as a flat plate.
- the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus includes a drive unit 66 that moves the cantilever 11, a laser light source 67, an optical sensor 68, a signal processing unit 69, and a control unit 65.
- the drive unit 66 moves the cantilever 11 to bring the probe 12 closer to the sample 2 on the sample placement surface 51.
- the laser light source 67 irradiates the back surface of the cantilever 11 with laser light.
- the laser beam is reflected by the metal coat 15 provided on the back surface of the cantilever 11.
- the optical sensor 68 detects the reflected laser light and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the signal processing unit 69. In FIG. 4, the laser beam is indicated by a broken-line arrow.
- the cantilever 11 When the tip of the probe 12 approaches or comes into contact with the sample 2, the cantilever 11 is deflected by the atomic force, the position where the optical sensor 68 detects the laser beam is shifted, and the signal processing unit 69 detects the deflection of the cantilever 11. .
- the change in the amount of deflection of the cantilever 11 corresponds to the change in the distance between the probe 12 and the surface of the sample 2.
- the signal processing unit 69 controls the operation of the driving unit 66 so that the deflection of the cantilever 11 is constant.
- the control unit 65 controls the movement of the probe 12 by controlling the operation of the signal processing unit 69.
- the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus may be configured to measure the current flowing between the probe 12 and the sample 2 and control the movement of the probe 12 based on the measured current.
- the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus further includes a beam splitter 62, a spectroscope 63, a detection unit 64 that detects light, and a drive unit 50 that moves the sample stage 5 up and down or left and right.
- the laser beam irradiated by the irradiation unit 61 passes through the beam splitter 62, is collected by the lens 4, and is irradiated to the tip of the probe 12 that is in proximity to or in contact with the sample 2.
- the tip of the probe 12 includes an Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 formed at the tip of the needle 13.
- the proximity refers to the extent to which localized plasmons are induced on the surface of the sample 2 by the irradiated light, a locally enhanced electric field is generated, and tip-enhanced Raman scattering that enhances Raman scattered light occurs.
- the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is close to the surface of the sample 2 up to a distance of.
- Tip-enhanced Raman scattering occurs in the portion of the sample 2 where the tip of the probe 12 approaches or contacts and is irradiated with laser light.
- the generated Raman scattered light is collected by the lens 4, reflected by the beam splitter 62, and enters the spectroscope 63.
- laser light and Raman scattered light irradiated on the sample 2 are indicated by solid arrows.
- the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus includes an optical system including a number of optical components such as a mirror, a lens, and a filter for guiding, condensing, and separating laser light and Raman scattered light.
- optical systems other than the lens 4 and the beam splitter 62 are omitted.
- the spectroscope 63 separates the incident Raman scattered light.
- the detection unit 64 detects the light of each wavelength dispersed by the spectroscope 63 and outputs a signal corresponding to the detection intensity of the light of each wavelength to the control unit 65.
- the control unit 65 controls the wavelength of light dispersed by the spectroscope 63 and receives a signal output from the detection unit 64, and based on the wavelength of the dispersed light and the detected intensity of light indicated by the input signal. Generate a spectrum. In this way, tip enhanced Raman scattering is measured.
- the control unit 65 controls the operation of the driving unit 50 to move the sample stage 5 and enable measurement of tip-enhanced Raman scattering at each part on the sample 2.
- the Ag nano-particles 13 are projected at the tip of the needle-like body 13 by immersing the cantilever 11 in which the needle-like body 13 protrudes and the metal coat 15 is formed on the back surface in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the probe 12 to which the assembly 14 of structures is fixed is manufactured.
- the Ag nanostructure is deposited on the tip of the needle-like body 13, so that a large-scale facility for vacuum deposition is not required, and the tip-enhanced Raman scattering is performed with little effort.
- the probe 12 can be manufactured.
- the size and shape of the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 can be controlled. Therefore, the size and shape of the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 formed on the probe 12 can be freely controlled, and the aggregate 14 suitable for the wavelength of the laser beam for Raman spectroscopy is formed. can do. Therefore, when the tip-enhanced Raman scattering is measured using the probe 12, it is possible to effectively enhance the Raman scattered light. Further, by controlling the size and shape of the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14, it is possible to manufacture the probe 12 that can obtain a desired enhancement when measuring tip-enhanced Raman scattering. .
- the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 does not contain a reducing agent for reducing metal ions, the entire surface of the needle-like body 13 is not coated with Ag, and the needle-like body 13 is mainly used.
- Ag nanostructure aggregates 14 are formed in a concentrated manner at the tip of each.
- the metal coat 15 formed on the cantilever 11 is made of aluminum.
- the first metal constituting the metal coat 15 may be a metal having a Fermi level higher than that of Si.
- a metal other than aluminum may be used.
- the first metal may be chromium, iron, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel or tin.
- the cantilever 11 including the needle-like body 13 may be made of Si having a water-resistant film such as a natural oxide film on the surface, or may partially contain Si having no water-resistant film. Good.
- the cantilever 11 may be comprised with the semiconductor which has a water-resistant film, such as a natural oxide film, on the surface other than Si.
- the first metal is a metal having a higher Fermi level than the semiconductor constituting the cantilever 11.
- the metal coat 15 made of the first metal may be formed on a portion other than the back surface of the cantilever 11.
- the cantilever 11 is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the solution containing Ag ions may be an aqueous solution other than the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the ions of the second metal contained in the solution in which the cantilever 11 is immersed may be ions of a metal other than Ag.
- Metal ions include complex ions.
- the Fermi level of the solution containing the second metal ion or the electron chemical potential of the solution containing the second metal ion is preferably lower than the Fermi level of the semiconductor constituting the cantilever 11.
- the Fermi level referred to in this specification refers to each Fermi level before the semiconductor and the metal or solution come into contact with each other.
- the Fermi level is a term in semiconductor physics, and the chemical potential of an electron is a term in solid state physics or electrochemistry, but the Fermi level and the second of a solution containing ions of the second metal.
- the amount of the chemical potential of the solution containing the metal ions is almost equivalent.
- the Fermi level of the second metal is preferably lower than the Fermi level of the semiconductor constituting the cantilever 11.
- the Fermi level (or electron chemical potential) of the solution containing the ions of the second metal is lower than the Fermi level of the semiconductor constituting the cantilever 11, and the Fermi level of the second metal is More preferably, it is lower than the Fermi level of the semiconductor constituting the cantilever 11.
- the second metal is Au (gold), platinum, iridium, palladium, copper or bismuth.
- a solution containing these metal ions is used, and a structure of these metals is formed at the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the probe 12 in which an aggregate of Au nanostructures is deposited on the tip of the needle-like body 13 is manufactured using an aqueous potassium chloroaurate solution. Even when the probe 12 in which a structure of Au, platinum, iridium, palladium, copper, or bismuth is deposited on the tip of the needle-like body 13 is used, tip-enhanced Raman scattering can be measured.
- the structure of the probe 12 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- a cantilever 11 is provided at one end of the probe holder 1, and a probe 12 is provided at the end of the cantilever 11.
- a metal coat 15 is formed on the back surface of the cantilever 11.
- the probe 12 includes a needle-like body 13 protruding from the cantilever 11 and an aggregate 14 of metal structures fixed to the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the metal structure in the present embodiment is an Ag nanostructure.
- the first metal constituting the metal coat 15 is, for example, aluminum.
- the metal coat 15 is preferably in ohmic contact with the cantilever 11.
- the probe 12 is manufactured by immersing the cantilever 11 in a solution containing ions of the second metal.
- the first metal constituting the metal coat 15 is a metal having a higher ionization tendency than the second metal.
- the Fermi level of the first metal in the present embodiment may be equal to or lower than the Fermi level of the semiconductor constituting the cantilever 11 including the needle-like body 13.
- the cantilever 11 is made of n-type Si, and the metal coat 15 is preferably in ohmic contact with the cantilever 11.
- the second metal is Ag
- the first metal is aluminum
- the solution containing ions of the second metal is the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- Aluminum has a higher ionization tendency than Ag.
- Aluminum has a lower Fermi level than n-type Si.
- the contact between the first metal and the semiconductor is a Schottky contact.
- the semiconductor is a highly doped n-type Si having a low resistance
- the contact between the first metal and the semiconductor is an ohmic contact due to quantum mechanical tunneling.
- an AFM probe is commercially available in which a metal coat made of metal aluminum is in ohmic contact with an n-type Si cantilever having a resistance of 0.01 ⁇ cm.
- the probe 12 is manufactured by immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 as in the first embodiment.
- the cantilever 11 with the needle-like body 13 protruding from the end is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 does not contain a reducing agent.
- the cantilever 11 is immersed in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 so that at least a part of the metal coat 15 and the needle-like body 13 are immersed in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3.
- the ionization tendency of aluminum constituting the metal coat 15 is larger than that of Ag. For this reason, aluminum in the metal coat 15 is easily oxidized, and Ag ions in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 are easily reduced. When aluminum is oxidized, electrons are emitted from the aluminum. When Ag ions are reduced, Ag ions absorb electrons. That is, when the cantilever 11 is immersed in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3, electrons flow from aluminum in the metal coat 15 to Ag ions in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3. When the metal coat 15 is in ohmic contact with the cantilever 11, electrons easily flow from the metal coat 15 to the cantilever 11.
- the Fermi level of the first metal (aluminum) is lower than the semiconductor (n-type Si) Fermi level constituting the cantilever 11, electrons flow from the metal coat 15 to the cantilever 11 due to the ohmic contact. .
- the aluminum in the metal coat 15 is oxidized, and electrons flow from the metal coat 15 to the cantilever 11. Further, electrons are most likely to jump out from the tip of the needle-like body 13. For this reason, when electrons flow from the metal coat 15 to the cantilever 11, electrons are supplied to the needle-like body 13, and electrons flow out from the tip of the needle-like body 13 into the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3.
- the Ag ions in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 are reduced by the electrons that have flowed out. For this reason, the Ag nanostructure is deposited and grows at the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the cantilever 11 Since negative carriers are contained in n-type Si, when the cantilever 11 is composed of n-type Si, electrons easily move through the cantilever 11 including the needle-like body 13. Electrons easily flow out from the tip of the acicular body 13 into the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3, and Ag nanostructures are likely to precipitate. For this reason, it is desirable that the cantilever 11 is made of an n-type semiconductor. In addition, as the curvature of the tip of the needle-like body 13 increases, electrons are more likely to jump out from the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- an Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is formed at the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the probe 12 is manufactured in which the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is fixed to the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing an analysis result of XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) for the metal coat 15.
- the horizontal axis represents binding energy
- the vertical axis represents photoelectron intensity in arbitrary units.
- the bond energy of aluminum oxide and the bond energy of metallic aluminum are indicated by dotted lines.
- FIG. 5 a spectrum showing the result of XPS performed on the metal coat 15 before the cantilever 11 is immersed in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3, and the metal coat 15 after the cantilever 11 is immersed in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 are shown.
- the spectrum which shows the result of XPS which is done is shown.
- the configuration of the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus provided with the probe 12 is the same as that of the first embodiment. Also in the present embodiment, the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus can measure the tip-enhanced Raman scattering by using the probe 12 in which the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is fixed to the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an actual example of the probe 12.
- FIG. 6 shows a plurality of photographs taken of the tip of the needle-like body 13 of the probe 12 produced under a plurality of conditions.
- An OMCL-AC160TS manufactured by Olympus was used as the probe holder 1 provided with the cantilever 11, and the probe 12 was fabricated by immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3.
- As the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 three types of solutions having silver nitrate concentrations of 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 1 mM were used.
- M is mol / L.
- the immersion time for immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 was two types of 10 s and 60 s.
- Fig. 6 shows six photos arranged in two rows and three columns.
- the two photographs in each of the left, middle and right columns are photographs of the tip of the needle-like body 13 of the probe 12 prepared with silver nitrate concentrations of 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 1 mM, respectively. is there.
- Three photographs in each of the upper row and the lower row are photographs of the tip of the needle-like body 13 of the probe 12 produced with immersion times of 10 s and 60 s, respectively.
- Each photograph shows an aggregate 14 of Ag nanostructures.
- the size of the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 increases.
- the size of the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is the tip-enhanced Raman in the probe 12 manufactured with a silver nitrate concentration of 0.1 mM and an immersion time of 10 s. It became the most suitable size for measuring scattering.
- the tip 12 for tip-enhanced Raman scattering can be manufactured with little effort by immersing the cantilever 11 having the metal coat 15 formed on the back surface in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- concentration of the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 in which the cantilever 11 is immersed or the immersion time By adjusting the concentration of the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 in which the cantilever 11 is immersed or the immersion time, the size and shape of the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 formed on the probe 12 can be freely controlled.
- An assembly 14 suitable for the wavelength of laser light for Raman spectroscopy can be formed. Therefore, it is possible to effectively enhance the Raman scattered light when measuring the tip enhanced Raman scattering. Further, it is possible to manufacture the probe 12 that can obtain a desired enhancement when measuring tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
- the solution containing Ag ions may be an aqueous solution other than the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the first metal constituting the metal coat 15 may be a metal other than aluminum, and the solution in which the cantilever 11 is immersed may be used.
- the ions of the second metal contained may be ions of a metal other than Ag.
- the first metal may be chromium, iron, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel or tin.
- the second metal may be Au (gold), platinum, iridium, palladium, copper, or bismuth.
- the metal coat 15 may be formed on a portion other than the back surface of the cantilever 11 as long as it is a position other than the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the Fermi level of the solution containing the second metal ions is preferably lower than the Fermi level of the semiconductor constituting the cantilever 11 including the needle-like body 13.
- the cantilever 11 may be made of a semiconductor other than n-type Si.
- the metal coat 15 is in Schottky contact with the cantilever 11. Even when the cantilever 11 is made of a p-type semiconductor or an intrinsic semiconductor, electrons move in the semiconductor, and a second metal structure is deposited on the tip of the needle-like body 13, thereby the probe 12. Is manufactured.
- the probe 12 is manufactured.
- a portion of the cantilever 11 covered with the metal coat 15 includes the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the ionization tendency of the first metal such as aluminum constituting the metal coat 15 is larger than the ionization tendency of the second metal such as Ag.
- the cantilever 11 is immersed in a solution containing ions of the second metal, electrons flow out from the metal coat 15 to the solution. In particular, electrons are more likely to jump out from the tip of the needle-like body 13, and electrons are more likely to jump out from the tip of the needle-like body 13 as the curvature of the tip of the needle-like body 13 is larger.
- a second metal structure is deposited at the tip of the needle-like body 13, and the probe 12 is manufactured.
- the probe 12 is manufactured.
- the ionization tendency of the first metal is larger than the ionization tendency of the second metal such as Ag.
- the cantilever 11 is immersed in a solution containing the second metal ions, electrons flow out of the cantilever 11 into the solution. In particular, electrons are more likely to jump out from the tip of the needle-like body 13, and electrons are more likely to jump out from the tip of the needle-like body 13 as the curvature of the tip of the needle-like body 13 is larger.
- a second metal structure is deposited at the tip of the needle-like body 13, and the probe 12 is manufactured.
- the metal coating 15 is not formed on the cantilever 11, and the probe 12 is provided at the end of the cantilever 11.
- the probe 12 includes a needle-like body 13 protruding from the cantilever 11 and an aggregate 14 of metal structures fixed to the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the cantilever 11 including the needle-like body 13 is made of n-type Si.
- the metal structure in the present embodiment is an Ag nanostructure.
- the probe 12 is manufactured by immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3.
- the Fermi level of the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 is lower than the Fermi level of n-type Si constituting the cantilever 11.
- the cantilever 11 with the needle-like body 13 protruding from the end is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 does not contain a reducing agent.
- the cantilever 11 is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 so that the needle-like body 13 is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3. Since n-type Si contains negative carriers, electrons easily move in the cantilever 11.
- Electrons flow through the cantilever 11, and electrons flow out from the tip of the needle-like body 13 into the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the Ag ions in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 are reduced by the electrons that have flowed out. For this reason, the Ag nanostructure is deposited and grows at the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the cantilever 11 After immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 for an appropriate time, the cantilever 11 is taken out from the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 and washed. Cleaning is not essential.
- An aggregate 14 of Ag nanostructures is formed at the tip of the needle-like body 13.
- the probe 12 in which the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is fixed to the tip of the needle-like body 13 is manufactured.
- a probe having an Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is used. It was confirmed that the needle 12 was manufactured. Even when the probe 12 manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment is used, the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus can measure tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the probe 12 when the metal coat 15 is formed on the cantilever 11 and when the metal coat 15 is not formed.
- FIG. 7 shows a probe 12 manufactured using a cantilever 11 on which a metal coat 15 is formed as in the second embodiment, and a probe 12 manufactured using a cantilever 11 on which no metal coat 15 is formed. A plurality of photographs taken of the tip of are shown.
- OMCL-AC160TS manufactured by Olympus is used as the probe holder 1 provided with the cantilever 11 on which the metal coat 15 is formed, and Olympus is used as the probe holder 1 provided with the cantilever 11 on which the metal coat 15 is not formed.
- the OMCL-AC160TN manufactured by the company was used.
- the probe 12 was produced by immersing the cantilever 11 in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3.
- the silver nitrate concentration of the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 was 0.1 mM.
- the immersion time for immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 was set to two types of 30 seconds and 30 minutes.
- Fig. 7 shows four photos arranged in two rows and two columns.
- the two photographs in the left column are photographs taken of the tip of the needle-like body 13 of the probe 12 produced using the cantilever 11 on which the metal coat 15 is formed.
- the two photographs in the right column are photographs taken of the tip of the needle-like body 13 of the probe 12 produced using the cantilever 11 on which the metal coat 15 is not formed.
- the probe 12 shown in the photograph in the right column is the probe 12 manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment.
- the two photographs in each of the upper and lower rows are photographs of the tip of the needle-like body 13 of the probe 12 produced with immersion times of 30 seconds and 30 minutes, respectively. Each photograph shows an aggregate 14 of Ag nanostructures.
- the probe 12 in which the metal coat 15 is not formed on the cantilever 11 has a size of the Ag nanostructure assembly 14 that is the same as that of the probe 12 in which the metal coat 15 is formed on the cantilever 11 even at the same immersion time. small.
- the aggregate 14 of Ag nanostructures grows by increasing the immersion time. Also in the present embodiment, it is apparent that the probe 12 including the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 having a sufficiently large size can be produced by making the immersion time sufficiently long.
- the tip 12 for tip-enhanced Raman scattering can be manufactured with little effort by immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3.
- concentration of the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 in which the cantilever 11 is immersed or the immersion time By adjusting the concentration of the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 in which the cantilever 11 is immersed or the immersion time, the size and shape of the Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 formed on the probe 12 can be freely controlled.
- An assembly 14 suitable for the wavelength of laser light for Raman spectroscopy can be formed. Therefore, it is possible to effectively enhance the Raman scattered light when measuring the tip enhanced Raman scattering. Further, it is possible to manufacture the probe 12 that can obtain a desired enhancement when measuring tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
- the solution containing Ag ions may be an aqueous solution other than the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3.
- the ions of the second metal contained in the solution in which the cantilever 11 is immersed may be ions of a metal other than Ag.
- the second metal may be Au (gold), platinum, iridium, palladium, copper, or bismuth.
- the Fermi level of the solution containing the ions of the second metal or the chemical potential of the electrons of the solution containing the ions of the second metal depends on the Fermi level of the semiconductor constituting the cantilever 11 including the acicular body 13. Is preferably lower.
- the cantilever 11 may be made of a semiconductor other than n-type Si.
- the cantilever 11 is composed of a p-type semiconductor or an intrinsic semiconductor, thermally excited electrons move in the semiconductor, and a second metal structure is deposited on the tip of the needle-like body 13, thereby detecting the probe.
- the needle 12 is manufactured.
- FIG. 8A the same cantilever 11 as in Embodiments 1 to 3 is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3. Ag precipitates at the tip of the needle-like body 13 to form seeds of the Ag nanostructure. After the cantilever 11 is immersed in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 for a certain period of time, as shown in FIG.
- the cantilever 11 is pulled up from the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3, and the needle-like body 13 is washed and dried. After drying, as shown in FIG. 8C, the cantilever 11 is immersed again in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3. The Ag nanostructure grows from the seed of the Ag nanostructure formed at the tip of the needle-like body 13. After immersing the cantilever 11 in the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3 for an appropriate time, the cantilever 11 is taken out from the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3. As shown in FIG. 8D, a probe 12 for tip-enhanced Raman scattering in which an Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 is fixed to the tip of a needle-like body 13 is manufactured. The configuration of the Raman scattered light measurement apparatus provided with the probe 12 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the cantilever 11 is immersed in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3, the needle-like body 13 is once dried, and the cantilever 11 is immersed again in the aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 to search for the tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
- the needle 12 is manufactured.
- an Ag nanostructure aggregate 14 having a sharper shape or a larger shape may be obtained.
- the aggregate 14 of Ag nanostructures can be further grown, and it is possible to manufacture the probe 12 that can obtain a desired enhancement when measuring tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
- the solution containing Ag ions may be an aqueous solution other than the silver nitrate aqueous solution 3.
- the ions of the second metal contained in the solution in which the cantilever 11 is immersed may be ions of a metal other than Ag.
- the second metal may be Au (gold), platinum, iridium, palladium, copper, or bismuth.
- the solution in which the cantilever 11 is first immersed may be different from the solution in which the cantilever 11 is immersed again.
- a kit for manufacturing the probe 12 can be used.
- the production kit includes a cantilever 11 and a solution such as an aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 containing a second metal ion.
- the cantilever 11 included in the manufacturing kit is provided on the probe holder 1, and the metal coat 15 may or may not be formed on the cantilever 11.
- the solution contained in the production kit may be used as a stock solution or may be used after being diluted.
- the user can manufacture the probe 12 by immersing the cantilever 11 included in the manufacturing kit in the solution included in the manufacturing kit for an appropriate time. Note that the cantilever 11 may not be included in the manufacturing kit.
- the user can manufacture the probe 12 using a general cantilever 11 such as a commercially available product and the solution contained in the manufacturing kit.
- a part of the aggregate 14 of the metal structure 14 is removed or reduced from the deteriorated probe 12 or an adhering matter attached to the aggregate 14 of the metal structure is removed. Regenerate the needle 12.
- the removal of a part of the aggregate 14 of metal structures and the removal of deposits are performed by irradiating the tip of the needle-like body 13 with short wavelength light such as ultraviolet rays. By irradiation with short-wavelength light, a part of the metal structure aggregate 14 and the deposits attached to the metal structure aggregate 14 are removed from the needle-like body 13.
- removal of a part of the aggregate 14 of metal structures and removal of deposits are performed using a stripping solution.
- the probe 12 By immersing the probe 12 in a stripping solution such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, and thionitric acid, the probe 12 is attached to a part of the metal structure aggregate 14 and the metal structure aggregate 14. The kimono is removed. By removing a deteriorated part of the aggregate 14 of metal structures, the deteriorated probe is regenerated. Similarly, the deteriorated probe is regenerated by removing the deposits attached to the aggregate 14 of metal structures. In this way, the regenerated probe 12 is manufactured. It should be noted that the regenerated probe 12 is regenerated by the manufacturing method according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments using the cantilever 11 after removing part or all of the aggregate 14 of metal structures from the needle-like body 13. It may be manufactured.
- a stripping solution such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, and thionitric acid
- the metal structure aggregate 14 is reduced by heating or a method using a reducing agent.
- a reducing agent such as NaBH 4 as a solute
- a part of the aggregate 14 of metal structures is reduced.
- the deteriorated probe 12 is regenerated by reducing the oxidized part of the aggregate 14 of metal structures. In this way, the regenerated probe 12 is manufactured.
- the probe 12 can be regenerated so that a desired enhancement is obtained when measuring the tip-enhanced Raman scattering. Further, according to this embodiment, the cantilever 11 can be recycled.
- a manufacturing kit of the probe 12 can be used.
- the production kit includes a cantilever 11, a solution such as an aqueous silver nitrate solution 3 containing ions of the second metal, and a regenerating solution for regenerating the probe 12.
- the metal coat 15 may be formed on the cantilever 11 or may not be formed.
- the regenerating solution is a stripping solution such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, thionitric acid, or a solution containing a reducing agent such as NaBH4H as a solute.
- the solution and the regeneration solution included in the production kit may be used as a stock solution or may be used after being diluted.
- the user can manufacture the probe 12 by immersing the cantilever 11 included in the manufacturing kit in the solution included in the manufacturing kit for an appropriate time. Further, the user can manufacture the regenerated probe 12 by immersing the used probe 12 in the regenerating liquid for an appropriate time.
- the manufacturing kit may not include the cantilever 11.
- the solution containing the second metal ions is an aqueous solution.
- the solution containing the second metal ions to which the cantilever 11 should be immersed is an organic solution.
- a solution using a solvent other than water, such as a solvent, may be used.
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Abstract
Description
(実施形態1)
図1は、先端増強ラマン散乱用の探針を示す模式図である。探針保持体1は、Si(シリコン)で平板状に形成されている。探針保持体1の一端にカンチレバー11が設けられている。図中には、カンチレバー11を拡大して示している。カンチレバー11の端部に、探針12が設けられている。更に、図中には、探針12の先端部分を拡大して示している。探針12は、カンチレバー11から突出した針状体13と、針状体13の先端に固着した金属構造体の集合体14とを含んでいる。カンチレバー11は表裏の関係にある二面を有しており、針状体13はカンチレバー11の一方の面から突出している。以下、カンチレバー11の他方の面、即ち探針12が設けられている面とは逆の面を背面と言う。また、カンチレバー11は針状体13を含んだものとする。針状体13は、角錐状であり、Siでカンチレバー11と一体に構成されている。例えば、針状体13を含んだカンチレバー11は、一つのSiの単結晶から形成されている。金属構造体の集合体14は、複数の金属構造体が集合してなる。本実施形態では、金属構造体がナノサイズのAg(銀)でなるAgナノ構造体である例を示す。夫々のAgナノ構造体の大きさは数nm以上1μm未満であり、Agナノ構造体の集合体14の大きさは数μm以下である。
実施形態2においては、探針12の構造は実施形態1と同様である。実施形態1と同様に、探針保持体1の一端にカンチレバー11が設けられ、カンチレバー11の端部に探針12が設けられている。カンチレバー11の背面には、金属コート15が形成されている。探針12は、カンチレバー11から突出した針状体13と、針状体13の先端に固着した金属構造体の集合体14とを含んでいる。本実施形態での金属構造体は、Agナノ構造体である。金属コート15を構成する第1の金属は、例えばアルミニウムである。金属コート15は、カンチレバー11にオーミック接触していることが望ましい。
Al+3AgNO3+3H2O→Al(OH)3+3Ag+3HNO3
実施形態3においては、カンチレバー11には金属コート15が形成されておらず、カンチレバー11の端部に探針12が設けられている。探針12は、カンチレバー11から突出した針状体13と、針状体13の先端に固着した金属構造体の集合体14とを含んでいる。針状体13を含んだカンチレバー11は、n型のSiで構成されている。本実施形態での金属構造体は、Agナノ構造体である。
図8A、図8B、図8C及び図8Dは、実施形態4に係る探針12の製造方法を示す模式図である。実施形態4に係る製造方法で製造される探針12の構成は、実施形態1、2又は3と同様である。図8Aに示すように、実施形態1~3と同様のカンチレバー11を硝酸銀水溶液3に浸漬させる。針状体13の先端にAgが析出し、Agナノ構造体の種が形成される。ある程度の時間、カンチレバー11を硝酸銀水溶液3に浸漬させた後、図8Bに示すように、カンチレバー11を硝酸銀水溶液3から引き上げ、針状体13を洗浄し、乾燥させる。乾燥の後、図8Cに示すように、再度、カンチレバー11を硝酸銀水溶液3に浸漬させる。針状体13の先端に形成されていたAgナノ構造体の種からAgナノ構造体が成長する。適宜の時間、カンチレバー11を硝酸銀水溶液3に浸漬させた後、カンチレバー11を硝酸銀水溶液3から取り出す。図8Dに示すように、針状体13の先端にAgナノ構造体の集合体14が固着してなる先端増強ラマン散乱用の探針12が製造される。探針12を備えたラマン散乱光測定装置の構成は、実施形態1と同様である。
実施形態1~4に係る製造方法で製造した探針12を先端増強ラマン散乱の測定のために使用し続けた場合、針状体13の先端に固着した金属構造体の集合体14の変形、酸化又は硫化等によって探針12は劣化する。また、金属構造体の集合体14に他の物質が付着することによっても、探針12は劣化する。例えば、探針12が大気に触れることによって、大気中の物質が金属構造体の集合体14に吸着される。また、探針12を使用せずとも、保存期間中に同様に探針12は劣化する。探針12が劣化した場合は、先端増強ラマン散乱を測定する際に、ラマン散乱光の増強が不十分となる。実施形態5においては、劣化した探針12から、再生した探針12を製造する。
11 カンチレバー
12 探針
13 針状体
14 Agナノ構造体(金属構造体)の集合体
15 金属コート
2 試料
3 硝酸銀水溶液
4 レンズ
5 試料台
61 照射部
64 検出部
71 電極
72 電源
Claims (11)
- カンチレバーから突出した探針を製造する方法であって、
半導体で構成され、該半導体よりもフェルミ準位が高い第1の金属で一部がコーティングされており、他の一部から針状体が突出しているカンチレバーを、第2の金属のイオンを含有する溶液に浸漬させることにより、前記針状体の先端に前記第2の金属の構造体が析出した探針を製造すること
を特徴とする探針の製造方法。 - カンチレバーから突出した探針を製造する方法であって、
半導体で構成され一部から針状体が突出しているカンチレバーを、第2の金属のイオンを含有しており、前記半導体よりもフェルミ準位が低い溶液に浸漬させることにより、電子が前記針状体から前記溶液中の前記第2の金属のイオンへ供給されて、前記針状体の先端に前記第2の金属の構造体が析出した探針を製造すること
を特徴とする探針の製造方法。 - 前記カンチレバーの一部が第1の金属でなる金属コートでコーティングされていること
を特徴とする請求項2に記載の探針の製造方法。 - 前記第1の金属は、前記第2の金属よりもイオン化傾向が大きい金属であること
を特徴とする請求項3に記載の探針の製造方法。 - 前記金属コートは、前記カンチレバーとオーミック接触していること
を特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の探針の製造方法。 - 前記第1の金属は、アルミニウム、クロム、鉄、チタン、ジルコニウム、マグネシウム、マンガン、亜鉛、ニッケル又はスズであること
を特徴とする請求項1、3乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の探針の製造方法。 - 前記カンチレバーを前記溶液に浸漬させた後で、浸漬を中断して前記針状体を乾燥させ、再度、前記カンチレバーを前記溶液に浸漬させること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか一つに記載の探針の製造方法。 - 前記溶液は、銀、金、白金、イリジウム、パラジウム、銅又はビスマスのイオンを含有する溶液であること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一つに記載の探針の製造方法。 - 劣化後の探針に含まれる前記構造体の一部の除去若しくは還元又は前記構造体への付着物の除去を行うこと
を特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一つに記載の探針の製造方法。 - カンチレバーから突出した探針において、
半導体で構成され該半導体よりもフェルミ準位が高い第1の金属で一部がコーティングされたカンチレバーの他の一部から突出した針状体と、
前記カンチレバーを、第2の金属のイオンを含有する溶液に浸漬させることにより、前記針状体の先端に析出させた前記第2の金属の構造体と
を有することを特徴とする探針。 - カンチレバーから突出した探針において、
半導体で構成されたカンチレバーの一部から突出した針状体と、
前記カンチレバーを、第2の金属のイオンを含有する溶液に浸漬させることにより、前記針状体の先端に析出させた前記第2の金属の構造体と
を有することを特徴とする探針。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201780038786.8A CN109416326B (zh) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | 探针的制造方法和探针 |
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JP2018525309A JP6989851B2 (ja) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | 探針の製造方法及び探針 |
EP17820345.1A EP3480583B1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | Probe manufacturing method |
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KR20200036302A (ko) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 원자간력현미경 팁 및 이의 제조 방법 |
CN111693737A (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-22 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | 一种用于样品表面形貌测量的纳米纤维探针针尖制作方法 |
JP2021517251A (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-07-15 | ブルカー ナノ インコーポレイテッドBruker Nano,Inc. | 大きな半径のプローブ |
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CN110488045B (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-09-03 | 重庆医药高等专科学校 | 防脱落型探针装载设备 |
EP3816637A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-05 | ETH Zurich | Method for manufacturing a probe |
CN110954714B (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-10-19 | 江苏集萃微纳自动化系统与装备技术研究所有限公司 | 一种原子力显微镜的探针的刚度实时调节方法 |
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CN109416326B (zh) | 2021-12-14 |
US10900905B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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EP3480583B1 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
KR102581662B1 (ko) | 2023-09-22 |
JPWO2018003991A1 (ja) | 2019-06-13 |
US20190170651A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
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