WO2018000973A1 - 冶金电炉及熔炼方法 - Google Patents

冶金电炉及熔炼方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018000973A1
WO2018000973A1 PCT/CN2017/084396 CN2017084396W WO2018000973A1 WO 2018000973 A1 WO2018000973 A1 WO 2018000973A1 CN 2017084396 W CN2017084396 W CN 2017084396W WO 2018000973 A1 WO2018000973 A1 WO 2018000973A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slag
furnace
coal
oxygen
lance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/084396
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵桐
牟文恒
刘吉斌
王存虎
陈雷
温翰
Original Assignee
北京中凯宏德科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 北京中凯宏德科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京中凯宏德科技有限公司
Priority to CA3029586A priority Critical patent/CA3029586A1/en
Priority to AU2017288268A priority patent/AU2017288268A1/en
Priority to KR1020197003401A priority patent/KR20190027849A/ko
Priority to JP2018568317A priority patent/JP2019525112A/ja
Priority to RU2019102258A priority patent/RU2019102258A/ru
Priority to US16/314,508 priority patent/US20190161816A1/en
Priority to EP17818970.0A priority patent/EP3480325A4/en
Publication of WO2018000973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018000973A1/zh
Priority to ZA2019/00361A priority patent/ZA201900361B/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/08—Apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
    • C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
    • F27D3/0026—Introducing additives into the melt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H05B7/22—Indirect heating by arc discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C2005/5223—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace with post-combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21C2300/02—Foam creation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/163—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being an oxidant
    • F27D2003/164—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/165—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being a fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/166—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being a treatment gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of metallurgy, and more particularly to a metallurgical electric furnace and a smelting method for the metallurgical electric furnace.
  • the technology of failing to chemically inject oxygen by oxygen injection has been used to reduce the consumption of electric energy and improve the efficiency of smelting.
  • the present invention aims to promote such oxygen blowing coal injection technology into such electric furnaces.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a smelting method for the above metallurgical electric furnace.
  • an embodiment of an aspect of the invention provides a metallurgical electric furnace comprising: a furnace body having a furnace chamber; and an oxygen lance located on a side wall of the furnace chamber for smelting Oxygen is blown into the slag generated in the process, and the outlet of the lance is higher than the slag; and a coal gun is located on the side wall of the furnace chamber for injecting coal into the slag, and The outlet of the coal gun is higher than the slag.
  • the outlet of the oxygen lance and the outlet of the coal gun are higher than the upper surface of the slag, and the O 2 is blown from the top to the bottom by the oxygen lance.
  • the low-cost reduced substance in the slag is oxidized to a high-valent oxidation state substance, and a large amount of chemical energy is released during the oxidation process, and the temperature of the slag is increased, and the released chemical energy can effectively melt the feed, and at the same time,
  • the pulverized coal is also sprayed into the slag from top to bottom through the coal gun, and the carbon in the pulverized coal reduces the high-priced oxidation state to a low-cost reduced state, and when the high-priced oxidation state is reduced by carbon, CO is released.
  • the need for the endothermic reduction reaction, thus reducing energy state substance to be released is also supplied by the oxidation-reduction reaction; in the slag, due to the presence of O 2, and O 2 may also be CO, C combustion reaction, the combustion reaction
  • the heat of combustion can raise the temperature of the slag, provide heat for the melting of the feed, and also provide energy for the reduction reaction, so that the chemical energy released in the oxidation reaction and the energy released in the combustion reaction can be used for the feed.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal gun are all disposed above the slag, and the O 2 and the pulverized coal are blown into the slag from the top to the bottom, away from the lining, thereby reducing the damage to the lining and avoiding the service life of the lining.
  • the pulverized coal is also Up and down and inclined to the side of the furnace cavity away from the installation position of the coal gun, that is, the direction of the pulverized coal is sprayed toward the opposite side of the installation position of the coal gun on the side wall of the furnace cavity, causing the slag to the side wall of the furnace cavity.
  • the chemical reactions occurring in the slag during the oxygen injection process are:
  • reaction (1) After blowing in O 2 , reaction (1) occurs, O 2 oxidizes Me 2 O 3 to MeO 2 , the oxidation reaction is an exothermic reaction, and a large amount of chemical energy is released in the reaction for melting of the feed; After the powder, the reaction (2) occurs, the carbon reduces MeO 2 to Me 2 O 3 , and simultaneously releases CO, and the reaction (2) is an endothermic reaction, and the chemical energy released in the reaction (1) is used for the melting of the feed.
  • O 2 in the slag may also undergo combustion reactions with CO and C (3) and (4), part of the heat of combustion is released into the slag for feed melting and supply Reaction (2), because reaction (1), reaction (3) and reaction (4) are both exothermic reactions, and the chemical energy released in the reaction is added to the electric energy, which increases the total melting power and reduces the consumption of electric energy. .
  • a large amount of CO is released in the reaction (2) to form bubbles, and the slag is swelled into foam slag, and the formation of the foam slag is favorable for the blowing of O 2 .
  • the electric furnace of the invention is fixed, the continuous feeding does not stop, the molten iron reaches a certain liquid level, and the metal liquid outlet is opened to release the molten metal, and then the material is added as usual, and oxygen and coal are sprayed as usual.
  • the metal liquid outlet is blocked by a blocking machine.
  • the slag opening is opened, and the slag is opened as usual, and oxygen and coal are sprayed as usual.
  • the metallurgical electric furnace provided by the above embodiments of the present invention further has the following additional technical features:
  • the metallurgical electric furnace comprises a plurality of the oxygen lances uniformly distributed along sidewalls of the furnace chamber; and a plurality of the coal guns are evenly distributed along sidewalls of the furnace chamber; Wherein the lance is located below the coal gun, or the lance is at the same level as the side of the furnace chamber.
  • the lance is located below the coal gun.
  • the number of lances is equal to the number of lances, and the lance is located directly above the lance, both of which are arranged one above the other.
  • the lance and the coal gun are located at the same level of the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 and are arranged to the left and right.
  • the plurality of lances are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the sidewall of the furnace chamber and are located at the same height of the sidewall of the furnace chamber; the plurality of coal guns are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the sidewall of the furnace chamber and are located at the sidewall of the furnace chamber On the same height.
  • one coal gun and one oxygen gun can be placed in the same cooling jacket, and the distance between the oxygen gun and the coal gun at the injection point of the molten pool is not less than 300 mm.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal gun are located above the molten pool, and the O 2 and the pulverized coal are blown into the furnace chamber from top to bottom.
  • the flow rate of the O 2 is supersonic through the foamed slag, and the coal can also be injected into the molten pool.
  • Evenly distributing a plurality of oxygen lances on the sidewall of the furnace chamber can improve the uniformity of the O 2 blowing into the slag, thereby improving the uniform distribution of the chemical energy released during the oxidation of the reduced state material in the slag.
  • uniformly distribute a plurality of coal guns on the side wall of the furnace chamber to increase the conversion rate of the high-priced oxidation state to the low-cost reduced material.
  • the lance and the coal gun are mounted on the side wall of the furnace chamber, pass through the refractory material, and enter the furnace chamber.
  • the metallurgical electric furnace further includes a nozzle, and the nozzle is located on a sidewall of the furnace cavity for injecting a hydrocarbon into the furnace clearance, the outlet of the nozzle is high In the slag.
  • part of the electrical energy and chemical energy are used for the reaction (2), the CO produced by the reaction (2) enters the furnace headspace, and the CO carries a large amount of energy, and a part of the combustion heat released by the reactions (3) and (4) is used.
  • a part of the gas (CO, CO 2 , O 2 ) is heated and enters the furnace headspace to be used as a heat source for the gasification of the hydrocarbon cracking to generate gas, so that the present invention improves the total melting.
  • gas is generated, which avoids the waste of energy contained in the flue gas.
  • Furnace clearance is also known as free clearance, which refers to the space above the molten pool and under the furnace cover.
  • the reactions (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) may not reach the chemical equilibrium, and the final temperature and gas composition depend on the dynamic balance of the system.
  • a plurality of evenly distributed nozzles are provided on the side walls of the furnace chamber.
  • the hydrocarbon is tangential to the side wall of the furnace chamber in a blowing direction of the furnace in the clear air.
  • the hydrocarbon is sprayed from top to bottom.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides a smelting method for the metallurgical electric furnace according to any of the above embodiments, wherein the slag comprises a reduced state substance capable of being oxidized by O 2 , the smelting method comprising: Oxygen is blown into the slag by an oxygen lance to oxidize the reduced state substance to an oxidized state; coal is injected into the slag by a coal gun to reduce the oxidized state of the oxidized substance.
  • O 2 is blown into the slag from top to bottom, and the low-valent reduced substance in the slag is oxidized into a high-valent oxidation state substance, and a large amount of chemical energy is released during the oxidation process, which is effective.
  • the feed is melted, and at the same time, the pulverized coal is also sprayed into the slag from top to bottom, and the high-priced oxidation state is reduced to a low-cost reduced state, and at the same time, CO is released, and the reduction reaction is an endothermic reaction, thereby reducing is oxidized state of matter is also supplied to the energy released by the reduction reaction; in the slag, due to the presence of O 2, and O 2 may also be CO, C combustion reaction, the combustion heat of the combustion reaction enables the slag temperature, Providing heat for the melting of the feed, and also supplying the energy required for the reduction reaction, so that the chemical energy released in the oxidation reaction and the energy released in the combustion reaction can be used for the melting of the feed, so that in addition to the electrical energy during the melting process, Chemical energy can also provide a large amount of energy for the smelting process, increase the total power of smelting, increase productivity and efficiency, especially for smelting high melting point slag, and reduce the
  • the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag does not exceed one-half of the thickness of the slag.
  • the depth of blowing the slag into the slag is in the range of one third of the thickness of the slag to one-half of the thickness of the slag.
  • the ratio of the depth of O 2 blowing into the slag to the total thickness of the slag is different. If the slag system needs to be controlled at a very low oxygen potential, the need for reduction The recovered metal oxide, oxygen is blown into the depth of one third of the slag to a depth of one-half of the slag, and the coal powder can be sprayed deeper to ensure a low oxygen potential.
  • the coal is anthracite or lignite.
  • anthracite or coke In the electric arc furnace steelmaking, only anthracite or coke can be used, and lignite cannot be used. However, anthracite or lignite can be used in the present application. Of course, coke can also be used in the present application.
  • the method further comprises: blowing a hydrocarbon into the furnace head through a nozzle.
  • the hydrocarbon is blown into the furnace from the top to the bottom, the energy carried by the CO released by the oxidation reaction, the chemical energy generated by the combustion reaction of CO and O 2 , and the combustion reaction of C and O 2 .
  • the generated chemical energy can be used as a heat source for the gasification of hydrocarbon cracking, thereby generating gas in the furnace air.
  • the hydrocarbon includes natural gas or light oil.
  • methane gas and solid lignite can be converted into gas in the clean space of the furnace, and the temperature of the gas (CO, CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O) generated in the molten pool is extremely high (temperature is greater than 1700 ° C).
  • the above-mentioned hydrocarbons are sprayed into the furnace air, and an endothermic chemical reaction with CO 2 and H 2 O is carried out to crack into gas.
  • the method further includes: spraying the liquid water and/or the gaseous water into the furnace head through the nozzle.
  • a small amount of water may be sprayed while blowing the hydrocarbon.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metallurgical electric furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein an arrow at A indicates a blowing direction of oxygen into the slag, and an arrow at B indicates a direction of injection of pulverized coal into the slag;
  • Figure 2 is a top plan view of the metallurgical electric furnace shown in Figure 1, wherein the arrow C indicates the direction in which oxygen and coal powder are injected into the slag;
  • FIG 3 is a top plan view showing a part of a metallurgical electric furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein an arrow at D indicates a direction in which hydrocarbons are blown into the furnace headroom.
  • a metallurgical electric furnace includes a furnace body, an oxygen lance and a coal gun.
  • the furnace body has a furnace chamber 1; the oxygen lance is located on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 for blowing oxygen into the slag 3 generated during the smelting process, and the outlet of the lance is higher than the slag 3; the coal gun is located The side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 is used to inject coal into the slag 3, and the outlet of the coal gun is higher than the slag 3.
  • the metallurgical electric furnace provided by the above embodiments of the present invention especially the continuously operating metallurgical electric furnace, especially the metallurgical electric furnace of the open arc operation, the outlet of the oxygen lance and the outlet of the coal gun are higher than the upper surface of the slag 3, and O 2 is
  • the oxygen lance is blown into the slag 3 from top to bottom (in the direction of the arrow A in FIG. 1 and the direction of the arrow C in FIG. 2), and the low-valent reduced substance in the slag 3 is oxidized to a high-valent oxidation state, and oxidized.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal gun are disposed above the slag 3, and the O 2 and the pulverized coal are blown into the slag 3 from the top to the bottom, away from the lining, thereby reducing the damage to the lining and avoiding the service life of the lining.
  • the arrow A in Fig. 1 since O 2 is inclined from the top to the bottom and toward the side of the furnace chamber 1 away from the mounting position of the lance, that is, the direction of the injection of O 2 is toward the side wall 11 of the cavity 1 Opposite to the installation position of the lance, as indicated by the arrow B in Fig.
  • the pulverized coal is also inclined from the top to the bottom and toward the installation position of the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 away from the coal gun, that is, the pulverized coal is blown.
  • the direction is opposite to the installation position of the coal gun on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1, causing the slag to flow to the opposite side of the installation position of the lance and the coal gun on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1, but far away from the opposite lining, resulting in The low impact can protect the integrity of the lining.
  • reaction (1) After blowing in O 2 , reaction (1) occurs, O 2 oxidizes Me 2 O 3 to MeO 2 , the oxidation reaction is an exothermic reaction, and a large amount of chemical energy is released in the reaction for melting of the feed; After the powder, the reaction (2) occurs, the carbon reduces MeO 2 to Me 2 O 3 , and simultaneously releases CO, and the reaction (2) is an endothermic reaction, and the chemical energy released in the reaction (1) is used for the melting of the feed.
  • O 2 in slag 3 may also undergo combustion reactions with CO and C (3) and (4), and part of the heat of combustion is released into slag 3 for feed melting And supply reaction (2), because reaction (1), reaction (3) and reaction (4) are exothermic reactions, the chemical energy released in the reaction increases the total melting power and reduces the consumption of electric energy.
  • a large amount of CO is released in the reaction (2) to form bubbles, and the slag 3 is bulged to become foamed slag, and the formation of the foamed slag is favorable for the blowing of O 2 .
  • the distribution of the electrodes 2 in the furnace chamber is as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and preferably, the three electrodes are distributed in a shape of a letter.
  • the electric furnace of the invention is fixed, the continuous feeding does not stop, the molten iron reaches a certain liquid level, and the metal liquid outlet is opened to release the molten metal 4, and then the material is added as usual, and oxygen and coal are sprayed as usual.
  • the metal liquid 4 flows out of a certain flow rate, the metal liquid outlet is blocked by a blocking machine.
  • the slag opening is opened, and the slag is opened as usual, and oxygen and coal are sprayed as usual.
  • the continuously operating metallurgical electric furnace comprises a plurality of oxygen lances and a plurality of coal guns, a plurality of lances uniformly distributed along the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1; and a plurality of coal guns, It is evenly distributed along the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1.
  • the lance is located below the coal gun.
  • the number of lances is equal to the number of lances, and the lance is located directly above the lance, both of which are arranged one above the other.
  • the lance and the coal gun are located at the same level of the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 and are arranged to the left and right.
  • a plurality of lances are uniformly distributed circumferentially along the same height of the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1, and a plurality of lances are also uniformly distributed circumferentially along the same height of the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1.
  • one coal gun and one oxygen gun can be placed in the same cooling jacket, and the distance between the oxygen gun and the coal gun at the injection point of the molten pool is not less than 300 mm.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal gun are located above the molten pool, and the O 2 and the pulverized coal are blown into the furnace chamber from top to bottom.
  • the flow rate of the O 2 is supersonic through the foamed slag, and the coal can also be injected into the molten pool. .
  • Evenly distributing a plurality of oxygen lances on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 can improve the uniformity of the O 2 blowing into the slag 3, thereby improving the chemical energy released during the oxidation of the reduced state material in the slag 3.
  • the uniformity of the distribution improves the uniformity of the feed melting in the furnace chamber 1; uniformly distributes a plurality of coal guns on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1, improves the uniformity of the pulverized coal injected into the slag 3, and increases the high price.
  • the lance and the coal gun are mounted on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 and pass through the refractory material into the furnace chamber 1.
  • the continuously operating metallurgical electric furnace further comprises a nozzle which is located on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 for injecting hydrocarbon into the furnace head clearance, and the outlet of the nozzle is higher than the melting point. Slag 3.
  • part of the electrical energy and chemical energy are used for the reaction (2), the CO produced by the reaction (2) enters the furnace headspace, and the CO carries a large amount of energy, and a part of the combustion heat released by the reactions (3) and (4) is used.
  • a part of the gas (CO, CO 2 , O 2 ) is heated and enters the furnace headspace to be used as a heat source for the gasification of the hydrocarbon cracking to generate gas, so that the present invention improves the total melting.
  • gas is generated, which avoids the waste of energy contained in the flue gas.
  • Furnace clearance is also known as freeboard, which refers to the space above the molten pool and under the furnace cover.
  • the direction of blowing of hydrocarbons into the furnace headspace is tangential to the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1.
  • the hydrocarbon is sprayed from top to bottom (in the direction of arrow D in Figure 3).
  • the purpose of the tangential direction of the blowing direction with the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 is to generate a circulation of gas, increasing the time during which the gas stays in the furnace chamber 1 to generate more reaction.
  • the nozzle may be perpendicular to the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1, that is, the direction in which the hydrocarbon is blown into the furnace headspace is perpendicular to the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1.
  • a plurality of evenly distributed nozzles are provided on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides a smelting method for the metallurgical electric furnace according to any one of the above embodiments, wherein the slag 3 comprises a reduced state substance capable of being oxidized by O 2 , the smelting method comprising: Oxygen is blown into the slag 3 through an oxygen lance to oxidize the reduced state substance to an oxidized state; coal is injected into the slag 3 by a coal gun to reduce the oxidized oxidized state substance.
  • O 2 is blown into the slag 3 from top to bottom (in the direction of the arrow A in FIG. 1 and the direction of the arrow C in FIG. 2), and the low-cost reduction of the slag 3 is performed.
  • the oxidation of the substance into a high-valent oxidation state can effectively melt the feed, and at the same time, the coal powder is also from top to bottom (in the direction of arrow B in Figure 1, the arrow in Figure 2
  • the direction of C is sprayed into the slag 3, and the high-valent oxidation state is reduced to a low-cost reduced state, and at the same time, CO is released, and the reduction reaction is an endothermic reaction, so that the energy released by the oxidation of the reduced substance is also supplied to the reduction.
  • the depth of oxygen blowing into the slag 3 does not exceed one-half of the thickness of the slag 3.
  • the upper part of the slag 3 there is a high oxidation zone, that is, a high reaction zone, and the lower part is not affected by the injection, and is still a high reduction zone, and the recovery of the metal is not affected.
  • the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag 3 is three points of the thickness of the slag 3 One is in the range of one-half of the thickness of the slag 3.
  • the ratio of the depth of O 2 blown into the slag 3 to the total thickness of the slag 3 is different, if the slag 3 system needs to be controlled at a very low oxygen potential
  • oxygen is blown into the depth of one third of the depth of the slag 3 to a depth of one-half of the depth of the slag 3, and the pulverized coal can be sprayed into a deeper position to ensure a low oxygen potential.
  • the coal is anthracite or lignite.
  • anthracite or coke In the electric arc furnace steelmaking, only anthracite or coke can be used, and lignite cannot be used. However, anthracite or lignite can be used in the present application. Of course, coke can also be used in the present application. Because in the steelmaking furnace, the purpose is to generate enough gas (CO) to cause foaming slag, but to avoid generating too much gas, which leads to the consumption of excessive oxygen, and the excessive gas generated at the same time cannot be recovered, resulting in waste. Avoid lignite in steel furnaces. However, in the present invention, the gas production is increased and the gas is completely recycled, so lignite is an excellent choice, so that the production cost can be reduced.
  • CO gas
  • the hydrocarbon is injected into the furnace head through the nozzle.
  • the hydrocarbon is blown into the furnace from the top to the bottom (in the direction of the arrow D in Fig. 3), and the energy carried by the CO emitted by the oxidation reaction, the chemical energy generated by the combustion reaction of CO and O 2
  • the chemical energy generated by the combustion reaction between C and O 2 can be used as a heat source for the gasification of hydrocarbon cracking, thereby generating gas in the furnace air.
  • the hydrocarbon comprises natural gas or light oil.
  • methane gas and solid lignite can be converted into gas in the clean space of the furnace, and the temperature of the gas (CO+CO 2 +H 2 +H 2 O) generated in the molten pool is extremely high (temperature is greater than 1700 ° C).
  • the above-mentioned hydrocarbons are sprayed into the furnace air, and an endothermic chemical reaction with CO 2 and H 2 O is carried out to crack into gas.
  • the method further comprises spraying the liquid water and/or the gaseous water into the furnace head through the nozzle.
  • a small amount of water may be sprayed while blowing the hydrocarbon.
  • water may be sprayed while blowing hydrocarbons, or may be sprayed successively.
  • hydrocarbons may be injected first, or first. Spray water.
  • the oxygen blowing coal is carried out in a pilot electric furnace, and the operating parameters are different depending on the conditions of the raw materials.
  • the table below lists some of the operating parameters of the two different smelting methods and the amount of iron, gas and gas components obtained.
  • Example - Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 raw material - Direct cold feed Pre-reduction hot feed Metallization rate % 0 85 Inlet temperature °C 25 650 Iron output Tph 1.2 2.9 Slag amount Tph 0.8 1.9 Electric power MW 2.4 1.9 Chemical power MW 4.1 4.6 Total power MW 6.5 6.5 Oxygen injection volume Nm 3 /h 1435 1607 Natural gas injection volume Nm 3 /h 323 354 Lignite injection volume Tph 2.0 2.2 Anthracite Tph 0.59 0.35 Nitrogen consumption Nm 3 /h 198 222 Electric furnace flue gas flow Nm 3 /h 6302 6394 CO Vol% 59 57 H 2 Vol% 29 30 N 2 Vol% 7 7 CO 2 Vol% 3 4
  • the first embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that, in the first embodiment, the cold material is directly added to the metallurgical electric furnace, and in the second embodiment, the vanadium titano-magnetite is pre-reduced to a high metallization rate, and then hot-charged into the metallurgical electric furnace.
  • the electric power accounts for 37% of the total power in the first embodiment, and the electric power accounts for 30% of the total power in the second embodiment. It can be seen that after the oxygen blowing coal injection technology, the consumption of electric energy is reduced in the smelting.
  • the total power is the same, and the amount and composition of the gas produced by the two are also substantially the same, but the amount of iron produced in the second embodiment is 2.4 times that of the first embodiment.
  • the direct addition of cold material is not pre-reduced, the equipment is simple, and the investment is small, but the total energy consumption per ton of finished product is large, and the use of anthracite as a reducing agent is large.
  • the pre-reduction hot material needs to be invested in the pre-reduction equipment, but the cheap lignite can be used as a fuel and a reducing agent to reduce the use of anthracite and the smelting energy consumption is small.
  • the choice of direct addition of cold material or addition of pre-reduced hot material may depend on the energy price.
  • this scheme is mainly for the smelting of vanadium, titanium and iron ore.
  • the oxidation state in the reactions (1) and (2) is TiO 2
  • the reduced state is Ti 2 O 3 , but it can also It is applied to the smelting of copper sulfide and nickel sulfide ore in the FeO/Fe 3 O 4 system.
  • the continuous operation of the metallurgical electric furnace adopts the technology of oxygen blowing coal injection, and O 2 oxidizes the low-cost reduced substance in the slag 3 into a high-valent oxidation state substance, which is released during the oxidation process.
  • the chemical energy can effectively melt the feed, and at the same time, the coal powder is also sprayed into the slag 3 from top to bottom, and the high-priced oxidation state is reduced to a low-cost reduced state; in the slag 3, O 2 and The combustion reaction occurs in CO and C, which further provides heat for the melting of the feed, so that in addition to electrical energy during the smelting process, the chemical energy can also provide a large amount of energy for the smelting process, increase the total power of the smelting, increase the productivity and efficiency, especially
  • the smelting of the high melting point slag 3 is particularly effective and reduces the consumption of electrical energy.
  • connection means two or more unless specifically stated or defined otherwise; unless otherwise specified or stated, the terms “connected”, “fixed”, etc. It is understood that, for example, the “connection” may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • the description of the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “specific embodiments” and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments or examples are included in the present invention. At least one embodiment or example.
  • the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

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Abstract

一种冶金电炉及用于该冶金电炉的熔炼方法，该冶金电炉包括炉体、氧枪和煤枪，炉体具有炉腔；氧枪位于炉腔的侧壁上，用于向熔炼过程中产生的熔渣内吹氧，且氧枪的出口高于熔渣；煤枪位于炉腔的侧壁上，用于向熔渣内喷煤，且煤枪的出口高于熔渣。

Description

冶金电炉及熔炼方法
本申请要求于2016年7月1日提交中国专利局、申请号为2016105155421、发明名称为“冶金电炉及熔炼方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金领域，更具体而言，涉及一种冶金电炉及用于该冶金电炉的熔炼方法。
背景技术
氧在冶金工业中有广泛的应用而且非常成功，其中氧成功的用在炼钢转炉中，又成功的应用在电弧炉中废钢的熔炼，并与喷煤配合产生泡沫渣，提高效率，这些都是非常成熟而广泛应用的工艺技术。自1970年代以后又成功的应用在有色金属冶炼工艺(nonferrous metallurgy)上。其中著名的有两类：一是Ausmelt为Outotec发展成熟地用在铅、锌、镍、铜、锡等矿物的冶炼，二是澳大利亚的MIM和CSIRO合作发展的ISASMELT也成功地应用在有色金属的冶炼。近十多年来力拓(RIO TINTO)也成功发展了应用在炼铁工艺上的HISMELT技术，也已经商业化，但目前尚未广泛应用。最近有俄罗斯公司TechnologiyaMetallov在其网站上发表其Project Magma。说明其吹氧喷煤的技术，不但可以应用在有色金属，也可用在黑色金属(Ferrous Metallurgy)上。
在现行冶金电炉中(例如钛渣电炉)，从未能将化学能经吹氧喷煤的技术应用上以减低电能的消耗，提高冶炼的效率。本发明旨在推广此种吹氧喷煤的技术到此类电炉中。
发明内容
为此，本发明的一个方面的目的在于提供一种冶金电炉。
本发明的另一个方面的目的在于提供一种用于上述冶金电炉的熔炼方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明的一个方面的实施例提供了一种冶金电炉，包括：炉体，所述炉体具有炉腔；氧枪，位于所述炉腔的侧壁上，用于向熔炼过程中产生的熔渣内吹氧，且所述氧枪的出口高于所述熔渣；和煤枪，位于所述炉腔的侧壁上，用于向所述熔渣内喷煤，且所述煤枪的出口高于所述熔渣。
本发明上述实施例提供的冶金电炉，尤其是明弧操作的冶金电炉中，氧枪的出口和煤枪的出口均高于熔渣的上表面，O2由氧枪自上而下吹入熔渣中，将熔渣中低价的还原态物质氧化为高价氧化态物质，氧化过程中释放大量的化学能，熔渣温度升高，所释放的化学能能够有效的将进料熔融，同时，将煤粉通过煤枪也自上而下喷入熔渣中，煤粉中的碳将上述高价氧化态物质还原为低价的还原态，在高价氧化态物质被碳还原时，有CO放出，同时该还原反应需要吸热，于是还原态物质被氧化所释放的能量也供给还原反应；在熔渣内，因为O2的存在，O2也可能与CO、C发生燃烧反应，该燃烧反应的燃烧热能够使熔渣温度升高，为进料的熔融提供热量，而且还可以为还原反应提供能量，从而氧化反应中释放的化学能，及燃烧反应中释放的能量均能用于进料的熔融，使得熔炼过程中除电能外，化学能也能为熔炼过程提供大量的能量，增加熔炼的总功率，增加产能和效率，特别是对熔炼高熔点的熔渣特别有效，从而减少了对电能的消耗。
本方案中，氧枪和煤枪均设置在熔渣上方，O2和煤粉自上而下吹入熔渣中，远离炉衬，减少了对炉衬的损伤，避免炉衬使用寿命降低。由于O2自上而下并向炉腔侧壁上远离氧枪的安装位置的方向倾斜，即O2的喷吹的方向朝向炉腔侧壁上氧枪的安装位置的对面，煤粉也是自上而下并向炉腔侧壁上远离煤枪的安装位置的方向倾斜，即煤粉的喷吹的方向朝向炉腔侧壁上煤枪的安装位置的对面，引起熔渣向炉腔侧壁上氧枪和煤枪的安装位置的对面流去，但离对面炉衬很远，造成的影响低，能够保护炉衬的完整性。
具体的，以熔渣中的还原态物质为Me2O3为例，吹氧喷煤过程中熔渣内发生的化学反应有：
Me2O3+0.5O2＝2MeO2   (1)
2MeO2+C＝Me2O3+CO    (2)
CO+0.5O2＝CO2        (3)
O2+C＝CO2            (4)
吹入O2后，发生反应(1)，O2将Me2O3氧化为MeO2，该氧化反应为放热反应，反应中放出大量的化学能，用于进料的熔融；喷入煤粉后，发生反应(2)，碳将MeO2还原为Me2O3，同时释放出CO，反应(2)为吸热反应，反应(1)中释放的化学能除用于进料熔融外，还为反应(2)提供能量；熔渣中的O2也可能与CO和C发生燃烧反应(3)和(4)，燃烧热的一部分释放到熔渣中，用于进料熔融和供给反应(2)，因为反应(1)、反应(3)和反应(4)均为放热反应，反应中释放的化学能加在电能之上，增加了熔炼总功率，降低了对电能的消耗。同时反应(2)中有大量的CO放出，形成气泡，将熔渣鼓起成为泡沫渣，泡沫渣的形成有利于O2的吹入。
本发明的电炉是固定不动，连续加料不停止，铁水达到一定液位，打开金属液出口放出金属液，这时照常加料，照常喷吹氧和煤。金属液流出一定流量后，用堵口机把金属液出口堵住，一段时间后，渣位太高时，打开渣口出渣，照常加料，照常喷吹氧和煤。
另外，本发明上述实施例提供的冶金电炉还具有如下附加技术特征：
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述冶金电炉包括多个所述氧枪，沿所述炉腔的侧壁均匀分布；和多个所述煤枪，沿所述炉腔的侧壁均匀分布；其中，所述氧枪位于所述煤枪的下方，或者，所述氧枪与所述煤枪位于所述炉腔的侧壁的同一高度上。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中，氧枪位于煤枪的下方，优选地，氧枪的数量和煤枪的数量相等，煤枪位于氧枪的正上方，两者上下布置。
在本发明的另一个具体实施例中，氧枪与煤枪位于炉腔1的侧壁11的同一高度上，呈左右布置。
优选地，多个氧枪沿炉腔的侧壁周向均匀分布，并位于炉腔侧壁的同一高度上；多个煤枪沿炉腔的侧壁周向均匀分布，并位于炉腔侧壁的同一高度上。
优选地，一个煤枪和一个氧枪可以摆在同一个冷却套中，氧枪和煤枪在熔池的射入点之间的距离不小于300毫米。
上述实施例中，氧枪和煤枪位于熔池上方，O2和煤粉从上到下吹入炉腔1，O2流速为超音速射穿泡沫渣，煤也能被射入熔池中，在炉腔的侧壁上均匀分布多个氧枪，能够提高O2吹入熔渣中的均匀性，从而提高还原态物质被氧化的过程中所释放的化学能在熔渣中分布的均匀性，提高炉腔中各处进料熔融的均匀性；在炉腔的侧壁上均匀分布多个煤枪，提高高价氧化态物质被还原为低价还原态物质的转化率。
优选地，氧枪和煤枪安装在炉腔的侧壁上，穿过耐火材料，进入炉腔。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述冶金电炉还包括喷管，所述喷管位于所述炉腔的侧壁上，用于向炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物，所述喷管的出口高于所述熔渣。
上述实施例中，部分电能和化学能用于反应(2)，反应(2)产生的CO进入炉膛净空，且CO携带大量能量，且反应(3)和(4)释放的燃烧热的一部分用于熔融进料和反应(2)，一部分将气体(CO、CO2、O2)升温并进入炉膛净空，作为碳氢化合物裂解气化的热源，生成煤气，从而使得本发明在提高熔炼的总功率的同时，生成了煤气，避免了烟气中所含的能量的浪费。
炉膛净空又名自由净空，是指熔池上方、炉盖下方的空间。
具体来说，碳氢化合物在炉膛净空中发生的反应有：
CnHm＝nC+m/2H2                (5)
2CnHm+CO2＝2(n+1)CO+mH2       (6)
CnHm+nH2O＝nCO+(n+m/2)H2      (7)
C+CO2＝2CO                    (8)
C+H2O＝H2+CO                  (9)
由于炉膛净空的空间有限，反应(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)、(9)可能达不到化学平衡，最后的温度和气体组成取决于系统的动力平衡。
优选地，炉腔的侧壁上设有多个均匀分布的喷管。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述碳氢化合物向所述炉膛净空中的喷吹方向与所述炉腔的侧壁相切。优选地，碳氢化合物自上而下喷吹。
本发明第二个方面的实施例提供一种熔炼方法，用于上述任一实施例所述的冶金电炉，其中，熔渣中包括能够被O2氧化的还原态物质，所述熔炼方法 包括：通过氧枪向所述熔渣内吹氧，以将所述还原态物质氧化为氧化态物质；通过煤枪向所述熔渣内喷煤，以还原被氧化的所述氧化态物质。
本发明上述实施例提供的熔炼方法，O2自上而下吹入熔渣中，将熔渣中低价的还原态物质氧化为高价氧化态物质，氧化过程中释放大量的化学能，能够有效的将进料熔融，同时，将煤粉也自上而下喷入熔渣中，将上述高价氧化态物质还原为低价的还原态，同时释放CO，该还原反应为吸热反应，于是还原态物质被氧化所释放的能量也供给还原反应；在熔渣内，因为O2的存在，O2也可能与CO、C发生燃烧反应，该燃烧反应的燃烧热能够使熔渣温度升高，为进料的熔融提供热量，还能够供给还原反应所需的能量，从而氧化反应中释放的化学能及燃烧反应中释放的能量均能用于进料的熔融，使得熔炼过程中除电能外，化学能也能为熔炼过程提供大量的能量，增加熔炼的总功率，增加产能和效率，特别是对熔炼高熔点的熔渣特别有效，并且减少了对电能的消耗。
上述技术方案中，优选地，氧吹入所述熔渣的深度不超过所述熔渣厚度的二分之一。
上述技术方案中，优选地，氧吹入所述熔渣的深度位于所述熔渣厚度的三分之一至所述熔渣厚度的二分之一的范围内。
上述实施例中，对于不同的熔渣系统，O2吹入熔渣中的深度占熔渣总厚度的比例是不同的，如果熔渣系统需要控制在极低的氧位势下，以还原需要回收的金属氧化物，则氧吹入熔渣纵深的三分之一至熔渣纵深的二分之一的范围内，煤粉可以喷入更深位置以确保低氧位势。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述煤为无烟煤或褐煤。
电弧炉炼钢中只能使用无烟煤或焦炭末，不能使用褐煤，但本申请中可以使用无烟煤，也可以使用褐煤，当然本申请中还可以使用焦炭末。
上述技术方案中，优选地，在通过所述煤枪向所述熔渣内喷煤后，还包括：通过喷管向所述炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物。
上述实施例中，碳氢化合物自上而下吹入炉膛净空中，氧化反应放出的CO所携带的能量、CO与O2发生的燃烧反应产生的化学能、C与O2发生的燃烧反应所产生的化学能，能够作为碳氢化合物裂解气化的热源，从而在炉膛净空中产生煤气。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述碳氢化合物包括天然气或轻油。当然，在炉膛净空中喷入甲烷气体、固体褐煤等均能够转化成煤气，在熔池中产生的气体(CO、CO2、H2、H2O)的温度极高(温度大于1700℃)，含大量热能进入炉膛净空，将上述碳氢化物喷入炉膛净空中，与CO2、H2O发生吸热化学反应，裂解成为煤气。
上述技术方案中，优选地，在通过喷管向所述炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物的同时，还包括：通过所述喷管向所述炉膛净空内喷吹液态水和/或气态水。
上述实施例中，若要增加煤气中氢气的含量，在喷吹碳氢化合物的同时，还可以喷入少量水。当然，也可以在炉腔的侧壁上设置额外的喷管，用于喷吹水。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明的实施例所述的冶金电炉结构示意图，其中A处箭头表示氧气向熔渣内的吹入方向，B处箭头表示煤粉向熔渣内的喷入方向；
图2是图1所示冶金电炉的俯视结构示意图，其中C处箭头表示氧气和煤粉向熔渣内的喷入方向；
图3是本发明的实施例所述的冶金电炉局部的俯视结构示意图，其中D处箭头表示碳氢化合物吹入炉膛净空的方向。
其中，图1至图3中附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
1炉腔，11侧壁，2电极，3熔渣，4金属液。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施，因此，本发明的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
下面参照附图描述根据本发明一些实施例的冶金电炉及用于该冶金电炉的熔炼方法。
如图1和图2所示，根据本发明一些实施例提供的一种冶金电炉，包括炉体、氧枪和煤枪。其中，炉体具有炉腔1；氧枪位于炉腔1的侧壁11上，用于向熔炼过程中产生的熔渣3内吹氧，且氧枪的出口高于熔渣3；煤枪位于炉腔1的侧壁11上，用于向熔渣3内喷煤，且煤枪的出口高于熔渣3。
本发明上述实施例提供的冶金电炉，尤其是连续操作的冶金电炉，特别是明弧操作的冶金电炉中，氧枪的出口和煤枪的出口均高于熔渣3的上表面，O2由氧枪自上而下(沿图1中箭头A的方向、图2中箭头C的方向)吹入熔渣3中，将熔渣3中低价的还原态物质氧化为高价氧化态物质，氧化过程中释放大量的化学能，熔渣3温度升高，所释放的化学能能够有效的将进料熔融，将煤粉通过煤枪也自上而下(沿图1中箭头B的方向、图2中箭头C的方向)喷入熔渣3中，煤粉中的碳将上述高价氧化态物质还原为低价的还原态，在高价氧化态物质被碳还原时，有CO放出，同时该还原反应需要吸热，于是还原态物质被氧化所释放的能量也供给该还原反应；在熔渣3内，因为O2的存在，O2也可能与CO、C发生燃烧反应，该燃烧反应的燃烧热能够使熔渣3温度升高，为进料的熔融提供热量，而且还可以为还原反应提供能量，从而氧化反应中释放的化学能，及燃烧反应中释放的能量均能用于进料的熔融，使得熔炼过程中除电能外，化学能也能为熔炼过程提供大量的能量，增加熔炼的总功率，增加产能和效率，特别是对熔炼高熔点的熔渣3特别有效，从而减少了对电能的消耗。
本方案中，氧枪和煤枪均设置在熔渣3上方，O2和煤粉自上而下吹入熔渣3中，远离炉衬，减少了对炉衬的损伤，避免炉衬使用寿命降低。如图1中箭头A所示，由于O2自上而下并向炉腔1侧壁11上远离氧枪的安装位置的方向倾斜，即O2的喷吹的方向朝向炉腔1侧壁11上氧枪的安装位置的对面，如图1中箭头B所示，煤粉也是自上而下并向炉腔1侧壁11上远离煤枪的安 装位置的方向倾斜，即煤粉的喷吹的方向朝向炉腔1侧壁11上煤枪的安装位置的对面，引起熔渣向炉腔1侧壁11上氧枪和煤枪的安装位置的对面流去，但离对面炉衬很远，造成的影响低，能够保护炉衬的完整性。
具体的，以熔渣3中的还原态物质为Me2O3为例，吹氧喷煤过程中熔渣3内发生的化学反应有：
Me2O3+0.5O2＝2MeO2   (1)
2MeO2+C＝Me2O3+CO    (2)
CO+0.5O2＝CO2        (3)
O2+C＝CO2            (4)
吹入O2后，发生反应(1)，O2将Me2O3氧化为MeO2，该氧化反应为放热反应，反应中放出大量的化学能，用于进料的熔融；喷入煤粉后，发生反应(2)，碳将MeO2还原为Me2O3，同时释放出CO，反应(2)为吸热反应，反应(1)中释放的化学能除用于进料熔融外，还为反应(2)提供能量；熔渣3中的O2也可能与CO和C发生燃烧反应(3)和(4)，燃烧热的一部分释放到熔渣3中，用于进料熔融和供给反应(2)，因为反应(1)、反应(3)和反应(4)均为放热反应，反应中释放的化学能，增加了熔炼总功率，降低了对电能的消耗。同时反应(2)中有大量的CO放出，形成气泡，将熔渣3鼓起成为泡沫渣，泡沫渣的形成有利于O2的吹入。
电极2在炉腔中的分布如图1和图2所示，优选地，3个电极呈品字形分布。
本发明的电炉是固定不动，连续加料不停止，铁水达到一定液位，打开金属液出口放出金属液4，这时照常加料，照常喷吹氧和煤。金属液4流出一定流量后，用堵口机把金属液出口堵住，一段时间后，渣位太高时，打开渣口出渣，照常加料，照常喷吹氧和煤。
优选地，如图1和图3所示，连续操作的冶金电炉包括多个氧枪和多个煤枪，多个氧枪，沿炉腔1的侧壁11均匀分布；和多个煤枪，沿炉腔1的侧壁11均匀分布。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中，氧枪位于煤枪的下方，优选地，氧枪的数量和煤枪的数量相等，煤枪位于氧枪的正上方，两者上下布置。
在本发明的另一个具体实施例中，氧枪与煤枪位于炉腔1的侧壁11的同一高度上，呈左右布置。
优选地，如图2所示，多个氧枪沿炉腔1的侧壁11的同一高度周向均匀分布，多个煤枪也沿炉腔1的侧壁11的同一高度周向均匀分布。
优选地，一个煤枪和一个氧枪可以摆在同一个冷却套中，氧枪和煤枪在熔池的射入点之间的距离不小于300毫米。
上述实施例中，氧枪和煤枪位于熔池上方，O2和煤粉从上到下吹入炉腔1，O2流速为超音速射穿泡沫渣，煤也能被射入熔池中。在炉腔1的侧壁11上均匀分布多个氧枪，能够提高O2吹入熔渣3中的均匀性，从而提高还原态物质被氧化的过程中所释放的化学能在熔渣3中分布的均匀性，提高炉腔1中各处进料熔融的均匀性；在炉腔1的侧壁11上均匀分布多个煤枪，提高煤粉喷入熔渣3中的均匀性，提高高价氧化态物质被还原为低价还原态物质的转化率。
优选地，氧枪和煤枪安装在炉腔1的侧壁11上，穿过耐火材料，进入炉腔1。
优选地，如图3所示，连续操作的冶金电炉还包括喷管，喷管位于炉腔1的侧壁11上，用于向炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物，喷管的出口高于熔渣3。
上述实施例中，部分电能和化学能用于反应(2)，反应(2)产生的CO进入炉膛净空，且CO携带大量能量，且反应(3)和(4)释放的燃烧热的一部分用于熔融进料和反应(2)，一部分将气体(CO、CO2、O2)升温并进入炉膛净空，作为碳氢化合物裂解气化的热源，生成煤气，从而使得本发明在提高熔炼的总功率的同时，生成了煤气，避免了烟气中所含的能量的浪费。
炉膛净空又名自由净空(freeboard)，是指熔池上方、炉盖下方的空间。
具体来说，碳氢化合物在炉膛净空中发生的反应有：
CnHm＝nC+m/2H2                (5)
2CnHm+CO2＝2(n+1)CO+mH2       (6)
CnHm+nH2O＝nCO+(n+m/2)H2      (7)
C+CO2＝2CO                    (8)
C+H2O＝H2+CO                  (9)
由于炉膛净空的空间有限，反应(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)、(9)可能达不到 化学平衡，最后的温度和气体组成取决于系统的动力平衡。
优选地，如图3所示，碳氢化合物向炉膛净空中的喷吹方向与炉腔1的侧壁11相切。优选地，碳氢化合物自上而下喷吹(沿图3中箭头D的方向)。喷吹方向与炉腔1侧壁11相切的目的在产生气体的循环，增加气体停留在炉腔1内的时间，以产生较多的反应。但如喷管占位置太大，影响设计，喷管与炉腔1侧壁11垂直亦可，即碳氢化合物向炉膛净空中的喷吹方向与炉腔1侧壁11垂直。
优选地，炉腔1的侧壁11上设有多个均匀分布的喷管。
本发明第二个方面的实施例提供一种熔炼方法，用于上述任一实施例所述的冶金电炉，其中，熔渣3中包括能够被O2氧化的还原态物质，该熔炼方法包括：通过氧枪向熔渣3内吹氧，以将还原态物质氧化为氧化态物质；通过煤枪向熔渣3内喷煤，以还原被氧化的氧化态物质。
本发明上述实施例提供的熔炼方法，O2自上而下(沿图1中箭头A的方向、图2中箭头C的方向)吹入熔渣3中，将熔渣3中低价的还原态物质氧化为高价氧化态物质，氧化过程中释放大量的化学能，能够有效的将进料熔融，同时，将煤粉也自上而下(沿图1中箭头B的方向、图2中箭头C的方向)喷入熔渣3中，将上述高价氧化态物质还原为低价的还原态，同时释放CO，该还原反应为吸热反应，于是还原态物质被氧化所释放的能量也供给还原反应；在熔渣3内，O2与CO、C发生燃烧反应，该燃烧反应的燃烧热能够使熔渣3温度升高，为进料的熔融提供热量，还能够供给还原反应所需的能量，从而氧化反应中释放的化学能及燃烧反应中释放的能量均能用于进料的熔融，使得熔炼过程中除电能外，化学能也能为熔炼过程提供大量的能量，增加熔炼的总功率，增加产能和效率，特别是对熔炼高熔点的熔渣3特别有效，并且减少了对电能的消耗。
优选地，氧吹入熔渣3的深度不超过熔渣3厚度的二分之一。这样在熔渣3的上部是高氧化区，也就是高反应区，而下部不受喷吹影响，仍然是高还原区，对金属的回收不受影响。
当然，也可以先吹氧后喷煤，也可以吹氧与喷煤同时进行。
上述技术方案中，优选地，氧吹入熔渣3的深度位于熔渣3厚度的三分 之一至熔渣3厚度的二分之一的范围内。
上述实施例中，对于不同的熔渣3系统，O2吹入熔渣3中的深度占熔渣3总厚度的比例是不同的，如果熔渣3系统需要控制在极低的氧位势下，以还原需要回收的金属氧化物，则氧吹入熔渣3纵深的三分之一至熔渣3纵深的二分之一的范围内，煤粉可以喷入更深位置以确保低氧位势。
优选地，煤为无烟煤或褐煤。
电弧炉炼钢中只能使用无烟煤或焦炭末，不能使用褐煤，但本申请中可以使用无烟煤，也可以使用褐煤，当然本申请中还可以使用焦炭末。因为在炼钢炉中目的是要产生足够的气体(CO)造成泡沫渣，而要避免产生过多气体，导致消耗过多的氧，同时产生的过多的气体无法回收，造成浪费，因此炼钢炉中避免使用褐煤。但在本发明中要提高气体产量，并将气体全部回收使用，因此褐煤是一个优良选择，从而能够降低生产成本。
优选地，在通过煤枪向熔渣3内喷煤后，还包括通过喷管向炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物。
上述实施例中，碳氢化合物自上而下(沿图3中箭头D的方向)吹入炉膛净空中，氧化反应放出的CO所携带的能量、CO与O2发生的燃烧反应产生的化学能、C与O2发生的燃烧反应所产生的化学能，能够作为碳氢化合物裂解气化的热源，从而在炉膛净空中产生煤气。
优选地，碳氢化合物包括天然气或轻油。当然，在炉膛净空中喷入甲烷气体、固体褐煤等均能够转化成煤气，在熔池中产生的气体(CO+CO2+H2+H2O)的温度极高(温度大于1700℃)，含大量热能进入炉膛净空，将上述碳氢化物喷入炉膛净空中，与CO2、H2O发生吸热化学反应，裂解成为煤气。
当然，也可以在喷煤的同时将碳氢化合物吹入炉膛净空内。
优选地，在通过喷管向炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物的同时，还包括通过喷管向炉膛净空内喷吹液态水和/或气态水。
上述实施例中，若要增加煤气中氢气的含量，在喷吹碳氢化合物的同时，还可以喷入少量水。当然，也可以在炉腔的侧壁上设置额外的喷管，用于喷吹水。对于液态水和/或气态水与碳氢化合物的喷吹顺序，可以在喷吹碳氢化合物的同时喷吹水，也可以先后喷吹，具体的，可以先喷吹碳氢化合物，也可先 喷吹水。
下面以钛钒磁铁矿的冶炼为例，在一个中试电炉中来实行吹氧喷煤，根据原料的条件不同操作参数有所不同。下表列举这两种不同的冶炼方式的一些操作参数及获得的出铁量、煤气量和煤气成分。
实施例 - 实施例一 实施例二
原料 - 直接冷加料 预还原热加料
金属化率 ％ 0 85
入炉温度 ℃ 25 650
出铁量 tph 1.2 2.9
出渣量 tph 0.8 1.9
电功率 MW 2.4 1.9
化学能功率 MW 4.1 4.6
总功率 MW 6.5 6.5
氧气喷吹量 Nm3/h 1435 1607
天然气喷吹量 Nm3/h 323 354
褐煤喷吹量 tph 2.0 2.2
无烟煤加入量 tph 0.59 0.35
氮气消耗量 Nm3/h 198 222
电炉烟气流量 Nm3/h 6302 6394
CO Vol％ 59 57
H2 Vol％ 29 30
N2 Vol％ 7 7
CO2 Vol％ 3 4
H2O Vol％ 2 2
实施例一与实施例二的不同在于，实施例一中在冶金电炉中直接加入冷料，实施例二中将钒钛磁铁矿预还原至高度金属化率，然后热装料进冶金电炉。
从实施例一和实施例二的参数看出，冶金电炉中采用吹氧喷煤的技术后，实施例一中电功率占总功率的37％，实施例二中电功率占总功率的30％，可以看出采用吹氧喷煤技术后，冶炼中均减少了对电能的消耗。
实施例一和实施例二中，总功率是相同的，两者产生的煤气量和成分也大致相同，但实施例二中出铁量是实施例一中出铁量的2.4倍。实施例一中直接加冷料没有预还原，设备简单，投资少，但每吨成品总能量消耗大，使用无烟煤做还原剂用量大。实施例二中预还原热料需要投资预还原设备，但可使用廉价的褐煤作燃料和还原剂，减少无烟煤的使用量，冶炼能耗小。在实际使用过程中，选择直接加冷料还是加预还原热料可以视能源价格而定。
需要说明的是，本方案主要针对含钒、钛、铁矿的冶炼，此时，反应(1)和(2)中氧化态物质为TiO2，还原态物质为Ti2O3，但也可以应用于FeO/Fe3O4系统存在的硫化铜、硫化镍矿的冶炼。
综上所述，本发明实施例提供的连续操作的冶金电炉，采用吹氧喷煤的技术，O2将熔渣3中低价的还原态物质氧化为高价氧化态物质，氧化过程中所释放的化学能能够有效的将进料熔融，同时，将煤粉也自上而下喷入熔渣3中，将上述高价氧化态物质还原为低价的还原态；在熔渣3内O2与CO、C发生燃烧反应，进一步为进料的熔融提供热量，使得熔炼过程中除电能外，化学能也能为熔炼过程提供大量的能量，增加熔炼的总功率，增加产能和效率，特别是对熔炼高熔点的熔渣3特别有效，并且减少了对电能的消耗。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“多个”是指两个或两个以上；除非另有规定或说明，术语“连接”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，或电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系， 仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或单元必须具有特定的方向、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种冶金电炉，其特征在于，包括：
    炉体，所述炉体具有炉腔；
    氧枪，位于所述炉腔的侧壁上，用于向熔炼过程中产生的熔渣内吹氧，且所述氧枪的出口高于所述熔渣；和
    煤枪，位于所述炉腔的侧壁上，用于向所述熔渣内喷煤，且所述煤枪的出口高于所述熔渣。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的冶金电炉，其特征在于，包括：
    多个所述氧枪，沿所述炉腔的侧壁均匀分布；和
    多个所述煤枪，沿所述炉腔的侧壁均匀分布；
    其中，所述氧枪位于所述煤枪的下方，或者，所述氧枪与所述煤枪位于所述炉腔的侧壁的同一高度上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的冶金电炉，其特征在于，还包括：
    喷管，位于所述炉腔的侧壁上，用于向炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物，所述喷管的出口高于所述熔渣。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的冶金电炉，其特征在于，
    所述碳氢化合物向所述炉膛净空中的喷吹方向与所述炉腔的侧壁相切。
  5. 一种熔炼方法，用于权利要求1至4中任一项所述的冶金电炉，其中，熔渣中包括能够被氧气氧化的还原态物质，其特征在于，所述熔炼方法包括：
    通过氧枪向所述熔渣内吹氧，以将所述还原态物质氧化为氧化态物质；
    通过煤枪向所述熔渣内喷煤，以还原被氧化的所述氧化态物质。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的熔炼方法，其特征在于，
    氧吹入所述熔渣的深度不超过所述熔渣厚度的二分之一。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的熔炼方法，其特征在于，
    氧吹入所述熔渣的深度位于所述熔渣厚度的三分之一至所述熔渣厚度的二分之一的范围内。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的熔炼方法，其特征在于，
    所述煤为无烟煤或褐煤。
  9. 根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的熔炼方法，其特征在于，在通过所述煤枪向所述熔渣内喷煤后，还包括：
    通过喷管向炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的熔炼方法，其特征在于，
    所述碳氢化合物包括天然气或轻油。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的熔炼方法，其特征在于，在通过喷管向所述炉膛净空内喷吹碳氢化合物的同时，还包括：
    通过所述喷管向所述炉膛净空内喷吹液态水和/或气态水。
PCT/CN2017/084396 2016-07-01 2017-05-15 冶金电炉及熔炼方法 WO2018000973A1 (zh)

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