US20190161816A1 - Smelting method for metallurgical electric-furnace - Google Patents

Smelting method for metallurgical electric-furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190161816A1
US20190161816A1 US16/314,508 US201716314508A US2019161816A1 US 20190161816 A1 US20190161816 A1 US 20190161816A1 US 201716314508 A US201716314508 A US 201716314508A US 2019161816 A1 US2019161816 A1 US 2019161816A1
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Prior art keywords
slag
coal
furnace
oxygen
lance
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US16/314,508
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English (en)
Inventor
John Tung CHAO
Wenheng Mu
JiBin Liu
Cunhu Wang
Lei Chen
Han Wen
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Beijing Zhongkaihongde Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Zhongkaihongde Technology Co Ltd
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Assigned to BEIJING ZHONGKAIHONGDE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. reassignment BEIJING ZHONGKAIHONGDE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHAO, John Tung, MU, WENHENG, CHEN, LEI, LIU, JIBIN, WANG, Cunhu, WEN, HAN
Publication of US20190161816A1 publication Critical patent/US20190161816A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
    • C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/08—Apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
    • F27D3/0026—Introducing additives into the melt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H05B7/22—Indirect heating by arc discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C2005/5223—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace with post-combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21C2300/02—Foam creation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/163—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being an oxidant
    • F27D2003/164—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/165—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being a fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/166—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being a treatment gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of metallurgy, and more particularly to a metallurgical electric furnace and a smelting method for the metallurgical electric furnace.
  • the oxygen has been successfully applied to the nonferrous metallurgy since the 1970s.
  • Ausmelt developed by Outotec has been used for smelting lead, zinc, nickel, copper, tin and other minerals
  • ISASMELT developed by MIM and CSIRO in Australia has also been successfully applied to the smelting of non-ferrous metals.
  • the chemical energy has never been applied by virtue of the oxygen blowing and coal spraying technology to reduce the consumption of electric energy and to improve the efficiency of smelting.
  • the present disclosure aims at promoting the oxygen blowing and coal spraying technology to such electric furnaces.
  • the objective of one aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a metallurgical electric furnace.
  • the objective of another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a smelting method for the above metallurgical electric furnace.
  • the embodiment of one aspect of the present disclosure provides a metallurgical electric furnace, including: a furnace body provided with a furnace chamber; an oxygen lance located on a side wall of the furnace chamber and used for blowing oxygen into slag promoting the smelting process, wherein the outlet of the oxygen lance is higher than the slag; and a coal lance located on the side wall of the furnace chamber and used for spraying coal into the slag, wherein the outlet of the coal lance is higher than the slag.
  • the outlet of the oxygen lance and the outlet of the coal lance are higher than the upper surface of the slag, the O 2 is blown into the slag from top to bottom by the oxygen lance, the low-valent reduced state substance in the slag is oxidized to a high-valent oxidation state substance, a large amount of chemical energy is released in the oxidation process, the temperature of the slag is increased, the released chemical energy can effectively melt the feed, meanwhile, the coal particles are also injected into the slag from top to bottom through the coal lance, the carbon in the coal reduces the high-valent oxidation state substance to a low-valent reduced state, when the high-valent oxidation state substance is reduced by the carbon, CO is released, meanwhile, the reduction reaction is endothermic, and then the energy released by the oxidation of the reduced state substance is also supplied to the reduction reaction; in the slag
  • the oxygen lance and the coal lance are both arranged above the slag, the O 2 and the coal particles are blown into the slag from top to bottom, and is away from the furnace lining, so that the damage to the furnace lining is reduced, and the service life of the furnace lining is prevented from being shortened.
  • the coal particles is also sprayed from top to bottom and inclines toward the direction away from the installation position of the coal lance on the side wall of the furnace chamber, that is, the spraying direction of the coal particles faces to the opposite side of the installation position of the coal lance on the side wall of the furnace chamber, so that the slag flows toward the opposite side of the installation positions of the oxygen lance and the coal lance on the side wall of the furnace chamber, but is very far away from the furnace lining, in this way, the generated influence is low, and the integrity of the furnace lining can be protected.
  • the chemical reactions occurred in the slag during the oxygen blowing and coal spraying include:
  • the reaction (1) After the O 2 is blown in, the reaction (1) occurs, the O 2 oxidizes the Me 2 O 3 into MeO 2 , the oxidation reaction is an exothermic reaction, and a large amount of chemical energy is released in the reaction for smelting of the feed; after the coal particles is injected, the reaction (2) occurs, the carbon reduces the MeO 2 into Me 2 O 3 , meanwhile, releases CO, the reaction (2) is an endothermic reaction, and the chemical energy released in the reaction (1) is further used for providing energy for the reaction (2) in addition to smelting the feed; and the O 2 in the slag may also cause the combustion reactions (3) and (4) with the CO and C, a part of the heat of combustion is released into the slag for smelting the feed and being supplied to the reaction (2), as the reaction (1), the reaction (3) and the reaction (4) are all exothermic reactions, and the chemical energy released in the reactions is added to the electric energy, thereby improving the total smelting power and reducing the consumption of electric energy.
  • the electric furnace of the present disclosure is fixed, the feed is supplied unceasingly, when the molten iron reaches a certain liquid level, a molten metal outlet is opened to release the molten metal, the feed is supplied as usual, and the oxygen and coal are blown and sprayed as usual. After a certain amount of the molten metal flows out, the molten metal outlet is blocked by a blocking machine, after a period of time, when the slag level is too high, a slag opening is opened to discharge the slag, the feed is supplied as usual, and the oxygen and coal are blown and sprayed as usual.
  • the metallurgical electric furnace provided by the above embodiment of the present disclosure further has the following additional technical features:
  • the metallurgical electric furnace includes a plurality of oxygen lances that are uniformly distributed along the side wall of the furnace chamber; and a plurality of coal lances that are uniformly distributed along the side wall of the furnace chamber; wherein the oxygen lances are located below the coal lances, or the oxygen lances and the coal lances are located at the same height on the side wall of the furnace chamber.
  • the oxygen lances are located below the coal lances.
  • the number of the oxygen lances is equal to the number of the coal lances, the coal lances are located right above the oxygen lances, the coal lances and the oxygen lances are arranged in an above-and-below pattern.
  • the oxygen lances and the coal lances are located at the same height on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , and are arranged next to one another in an alternate pattern.
  • the plurality of oxygen lances are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the furnace chamber and are located at the same height on the side wall of the furnace chamber; and the plurality of coal lances are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the furnace chamber and are located at the same height on the side wall of the furnace chamber.
  • a coal lance and an oxygen lance can be placed in the same cooling jacket, and the distance between the injection points of the coal lance and the oxygen lance in a molten pool is not less than 300 mm.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal lance are located above the molten pool, and the O 2 and the coal particles are blown into the furnace chamber 1 from top to bottom, the injecting velocity of the O 2 is supersonic to penetrate through the foam slag, the coal can also be injected into the molten pool, the plurality of oxygen lances are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the furnace chamber to balance the mechanical stirring caused by each lance.
  • the chemical energy released by the oxidation of the reduced state substance in the slag is uniformly distributed, and thus the uniformity of the feed distribution in the furnace chamber can be improved; and the plurality of coal lances are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the furnace chamber, so that the conversion rate of reducing the high-valent oxidation state substance into the low-valent reduced state substance is improved.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal lance are installed on the side wall of the furnace chamber, penetrate through a refractory material and enter the furnace chamber.
  • the metallurgical electric furnace further includes a spray tube, the spray tube is located on the side wall of the furnace chamber above the oxygen lances and used for spraying a hydrocarbon into a furnace freeboard, and the outlet of the spray tube is higher than the slag.
  • the furnace freeboard is also known as a freeboard, which refers to a space above the molten pool and below a furnace roof.
  • the hydrocarbon causes the following reactions in the furnace freeboard:
  • the reactions (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) may not reach chemical equilibrium, and the final temperature and gas composition depend on the dynamic balance of the system.
  • a plurality of uniformly distributed spray tubes is arranged on the side wall of the furnace chamber.
  • the spraying direction of the hydrocarbon into the furnace freeboard is tangential to the side wall of the furnace chamber.
  • the hydrocarbon is sprayed horizontally into the freeboard.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a smelting method for the metallurgical electric furnace according to any one of the above embodiments, wherein the slag includes a reduced state substance capable of being oxidized by O 2 , and the smelting method includes: blowing oxygen into the slag via an oxygen lance so as to oxidize the reduced state substance to an oxidization state substance; and spraying coal into the slag through a coal lance so as to reduce the oxidized oxidization state substance.
  • the O 2 is blown into the slag from top to bottom to oxidize the low-valent reduced state substance in the slag into a high-valent oxidation state substance, a large amount of chemical energy is released in the oxidation process to effectively smelt the slag, meanwhile, the coal particles are also sprayed into the slag from top to bottom to reduce the high-valent oxidation state substance to a low-valent reduced state, CO is released at the same time, the reduction reaction is an endothermic reaction, the energy released by the oxidation of the reduced state substance is also supplied to the reduction reaction; and in the slag, due to the existence of the O 2 , the O 2 may cause a combustion reaction with the CO and C, the heat of combustion of the combustion reaction can raise the temperature of the slag so as to provide heat for melting of the feed, and can also provide energy for the reduction reactions, in this way, the chemical energy released in the oxidation reaction and the energy released in
  • the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag does not exceed one-half of the thickness of the slag.
  • the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag is within the range of one-third of the thickness of the slag to one-half of the thickness of the slag.
  • the ratios of the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag to the total thickness of the slag are different, if the slag system needs to be controlled at a very low oxygen potential to reduce the metal oxides to be recovered, the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag is within the range of one-third of the height of the slag bath to two-thirds of the height of the slag bath, and the coal particles can be sprayed deeper, however, not reaching the metal bath underneath the slag, to ensure the low oxygen potential.
  • the coal is anthracite or bituminous coal.
  • the anthracite or coke can be used, and the bituminous coal cannot be used.
  • the anthracite or bituminous coal can be used in the present application.
  • the coke can also be used in the present application.
  • the method further includes: blowing a hydrocarbon into the furnace freeboard through a spray tube.
  • the hydrocarbon is blown into the furnace freeboard horizontally, the energy carried by the CO released by the oxidation reaction, the chemical energy generated by the combustion reaction of CO and O 2 , and the chemical energy generated by the combustion reaction of C and O 2 can be used as the heat source for the pyrolysis gasification of the hydrocarbon, so that a coal gas is generated in the furnace freeboard.
  • the hydrocarbon includes natural gas or light oil.
  • methane gas and solid bituminous coal and the like sprayed into the furnace freeboard can be converted into the coal gas
  • the temperature of the gases (CO, CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O) generated in the molten pool is extremely high (the temperature is greater than 1700° C.)
  • the gases contain a large amount of heat, which enters the furnace freeboard
  • the above hydrocarbon is sprayed into the freeboard to cause endothermic chemical reactions with the CO 2 and H 2 O so as to be cracked into the coal gas.
  • the furnace roof can be cooled by these endothermic reactions.
  • the method further includes: spraying liquid water and/or gaseous water into the furnace freeboard through the spray tube.
  • a small amount of water may be sprayed while spraying the hydrocarbon.
  • an additional spray tube can also be arranged on the side wall of the furnace chamber for spraying the water.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a metallurgical electric furnace in an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein an arrow at a site A represents the blowing direction of oxygen into slag, and the arrow at a site B represents the spraying direction of coal particles into the slag;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overlooking structure of the metallurgical electric furnace as shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the arrow at a site C represents the spraying direction of oxygen and coal particles into the slag;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an overlooking structure of a metallurgical electric furnace in an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the arrow at a site D represents the blowing direction of a hydrocarbon into a furnace freeboard.
  • a metallurgical electric furnace and a smelting method for the metallurgical electric furnace according to some embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the drawings.
  • a metallurgical electric furnace provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure includes a furnace body, an oxygen lance and a coal lance.
  • the furnace body is provided with a furnace chamber 1 ; the oxygen lance located on a side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 and used for blowing oxygen into slag 3 promoting the smelting process, wherein the outlet of the oxygen lance is higher than the slag 3 ; and the coal lance is located on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 beside the oxygen lance and used for injecting coal particles into the slag 3 , wherein the outlet of the coal lance is higher than the slag 3 .
  • the outlet of the oxygen lance and the outlet of the coal lance are higher than the upper surface of the slag 3 , the O 2 is blown into the slag 3 from top to bottom (along the direction of an arrow A in FIG. 1 and the direction of an arrow C in FIG.
  • the low-valent reduced state substance in the slag 3 is oxidized to a high-valent oxidation state substance, a large amount of chemical energy is released in the oxidation process, the temperature of the slag 3 is increased, the released chemical energy can effectively smelt the feed, the coal particles is also sprayed into the slag 3 from top to bottom (along the direction of an arrow B in FIG. 1 and the direction of an arrow C in FIG.
  • the carbon in the coal particles reduces the high-valent oxidation state substance to a low-valent reduced state, when the high-valent oxidation state substance is reduced by the carbon, CO is released, meanwhile, the reduction reaction needs to absorb the heat, and then the energy released by the oxidation of the reduced state substance is also supplied to the reduction reaction; in the slag 3 , due to the existence of the O 2 , the O 2 may also cause a combustion reaction with the CO and C, the heat of combustion of the combustion reaction can raise the temperature of the slag 3 so as to provide heat for the smelting of the feed, and can also provide energy for the reduction reaction, in this way, the chemical energy released in the oxidation reaction and the energy released in the combustion reaction can be used for the smelting of the feed, so that in addition to electrical energy in the smelting process, the chemical energy can also provide a large amount of energy for the smelting process, thereby improving the total power of smelting, and improving the productivity and efficiency
  • the oxygen lance and the coal lance are both arranged above the slag 3 , the O 2 and the coal particles are blown into the slag 3 from top to bottom, which are away from the furnace lining, so that the damage to the furnace lining is reduced, and the service life of the furnace lining is prevented from being shortened.
  • the O 2 is from top to bottom and inclines toward a direction away from the installation position of the oxygen lance on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , that is, the spraying direction of the O 2 faces to the opposite side of the installation position of the oxygen lance on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , as shown by the arrow B in FIG.
  • the coal particles is also from top to bottom and inclines toward the direction away from the installation position of the coal lance on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , that is, the spraying direction of the coal particles faces to the opposite side of the installation position of the coal lance on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , so that the slag flows toward the opposite side of the installation positions of the oxygen lance and the coal lance on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , but is very far away from the furnace lining, in this way, the generated turbulence is low or somewhat cancelled by one another, and the integrity of the furnace lining can be protected.
  • the chemical reactions occurring in the slag 3 in the oxygen blowing and coal spraying including:
  • the reaction (1) occurs, the O 2 oxidizes the Me 2 O 3 into MeO 2 , the oxidation reaction is an exothermic reaction, and a large amount of chemical energy is released in the reaction for smelting of the feed; after the coal particles is injected, the reaction (2) occurs, the carbon reduces the MeO 2 into Me 2 O 3 , meanwhile, releases CO, the reaction (2) is an endothermic reaction, and the chemical energy released in the reaction (1) is further used for providing energy for the reaction (2) in addition to smelting the feed; and the O 2 in the slag 3 can also cause the combustion reactions (3) and (4) with the CO and C, a part of the heat of combustion is released into the slag 3 for smelting the feed and being supplied to the reaction (2), as the reaction (1), the reaction (3) and the reaction (4) are all exothermic reactions, the chemical energy released in the reactions improves the total smelting power and reduces the consumption of electric energy. At the same time, a large amount of CO is released in the
  • the distribution of electrodes 2 in the furnace chamber is as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , and preferably, three electrodes are arranged in a triangle.
  • the electric furnace of the present disclosure is fixed, the feed is supplied unceasingly, when the molten iron reaches a certain liquid level, a molten metal outlet is opened to release the molten metal 4 , the feed is supplied as usual, and the oxygen and coal are blown and sprayed as usual. After a certain amount of the molten metal 4 flows out, the molten metal outlet is blocked by a blocking machine, after a period of time, when the slag level is too high, a slag opening is opened to discharge the slag, the feed is supplied as usual, and the oxygen and coal are blown and sprayed as usual.
  • the continuously operated metallurgical electric furnace includes a plurality of oxygen lances and plurality of coal lances, the plurality of oxygen lances are uniformly distributed along the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 ; and the plurality of coal lances are uniformly distributed along the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 .
  • the oxygen lances are located below the coal lances.
  • the number of the oxygen lances is equal to the number of the coal lances, the coal lances are located right above the oxygen lances, and the two lances are arranged up and down.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal lance are located at the same height on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 and are arranged on the left and right sides.
  • the plurality of oxygen lances are uniformly distributed at the same height on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of coal lances are uniformly distributed at the same height on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 along the circumferential direction.
  • a coal lance and an oxygen lance can be placed in the same cooling jacket, and the distance between the injection points of the coal lance and the oxygen lance in a molten pool is not less than 300 mm.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal lance are located above the molten pool, and the O 2 and the coal particles are blown into the furnace chamber 1 from top to bottom, the flow rate of the O 2 is a supersonic speed to penetrate through the foam slag, and the coal can also be injected into the molten pool.
  • the plurality of oxygen lances are uniformly distributed on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , so that the uniformity of blowing the O 2 into the slag 3 can be improved, in this way, the distribution uniformity of the chemical energy released by the reduced state substance in the oxidation process in the slag 3 is improved, and the smelting uniformity of the feed in the furnace chamber 1 is improved; and the plurality of coal lances are uniformly distributed on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , so that the uniformity of spraying the coal particles into the slag 3 is improved, and the conversion rate of reducing the high-valent oxidation state substance into the low-valent reduced state substance is improved.
  • the oxygen lance and the coal lance are installed on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 and penetrate through a refractory material to enter the furnace chamber 1 .
  • the continuously operated metallurgical electric furnace further includes a spray tube, the spray tube is located on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 and used for spraying a hydrocarbon into a furnace freeboard, wherein the outlet of the spray tube is higher than the slag 3 .
  • the furnace freeboard is also known as a freeboard, which refers to a space above the molten pool and below a furnace roof.
  • the hydrocarbon causes the following reactions in the furnace freeboard:
  • the reactions (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) may not reach chemical equilibrium, and the final temperature and gas composition depend on the dynamic balance of the system.
  • the spraying direction of the hydrocarbon into the furnace freeboard can be (but not limited to) tangential to the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 .
  • the hydrocarbon is sprayed from top to bottom (along the direction of an arrow D in FIG. 3 ).
  • the spraying direction of the hydrocarbon into the furnace freeboard is tangential to the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , so that the time of the gas to staying in the furnace chamber 1 is prolonged to cause more reactions.
  • the spray tube can also be vertical to the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 , that is, the spraying direction of the hydrocarbon into the furnace freeboard is vertical to the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 .
  • a plurality of uniformly distributed spray tubes is arranged on the side wall 11 of the furnace chamber 1 .
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a smelting method for the metallurgical electric furnace according to any one of the above embodiments, wherein the slag 3 includes a reduced state substance capable of being oxidized by O 2 , and the smelting method includes: blowing oxygen into the slag 3 via an oxygen lance so as to oxidize the reduced state substance to an oxidization state substance; and spraying coal into the slag 3 through a coal lance so as to reduce the oxidized oxidization state substance.
  • the O 2 is blown into the slag 3 from top to bottom (along the direction of the arrow A in FIG. 1 and the direction of the arrow C in FIG. 2 ) to oxidize the low-valent reduced state substance in the slag 3 into a high-valent oxidation state substance, a large amount of chemical energy is released in the oxidation process to effectively smelt the slag, meanwhile, the coal particles is also sprayed into the slag 3 from top to bottom (along the direction of the arrow B in FIG. 1 and the direction of the arrow C in FIG.
  • the O 2 has a combustion reaction with the CO and C, the heat of combustion of the combustion reaction can raise the temperature of the slag 3 so as to provide heat for the smelting of the feed, and can also provide energy for the reduction reaction, in this way, the chemical energy released in the oxidation reaction and the energy released in the combustion reaction can be used for the smelting of the feed, in addition to electrical energy in the smelting process, the chemical energy can also provide a large amount of energy for the smelting process, thereby improving the total power of smelting, and improving the productivity and efficiency, it is especially effective for the slag 3 with a high melting point, and the consumption of electric energy is reduced.
  • the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag 3 does not exceed one-half of the thickness of the slag 3 .
  • a high oxidation area namely, a high reaction area, is located at the upper part of the slag 3 , the lower part is not affected by the blowing and spraying and is still a high reduction area, so that the recovery of the metal is not affected.
  • the oxygen can be firstly blown and then the coal is sprayed, and the oxygen blowing and coal spraying can be performed at the same time.
  • the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag 3 is within the range of one-third of the thickness of the slag 3 to one-half of the thickness of the slag 3 .
  • the ratios of the depth of O 2 blown into the slag 3 to the total thickness of the slag 3 are different, if the slag 3 system needs to be controlled at a very low oxygen potential to reduce the metal oxides to be recycled, the depth of the oxygen blown into the slag 3 is within the range of one-third of the longitudinal thickness of the slag 3 to two-thirds of the longitudinal thickness of the slag 3 , and the coal particles can be sprayed deeper to ensure the low oxygen potential.
  • the coal is anthracite or bituminous coal.
  • the anthracite or coke can be used, and the bituminous coal cannot be used.
  • the anthracite or bituminous coal can be used in the present application.
  • the coke can also be used in the present application.
  • the purpose is to generate enough gas (CO) to cause foam slag, but to avoid generating too much gas, which leads to the consumption of excessive oxygen, and the excessive gas generated cannot be recycled at the same time, resulting in waste, so the use of bituminous coal in the steelmaking furnace is avoided.
  • the gas yield is increased and the gas is completely recycled, so bituminous coal is another choice, and accordingly, the production cost can be reduced.
  • the method further includes: blowing a hydrocarbon into the furnace freeboard through a spray tube.
  • the hydrocarbon is blown into the furnace freeboard horizontally into the furnace freeboard (along the direction of the arrow D or straight to the center in FIG. 3 ), the energy carried by the CO released by the oxidation reaction, the chemical energy generated by the combustion reaction of CO and O 2 , and the chemical energy generated by the combustion reaction of C and O 2 can be used as the heat source for the pyrolysis gasification of the hydrocarbon, so that a coal gas is generated in the furnace freeboard.
  • the hydrocarbon includes natural gas or light oil.
  • methane gas and solid bituminous coal and the like sprayed into the furnace freeboard can be converted into the coal gas, the temperature of the gases (CO+CO 2 +H 2 +H 2 O) generated in the molten pool is extremely high (the temperature is greater than 1700° C.), and the gases contain a large amount of heat, which enters the furnace freeboard, the above hydrocarbon is sprayed into the furnace freeboard to cause an endothermic chemical reaction with the CO 2 and H 2 O so as to cracked into the coal gas.
  • hydrocarbon can also be blown into the furnace freeboard while the coal is sprayed.
  • the method further includes: spraying liquid water and/or gaseous water into the furnace freeboard through the spray tube.
  • a small amount of water may be sprayed while spraying the hydrocarbon.
  • an additional spray tube can also be arranged on the side wall of the furnace chamber for spraying the water.
  • the water can be sprayed while blowing the hydrocarbon, or can be sprayed successively.
  • the hydrocarbon can be sprayed at first and the water can also be sprayed at first.
  • the oxygen blowing and coal spraying is carried out in a pilot electric furnace, and the operating parameters are different according to the conditions of the raw materials.
  • the table below lists some operation parameters of two different smelting manners and the obtained iron output, coal gas output and coal gas components.
  • Embodiment First Second embodiment embodiment
  • Raw material Direct cold Prereduction hot feeding feeding Metallization rate % 0 85 Inlet temperature ° C. 25 650 Iron output tph 1.2 2.9 Slag output tph 0.8 1.9 Electric power MW 2.4 1.9 Chemical energy power MW 4.1 4.6 Total power MW 6.5 6.5
  • Natural gas spraying amount Nm 3 /h 323 354 Bituminous coal spraying tph 2.0 2.2 amount
  • Nitrogen consumption Nm 3 /h 198 222
  • Electric furnace flue gas flow Nm 3 /h 6302 6394 CO Vol % 59 57 H 2 Vol % 29 30 N 2 Vol % 7 7 CO 2 Vol % 3 4 H 2 O Vol % 2 2
  • the first embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that, in the first embodiment, the cold material is directly added into the metallurgical electric furnace, and in the second embodiment, the vanadium titano-magnetite is pre-reduced to a high metallization rate, and then the hot material is added into the metallurgical electric furnace.
  • the total power is the same, and the coal gas output and the components generated are also substantially the same, but the iron output produced in the second embodiment is 2.4 times greater than that of the first embodiment.
  • the cold material is directly added and is not pre-reduced, so that the equipment is simple, and the investment is small, but the total energy consumption per ton of finished product is large, and the dosage of the anthracite used as a reducing agent is large.
  • the pre-reduced hot material requires the investment of pre-reduction equipment, but the cheap bituminous coal can be used as a fuel and the reducing agent to reduce the dosage of the anthracite, and the smelting energy consumption is small. In the actual using process, the choice of direct addition of the cold material or the addition of the pre-reduced hot material can depend on the energy price.
  • the solution is mainly for the smelting of vanadium, titanium and iron ore.
  • the oxidation state substance in the reactions (1) and (2) is TiO 2
  • the reduced state substance is Ti 2 O 3
  • it can also be applied to the smelting of FeO/Fe 3 O 4 systems with the presence of copper sulfide and nickel sulfide ores.
  • the continuously operated metallurgical electric furnace adopts the oxygen blowing and coal spraying technology, the O 2 oxidizes the low-valent reduced state substance in the slag 3 into the high-valent oxidation state substance, the chemical energy released in the oxidation process can effectively smelt the feed, and meanwhile, the coal particles is also sprayed into the slag 3 from top to bottom to reduce the high-valent oxidation state substance into the low-valent reduced state; the O 2 in the slag 3 causes the combustion reaction with the CO and C to further provide heat for the smelting of the feed, so that in addition to the electrical energy in the smelting process, the chemical energy can also provide a large amount of energy for the smelting process, thereby improving the total power of smelting, and improving the productivity and efficiency, it is especially effective for the slag 3 with a high melting point, and the consumption of electric energy is reduced.
  • connection means two or more unless specifically stated or defined otherwise; unless otherwise specified or stated, the terms “connection”, “fixation” and the like are understood generally, for example, the “connection” may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, or an electrical connection; and it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, or an electrical connection; and it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right” and the like are orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and are not intended to imply that the devices or units referred to have specific orientations, are constructed and operated in specific orientations, and therefore are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

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