Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
  • C10M2203/065—Well-defined aromatic compounds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/026—Butene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
  • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/02—Bearings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a lubricating fluid which is suitably used as shock absorber fluid.
• the present invention further relates to the use of the lubricating fluid in a shock absorber.
• a shock absorber (sometimes referred to as a damper) is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp a sudden shock impulse and dissipate kinetic energy. Shock absorbers are an important part of automobile, motorbike or bicycle suspensions, aircraft landing gear, train suspensions, and the supports for many industrial
• Hydraulic shock absorbers convert kinetic energy to heat energy, which can then be dissipated.
• Hydraulic shock absorbers are composed of a cylinder with a sliding piston inside. The cylinder is filled with a shock absorber fluid. This fluid-filled piston/cylinder combination is also referred to as a dashpot .
• the wheel suspension usually contains several shock absorbers, mostly in combination with pressure resilient means such as coil springs, leaf springs, or torsion bars. These springs are not shock absorbers as springs only store and do not dissipate or absorb energy. If a wheel is put into a horizontal motion, the spring will absorb the up-and downward force, and convert this into heat.
• the shock absorber along with hysteresis in for instance the tyres of the wheel, dampens the motion of the unsprung weight up and down, thereby effectively damping the wheel bounce. This is achieved by converting the kinetic energy into heat through fluid friction due to the flow of the shock absorber fluid through a narrow orifice, such as an internal valve.
• WO201063752 discloses fluids that may be used as shock absorber fluids that have high biological
• the fluids comprise a base oil composition and a viscosity index improver.
• the base oil composition comprises GTL base oil and an ester of a polyhydroxy compound.
• shock absorber fluids suitable for use as shock absorber fluids having advantageous properties, e.g. better long term shear stability and/or better low temperature viscosity properties than commercially available shock absorber fluids.
• lubricating fluids suitable for use as shock absorber fluids can be prepared from an advantageous combination of a GTL base oil, an alkylbenzene or alkylnaphthalene, and a viscosity modifier. Such a combination exhibits good shear
• the present invention provides a
• lubricating fluid comprising:
• the lubricating fluid has a viscosity index in the range of from 50 to 1000, and a pour point of below
• the lubricating fluid is suitable for use as a shock absorber fluid but may also find use as a fork oil or as an industrial lubricant such as a hydraulic fluid or a bearing and circulating oil.
• the present invention further provides the use of a lubricating fluid according to the invention in a shock absorber .
• the present invention yet further provides a vehicle comprising a lubricating fluid according to the invention.
• the lubricating fluid comprises at least 40wt%, based upon the weight of the lubricating fluid, of a GTL base oil.
• the lubricating fluid preferably comprises in the range of from 50 to 90wt% of GTL base oil, based upon the weight of the lubricating fluid, more preferably of from 60 to 85wt%.
• the term "GTL base oil” is used to describe base oils that are synthesised by the Fischer-Tropsch method of converting natural gas to liquid fuel. They have a very low sulphur content and aromatic content compared with mineral oil base oils refined from crude oil and have a very high paraffin constituent ratio.
• the GTL base oil may be a mixture of several different GTL base oils, having different viscosities.
• the kinematic viscosity of the GTL base oil at 100°C is in the range of from 2 to 10mm 2 /s, more preferably in the range of from 2.5 to 7mm 2 /s.
• the kinematic viscosity is suitably determined by ASTM D445.
• Suitable base oils, known at "GTL 4" and "GTL 3" are available from Shell.
• the lubricating fluid comprises from 5 to 25wt%, based upon the weight of the lubricating fluid, of alkylbenzene or alkylnaphthalene .
• alkylbenzene or alkylnaphthalene is a mixture of
• alkylbenzene molecules and/or alkylnaphthalene molecules may be mono- or poly-substituted but are preferably mono- or di-substituted .
• the alkylbenzenes and/or alkylnaphthalenes may be mono- or poly-substituted but are preferably mono- or di-substituted .
• the alkylbenzenes and/or alkylnaphthalenes may be mono- or poly-substituted but are preferably mono- or di-substituted .
• the alkylbenzenes and/or alkylnaphthalenes may be mono- or poly-substituted but are preferably mono- or di-substituted .
• the alkylbenzenes and/or alkylnaphthalenes may be mono- or poly-substituted but are preferably mono- or di-substituted .
• lubricating fluid comprises from 5 to 25wt% of a mixture of alkylbenzenes that are mono- or di-substituted with linear and/or branched alkyl groups, wherein the alkyl groups are C6-C20 alkyl groups, preferably C9-C15 alkyl groups.
• alkylbenzene or alkylnaphthalene (suitably determined by ASTM D445) is suitably between 3 and 400mm 2 /s, preferably between 3 and 50mm 2 /s and more preferably between 3 and 10mm 2 /s.
• the average relative molecular weight is suitably from 180 to 300, preferably from 200 to 280, and more preferably from 230 to 260.
• the lubricating fluid comprises from 0.1 to 20wt%, based upon the weight of the lubricating fluid, of a viscosity index improver.
• Viscosity index improvers also known as VI improvers, viscosity modifiers, or viscosity improvers
• VI improvers also known as VI improvers, viscosity modifiers, or viscosity improvers
• Viscosity index improvers provide lubricants with high- and low-temperature operability. These additives impart shear stability and acceptable viscosity at elevated temperatures and at low
• Suitable viscosity index improvers include both low molecular weight and high molecular weight hydrocarbons, polyesters and viscosity index improver dispersants that can function as both a viscosity index improver and a dispersant.
• Typical molecular weights of these polymers are between about 10,000 to 1,000,000, more typically about 20,000 to 500,000 and even more typically between about 50,000 and 200,000.
• suitable viscosity index improvers are polymers and copolymers of methacrylate, butadiene, olefins, or alkylated styrenes.
• the viscosity index improver is poly methyl methacrylate (further referred to as PMMA) , i.e. a copolymer of various chain length methyl and alkyl methacrylates .
• PMMA viscosity index improvers are the commercially available Viscoplex viscosity improvers (Viscoplex is a tradename of the Rohm GmbH & CO. KG, Darmstadt, Germany) .
• the lubricating fluid suitably further comprises one or more additives that are typically used in shock absorber fluids.
• additives can be added in the form of an additive package.
• a typical additive package includes oxidation inhibitors and anti-wear agents, but may also include dispersants, detergents, corrosion and rust inhibitors, metal deactivators, extreme pressure additives, anti-seizure agents, pour point depressants, wax modifiers, seal compatibility agents, friction modifiers, lubricity agents, anti-staining agents, chromophoric agents, anti-foaming agents and demulsifiers .
• the lubricating fluid preferably comprises an antiwear additive.
• Suitable antiwear additives include metal- containing and metal-free alkylthiophosphates , such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates , typically used in amounts of from about 0.4% by weight to about 1.4% by weight of the lubricating fluid.
• the lubricating fluid preferably comprises an anti- foaming agent . Silicones and organic polymers are typical anti-foam agents.
• the anti-foaming agent is a low-silicon or no-silicon anti-foam, such as an acrylic copolymer or a fatty amine ethoxylate .
• the amount of anti- foaming agent is suitably less than lwt%, based up on the weight of the lubricating fluid, preferably less than 0.1wt% and more preferably less than 0.05wt%.
• the lubricating fluid has a viscosity index in the range of from 50 to 1000, preferably in the range of from
• the viscosity index is determined according to ASTM D2272. If the viscosity index is too low, the lubricating fluid is likely to be too viscous at low temperatures and too thin at higher temperatures, and then the lubricating fluid will not function effectively in a shock absorber.
• the lubricating fluid has a pour point of below - 30°C, preferably below -45°C.
• the pour point is determined according to ASTM D97. If the lubricating fluid has a higher pour point then the fluid would not flow in cold ambient conditions and a shock absorber containing the fluid would not function.
• the lubricating fluid suitably has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C of at least 7mm 2 /s, preferably at least 10mm 2 /s and more preferably at least 12mm 2 /s.
• a kinematic viscosity at 40°C is determined according to ASTM D445. Having such a viscosity is important if the lubricating fluid is to function effectively in a shock absorber .
• the lubricating fluid suitably has a Brookfield viscosity at -40°C of less than 2000cP, more preferably less than 1500cP and most preferably less than 1250cP.
• a Brookfield viscosity at -40°C is determined by ASTM D2983. Having such a viscosity is important if the lubricating fluid is to function effectively in a shock absorber.
• the lubricating fluid suitably has a shear stability at 40°C, measured according to CEC L-45-99, of less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, most preferably less than 3%. It is important that the lubricating fluid has the highest possible shear stability (and the lowest possible loss of shear stability under the test
• the lubricating fluid has the correct viscosity range for efficient operation for the longest possible period. If the lubricating composition has poor shear stability, it will shear down over time and the viscosity will soon be outside the required range.
• a shock absorber fluid (Example 1) was prepared having the formulation shown in table 1:
• GTL base oils are available from Shell.
• the GTL 4 base oil had a viscosity at 100°C (measured by ASTM D445) of between 3.80 and 4.20cSt.
• the GTL 3 base oil had a viscosity at 100°C (measured by ASTM D445) of 2.8cSt.
• the alkylbenzene was a mixture of mono-substituted
• alkylbenzenes having a kinematic viscosity at 40°C of between 3 and 5mm 2 /s.
• the fluid was prepared by mixing and heating of all the components until a homogeneous mixture resulted.
• Example 1 The shock absorber fluid of Example 1 and two commercial shock absorber fluids (Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2) were tested.
• Table 2 shows the properties that were tested, the test methods used and the results for Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and
• shock absorber fluid of the invention (example 1) had an improved Brookfield viscosity compared to the shock absorber fluid of the invention

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-05-25 CN CN201610352708.2A patent/CN107434996A/zh active Pending
• 2017
  • 2017-05-23 EP EP17727164.0A patent/EP3464527A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2017-05-23 KR KR1020187032625A patent/KR102398825B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2017-05-23 WO PCT/EP2017/062473 patent/WO2017202873A1/en unknown
  • 2017-05-23 CN CN201780032174.8A patent/CN109415651A/zh active Pending
  • 2017-05-23 RU RU2018145707A patent/RU2742037C2/ru active
  • 2017-05-23 BR BR112018074292-9A patent/BR112018074292A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2017-05-23 JP JP2018561203A patent/JP7030065B2/ja active Active
  • 2017-05-23 US US16/303,169 patent/US20200325413A1/en not_active Abandoned

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