WO2017195705A1 - ポリアミド微粒子およびその製造方法ならびにポリアミド微粒子組成物 - Google Patents
ポリアミド微粒子およびその製造方法ならびにポリアミド微粒子組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/24—Pyrrolidones or piperidones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/16—Preparatory processes
- C08G69/18—Anionic polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
- C08J3/14—Powdering or granulating by precipitation from solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2377/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to polyamide fine particles, a method for producing the same, and a polyamide fine particle composition containing these polyamide fine particles.
- resin fine particles have been used in industrial products such as cosmetics, personal care products and paints.
- fine particles spherical fine particles having smooth slipperiness are used in many fields including cosmetics.
- Synthetic resins such as polyethylene resins and polyamide resins represented by nylon are used for these fine particles.
- Patent Document 1 describes resin particles mainly composed of polyamide 1010 resin.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method for synthesizing a specific polyamide is described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- JP 2013-72086 A (published on April 22, 2013)
- the main synthetic resins currently used for resin fine particles including the polyamide 1010 resin used in the resin particles described in Patent Document 1, do not have biodegradability. Therefore, in recent years, the influence of fine particles made of these synthetic resins on the environment has been regarded as a problem. That is, there is a concern that an aquatic organism may ingest the discarded fine particles and bioconcentrate it through the food chain, thereby possibly affecting the human body.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide spherical fine particles having a low degree of environmental pollution and smooth sliding properties.
- the polyamide fine particle according to the present invention is composed of repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, and each of the at least one alkylene group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms. It consists of polyamide and has a sphericity of 80 or more.
- the method for producing polyamide fine particles according to the present invention comprises repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, and each of the at least one alkylene group has 1 or more carbon atoms, 5 It includes a dissolution step of dissolving the following polyamide in hot water and a precipitation step of cooling the hot water to precipitate polyamide fine particles made of polyamide.
- the polyamide fine particles according to the present invention are decomposed in the environment even if discarded, the degree of environmental pollution is low. Further, since the polyamide fine particles according to the present invention have a sphericity of 80 or more, they have excellent slipperiness as spherical fine particles.
- Example 1 of this invention it is the optical microscope photograph of the polyamide microparticles
- Example 2 of this invention it is an optical micrograph of the polyamide microparticles
- Example 3 of this invention it is an optical micrograph of the polyamide microparticles
- 4 is an optical micrograph of fine particles obtained by pulverizing polyamide 4 in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
- Example 4 of this invention it is a SEM image of the polyamide fine particle obtained.
- Example 5 of this invention it is a SEM image of the polyamide fine particle obtained.
- Example 6 of this invention it is a SEM image of the polyamide fine particle obtained.
- Example 7 of this invention it is a SEM image of the polyamide fine particle obtained.
- polyamide fine particles are composed of repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, and each of the alkylene groups is carbon. It consists of a polyamide having a number of 1 or more and 5 or less, and has a sphericity of 80 or more.
- polyamide is a polymer compound having a structure represented by —CONH—.
- the polyamide according to the present embodiment includes repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, and each alkylene group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms. is there.
- the polyamide having the above structure has biodegradability.
- biodegradable means a polyamide that is decomposed into low molecular weight compounds such as water and carbon dioxide by the action of microorganisms and water. That is, “biodegradability” in this specification includes hydrolyzability.
- the number of repeating structural units according to this embodiment may be appropriately determined according to the weight average molecular weight of the polyamide.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamide will be described later in detail.
- the structural unit described above is not particularly limited as long as it has at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, but has at least one alkylene group and at most four alkylene groups. It is more preferable to have 1 or more and 3 or less, and most preferable to have 1 or more and 2 or less alkylene groups. In addition, it preferably has 1 or more and 4 or less amide bonds, more preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, and more preferably 1 or more and 2 or less. .
- each of the alkylene groups according to this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, but preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is more preferable.
- the alkylene group according to this embodiment may be linear or branched.
- each carbon number is independently 1 or more and 4 or less.
- x is an integer of 2 or more and 5 or less, and is preferably 2, 3 or 4.
- y is an integer of 1 to 5
- z is an integer of 3 to 7.
- y and z are 2, 3, or 4 each independently.
- polyamide x a polyamide having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (1) may be referred to as “polyamide x” depending on the number of x in the formula (1).
- polyamide 4 a polyamide having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (1)
- the sphericity is a value calculated by measuring the short diameter and the long diameter of n arbitrarily selected polyamide fine particles, respectively, according to the following formula (3).
- n is preferably 30 in the formula (3).
- an optical micrograph or a scanning electron micrograph of the polyamide fine particles is taken, and the short diameter and long diameter of the polyamide fine particles are measured from the photographed micrograph. It is preferable to carry out. Moreover, when using an optical micrograph, it is preferable that the magnification of an optical micrograph shall be 300 times or more.
- Equation (3) the closer the sphericity value is to 100, the closer to the true sphere.
- the polyamide according to this embodiment has a sphericity of 80 or more and has a spherical shape.
- the sphericity of the polyamide fine particles is preferably 85 or more, and more preferably 90 or more.
- the sphericity of the polyamide fine particles is most preferably 100.
- the slipperiness of the polyamide fine particles becomes smooth, and a sufficient texture can be obtained.
- the shape of the polyamide fine particles is prevented from approaching an ellipse, and, for example, suitable slip properties can be obtained when using the polyamide fine particles for cosmetics, paints, and toners. In terms of surface.
- the average particle diameter of the polyamide fine particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 350 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 60 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, A thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less is particularly preferable.
- the particle diameter of the polyamide fine particles is preferably uniform, more preferably the average particle diameter of the polyamide fine particles is within the above-mentioned range and the particle diameter is uniform.
- uniform particle size means that the proportion of polyamide fine particles having a particle size of ⁇ 50% of the average particle size is 67% or more, preferably 95% or more, based on the total number of polyamide fine particles. , Most preferably 100%.
- the polyamide particles Due to the uniform particle size of the polyamide particles, when the polyamide particles are used as a coating material in, for example, cosmetics, paints or toners, the polyamide particles slide smoothly against the object to be coated. Can be applied uniformly.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyamide in the polyamide fine particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30,000 or more and 800,000 or less, more preferably 30,000 or more and 600,000 or less, Most preferably, it is 000 or more and 300,000 or less. If the weight average molecular weight of the polyamide is within this range, there is no possibility that the mechanical properties, heat resistance, etc. of the polyamide are impaired during the molding of the polyamide fine particles.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamide may be 30,000 or more and 200,000 or less, or 30,000 or more and 100,000 or less. If the weight average molecular weight of the polyamide is 30,000 or more, it is possible to effectively suppress the dispersion of the polyamide fine particles dissolved in hot water on the water side. Can be formed efficiently.
- Specific surface area Smooth spherical polyamide microparticles, it is preferable specific surface area is small, specifically, preferably from 20 m 2 / g or less, 10 m 2 / g or less is particularly preferred. More preferable smooth polyamide fine particles have an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less and a specific surface area of 20 m 2 / g or less.
- the specific surface area can be measured by the BET method using nitrogen adsorption.
- the polyamide fine particles according to the present embodiment are fine particles made of a specific polyamide as described above and have biodegradability. Therefore, since the polyamide fine particles according to this embodiment are decomposed in the environment, the degree of environmental pollution is low. Moreover, since the polyamide fine particles according to the present embodiment have a sphericity of 80 or more, they have smooth slipperiness.
- polyamide used in the method for producing polyamide fine particles according to this embodiment a commercially available product may be used. Further, for example, polyamide may be synthesized by the following method.
- the polyamide used in the production method according to the present embodiment is composed of repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, and each of the at least one alkylene group is carbon. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyamide having a number of 1 or more and 5 or less. A method for synthesizing such a polyamide is illustrated below.
- first polyamide synthesis method examples include a method of ring-opening polymerization using an organic compound having a lactam structure as a raw material.
- organic compound having a lactam structure examples include ⁇ -pyrrolidone and ⁇ -caprolactam.
- the method for ring-opening polymerization is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include conventionally known methods such as bulk polymerization and particle polymerization in petroleum solvents.
- a polyamide is synthesized by dehydrating and condensing the organic compound having a lactam structure described above after ring opening by hydrolysis.
- the following procedure may also be selected. That is, it is a method of anionic ring-opening polymerization in which a small amount of a base is allowed to act on an organic compound having a lactam structure to generate an anionic species, and the anionic species opens a chain by opening the organic compound having a lactam structure.
- polyamide synthesis method As a second polyamide synthesis method, a method of self-condensing amino acids can be mentioned. Examples of amino acids include glycine and ⁇ -aminobutanoic acid.
- polyamide is synthesized by dehydration condensation by heating an amino acid under reduced pressure.
- the next procedure is also selected. That is, using polystyrene polymer gel beads or the like having a diameter of about 0.1 mm as a solid phase, amino acids are bound thereto, and then the amino acid chain is extended one by one by deprotecting the terminal after the condensation reaction.
- the Maryfield method is known as a method for producing synthetic peptides.
- a method of condensing diamine and dicarboxylic acid can be mentioned.
- the diamine include 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, and the like.
- the dicarboxylic acid include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, and adipic acid.
- polyamide 4 is, for example, “Alkaline-catalyzed polymerization of ⁇ -pyrrolidone in the presence of N, N′-adipyldipyrrolidone” cited as Non-Patent Document 1, Masakazu Taniyama, Takeshi Nagaoka, Toshihiro Takada, Kazunori Hatakeyama, Journal of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. 65, No. 3, 1962, pp. 419-422. More specifically, polyamide 4 can be obtained by the following procedure. That is, a small amount of metallic sodium is allowed to act on ⁇ -pyrrolidone to generate anionic species for some ⁇ -pyrrolidone. By adding N-acylated pyrrolidone as an initiator, the ring-opening reaction of pyrrolidone proceeds continuously, and a mass of polyamide 4 can be obtained.
- This manufacturing method is a method using the polyamide having the above-described configuration, and includes (1) a dissolution step and (2) a precipitation step. Hereinafter, these two steps will be described in detail.
- the dissolution step according to this embodiment includes dissolving the polyamide having the above-described configuration in hot water.
- the polyamide concentration in the hot water is 0.1 wt% or more, 10 wt% or less, preferably 0.1 wt% or more, 3 wt% or less, more preferably 0.1 wt% or more, 1 wt% It is preferable to dissolve the polyamide so that it becomes less than or equal to%. By setting the amount of polyamide dissolved in the above range, the sphericity of the polyamide fine particles becomes higher.
- the temperature of the hot water is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 170 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower, and most preferably 130 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower. It is preferable that the temperature of the hot water is within the above range in terms of solubility of the polyamide in hot water.
- the polyamide it is preferable to dissolve the polyamide while maintaining the temperature of the hot water after adding the polyamide to water and heating it to a desired temperature.
- the temperature of hot water is preferably maintained for 1 minute or more, more preferably 30 minutes or more, further preferably 3 hours or more, and particularly preferably 6 hours or more.
- the mixture of hot water and polyamide is cooled after the dissolution step described above.
- the cooling method is not particularly limited. For example, a method in which a mixture of polyamide and hot water is allowed to stand at room temperature (about 23 ° C.), a method in which a mixture of polyamide and hot water is allowed to stand in cold water, etc. Is mentioned.
- the polyamide molecules dissolved in the hot water are regularly arranged, thereby forming spherical polyamide fine particles.
- an operation of classifying the polyamide fine particles deposited by a sieve or the like to make the particle diameters of the polyamide fine particles uniform may be performed.
- the polyamide fine particles according to this embodiment may be used alone.
- the polyamide fine particles according to the present embodiment may be used as a polyamide fine particle composition containing the polyamide fine particles and other components.
- the other component contained in the polyamide fine particle composition may be, for example, a biodegradable plastic.
- examples of other components include polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, polyalcohols such as polyvinyl alcohol, and polyesters such as polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid.
- the polyamide fine particle composition may contain two or more types of polyamide fine particles according to this embodiment. Therefore, for example, the polyamide fine particle composition according to the present embodiment may contain polyamide fine particles made of polyamide 2 and polyamide fine particles made of polyamide 4. Furthermore, when the polyamide fine particle composition according to the present embodiment includes two or more different polyamide fine particles, the content ratio of the polyamide fine particles is not particularly limited.
- the polyamide fine particle composition according to this embodiment can be used, for example, as an external composition, a coating composition, a toner composition, or the like.
- an external composition e.g., a coating composition, a toner composition, or the like.
- the use of the polyamide fine particles according to the present embodiment will be specifically described.
- the application of the polyamide fine particles according to the present embodiment is not limited to the specific examples described below, and it goes without saying that other applications can be suitably used.
- the composition for external use means a composition that is directly used from the outside to the human body.
- the composition for external use include cosmetics such as foundation, lipstick, and eye shadow. Since the composition for external use according to the present embodiment contains polyamide fine particles, light scattering can be made uniform by the spherical shape of the polyamide fine particles. Therefore, according to the composition for external use according to the present embodiment, polyamide fine particles can be suitably used as an additive component for making light scattering uniform.
- components other than the polyamide fine particles contained in the composition for external use can include components contained in conventional cosmetics and the like.
- the content of the polyamide fine particles in the external composition is not particularly limited, but the content of the polyamide fine particles in the external composition is 3% by weight or more in order to improve the uniformity of light scattering. It is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more.
- the coating composition is, for example, a coating used for buildings, automobiles, metal products, electric appliances, and the like. Since the coating composition according to this embodiment contains polyamide fine particles, light scattering can be made uniform by the spherical shape of the polyamide fine particles. Therefore, according to the coating composition according to the present embodiment, polyamide fine particles can be suitably used as an additive component for making light scattering uniform.
- examples of components other than the polyamide fine particles contained in the coating composition include components contained in conventional coatings such as acrylic resins, urethane resins, thickeners, plasticizers, solvents, and pigments. Can do.
- the content of the polyamide fine particles in the coating composition is not particularly limited, but in order to improve the uniformity of light scattering, the content of the polyamide fine particles in the coating composition is 10% by weight or more. Preferably, it is 20% by weight or more, and most preferably 30% by weight or more.
- the toner composition is, for example, toner used in laser printers, copiers, and the like.
- the polyamide fine particles according to this embodiment can be used, for example, as plastic particles in toner.
- the polyamide fine particles can be used as the plastic fine particles of the toner by imparting charging properties to the polyamide fine particles and further attaching colored particles such as pigments to the polyamide fine particles.
- examples of components other than the polyamide fine particles contained in the toner composition include components contained in conventional toners such as polystyrene and polyester.
- the content of the polyamide fine particles in the toner composition is not particularly limited.
- the content of the polyamide fine particles in the toner composition is included.
- the amount is preferably 40% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the external composition, the coating composition, and the toner composition according to this embodiment may include one kind or two or more kinds of polyamide fine particles according to this embodiment as they are. Further, as described above, the external composition, the coating composition, and the toner composition according to the present embodiment are mixed with the polyamide fine particles according to the present embodiment, the dispersion medium, and the optional components as described above. It may be.
- the dispersion medium is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an aqueous dispersion medium such as water, an alcohol-containing aqueous solution such as ethyl alcohol and glycerin, and a nonpolar oil such as fatty acid ester oil.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a stirrer such as a Henschel mixer, a plast mill, a corn mixer, a kneader, and a ribbon mixer.
- the coating composition or the toner composition according to this embodiment includes other biodegradable plastics in addition to the polyamide fine particles according to this embodiment, for example, melt
- the prepared polyamide and other biodegradable plastics may be stirred with a kneader, a ribbon mixer or the like.
- the polyamide melted and dissolved in the stirrer and other biodegradable plastic may be added simultaneously or separately and mixed.
- the polyamide fine particle according to the present invention is composed of a polyamide having a repeating structural unit having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, and each of the at least one alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. And the sphericity is 80 or more.
- the polyamide fine particles according to the present invention preferably have an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more and 350 ⁇ m or less.
- polyamide fine particles according to the present invention preferably have a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 or more and 800,000 or less.
- the polyamide fine particles according to the present invention preferably have a specific surface area of 20 m 2 / g or less.
- the structural unit is represented by the following formula (1).
- x is an integer of 2 or more and 5 or less. It is preferable to be represented by
- the polyamide fine particles according to the present invention have a structural unit represented by the following formula (2)
- the method for producing polyamide fine particles according to the present invention comprises repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, and each of the at least one alkylene group has 1 or more carbon atoms, 5 It includes a dissolution step of dissolving the following polyamide in hot water and a precipitation step of cooling the hot water to precipitate polyamide fine particles made of polyamide.
- the polyamide is dissolved in water or hot water so that the concentration of polyamide in hot water is 0.1 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less in the dissolving step. It is preferable to do.
- the polyamide is dissolved in water or hot water so that the concentration of the polyamide in hot water is 0.1 wt% or more and 3 wt% or less in the dissolving step. It is preferable to do.
- the external composition, the coating composition and the toner composition according to the present invention each contain the polyamide fine particles according to the present invention.
- Polyamide 4 (hereinafter also referred to as “PA4”) is the “alkali-catalyzed polymerization of ⁇ -pyrrolidone in the presence of N, N-adipyldipyrrolidone” described in Non-Patent Document 1, Masakazu Taniyama, Takeshi Nagaoka, Takada This was synthesized according to the synthesis method described in Toshihiro, Kazunori Hatakeyama, Occupational Chemical Journal, Vol. 65, No. 3, 1962, pp. 419-422.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the obtained PA4 was 96,000. This weight average molecular weight was measured by the following procedure, analyzer and conditions.
- the suspension solution obtained by the above method is dropped on a slide glass, and an observation sample obtained by placing a cover glass is used using an optical microscope (manufactured by KEYENCE, VHX-700F, lens used: VH-Z100R).
- the dispersion state of the PA4 fine particles was observed under the conditions of room temperature (23 ° C.) and magnification ⁇ 300.
- the observation results are shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is an optical micrograph of polyamide fine particles obtained with a PA4 concentration of 0.1% by weight. From FIG. 1, it can be seen that the PA4 fine particles are dispersed without being aggregated in pure water.
- PA4 fine particles were arbitrarily selected from the optical micrograph shown in FIG. 1, the short diameter and long diameter of each PA4 fine particle were measured, and the sphericity of the PA4 fine particles was determined according to the following formula. The results are shown in Table 1.
- PA4 fine particles in the optical micrograph shown in FIG. 1 were arbitrarily selected and their particle sizes were measured. And the average value of these particle diameters was made into the average particle diameter of PA4 microparticles
- Example 2 A suspension solution was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PA4 was added so that the concentration of PA4 was 1% by weight. The obtained suspension solution was observed with an optical microscope in the same manner as in Example 1. The observation results are shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is an optical micrograph of polyamide fine particles obtained with a PA4 concentration of 1.0 wt%. FIG. 2 shows that the PA4 fine particles are dispersed without being aggregated in pure water. Further, from the optical micrograph shown in FIG. 2, the sphericity and average particle diameter of the PA4 fine particles were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. These results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A suspension solution was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PA4 was added so that the concentration of PA4 was 10% by weight. The obtained suspension solution was observed with an optical microscope in the same manner as in Example 1. The observation results are shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an optical micrograph of polyamide fine particles obtained with a PA4 concentration of 10% by weight. FIG. 3 shows that the PA4 fine particles are dispersed without being aggregated in pure water. Further, from the optical micrograph shown in FIG. 3, the sphericity and average particle diameter of the PA4 fine particles were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. These results are shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 4 is an optical micrograph of fine particles obtained by grinding PA4. Further, from the optical micrograph shown in FIG. 4, the sphericity and average particle diameter of the fine particles were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. These results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 By adding PA4 having a weight average molecular weight of about 80,000 to a 1 L pressure vessel so that the concentration of PA4 with respect to pure water and pure water is 1% by weight, the 1 L pressure vessel is heated to an internal temperature of 150 ° C. Was dissolved in hot water. After the heating, the temperature of the hot water was maintained for 30 minutes, and then the hot water was cooled until the hot water reached room temperature (23 ° C.) to obtain a suspension solution in which PA4 fine particles were dispersed in pure water. Furthermore, the obtained suspension solution was filtered with a filter paper, and what was hold
- the polyamide 4 fine particles were further dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the specific surface area of the dried polyamide 4 fine particles was measured using a specific surface area measuring machine (MONOSORB: manufactured by Quantachrome Instruments). The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 Polyamide 4 fine particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the weight average molecular weight of PA4 added to the 1 L pressure vessel was about 210,000.
- the obtained polyamide 4 fine particles were observed with an SEM in the same manner as in Example 4, they were spherical particles as shown in FIG. Further, the sphericity and the average particle diameter were determined in the same manner as in Example 4 using the SEM image. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 Polyamide 4 fine particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the concentration of PA4 was 5% by weight.
- the obtained polyamide 4 fine particles were observed with an SEM in the same manner as in Example 4, they were spherical particles as shown in FIG. Further, the sphericity and the average particle diameter were determined in the same manner as in Example 4 using the SEM image. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 Polyamide 4 fine particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the weight average molecular weight of PA4 added to the pressure vessel was about 210,000 and the concentration of PA4 was 5% by weight.
- the obtained polyamide 4 fine particles were observed with an SEM in the same manner as in Example 4, they were spherical particles as shown in FIG. Further, the sphericity and the average particle diameter were determined in the same manner as in Example 4 using the SEM image. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the fine particles made of polyamide according to the present invention can be suitably used as fine particles contained in products such as cosmetics, personal care products and paints.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子(以下、「ポリアミド微粒子」ということがある)は、少なくとも1つのアルキレン基と、少なくとも1つのアミド結合とを有する構造単位の繰り返しからなるとともに当該アルキレン基のそれぞれが炭素数1以上、5以下であるポリアミドからなり、真球度が80以上である。
本明細書において「ポリアミド」とは、-CONH-で表される構造を有する高分子化合物である。
(真球度)
本明細書において、真球度とは、任意に選択したポリアミド微粒子n個について、それらの短径および長径をそれぞれ測定し、下記式(3)に従って算出した値である。
ポリアミド微粒子の平均粒子径は特に限定されないが、1μm以上、350μm以下であることが好ましく、1μm以上、60μm以下であることがより好ましく、1μm以上、30μm以下であることがさらに好ましく、1μm以上、10μm以下であることが特に好ましい。
ポリアミド微粒子におけるポリアミドの重量平均分子量(Mw)は特に限定されないが、30,000以上、800,000以下であることが好ましく、30,000以上、600,000以下であることがより好ましく、30,000以上、300,000以下であることが最も好ましい。ポリアミドの重量平均分子量がこの範囲内であれば、ポリアミド微粒子の成形時にポリアミドの機械的物性および耐熱性等が損なわれるおそれがない。また、ポリアミドの重量平均分子量は、30,000以上、200,000以下、または30,000以上、100,000以下でもあり得る。ポリアミドの重量平均分子量が30,000以上であれば、熱水中に溶解されたポリアミド微粒子が水側に分散することを効果的に抑制することができ、その結果、マイクロメートルサイズ以上のポリアミド粒子を効率的に形成することができる。
滑らかな球状ポリアミド微粒子は、比表面積が小さい方が好ましく、具体的には、20m2/g以下が好ましく、10m2/g以下が特に好ましい。より好適な滑らかなポリアミド微粒子は、平均粒子径が1μm以上、30μm以下であり、かつ比表面積が20m2/g以下である。比表面積は窒素吸着によるBET法などで測定できる。
本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子は、上述したように特定のポリアミドからなる微粒子であり、生分解性を有している。そのため、本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子は環境中で分解されるため、環境汚染の程度が低い。また、本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子は真球度が80以上であるため、滑らかな滑り性を有する。
次に、本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子の製造方法について説明する。
第1のポリアミド合成方法として、ラクタム構造を有する有機化合物を原料として開環重合する方法を挙げることができる。ラクタム構造を有する有機化合物としては、例えばα-ピロリドン、ε-カプロラクタム等を挙げることができる。また開環重合する方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えばバルク重合および石油系溶媒中粒子重合等の従来公知の方法を挙げることができる。
第2のポリアミド合成方法として、アミノ酸を自己縮合する方法を挙げることができる。アミノ酸としては、例えばグリシン、γ-アミノブタン酸等を挙げることができる。
第3のポリアミド合成方法として、ジアミンとジカルボン酸とを縮合する方法を挙げることができる。ジアミンとして、例えば1,2-エチレンジアミン、1,3-プロパンジアミン、1,4-ブチレンジアミンおよび1,6-ヘキサメチレンジアミン等を挙げることができる。またジカルボン酸として、例えばシュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸およびアジピン酸等を挙げることができる。
ポリアミド3であれば、例えばアクリルアミド類の水素移動重合法によって合成してもよい。
次に、本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子の製造方法(以下、「本製造方法」ということがある)について説明する。
本実施形態に係る溶解工程には、上述した構成を有するポリアミドを熱水中に溶解することが含まれる。
析出工程では、上述した溶解工程後に、熱水とポリアミドとの混合物を冷却する。冷却方法は特に限定されるものでなく、例えばポリアミドと熱水との混合物を室温(23℃程度)で静置しておく手法およびポリアミドと熱水との混合物を冷水中に静置させる手法等が挙げられる。
本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子は単独で用いてもよい。また、本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子は、当該ポリアミド微粒子と他の成分とを含有するポリアミド微粒子組成物として用いてもよい。ポリアミド微粒子組成物に含有される他の成分は、例えば生分解性プラスチックであってもよい。さらに、他の成分としては、例えば、ポリエチレングリコール等のポリエーテル類、ポリビニルアルコール等のポリアルコール類ならびにポリ乳酸およびポリグリコール酸等のポリエステル類等を挙げることができる。
本実施形態において外用組成物とは、人体に対して外側から直接用いられる組成物を意味する。外用組成物としては、例えばファンデーション、口紅、アイシャドウ等の化粧品等を挙げることができる。本実施形態に係る外用組成物はポリアミド微粒子を含有するため、それらポリアミド微粒子の球形状によって光の散乱を均一とすることができる。そのため、本実施形態に係る外用組成物によれば、光の散乱を均一化するための添加成分として、ポリアミド微粒子を好適に用いることができる。
本実施形態において塗料用組成物とは、例えば、建築物用、自動車用、金属製品用、電気器具用等に用いられる塗料である。本実施形態に係る塗料用組成物はポリアミド微粒子を含有するため、それらのポリアミド微粒子の球形状によって光の散乱を均一とすることができる。そのため、本実施形態に係る塗料用組成物によれば、光の散乱を均一化するための添加成分として、ポリアミド微粒子を好適に用いることができる。
本実施形態においてトナー用組成物とは、例えば、レーザープリンターおよび複写機等に用いられるトナー等である。本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子は、例えばトナーにおけるプラスチック粒子として用いることができる。具体的には、例えば、ポリアミド微粒子に帯電性を付与し、さらに、顔料等の色粒子をポリアミド微粒子に付着させることによって、ポリアミド微粒子をトナーのプラスチック微粒子として用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る外用組成物、塗料用組成物およびトナー用組成物は、本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子1種類または2種類以上をそのままの状態で含むものであってもよい。また、本実施形態に係る外用組成物、塗料用組成物およびトナー用組成物は、上述したように、本実施形態に係るポリアミド微粒子と、分散媒および上述したような任意成分とが混合されてなるものであってもよい。この場合、分散媒としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、水、エチルアルコール、グリセリン等のアルコール類含有水溶液等の水系分散媒、脂肪酸エステル油等の非極性油等を挙げることができる。また、混合方法においても、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ヘンシェルミキサー、プラストミル、コーンミキサー、ニーダー、リボンミキサー等の攪拌機等を用いた方法を挙げることができる。
本発明に係るポリアミド微粒子は、少なくとも1つのアルキレン基と、少なくとも1つのアミド結合とを有する構造単位の繰り返しからなるとともに当該少なくとも1つのアルキレン基のそれぞれが炭素数1以上、5以下であるポリアミドからなり、真球度が80以上である。
(ポリアミド4の合成方法)
ポリアミド4(以下、「PA4」とも言う)は、非特許文献1に挙げた「N,N-アジピルジピロリドンの存在下におけるα-ピロリドンのアルカリ触媒重合」、谷山雅一、長岡武、高田利宏、讃山一則、工業化学雑誌、第65巻、第3号、1962年、419~422頁に記載の合成方法にしたがって合成した。より具体的には、50℃の湯浴下で、密閉したフラスコ中に、α‐ピロリドンに1mol%の金属ナトリウム(Na)を加えた。Na溶解後、開始剤として0.1mol%のN,N’アジピルジピロリドンを加えた。するとただちに系は白濁し、まもなく撹拌困難となった。撹拌停止してから10時間後、フラスコ中に生成した塊状物を取り出して塊状物を粉砕後、アセトンで未反応物および低分子物を洗浄した。それから塊状物を乾燥させることによって、粉末状のPA4を得た。
トリフルオロ酢酸ナトリウムを5mMの濃度で溶解したヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール(HFIP)に、上記のようにして得られたPA4試料10mgを溶解させて10cm3とした後、メンブレンフィルターでろ過して試料溶液を得た。この試料溶液10μLを以下に示す分析装置に注入し、後述する測定条件でPA4の重量平均分子量を測定した。・分析装置:ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)分析装置(昭和電工株式会社製、GPC104)
・測定条件:
A)SHODEX 104システム
B)カラム:昭和電工HFIP 606×2本 直列、40℃
C)5 mM CF3COONa/HFIP、0.1 mL/min
D)Detector:RI
E)サンプル10~11mg/5mM CF3COONa/HFIP 10mL
F)PMMA標準物質(150 E4, 65.9 E4, 21.8 E4, 4.96 E4, 2.06 E4, 0.68 E4, 0.2 E4)による校正(PMMA換算)法
<実施例1>
(ポリアミド4微粒子の調製)
純水及び純水に対するPA4の濃度が0.1重量%となるように耐圧容器にPA4を加え、耐圧容器を150℃の恒温槽で3時間加熱し、熱水中でPA4を溶解した。加熱終了後、熱水が室温(23℃)となるまで熱水を自然冷却し、さらに一晩静置することにより、PA4微粒子が純水に分散した懸濁溶液を得た。
PA4の濃度が1重量%となるようにPA4を加えた以外は実施例1と同様にして懸濁溶液を得た。得られた懸濁溶液について、実施例1と同様にして光学顕微鏡で観察した。観察結果を図2に示す。図2は、PA4の濃度を1.0重量%として得られたポリアミド微粒子の光学顕微鏡写真である。図2から、PA4微粒子は純水中で凝集することなく分散していることがわかる。また、図2に示す光学顕微鏡写真から、実施例1と同様にしてPA4微粒子の真球度および平均粒子径を求めた。これらの結果を表1に示す。
PA4の濃度が10重量%となるようにPA4を加えた以外は実施例1と同様にして懸濁溶液を得た。得られた懸濁溶液について、実施例1と同様にして光学顕微鏡で観察した。観察結果を図3に示す。図3は、PA4の濃度を10重量%として得られたポリアミド微粒子の光学顕微鏡写真である。図3から、PA4微粒子は純水中で凝集することなく分散していることがわかる。また、図3に示す光学顕微鏡写真から、実施例1と同様にしてPA4微粒子の真球度および平均粒子径を求めた。これらの結果を表1に示す。
合成例で得られたPA4を乳鉢を用いて粉砕して、微粒子を得た。得られた微粒子について、実施例1と同様の光学顕微鏡で観察した。観察結果を図4に示す。図4は、PA4を粉砕することによって得られた微粒子の光学顕微鏡写真である。また、図4に示す光学顕微鏡写真から、実施例1と同様にして微粒子の真球度および平均粒子径を求めた。これらの結果を表1に示す。
純水及び純水に対するPA4の濃度が1重量%となるように1L耐圧容器に重量平均分子量約80,000のPA4を加え、1L耐圧容器を加熱し内温を150℃とすることで、PA4を熱水に溶解した。加熱終了後に熱水の温度を30分維持した後、熱水が室温(23℃)となるまで熱水を冷却することにより、PA4微粒子が純水に分散した懸濁溶液を得た。さらに得られた懸濁溶液をろ紙でろ過し、ろ紙上に保持されたものを80℃で8時間真空乾燥し、ポリアミド4微粒子を得た。1L耐圧容器を用いることで、比表面積測定を行うのに十分な量のサンプルを得ることができる。
上記手法で得られたポリアミド4微粒子を走査型電子顕微鏡(NeoScopeJCM-5000:日本電子株式会社製)を用いて観察を行ったところ図5に示すような球状粒子であった。また光学顕微鏡写真の代わりにSEM画像を用いた以外は実施例1と同様に真球度および平均粒径を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
ポリアミド4微粒子をさらに120℃で10分間乾燥させた。比表面積測定機(MONOSORB:Quantachrome Inturuments社製)を用いて、乾燥させたポリアミド4微粒子の比表面積を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
1L耐圧容器に加えるPA4の重量平均分子量が約210,000である以外は実施例4と同様にしてポリアミド4微粒子を得た。得られたポリアミド4微粒子について実施例4と同様にSEM観察を行うと、図6に示すような球状粒子であった。またSEM画像を用いて実施例4と同様に真球度および平均粒径を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
PA4の濃度が5重量%である以外は実施例4と同様にしてポリアミド4微粒子を得た。得られたポリアミド4微粒子について実施例4と同様にSEM観察を行うと、図7に示すような球状粒子であった。またSEM画像を用いて実施例4と同様に真球度および平均粒径を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
耐圧容器に加えるPA4の重量平均分子量が約210,000であり、PA4の濃度が5重量%である以外は実施例4と同様にしてポリアミド4微粒子を得た。得られたポリアミド4微粒子について実施例4と同様にSEM観察を行うと、図8に示すような球状粒子であった。またSEM画像を用いて実施例4と同様に真球度および平均粒径を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (12)
- 少なくとも1つのアルキレン基と、少なくとも1つのアミド結合とを有する構造単位の繰り返しからなるとともに当該少なくとも1つのアルキレン基のそれぞれが炭素数1以上、5以下であるポリアミドからなり、真球度が80以上であることを特徴とするポリアミド微粒子。
- 平均粒子径が1μm以上、350μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリアミド微粒子。
- 重量平均分子量が30,000以上、800,000以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のポリアミド微粒子。
- 比表面積が20m2/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のポリアミド微粒子。
- 少なくとも1つのアルキレン基と、少なくとも1つのアミド結合とを有する構造単位の繰り返しからなるとともに当該少なくとも1つのアルキレン基のそれぞれが炭素数1以上、5以下であるポリアミドを熱水中に溶解する溶解工程と、
前記熱水を冷却して前記ポリアミドからなるポリアミド微粒子を析出させる析出工程とを含むことを特徴とするポリアミド微粒子の製造方法。 - 前記溶解工程において、前記熱水中の前記ポリアミドの濃度が0.1重量%以上、10重量%以下となるように前記熱水中に前記ポリアミドを溶解することを特徴とする請求項7に記載のポリアミド微粒子の製造方法。
- 前記溶解工程において、前記熱水中の前記ポリアミドの濃度が0.1重量%以上、3重量%以下となるように前記熱水中に前記ポリアミドを溶解することを特徴とする請求項7に記載のポリアミド微粒子の製造方法。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のポリアミド微粒子を含むことを特徴とする外用組成物。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のポリアミド微粒子を含有することを特徴とする塗料用組成物。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のポリアミド微粒子を含むことを特徴とするトナー用組成物。
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JPWO2017195705A1 (ja) | 2018-12-20 |
EP3438160A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
CN108699255A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
US20200231751A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
US11008421B2 (en) | 2021-05-18 |
EP3438160A4 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
JP6758370B2 (ja) | 2020-09-23 |
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