WO2017193664A1 - 汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法及系统 - Google Patents

汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2017193664A1
WO2017193664A1 PCT/CN2017/074036 CN2017074036W WO2017193664A1 WO 2017193664 A1 WO2017193664 A1 WO 2017193664A1 CN 2017074036 W CN2017074036 W CN 2017074036W WO 2017193664 A1 WO2017193664 A1 WO 2017193664A1
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exhaust gas
carbon monoxide
automobile
gas
harmful gases
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PCT/CN2017/074036
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English (en)
French (fr)
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崔翠翠
黄安武
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崔翠翠
黄安武
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Publication of WO2017193664A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017193664A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0857—Carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2086—Activating the catalyst by light, photo-catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/205—Other organic compounds not covered by B01D2252/00 - B01D2252/20494
    • B01D2252/2053—Other nitrogen compounds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/022—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting CO or CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, and particularly relates to a carbon monoxide treatment method in automobile exhaust gas and a carbon monoxide treatment system in automobile exhaust gas.
  • the emission of automobile exhaust is a matter of great concern to the society.
  • the exhaust gas emitted by automobiles contains various harmful gases including carbon monoxide (CO), which on the one hand cause environmental pollution and on the other hand cause harm to the human body.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • carbon monoxide in the automobile exhaust combines with hemoglobin in the blood 250 times faster than oxygen.
  • Carbon monoxide enters the blood circulation through the respiratory tract and forms a carboxyhemoglobin after affinity with hemoglobin, thereby weakening the function of blood to transport oxygen to tissues.
  • the central nervous system causes dysfunction such as human feelings, reactions, understanding, memory, etc., and the severe ones endanger the blood circulation system, leading to life-threatening. Therefore, even a slight inhalation of carbon monoxide may cause terrible anoxic damage.
  • the present invention aims to provide a carbon monoxide treatment method and system in automobile exhaust gas, which can effectively treat carbon monoxide in exhaust gas discharged in an over-limit manner in time, and reduce pollution of the exhaust gas to the environment and the human body. hurt.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a method for treating carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust gas comprising the following steps:
  • the invention also provides a carbon monoxide treatment system in automobile exhaust gas, comprising:
  • the detection module is used for real-time monitoring of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the automobile exhaust gas purifier, and analyzing the exhaust gas to obtain the types and contents of various harmful gases in the exhaust gas;
  • An identification module for identifying each harmful gas according to the type of harmful gas
  • the first judging module is configured to judge whether the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas exceeding the limit according to the content of various harmful gases
  • a second judging module configured to determine, according to the identifier, whether the harmful gas discharged from the exhaust gas contains only carbon monoxide according to the identifier
  • the carbon monoxide treatment module is configured to generate an absorption command by the second determination module to determine that the result is YES, and discharge the exhaust gas into the container having the carbon monoxide absorbent by the absorption instruction to perform carbon monoxide treatment.
  • Carbon monoxide treatment method in automobile exhaust gas of the present invention compared with prior art And the system, through the detection of the type and content of harmful gases contained in the automobile exhaust gas, and marking various harmful gases, according to the identification and content, the harmful gases discharged beyond the standard are separately treated, focusing on the treatment of carbon monoxide. Targeted treatment of harmful gases can effectively improve the efficiency of tail gas treatment, avoiding pollution caused by automobile exhaust and causing personal injury.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for treating carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a carbon monoxide treatment system in an automobile exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a carbon monoxide treatment method in an automobile exhaust gas includes the following steps:
  • step S101 the exhaust gas at the outlet of the automobile exhaust gas purifier is monitored in real time, and the exhaust gas is analyzed to obtain the type and content of various harmful gases in the exhaust gas.
  • the detection of off-gas in this step can utilize multiple gas detectors. Each gas detector can detect the type and content of harmful gases contained in the exhaust gas.
  • the gas detector includes at least one type for detecting A detector for the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust.
  • each harmful gas is identified according to the type of the harmful gas. Harmful gases can be identified based on the results detected by different gas detectors.
  • step S103 it is determined whether the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas that exceeds the limit according to the content of various harmful gases. If yes, it indicates that at least one harmful gas exists in the exhaust gas exceeds the national standard. At this time, step S104 is performed to realize the treatment of the exhaust gas discharged according to the mark. Otherwise, it means that the vehicle exhaust has no harmful gas or even rarely to be negligible. At this time, it returns to step S101 to continue monitoring.
  • step S104 if yes, it is determined according to the identifier whether the harmful gas discharged from the exhaust gas contains only carbon monoxide. If yes, it means that the exhaust gas has a higher content of carbon monoxide, and other harmful gases are within the standard range. At this time, step S105 is performed.
  • Step S105 if the result of the determination in step S104 is YES, that is, according to the identifier, it is determined that the harmful gas discharged from the exhaust gas contains only carbon monoxide, and an absorption command is generated, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the container having the carbon monoxide absorbent by the absorption instruction. Perform carbon monoxide treatment.
  • the carbon monoxide absorber may be a composition composed of a porous inorganic carrier and a binary complex of a nitride and copper chloride carried thereon, and the nitride in the composition may be It accounts for 0.5-0.8 molar ratio.
  • the inorganic carrier may be: porous ceramic, activated carbon or titanium oxide.
  • the nitride can be: pyridine and Composition and the like. The carbon monoxide absorbent can effectively absorb the oxidation in the exhaust gas.
  • the process of real-time monitoring of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the automobile exhaust gas purifier and analyzing the exhaust gas to obtain the kinds and contents of various harmful gases in the exhaust gas may include the following steps:
  • automobile exhaust gas usually contains various harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides.
  • harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides.
  • Each of these gases has a specific characteristic absorption band and characteristic frequency that is strongly absorbed when the infrared spectrum falls near the characteristic frequency band. Therefore, the infrared spectrum of the corresponding characteristic frequency can be used to detect the components of the harmful gas in the exhaust gas, and the amount of the absorbed external spectrum can detect the content of the corresponding gas.
  • the method may further include the step of sequentially filtering and amplifying the electrical signal.
  • the electrical signal can be filtered and amplified by the filtering circuit and the amplifying circuit respectively. After filtering and amplifying the electrical signal, the accuracy of the electrical signal detection can be effectively improved.
  • the step of discharging the exhaust gas into the container having the carbon monoxide absorbent in the step S105 for performing the carbon monoxide treatment may specifically include the following steps:
  • the current temperature can be obtained by placing a temperature sensor in a container having a carbon monoxide absorbent;
  • the speed of the exhaust gas is calculated based on the rotational speed of the automobile engine, the current temperature, and the concentration of carbon monoxide, and the absorption of carbon monoxide in the container is controlled according to the speed.
  • the following formula can be used to calculate the speed of exhaust emissions:
  • V CO is the speed at which the exhaust gas is discharged.
  • the speed of the exhaust gas is discharged into the container having the carbon monoxide absorbent;
  • r is the rotational speed of the automobile engine,
  • C is the concentration of carbon monoxide, and
  • T is the absorbent having carbon monoxide.
  • the current temperature in the container, a is a constant coefficient between 0.15 and 0.37.
  • the harmful gas discharged from the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas does not contain only carbon monoxide according to the label, that is, in addition to the nitric oxide in the exhaust gas, other harmful gases are also exceeded, and An absorption command and a catalytic reaction command are generated, and the vehicle exhaust gas is sequentially discharged into a vessel having a carbon monoxide absorbent and a photocatalytic reactor by the absorption command and the catalytic reaction command, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the exhaust gas may be passed through a photocatalytic reaction layer having a titanium dioxide and ultraviolet rays are used to absorb the nitride and sulfide.
  • the secondary treatment of automobile exhaust gas is generally performed.
  • the content of harmful substances in the automobile exhaust gas is generally low, so that nitrides and sulfides can be completely absorbed by the photocatalytic reaction.
  • oxygen can be supplied through an oxygen generator. In this step, a small amount of carbon monoxide can also be absorbed to further improve the treatment efficiency of carbon monoxide.
  • the gas is treated separately by treating the carbon monoxide and then treating other harmful gases, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment and better reducing the exhaust gas. harmful gas.
  • the following steps may be further included:
  • the separated nitrogen is discharged and the separated carbon dioxide is stored.
  • nitrogen gas may float above the carbon dioxide after being pressurized to a certain range.
  • the pressure treatment is carried out in a container having an opening at the upper end. When the pressure in the container is sufficient to separate the carbon dioxide and the nitrogen gas, the upper end opening is opened to discharge the nitrogen gas, so that carbon dioxide can be collected.
  • carbon dioxide emissions cause environmental pollution in the air, they can be used in industrial and agricultural production, so that carbon dioxide can be effectively utilized to avoid environmental pollution.
  • an alarm command and a display command may be generated, an early warning is issued according to the alarm command, and each harmful gas in the exhaust gas is displayed according to the display instruction and the mark.
  • the type and content are displayed.
  • the warning and display the content of harmful gases in the exhaust gas can be displayed more intuitively and timely. It is convenient for people to overhaul the engine through the warning and displayed content, and timely control the exhaust gas pollution environment.
  • the present invention also provides a carbon monoxide treatment system in an automobile exhaust gas, comprising:
  • the detecting module 101 is configured to perform real-time monitoring on the exhaust gas at the outlet of the automobile exhaust gas purifier, and analyze the exhaust gas to obtain the type and content of various harmful gases in the exhaust gas;
  • the identification module 102 is configured to identify each harmful gas according to the type of the harmful gas
  • the first judging module 103 is configured to determine, according to the content of various harmful gases, whether the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas that exceeds the limit emission;
  • the second judging module 104 is configured to determine, according to the identifier, whether the harmful gas discharged from the exhaust gas contains only carbon monoxide according to the identifier;
  • the carbon monoxide treatment module 105 is configured to generate an absorption command when the second determination module 104 determines that the result is YES, and discharge the exhaust gas into the container having the carbon monoxide absorbent by the absorption instruction to perform carbon monoxide treatment.
  • the carbon monoxide processing module may include:
  • a concentration calculation module configured to obtain infrared light intensity obtained after the infrared rays pass through the exhaust gas, and calculate a concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas according to the infrared light intensity
  • a parameter acquisition module for acquiring the rotational speed of the automobile engine and the current temperature in the container having the carbon monoxide absorbent in real time
  • a speed control module for determining a speed, a current temperature, and a temperature of the automobile engine
  • concentration of carbon oxides is calculated as the rate at which the exhaust gas is discharged, and the absorption of carbon monoxide in the container is controlled according to the speed.
  • the carbon monoxide treatment method and system in the automobile exhaust gas of the present invention mainly performs secondary treatment on the automobile exhaust gas, detects the type and content of the harmful gas contained in the automobile exhaust gas, and performs various harmful gases. Marking, according to the identification and content, the harmful gases discharged from the standard, especially carbon monoxide, are treated to achieve targeted treatment of harmful gases, which can effectively improve the efficiency of tail gas treatment and avoid the environmental pollution caused by vehicle exhaust when the automobile parts fail. Pollution and damage to people.
  • automobile exhaust gas purifiers in the embodiments of the present invention may be prior art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法及系统，所述方法包括如下步骤：对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量；根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识；根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气是否为超限排放的尾气；若是，则根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体是否只含有一氧化碳；若根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体只含有一氧化碳，则生成吸收指令，通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理。本发明能有效地对超限排放的汽车尾气进行及时处理，减少环境污染和人身伤害。

Description

汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车技术领域，具体涉及一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法及一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理系统。
背景技术
汽车尾气的排放是社会高度关注的问题，汽车排放的尾气中包含有一氧化碳(CO)在内的各种有害气体，这些气体一方面造成了环境污染，另一方面也会对人身造成伤害。
例如，汽车尾气中的一氧化碳与血液中的血红蛋白结合的速度比氧气快250倍，一氧化碳经呼吸道进入血液循环，与血红蛋白亲合后生成碳氧血红蛋白，从而削弱血液向各组织输送氧的功能，危害中枢神经系统，造成人的感觉、反应、理解、记忆力等机能障碍，重者危害血液循环系统，导致生命危险。所以，即使微量吸入一氧化碳，也可能给人造成可怕的缺氧性伤害。
因此，如何对超限排放的汽车尾气进行进一步处理以降低尾气对环境的污染程度和人身伤害，成为一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法及系统，能够有效地对超限排放的尾气中的一氧化碳进行及时处理，减少尾气对环境的污染和人身的伤害。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法，包括如下步骤：
对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量；
根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识；
根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气是否为超限排放的尾气；
若是，则根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体是否只含有一氧化碳；
若根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体只含有一氧化碳，则生成吸收指令，通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理。
本发明还提供一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理系统，包括：
检测模块，用于对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量；
标识模块，用于根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识；
第一判断模块，用于根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气是否为超限排放的尾气；
第二判断模块，用于将所述第一判断模块判断的结果为是时，则根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体是否只含有一氧化碳；
一氧化碳处理模块，用于当所述第二判断模块判断的结果为是时，生成吸收指令，通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理。
与现有技术相比，本发明的一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法 及系统，通过对汽车尾气中所含有的有害气体的种类及含量进行检测，并对各种有害气体进行标识，根据标识及含量将超标排放的有害气体进行分别处理，重点对一氧化碳进行处理，实现有针对性的处理有害气体，可有效的提高尾气处理的效率，避免汽车尾气对环境造成污染和对人身造成伤害。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例中一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明的实施例中处理汽车尾气的流程图；
图3为本发明的实施例中一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面，结合附图以及具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述：
汽车尾气经过净化器之后，其内包含的有害气体通常会处于标准状态，但是在发动机出现故障或者净化器出故障的情况下，可能会出现超标的尾气，本发明主要是针对尾气的二次处理。如图1所示，本实施例所述的一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S101，对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量。该步骤中对尾气进行检测可利用多个气体检测器。各气体检测器可分别检测出尾气中包含有害气体的种类及含量。该气体检测器至少包括一种用于检测 尾气中一氧化碳含量的检测器。
步骤S102，根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识。可根据不同的气体检测器检测出来的结果对有害气体进行标识。
步骤S103，根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气是否为超限排放的尾气。若是，则说明尾气中存在至少一种有害气体超过国家的标准，此时执行步骤S104，实现根据标识对超限排放的尾气进行处理。否则，说明汽车尾气无有害气体或者甚至很少至可以忽略，此时返回执行步骤S101进行继续监控。
步骤S104，若是，则根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体是否只含有一氧化碳。若是，则说明尾气中除了一氧化碳含量较高之外，其他有害气体均在标准范围内，此时执行步骤S105。
步骤S105，若步骤S104的判断结果为是，即根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体只含有一氧化碳，则生成吸收指令，通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理。
在一个实施例中，该一氧化碳吸收剂可为一种由多孔无机载体和其上所载有的氮化物和氯化铜的二元配合物构成的组合物，且所述组合物中氮化物可以占0.5-0.8摩尔比。此外，所述无机载体可以为：多孔陶瓷、活性炭或者氧化钛等。该氮化物可为:吡啶及
Figure PCTCN2017074036-appb-000001
的组合物等。该一氧化碳吸收剂可以有效吸收尾气中的一氧化。
作为优选的实施例，所述对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量的过程可以包括如下步骤：
通过红外线检测的方式对尾气进行实时监控；
根据被吸收的红外线的波长范围及被吸收的程度，生成相应的电信号；
根据该电信号分析得出有害气体的种类及含量。
由于汽车尾气中通常包含有一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、硫氧化合物、氮氧化合物等各种有害气体。而这些气体中每种气体具有特定的特征吸收谱带与特征频率，当红外光谱落在特征频率带附近的时候会被强烈的吸收。所以可通过相应特征频率的红外光谱来检测尾气中有害气体的成分，及被吸收的外光谱的量可以检测出相应气体的含量。
作为优选的实施例，在根据该电信号分析得出有害气体的种类及含量步骤之前，还可以包括如下步骤：将该电信号依次进行滤波及放大处理。具体可分别通过滤波电路及放大电路对电信号进行滤波及放大处理。通过对电信号进行滤波及放大处理后，可以有效的提高电信号检测的准确度。
作为一个较好的实施例，所述步骤S105中将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理的过程具体可以包括如下步骤：
获取红外线穿过尾气后所得到的红外光强度，并根据所述红外光强度计算尾气中一氧化碳的浓度；
实时获取汽车发动机的转速以及所述具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度；可以通过在具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中放置一个温度传感器来获取到所述当前温度；
根据所述汽车发动机的转速、当前温度和一氧化碳的浓度计算尾气排放的速度，并根据所述速度来控制一氧化碳在容器中的吸收。本实施例中，可以采用如下公式来计算尾气排放的速度：
Figure PCTCN2017074036-appb-000002
上式中，VCO为尾气排放的速度，本发明中特指尾气排放到具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的速度；r为汽车发动机的转速，C为一氧化碳的浓度，T为具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度，a为常数系数，介于0.15-0.37之间。通过控制尾气排放到具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的速度，使得一氧化碳能够在具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中被一氧化碳吸收剂更完全的吸收，从而提高一氧化碳处理的效率。特别的，经过大量的实验数据证明，当a的值取为0.2时，一氧化碳处理的效率最佳。
作为优选的实施例，若根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体中并非只含有一氧化碳时，即此时尾气中除了一氧化氮之外，还有其他有害气体也超标，则可以同时生成吸收指令及催化反应指令，通过该吸收指令及催化反应指令将汽车尾气依次排放中具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器及光催化反应器进行处理，如图2所示。本发明实施例中，在经过一氧化碳处理之后，还可以将尾气通过具有二氧化钛光催化反应层并利用紫外灯发射紫外线对氮化物及硫化物进行吸收，由 于本实施例是针对汽车尾气的二次处理，通常汽车尾气中的有害物质的含量通常较低，所以通过光催化反应之后可以彻底将氮化物及硫化物吸收。为了加强对氮化物及硫化物的吸收，通常需要通入氧气，该氧气可通过一制氧设备提供，此步骤中同样可以吸收少量的一氧化碳，进一步提升一氧化碳的处理效率。
本实施例中通过对所有有害气体的含量均超标的情况进行处理，通过先处理一氧化碳再处理其他有害气体实现对气体分别进行处理，可以有效的提高尾气处理的效率，更好地降低尾气中的有害气体。
作为优选的实施例，在根据所述标识对尾气进行处理之后，还可以包括如下步骤：
对已经处理过的汽车尾气进行收集，并进行加压至将尾气中的二氧化碳及氮气进行分离；
将分离后的氮气排放出去，并存储分离出来的二氧化碳。
本实施例中由于氮气的密度比二氧化碳小，经过加压至一定范围之后氮气会浮于二氧化碳至上。如此通过一上端有开口的容器中进行加压处理，当容器中的压强足够将二氧化碳及氮气分离时，将上端开口打开将氮气排放出去，从而可以收集二氧化碳。虽然二氧化碳排放在空气中会造成环境污染，但是其可以用于工农业生产，如此可以有效对二氧化碳进行合理利用，避免污染环境。
作为优选的实施例，根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气为超限排放的尾气时，可以生成报警指令及显示指令，根据报警指令进行预警，并根据显示指令及标识对尾气中各有害气体的种类及含量进行显示。 通过预警及显示，可以使得尾气中有害气体的含量更直观及时地展示。便于人们通过该预警及显示的内容对发动机进行检修，及时控制尾气污染环境。
参照图3，与上述汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法相对应，本发明还提供一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理系统，包括：
检测模块101，用于对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量；
标识模块102，用于根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识；
第一判断模块103，用于根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气是否为超限排放的尾气；
第二判断模块104，用于将所述第一判断模块判断的结果为是时，则根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体是否只含有一氧化碳；
一氧化碳处理模块105，用于当所述第二判断模块104判断的结果为是时，生成吸收指令，通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理。
作为一个较好的实施例，所述一氧化碳处理模块可以包括：
浓度计算模块，用于获取红外线穿过尾气后所得到的红外光强度，并根据所述红外光强度计算尾气中一氧化碳的浓度；
参数获取模块，用于实时获取汽车发动机的转速以及所述具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度；
速度控制模块，用于根据所述汽车发动机的转速、当前温度和一 氧化碳的浓度计算尾气排放的速度，并根据所述速度来控制一氧化碳在容器中的吸收。
上述一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理系统的其它技术特征与本发明一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法相同，此处不予赘述。
综上所述，本发明的汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法及系统主要对汽车尾气进行二次处理，通过对汽车尾气中所含有的有害气体的种类及含量进行检测，并对各种有害气体进行标识，根据标识及含量将超标排放的有害气体特别是一氧化碳进行处理，从而实现有针对性的处理有害气体，可有效的提高尾气处理的效率，避免由于汽车零件出现故障时车尾气对环境造成的污染和对人身造成的伤害。
需要说明的是，本发明的各实施例中所的汽车尾气净化器均可为现有技术。
对本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思，做出其它各种相应的改变以及形变，而所有的这些改变以及形变都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量；
    根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识；
    根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气是否为超限排放的尾气；
    若是，则根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体是否只含有一氧化碳；
    若根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体只含有一氧化碳，则生成吸收指令，通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理；
    所述一氧化碳吸收剂为由多孔无机载体和其上所载有的氮化物和氯化铜的二元配合物构成的组合物，且该组合物中氮化物占0.5-0.8摩尔比；所述无机载体包括：多孔陶瓷、活性炭或者氧化钛；所述氮化物为吡啶及
    Figure PCTCN2017074036-appb-100001
    的组合物；
    所述将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理的过程包括：
    获取红外线穿过尾气后所得到的红外光强度，并根据所述红外光强度计算尾气中一氧化碳的浓度；
    实时获取汽车发动机的转速以及所述具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度；
    根据汽车发动机的转速、当前温度和一氧化碳的浓度计算尾气排放的速度，并根据所述速度来控制一氧化碳在容器中的吸收；
    采用如下公式来计算尾气排放的速度：
    Figure PCTCN2017074036-appb-100002
    上式中，VCO为尾气排放的速度；r为汽车发动机的转速，C为一氧化碳的浓度，T为具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度，a为常数系数，取值范围0.15-0.37。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法，其特征在于，所述对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量的过程包括：
    通过红外线检测的方式对尾气进行实时监控；
    根据被吸收的红外线的波长范围及被吸收的程度，生成相应的电信号；
    根据该电信号分析得出有害气体的种类及含量。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法，其特征在于，在根据该电信号分析得出有害气体的种类及含量步骤之前，还包括将该电信号依次进行滤波及放大处理的步骤。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法，其特征在于，若根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体中并非只含有一氧化碳时，则同时生成吸收指令及催化反应指令，通过该吸收指令及催化反应指令将汽车尾气依次排放中具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器及光催化反应器进行处理。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法，其特征在于，在对尾气进行处理之后，还包括：
    对已经处理过的汽车尾气进行收集，并进行加压至将尾气中的二氧化碳及氮气进行分离；
    将分离后的氮气排放出去，并存储分离出来的二氧化碳。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理方法，其特征在于，根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气为超限排放的尾气时，生成报警指令及显示指令，根据报警指令进行预警，并根据显示指令及标识对尾气中各有害气体的种类及含量进行显示。
  7. 一种汽车尾气中的一氧化碳处理系统，其特征在于，包括：
    检测模块，用于对汽车尾气净化器出口的尾气进行实时监控，并对尾气进行分析获取尾气中各种有害气体的种类及含量；
    标识模块，用于根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识；
    第一判断模块，用于根据各种有害气体的含量判断尾气是否为超限排放的尾气；
    第二判断模块，用于将所述第一判断模块判断的结果为是时，则根据所述标识判断尾气中超限排放的有害气体是否只含有一氧化碳；
    一氧化碳处理模块，用于当所述第二判断模块判断的结果为是时，生成吸收指令，通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理；
    所述一氧化碳处理模块包括：
    浓度计算模块，用于获取红外线穿过尾气后所得到的红外光强 度，并根据所述红外光强度计算尾气中一氧化碳的浓度；
    参数获取模块，用于实时获取汽车发动机的转速以及所述具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度；
    速度控制模块，用于根据所述汽车发动机的转速、当前温度和一氧化碳的浓度计算尾气排放的速度，并根据所述速度来控制一氧化碳在容器中的吸收；
    采用如下公式来计算尾气排放的速度：
    Figure PCTCN2017074036-appb-100003
    上式中，VCO为尾气排放的速度；r为汽车发动机的转速，C为一氧化碳的浓度，T为具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度，a为常数系数，取值范围0.15-0.37；
    所述一氧化碳吸收剂为由多孔无机载体和其上所载有的氮化物和氯化铜的二元配合物构成的组合物，且该组合物中氮化物占0.5-0.8摩尔比；所述无机载体包括：多孔陶瓷、活性炭或者氧化钛；所述氮化物为吡啶及
    Figure PCTCN2017074036-appb-100004
    的组合物。
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