WO2017193665A1 - 处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法 - Google Patents

处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法 Download PDF

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WO2017193665A1
WO2017193665A1 PCT/CN2017/074042 CN2017074042W WO2017193665A1 WO 2017193665 A1 WO2017193665 A1 WO 2017193665A1 CN 2017074042 W CN2017074042 W CN 2017074042W WO 2017193665 A1 WO2017193665 A1 WO 2017193665A1
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exhaust gas
carbon monoxide
absorption
gas
command
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PCT/CN2017/074042
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄方元
黄安武
黄海艳
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黄方元
黄安武
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0857Carbon oxides
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/70Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/22Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in non-catalytic purification apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/022Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting CO or CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, and in particular to a method for treating carbon monoxide in exhaust gas.
  • the emission of automobile exhaust is a matter of great concern to the society.
  • the exhaust gas emitted by automobiles contains various harmful gases including carbon monoxide (CO), which on the one hand cause environmental pollution and on the other hand cause harm to the human body.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • carbon monoxide in the automobile exhaust combines with hemoglobin in the blood 250 times faster than oxygen.
  • Carbon monoxide enters the blood circulation through the respiratory tract and forms a carboxyhemoglobin after affinity with hemoglobin, thereby weakening the function of blood to transport oxygen to tissues.
  • the central nervous system causes dysfunction such as human feelings, reactions, understanding, memory, etc., and the severe ones endanger the blood circulation system, leading to life-threatening. Therefore, even a slight inhalation of carbon monoxide may cause terrible anoxic damage.
  • the present invention aims to provide a method for treating carbon monoxide in exhaust gas, which can effectively treat carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust gas in time, and reduce environmental pollution and personal injury of exhaust gas.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a method of treating carbon monoxide in exhaust gas comprising the steps of:
  • the vehicle exhaust gas is monitored and controlled in real time by infrared detection, and the corresponding electrical signal is generated according to the wavelength range of the absorbed infrared light and the degree of absorption;
  • an absorption command is generated by which the exhaust gas is discharged into a vessel having a carbon monoxide absorbent for carbon monoxide treatment.
  • the method for treating carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas of the present invention detects the kinds of harmful gases contained in the exhaust gas of the automobile, identifies various harmful gases, and determines whether or not carbon monoxide is contained according to the label. If the exhaust gas is discharged into a container having a carbon monoxide absorbent for carbon monoxide treatment, the present invention realizes targeted treatment of carbon monoxide in the automobile exhaust gas, can effectively improve the efficiency of exhaust gas treatment, and avoid pollution of the automobile exhaust gas to the environment and Personal injury.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for treating carbon monoxide in exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of processing automobile exhaust in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method for treating carbon monoxide in exhaust gas includes the following steps:
  • Step S101 real-time monitoring of the automobile exhaust by means of infrared detection, and generating a corresponding electrical signal according to the wavelength range of the absorbed infrared light and the degree of absorption.
  • step S102 the electrical signals are sequentially filtered and amplified.
  • the electrical signal can be filtered and amplified by the filtering circuit and the amplifying circuit respectively.
  • Step S103 acquiring the type of the harmful gas in the amplified electrical signal, and identifying each harmful gas according to the type of the harmful gas, so as to distinguish different harmful gases.
  • automobile exhaust gas usually contains various harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides.
  • harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides.
  • Each of these gases has a specific characteristic absorption band and characteristic frequency that is strongly absorbed when the infrared spectrum falls near the characteristic frequency band. Therefore, the composition of the harmful gas in the exhaust gas can be detected by the infrared spectrum of the corresponding characteristic frequency.
  • Step S104 determining whether the harmful gas in the exhaust gas contains carbon monoxide according to the identifier. If yes, step S105 can be performed at this time.
  • Step S105 if the result of the determination in step S104 is YES, that is, it is determined according to the identifier that the harmful gas in the exhaust gas contains carbon monoxide, an absorption command is generated, and the absorption command is adopted.
  • the exhaust gas is discharged into a vessel having a carbon monoxide absorbent for carbon monoxide treatment.
  • the carbon monoxide absorber may be a composition composed of a porous inorganic carrier and a binary complex of a nitride and copper chloride carried thereon, and the nitride in the composition may be It accounts for 0.3-0.7 molar ratio.
  • the inorganic carrier may be: porous ceramic, activated carbon or titanium oxide.
  • the nitride can be: pyridine and Composition and the like. The carbon monoxide absorbent can effectively absorb the oxidation in the exhaust gas.
  • the step of discharging the exhaust gas into the container having the carbon monoxide absorbent in the step S104 for performing the carbon monoxide treatment may specifically include the following steps:
  • the current temperature can be obtained by placing a temperature sensor in a container having a carbon monoxide absorbent;
  • the speed of the exhaust gas is calculated based on the rotational speed of the automobile engine, the current temperature, and the concentration of carbon monoxide, and the absorption of carbon monoxide in the container is controlled according to the speed.
  • the following formula can be used to calculate the speed of exhaust emissions:
  • V CO is the speed at which the exhaust gas is discharged, and in the present invention, the speed at which the exhaust gas is discharged into the container having the carbon monoxide absorbent; r is the rotational speed of the automobile engine, C is the concentration of carbon monoxide, and T is the absorbent having carbon monoxide.
  • the current temperature in the container, a is the unit conversion factor, between 0.25-0.47.
  • the absorption command may be simultaneously generated. And the catalytic reaction command, through the absorption command and the catalytic reaction command, the automobile exhaust gas is sequentially discharged into a container having a carbon monoxide absorbent and a photocatalytic reactor, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the exhaust gas may also pass through the photocatalytic reaction layer having the titanium dioxide and emit ultraviolet rays to absorb the nitride and the sulfide, because the embodiment is for the secondary treatment of the automobile exhaust gas.
  • the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gas of the automobile is usually low, so that the nitride and the sulfide can be completely absorbed by the photocatalytic reaction.
  • the oxygen can be supplied through an oxygen generator. In this step, a small amount of carbon monoxide can also be absorbed to further improve the treatment efficiency of carbon monoxide.
  • the gas is treated separately by treating the carbon monoxide and then treating other harmful gases, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment and better reducing the exhaust gas. harmful gas.
  • the separated nitrogen is discharged and the separated carbon dioxide is stored.
  • nitrogen gas may float above the carbon dioxide after being pressurized to a certain range.
  • the pressure treatment is carried out in a container having an opening at the upper end. When the pressure in the container is sufficient to separate the carbon dioxide and the nitrogen gas, the upper end opening is opened to discharge the nitrogen gas, so that carbon dioxide can be collected.
  • carbon dioxide emissions cause environmental pollution in the air, they can be used in industrial and agricultural production, so that carbon dioxide can be effectively utilized to avoid environmental pollution.
  • an alarm command and a display command are generated, an early warning is performed according to the alarm command, and the display is performed at a corresponding position of the dashboard of the automobile according to the display instruction.
  • early warning and display people can timely and intuitively understand the carbon monoxide information, so that people can overhaul the engine through the warning and display content, and timely control the exhaust gas pollution environment.
  • the method for treating carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas detects the kinds of harmful gases contained in the exhaust gas of the automobile, and identifies various harmful gases, and judges whether or not the Carbon monoxide, if it is discharged into a vessel having a carbon monoxide absorbent for carbon monoxide treatment, the embodiment of the invention realizes targeted treatment of carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust gas, can effectively improve the efficiency of exhaust gas treatment, and avoid automobile exhaust gas to the environment. Causes pollution and personal injury.

Abstract

一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,包括如下步骤:通过红外线检测的方式对汽车尾气进行实时监控,并根据被吸收的红外线的波长范围及被吸收的程度,生成相应的电信号;对电信号依次进行滤波及放大处理;获取放大处理后的电信号中有害气体的种类,并根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识;根据标识判断尾气中的有害气体是否含有一氧化碳;若是,则生成吸收指令,通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理。该方法能有效地对汽车尾气中的一氧化碳进行及时处理,减少环境污染和人身伤害。

Description

处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车技术领域,具体涉及一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法。
背景技术
汽车尾气的排放是社会高度关注的问题,汽车排放的尾气中包含有一氧化碳(CO)在内的各种有害气体,这些气体一方面造成了环境污染,另一方面也会对人身造成伤害。
例如,汽车尾气中的一氧化碳与血液中的血红蛋白结合的速度比氧气快250倍,一氧化碳经呼吸道进入血液循环,与血红蛋白亲合后生成碳氧血红蛋白,从而削弱血液向各组织输送氧的功能,危害中枢神经系统,造成人的感觉、反应、理解、记忆力等机能障碍,重者危害血液循环系统,导致生命危险。所以,即使微量吸入一氧化碳,也可能给人造成可怕的缺氧性伤害。
因此,如何对汽车尾气进行进一步处理以降低尾气对环境的污染程度和人身伤害,成为一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,能够有效地对汽车尾气中的一氧化碳进行及时处理,减少尾气对环境的污染和人身的伤害。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,包括如下步骤:
通过红外线检测的方式对汽车尾气进行实时监控控,并根据被吸收的红外线的波长范围及被吸收的程度,生成相应的电信号;
对所述电信号依次进行滤波及放大处理;
获取所述放大处理后的电信号中有害气体的种类,并根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识;
根据所述标识判断尾气中的有害气体是否含有一氧化碳;
若是,则生成吸收指令,通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理。
与现有技术相比,本发明的一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,通过对汽车尾气中所含有的有害气体的种类进行检测,并对各种有害气体进行标识,根据标识判断是否含有一氧化碳,若是则将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理,本发明实现了有针对性的处理汽车尾气中的一氧化碳,可有效的提高尾气处理的效率,避免汽车尾气对环境造成污染和对人身造成伤害。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例中一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法的流程示意图;
图2为本发明的实施例中处理汽车尾气的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面,结合附图以及具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述:
汽车尾气经过净化器之后,其内包含的有害气体通常会处于标准状态,但是在发动机出现故障或者净化器出故障的情况下,可能会出现超标的尾气,本发明主要是针对尾气的二次处理。如图1所示,本实施例所述的一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S101,通过红外线检测的方式对汽车尾气进行实时监控,并根据被吸收的红外线的波长范围及被吸收的程度,生成相应的电信号。
步骤S102,对所述电信号依次进行滤波及放大处理。具体可分别通过滤波电路及放大电路对电信号进行滤波及放大处理。
步骤S103,获取所述放大处理后的电信号中有害气体的种类,并根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识,以便于对不同的有害气体进行区分。
由于汽车尾气中通常包含有一氧化氮、碳氢化合物、硫氧化合物、氮氧化合物等各种有害气体。而这些气体中每种气体具有特定的特征吸收谱带与特征频率,当红外光谱落在特征频率带附近的时候会被强烈的吸收。所以可通过相应特征频率的红外光谱来检测尾气中有害气体的成分。
步骤S104,根据所述标识判断尾气中的有害气体是否含有一氧化碳。若是,则此时可以执行步骤S105。
步骤S105,若步骤S104的判断结果为是,即根据所述标识判断尾气中的有害气体含有一氧化碳,则生成吸收指令,通过该吸收指令 将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理。
在一个实施例中,该一氧化碳吸收剂可为一种由多孔无机载体和其上所载有的氮化物和氯化铜的二元配合物构成的组合物,且所述组合物中氮化物可以占0.3-0.7摩尔比。此外,所述无机载体可以为:多孔陶瓷、活性炭或者氧化钛等。该氮化物可为:吡啶及
Figure PCTCN2017074042-appb-000001
的组合物等。该一氧化碳吸收剂可以有效吸收尾气中的一氧化。
作为一个较好的实施例,所述步骤S104中将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理的过程具体可以包括如下步骤:
获取红外线穿过尾气后所得到的红外光强度,并根据所述红外光强度计算尾气中一氧化碳的浓度;
实时获取汽车发动机的转速以及所述具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度;可以通过在具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中放置一个温度传感器来获取到所述当前温度;
根据所述汽车发动机的转速、当前温度和一氧化碳的浓度计算尾气排放的速度,并根据所述速度来控制一氧化碳在容器中的吸收。本实施例中,可以采用如下公式来计算尾气排放的速度:
Figure PCTCN2017074042-appb-000002
上式中,VCO为尾气排放的速度,本发明中特指尾气排放到具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的的速度;r为汽车发动机的转速,C为一 氧化碳的浓度,T为具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度,a为单位转换系数,介于0.25-0.47之间。通过控制尾气排放到具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的的速度,使得一氧化碳能够在具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中被一氧化碳吸收剂更完全的吸收,从而提高一氧化碳处理的效率。特别的,经过大量的实验数据证明,当a的值取为0.4时,一氧化碳处理的效率最佳。
作为优选的实施例,若根据所述标识判断尾气中的有害气体中并非只含有一氧化碳时,即此时尾气中除了一氧化氮之外,还有其他有害气体也超标,则可以同时生成吸收指令及催化反应指令,通过该吸收指令及催化反应指令将汽车尾气依次排放中具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器及光催化反应器进行处理,如图2所示。本发明实施例中,在经过一氧化碳处理之后,还可以将尾气通过具有二氧化钛光催化反应层并利用紫外灯发射紫外线对氮化物及硫化物进行吸收,由于本实施例是针对汽车尾气的二次处理,通常汽车尾气中的有害物质的含量通常较低,所以通过光催化反应之后可以彻底将氮化物及硫化物吸收。为了加强对氮化物及硫化物的吸收,通常需要通入氧气,该氧气可通过一制氧设备提供,此步骤中同样可以吸收少量的一氧化碳,进一步提升一氧化碳的处理效率。
上述实施例中通过对所有有害气体的含量均超标的情况进行处理,通过先处理一氧化碳再处理其他有害气体实现对气体分别进行处理,可以有效的提高尾气处理的效率,更好地降低尾气中的有害气体。
作为优选的实施例,在根据所述标识对尾气进行处理之后,还可 以包括如下步骤:
对已经处理过的汽车尾气进行收集,并进行加压至将尾气中的二氧化碳及氮气进行分离;
将分离后的氮气排放出去,并存储分离出来的二氧化碳。
本实施例中由于氮气的密度比二氧化碳小,经过加压至一定范围之后氮气会浮于二氧化碳至上。如此通过一上端有开口的容器中进行加压处理,当容器中的压强足够将二氧化碳及氮气分离时,将上端开口打开将氮气排放出去,从而可以收集二氧化碳。虽然二氧化碳排放在空气中会造成环境污染,但是其可以用于工农业生产,如此可以有效对二氧化碳进行合理利用,避免污染环境。
作为优选的实施例,在根据所述标识判断尾气中的有害气体含有一氧化碳时,生成报警指令及显示指令,根据报警指令进行预警,并根据显示指令在汽车仪表盘的相应位置进行显示。通过预警及显示,可以让人们及时并直观了解到一氧化碳信息,便于人们通过该预警及显示的内容对发动机进行检修,及时控制尾气污染环境。
通过以上方案可以看出,本发明实施例的一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,通过对汽车尾气中所含有的有害气体的种类进行检测,并对各种有害气体进行标识,根据标识判断是否含有一氧化碳,若是则将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理,本发明实施例实现了有针对性的处理汽车尾气中的一氧化碳,可有效的提高尾气处理的效率,避免汽车尾气对环境造成污染和对人身造成伤害。
对本领域的技术人员来说,可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思,做出其它各种相应的改变以及形变,而所有的这些改变以及形变都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    通过红外线检测的方式对汽车尾气进行实时监控控,并根据被吸收的红外线的波长范围及被吸收的程度,生成相应的电信号;
    分别通过滤波电路及放大电路对所述电信号进行滤波及放大处理;
    获取所述放大处理后的电信号中有害气体的种类,并根据有害气体的种类对各有害气体进行标识;
    根据所述标识判断尾气中的有害气体是否含有一氧化碳;
    若是,则生成吸收指令,通过该吸收指令将尾气排放至具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中进行一氧化碳处理;具体包括:获取红外线穿过尾气后所得到的红外光强度,并根据所述红外光强度计算尾气中一氧化碳的浓度;实时获取汽车发动机的转速以及所述具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器中的当前温度;根据所述汽车发动机的转速、当前温度和一氧化碳的浓度计算尾气排放的速度,并根据所述速度来控制一氧化碳在容器中的吸收;其中,采用如下公式来计算所述尾气排放的速度:
    Figure PCTCN2017074042-appb-100001
    式中,VCO为尾气排放的速度,r为汽车发动机的转速,C为一氧化碳的浓度,T为当前温度,a为单位转换系数,取值范围为0.25-0.47;
    在对尾气进行处理之后,对已经处理过的汽车尾气进行收集,并进行加压至将尾气中的二氧化碳及氮气进行分离;
    将分离后的氮气排放出去,并存储分离出来的二氧化碳。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,其特征在于,所述一氧化碳吸收剂为由多孔无机载体和其上所载有的氮化物和氯化铜的二元配合物构成的组合物,且该组合物中氮化物占0.3-0.7摩尔比;所述无机载体包括:多孔陶瓷、活性炭或者氧化钛;所述氮化物为吡啶及
    Figure PCTCN2017074042-appb-100002
    的组合物。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,其特征在于,若根据所述标识判断尾气中的有害气体中并非只含有一氧化碳时,则同时生成吸收指令及催化反应指令,通过该吸收指令及催化反应指令将汽车尾气依次排放中具有一氧化碳吸收剂的容器及光催化反应器进行处理。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的处理尾气中一氧化碳的方法,其特征在于,在根据所述标识判断尾气中的有害气体含有一氧化碳时,生成报警指令及显示指令,根据报警指令进行预警,并根据显示指令在汽车仪表盘的相应位置进行显示。
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