WO2017179691A1 - 血糖値低下用又はgi値低減用の食品組成物又は組み合わせ - Google Patents
血糖値低下用又はgi値低減用の食品組成物又は組み合わせ Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/109—Types of pasta, e.g. macaroni or noodles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/14—Yeasts or derivatives thereof
- A23L33/145—Extracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
- A61K36/062—Ascomycota
- A61K36/064—Saccharomycetales, e.g. baker's yeast
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a food composition or a combination for lowering blood glucose level or reducing GI level.
- Blood glucose level control The blood glucose level is the concentration of glucose (glucose) in the blood.
- the blood glucose level in humans is kept within a very narrow range of normal values by hormones such as insulin that lowers blood glucose level, glucagon that increases blood glucose level, adrenaline, cortisol, and growth hormone.
- hormones such as insulin that lowers blood glucose level, glucagon that increases blood glucose level, adrenaline, cortisol, and growth hormone.
- glucose in the body is important as an energy source, high concentrations of glucose cause a saccharification reaction that damages microvessels and is harmful to the body. Therefore, the concentration (blood glucose level) of insulin is always kept within a certain range. ing.
- brewer's yeast contains substances having blood glucose-reducing properties.
- the substance is a quinoline derivative (molecular weight 174) having a chromium binding ability (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-86379).
- Eden et al. Have described that yeast extract derived from brewer's yeast enhances glucose uptake into adipocytes by insulin in a study using rat adipocytes in vitro (N. Edens, et al. : J Nutr. 2002 Jun; 132 (6): 1141-1148).
- the data in this document is only in vitro data, and the effects when actually administered to animals are not clarified.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-2901076 has an effect of suppressing an increase in blood glucose level in a mouse fed with a high fat powder diet by a dry yeast extract obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing 2.5% by weight or more of glutathione per dry cell. It is described.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-19402 is a method of combining ingredients using a plurality of ingredients including high GI ingredients, and is based on the total sugar mass obtained by summing the sugar masses of the ingredients constituting the ingredients. It describes that the ratio of each ingredient contained in the plurality of ingredients to be combined is determined based on the ratio of the sugar mass of the high GI ingredient contained in the plurality of ingredients. This is based on the idea of combining a high GI food and a low GI food to reduce the total sugar mass. The following knowledge about food and beverages has been obtained.
- Resistant Starch is a starch and degradation product that is resistant to the digestive action of digestive enzymes and is not digested and absorbed in the small intestine of a healthy person.
- RS is known to have an intestinal environment improving action, a blood sugar rise inhibiting action, a cholesterol lowering action, a lipid metabolism improving action and the like.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-84684 describes udon containing starch with a high RS content.
- RS-containing foods, such as noodles are not always satisfying in taste and texture, such as powdery and sloppy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a food composition or a combination for lowering blood glucose level or reducing GI level.
- the combination of the food composition having a remarkable blood glucose level lowering action and a GI value lowering action by combining the yeast extract-containing food composition derived from the genus Saccharomyces yeast of the present invention with a food composition mainly composed of cereal grains. Succeeded in providing.
- this invention includes the following aspects [Aspect 1] A food composition for lowering blood glucose level, comprising a yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast. [Aspect 2] A food composition for reducing a GI value, comprising a yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast. [Aspect 3] The food composition according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the yeast extract contains 0.001 wt% or more and 5.0 wt% or less when converted to a dry yeast extract. [Aspect 4] The food composition according to any one of aspects 1-3, wherein the Saccharomyces yeast belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- a method for enhancing the blood sugar level-lowering effect of the food which comprises adding a yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast to the food composition.
- the method to reduce the GI value of the said food including containing the yeast extract of Saccharomyces genus yeast in a food composition.
- the food composition mainly comprising cereal is rice, noodles, rice cakes, bread, okonomiyaki, takoyaki, monja-yaki, pizza, tortilla, dim sum, Chinese bun, chijimi, cereal food or confectionery .
- a method for enhancing the blood glucose level-lowering action of both food compositions comprising combining the food composition according to any one of Embodiments 1-4 and a food composition containing cereal as a main raw material.
- a method for reducing the GI value of both food compositions comprising combining the food composition according to any one of aspects 1-4 and a food composition mainly composed of grains.
- a noodle for lowering blood glucose level which is produced by a method comprising a resistant starch and comprising a mixing step by vacuum mixing.
- a method for reducing the GI value of noodles comprising: adding a resistant starch to the noodles, and producing the noodles by a method including a mixing step by vacuum mixing.
- the food composition of the present invention exhibits a remarkable blood glucose level reducing action and GI value reducing action by containing a yeast extract derived from Saccharomyces yeast.
- the combination of the present invention combines a yeast extract-containing food composition derived from the genus Saccharomyces yeast of the present invention with a food composition containing cereal as a main raw material, thereby significantly reducing blood glucose levels and reducing GI levels. Indicates.
- the combination of the present invention can obtain a remarkable effect by combining a plurality of mechanisms relating to blood glucose level reduction and GI level reduction.
- a low GI food composition using a resistant starch, such as noodles had a problem that the texture was dull.
- the yeast extract derived from the genus Saccharomyces is put into, for example, noodle soup, thereby reducing the amount of resistant starch contained in the noodle and contributing to the flavor and taste of the soup As a whole, it has become possible to provide noodle dishes having a low GI and a good texture. Further, for example, by adding a yeast extract derived from the genus Saccharomyces to an additive source for okonomiyaki, okonomiyaki having a reduced GI value could be provided. Furthermore, by adding white dashi containing yeast extract derived from Saccharomyces yeast to cooked rice, a significant GI value reduction effect was observed as compared with the case where white dashi not containing yeast extract was added.
- FIG. 1 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of “reduced udon” ⁇ “no yeast extract added” in Example 1 (No. 1 in Table 1).
- FIG. 2 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of “RS decompression udon” ⁇ “no yeast extract added” in Example 1 (No. 2 in Table 1) (No. 1 in Table 4).
- 3 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of “reduced udon” ⁇ “yeast extract NYP addition” in Example 1 (No. 3 in Table 1).
- 4 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of “RS decompression udon” ⁇ “yeast extract NYP addition” in Example 1 (No. 4 in Table 1) (No. 2 in Table 4).
- FIG. 4 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of “RS decompression udon” ⁇ “yeast extract NYP addition” in Example 1 (No. 4 in Table 1) (No. 2 in Table 4).
- Example 5 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of “normal pressure udon” ⁇ “no yeast extract added” in Example 1 (comparative example in Table 1).
- 10 panelists who were well trained gave each evaluation item 1 (bad) to 5 (good), and sensory evaluation was carried out in 5 grades.
- the average of the evaluation points was obtained.
- the average value of the obtained stickiness value and elasticity value was defined as viscoelasticity.
- the vertical axis represents viscoelasticity and the horizontal axis represents smoothness.
- RS-rich decompression udon No. 1 in Table 3
- indigestible dextrin-rich decompression udon No.
- FIG. 10 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of “RS decompression udon” ⁇ “aromild (registered trademark)” in Example 3 (No. 6 in Table 4).
- FIG. 11 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of “RS decompression udon” ⁇ “yeast extract 21-TF)” in Example 3 (No. 7 in Table 4).
- FIG. 12 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of fraction 1 in Example 4.
- FIG. 13 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of fraction 2 in Example 4.
- FIG. 14 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of fraction 3 in Example 4.
- FIG. 15 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of fraction 4 in Example 4.
- FIG. 16 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of BCAA in Example 4.
- FIG. 17 shows changes in blood glucose level over time in the case of the nucleic acid in Example 4.
- FIG. 18 shows changes in blood glucose level over time for test meal 1 (present invention) and test meal 2 (comparative example) in Example 5.
- the present invention relates to a food composition for lowering blood glucose level, which contains a yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast.
- the present invention also relates to a food composition for reducing GI value, which contains a yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast.
- the yeast extract contained in the food composition of the present invention is a yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces.
- Saccharomyces yeast is a yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces and used mainly for bread fermentation, wine or beer brewing. Preferably, it belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (also referred to as “baker yeast” or “budding yeast”).
- yeast extract refers to an extract extracted from a useful component of yeast by treatment with autolysis, enzymes, hot water or the like.
- the extraction method of the yeast extract is not particularly limited, and for example, it is extracted by a method such as hot water extraction, enzymatic degradation extraction, or autolysis extraction.
- yeast extracts are not food additives, but are classified as foods, like soy sauce and kelp extract.
- Yeast extract contains amino acids, nucleic acid-related substances, minerals, and vitamins as main components, and contains more nucleic acids, types that contain almost no nucleic acids and only amino acids, and contains both nucleic acids and amino acids in a balanced manner. There are types to do. As for the yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces, it was found that any type has a blood glucose level lowering effect (including a GI level lowering effect) (Example 3).
- the yeast extract of the present invention is not derived from a high glutathione-containing yeast.
- the “high glutathione-containing yeast” is, for example, “Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing 2.5% by weight or more of glutathione per dry cell” described in JP-A-2009-291076.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae FERM P-19072, Saccharomyces cerevisiae FERM P-19073, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae FERM P-19074 described in JP-A-2004-180509 (all And the parent strain thereof or derivatives derived from them).
- the yeast extract of the present invention is preferably not derived from these high glutathione-containing yeasts.
- the glutathione content per dry cell means the sum of the contents of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione.
- the glutathione content per dry cell of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae used is determined by collecting the cells from the culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, washing the cells with water and removing the medium components, and then suspending in distilled water.
- the solid content concentration of the suspension is determined by heat drying or freeze drying, and the content of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione contained in the liquid heated at 85 ° C. for 5 minutes can be calculated by HPLC analysis. it can.
- the amount of yeast extract added to the food composition is not particularly limited.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is 5.0% by weight, 2.0% by weight, and the lower limit is 0.001% by weight, 0.01% by weight, 0% by weight of the food composition. 0.05% by weight and 0.1% by weight.
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately adjust the amount of yeast extract added according to the type of food composition to which the yeast extract is added.
- the yeast extract of the present invention preferably contains a fraction contained in the yeast extract in the molecular weight range of 500-3000.
- Food composition for lowering blood glucose level means that when the food composition of the present invention is ingested as a staple food or ingested together with the staple food, the blood glucose level decreases (or suppresses an increase) compared to the case where it is not ingested. It refers to a food composition having an action.
- the blood sugar level is the concentration of glucose (glucose) in the blood.
- fasting blood glucose levels are approximately 80-120 mg / dL, but increase slightly with food intake, and rise to about 120-200 mg / dL in healthy individuals after about 20-40 minutes. . And in the case of a healthy person, it falls to a fasting blood glucose level within 120 minutes after food intake.
- the blood glucose level decreases means that the maximum value of the increase in blood glucose level due to the intake of food decreases, the difference between the maximum blood glucose level after intake and the fasting blood glucose level ( Indicated by the glycemic index (GI value), etc., which decreases the blood glucose level due to food intake-the fasting blood glucose level) decreases, the time it takes to rise to the fasting blood glucose level after the blood glucose level increases It means that the blood glucose level rises after eating.
- GI value glycemic index
- the maximum increase in blood glucose level due to food intake is reduced is, but not limited to, an increase compared to the case where the food intake contains yeast extract of Saccharomyces spp. It means that the maximum value of blood glucose level is lowered, preferably 1 mg / dL or more, 5 mg / dL or more, 10 mg / dL or more, 20 mg / dL or more, 30 mg / dL, 40 mg / dL or more.
- the food to be consumed is not limited to Saccharomyces
- “the highest increase in blood glucose level due to food intake—fasting blood glucose level” is decreased, preferably 1 mg / dL or more, 5 mg / DL or more It means that 10 mg / dL or more, 20 mg / dL or more, 30 mg / dL, 40 mg / dL or more.
- the time until the blood sugar level drops to the fasting blood glucose level after an increase in blood sugar level is shortened is not limited to the case where the food to be taken contains a yeast extract of Saccharomyces sp. It means that it is shorter than that, preferably 1 minute or longer, 5 minutes or longer, 10 minutes or longer, 20 minutes or longer, 30 minutes or shorter, or 60 minutes or shorter.
- blood glucose level lowering action includes “GI level reducing action” as one aspect.
- the presence / absence of the “blood glucose level lowering effect” can be determined, for example, by measuring the presence / absence of the GI value reducing effect.
- Glycemic Index indicates the degree of absorption of carbohydrates contained in food into the blood, and is a numerical value that indirectly represents the degree of increase in blood glucose level after intake for each food. Specifically, the amount of sugar entering the blood by 2 hours after food intake is measured, and a test meal (corresponding to 50 g as a saccharide) when IAUC (area under the blood sugar rise curve) of 50 g of glucose is taken as 100. (Jenkins, DJ, et al .: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1981; 34: 362-366).
- GI value area under the blood sugar increase curve when “food” is ingested / area under the blood sugar increase curve when ingesting glucose ⁇ 100 Even if the rate of increase and the peak value are low, the food in which the blood glucose level remains high for a long time has a large area and a high GI value. In addition, foods that rapidly increase to a high blood sugar level, secrete a large amount of insulin, and rapidly decrease have a smaller area and a lower GI value.
- a low GI food means a food that originally has a low GI value, or a food whose GI value has been reduced by the addition of a substance that has an action of improving the production method and cooking method and lowering the blood sugar level. Is 55 or less.
- the GI value of the low GI food is preferably 55 or less, 50 or less, 47 or less, 45 or less, or 42 or less.
- the mechanism of the substance having a blood glucose level lowering action is not particularly limited.
- the food composition for reducing GI value means that when the food to be ingested contains a yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces, the GI value is reduced (or the increase is suppressed) compared to the case where it is not contained.
- action is said.
- the “GI value-reducing food composition” reduces (or increases) the GI value when the food composition of the present invention is ingested together with a food composition containing cereal as a main ingredient, compared to the case where it is not ingested.
- composition for reducing GI value includes a food composition in which the GI value of the food composition itself is reduced by containing a yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces, and a food composition mainly composed of grains. Both of the food compositions having an action of reducing the GI value of food compositions mainly composed of grains when ingested together with foods are included.
- GI value is reduced means, but is not limited to, the GI value of the food composition as compared with the case where the food to be taken contains a yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces. Is reduced, preferably 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, or 40% or more.
- the kind of the food composition containing the yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces of the present invention is not particularly limited. Preferably, it is liquid, gel, paste, solid, powder or granule. More preferably, it is liquid. For example, aspects such as soup, sauce and sauce are included.
- the food composition of the present invention may be warm or cold.
- the food composition of the present invention may be added with a yeast extract after cooking or may be cooked (heated) in a state containing the yeast extract.
- the food composition of this invention is not limited, what a yeast extract does not exert a bad influence on the taste at the time of eating is preferable.
- the food of the present invention is not limited to humans. Even a healthy person may be a patient with a disease / symptom requiring blood glucose control, particularly a patient with hyperglycemia (diabetes, drug-induced hyperglycemia, etc.). Preferably it is a healthy person.
- a method for increasing the blood sugar level lowering action of a food composition or a method for reducing the GI value includes a method for increasing the blood sugar level lowering action of the food, comprising adding the yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast to the food composition, About.
- the present invention also relates to a method for reducing the GI value of the food, which comprises adding a yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast to the food composition.
- the “food composition”, “yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast”, “reducing blood glucose level”, and “reducing GI level” are as described above for the food composition.
- Increasing the blood sugar level lowering effect of the food composition means that the food composition contains the yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces, so that the food composition is originally blood sugar level (even if the yeast extract is not contained). It includes not only enhancing the lowering action but also imparting a blood sugar lowering action to a food composition that does not have a blood sugar lowering action.
- the present invention further relates to a combination of a food composition containing the yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces of the present invention and a food composition mainly composed of grains.
- the combination of the present invention is particularly useful for use in “reducing blood glucose level” or “reducing GI level”.
- the present invention also relates to a set comprising a food composition containing a yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces and a food composition mainly composed of grains.
- the set of the present invention can be used to increase the blood glucose level lowering action or to reduce the GI level.
- the food composition using cereal as the main raw material is not particularly limited.
- Grains include, but are not limited to, rice (including glutinous rice), wheat, barley, corn, rye, triticale, buckwheat, sorghum, millet, millet and other cereals.
- the food composition using cereals as the main raw material may be prepared by cooking cereals in the form of grains, or may be a food composition obtained by processing these cereals. Examples of the former include rice, and examples of the latter include processed food produced using grain flour dough.
- the rice may be in the form of cooked rice, fried rice, rice cake, paella, etc.
- the cooking method is not particularly limited.
- the type and variety of rice are not limited.
- the noodles are preferably selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, udon, cold wheat, raw noodles, buckwheat, pasta, Chinese noodles, and rice noodles. More preferably, it is udon.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that noodles produced by a method including a mixing step by vacuum mixing show a lower GI value in the production process. Although not bound by logic, it is considered that a dense gluten network is constructed by mixing under reduced pressure, and the starch after ingestion is gradually dissolved and digested from there.
- the mixer for the vacuum mixing of the noodle dough is not particularly limited as long as a vacuum environment can be set. For example, a vacuum mixer or a vacuum mixer can be used.
- the vacuum degree in the vacuum mixing of the present invention is preferably ⁇ 400 mmHg or less, ⁇ 500 mmHg or less, ⁇ 600 mmHg or less, assuming that the normal pressure is 0 mmHg and the complete vacuum is ⁇ 760 mmHg.
- the time for mixing under reduced pressure can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the state of the fabric and the degree of vacuum. Although not limited, 5 minutes or more is preferable.
- the food composition mainly composed of cereals is a food composition produced by a method including a mixing step by vacuum mixing.
- the food composition containing cereal as a main ingredient is noodle, more preferably udon. Such noodles may be in the form of room temperature noodles, refrigerated noodles, frozen noodles and the like.
- ⁇ is a food made by processing glutinous rice, and the type is not particularly limited. It is roughly divided into two types: “Tsukemono”, which is steamed and boiled with granular rice, and kneaded with hot water added to the cereal powder, and both are made mainly from the cereal of the present invention. Included in food compositions.
- the type of bread is not particularly limited. In addition to normal bread made from wheat, rice bread made from rice is also included.
- Okonomiyaki including Negi-yaki and Hiroshima-yaki
- takoyaki takoyaki
- monja-yaki are not particularly limited.
- the material contained in wheat is not limited.
- Pizza and tortillas are not particularly limited in type.
- Pizza is a food that is baked in an oven or a special oven, with flour, water, salt, yeast, sugar, and a small amount of olive oil.
- Tortilla is a traditional thin baked bread made from ground corn such as Mexico. A similar one made from flour is also called tortilla.
- ⁇ Dim Sum is a general term for snacks of Chinese cuisine.
- the type of the dim sum in the present invention is not limited as long as the dim sum is mainly made from grains. Including gyoza, grilled rice, spring rolls, and small rice cakes.
- Chinese buns are steamed buns that are wrapped in soft skin fermented with flour, water, sugar, yeast, baking powder, etc. and then steamed. Depending on the type of ingredient, there are meat buns, buns, etc., but the type is not limited in the present invention.
- ⁇ Chijimi is made from wheat, rice flour, water, eggs mixed with suitable ingredients (onion, leek, carrot, leek, etc.) and fried in a frying pan with a lot of oil. Also called Korean style okonomiyaki.
- Cereal foods are heated by crushing grains such as corn, oats, wheat, barley, rice, etc. into thin pieces (flakes), puffing (expanding), mixing to form a sheet, and then crushing It is a simple food that has been processed to be easy to eat in cooking and has a shape suitable for long-term storage.
- the type of cereal food is not particularly limited and includes, for example, corn flakes, oatmeal and the like.
- the type of confectionery is not particularly limited.
- Japanese confectionery such as buns
- Western confectionery such as cakes, crepes, and galettes are included.
- Such food compositions mainly made of grains contain abundant carbohydrates and are often staple foods.
- the type of food composition containing the yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast is not particularly limited. Preferably, it is liquid, gel, paste, solid, powder or granule. More preferably, it is liquid. For example, aspects such as soup, sauce and sauce are included.
- the food composition may be warm or cold.
- a yeast composition When a yeast composition is contained in a food composition mainly containing cereal grains, such as noodles, the physical properties (smoothness, stickiness, elasticity, etc.) may change, and the taste and texture may be reduced.
- a food composition containing cereals as a main ingredient with a food composition containing a liquid yeast extract of the present invention, the problem of a decrease in taste and texture can be solved.
- the food composition mainly containing cereal is noodles
- liquid soup e.g., noodle soup for udon
- sauce e.g., soup, soup, etc.
- the noodles may be a “tsukemen” type in which soup and noodles are separated, or a “kake noodle” type in which soup (soup) is applied to the noodles.
- yeast extract examples include, for example, Ochazuke (rice and soup), curry rice and curry, rice and miso soup, your choice There is no particular limitation as long as it is usually combined and eaten, such as grilled and sauce, cake and tea or coffee.
- “Eat in combination” means that when noodles are used as the main ingredient of cereal grains, the food composition containing yeast extract is put into the mouth at the same time (for example, udon and noodle soup, rice with rice pickles) And soup stock, okonomiyaki and sauce, etc.) as well as a mode of being taken into the body substantially simultaneously in one meal.
- the active ingredient of yeast extract is absorbed in the body, suppresses the increase in blood sugar level due to digestion and absorption of food compositions mainly made of grains, and / or An effect of promoting a decrease in blood glucose level is obtained.
- the food composition containing yeast extract When the food composition containing yeast extract is in a liquid state, its active ingredients are absorbed quickly, and at the same time, the suppression of the increase in blood sugar level due to digestion and absorption of the food composition made mainly from cereals to eat / promotion of the decrease in blood sugar level Is more effective, and is more preferable.
- the food composition containing cereal as a main ingredient contains a resistant starch.
- RS Resistant starch
- RS is a generic name for starch and degradation products that are resistant to the digestive action of digestive enzymes and are not digested or absorbed in the small intestine of healthy people. Also referred to as resistant starch or resistant starch.
- RS is insoluble in water and does not include indigestible dextrins that are water soluble. RS is classified into the following four types according to the difference in mechanisms that are not digested.
- RS1 A type in which digestive enzymes do not reach starch due to being surrounded by hard tissues such as millet.
- RS2 Starch particles such as ungelatinized starch and starch with very high amylose that are not sufficiently heated are digested.
- RS3 A type of starch that has been heated and gelatinized once like cold rice or vermicelli, and then changed to a structure that is difficult to digest by recrystallizing part of the starch in the process of cooling and storage. The type that digestion enzyme became difficult to act by chemically modifying starch to a high degree
- the type and production method of RS are not particularly limited, but a product separated and purified from corn, rice or the like having a high amylose content is preferable.
- RS in this invention a thing with high heat stability is preferable.
- an RS having a molecular weight peak of 6 ⁇ 10 3 or more and 4 ⁇ 10 4 or less is known by acid treatment of high amylose corn starch. This reduced the starch molecular weight to 1/10 or less by hydrolysis with acid, and increased the crystallinity of the amylose molecules by increasing the spatial arrangement of the molecules, improving the heat stability and digestion resistance.
- the high amylose corn starch is corn starch whose amylose content is increased by breeding, and the amylose content is preferably 40% or more.
- the acid treatment can be performed by mixing an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid with starch and purified water.
- high RS content starch used in the present invention those that can be measured by AOAC official method 2002.02, which is a quantitative method according to the digestion conditions of starch in vivo, are preferable.
- starch containing a high amount of RS satisfying these conditions include those described in JP2011-846844 (Patent No. 4482611).
- the food composition mainly composed of cereals has the following conditions (a), (b), (c) and (d) as RS:
- the molecular weight peak is 6 ⁇ 10 3 or more and 4 ⁇ 10 4 or less
- (c) The molecular weight dispersity is 1. 5 or more and 6.0 or less
- Such an RS-rich starch may be obtained by using an amylose-rich starch having an amylose content of 40% or more as a raw material and acid-treating the raw material in an inorganic acid aqueous solution.
- the reaction conditions for the acid treatment satisfy the following formulas (1) and (2), but are not limited thereto.
- Amilo Fiber (registered trademark) SH manufactured by J-Oil Mills Co., Ltd.
- Amilofiber (registered trademark) SH contains about 60% of RS according to the resistant starch measurement method of AOAC official method 2002.02. Further, since the molecular weight peak is crystallized as small as 1.2 ⁇ 10 4 and the heat stability is high, it can be preferably used as starch containing a high amount of RS of the present invention.
- the food composition containing cereal as the main raw material has an RS of 0.6% by weight or more and 6% by weight with respect to the total amount of the powder raw material (the total amount of the main raw material cereal, other powder and RS-containing raw material) %, Preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
- the powder raw material means the total amount of wheat flour and RS-containing starch, but may further include, for example, processing aids as other powders.
- the RS-containing udon is preferably RS-containing udon produced by a method including a decompression step.
- udon was prepared using Amilofiber (registered trademark) SH at about 5% by weight of the powder raw material.
- Amilofiber® SH contains about 60% RS. Therefore, the RS content is about 3% by weight of the powder raw material.
- Amilofiber (registered trademark) SH is 1% by weight or more and less than 10% by weight, preferably 1% by weight or more and 8% by weight or less, based on the powder raw material.
- the present invention further includes a food composition of the present invention containing a yeast extract of Saccharomyces yeast, and a food composition comprising cereal as a main raw material. And a method for enhancing the blood glucose level lowering action of both food compositions.
- the present invention further includes a method of reducing the GI value of both food compositions, comprising combining the food composition of the present invention containing a yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces and a food composition based on cereals, About.
- Food Composition Containing Yeast Extract of Saccharomyces Yeast Food Composition Based on Grain
- Combination Food Composition
- Reduce Blood Glucose Level “Increase Glucose Level Action of Food Composition”
- the “GI value reduction” is as described above for the food composition and the combination.
- the present invention further relates to a method for enhancing the blood glucose level-lowering effect of a food composition of a combination of a food composition containing the yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces yeast of the present invention and a food composition mainly composed of grains. Or a method for reducing the GI value of a combination of a food composition containing the yeast extract of the genus Saccharomyces of the present invention and a food composition containing cereal as a main raw material.
- Food Composition Containing Yeast Extract of Saccharomyces Yeast Food Composition Based on Grain
- Combination Food Composition
- Reduce Blood Glucose Level “Increase Glucose Level Action of Food Composition”
- the “GI value reduction” is as described above for the food composition and the combination.
- the present invention also relates to a noodle for lowering blood glucose level.
- the noodles of the present invention contain resistant starch, and are manufactured by a method including a mixing step by vacuum mixing, and have a use of reducing blood glucose level.
- “Reduce blood glucose level” is as described above for food compositions, combinations and the like.
- the noodles of the present invention are low GI foods with a reduced GI value, and when eaten, the effect of lowering blood glucose level (including the effect of reducing GI value) is obtained.
- the present invention further relates to a method for reducing the GI value of noodles.
- the method of the present invention includes making the noodles contain resistant starch and producing by a method including a mixing step by vacuum mixing.
- a vacuum udon was prepared as follows.
- Reduced udon noodles were obtained by adding 500 g of salt water to 1000 g of wheat flour and subjected to reduced pressure mixing (controlled so that the degree of vacuum was ⁇ 500 mmHg or less) with a horizontal vacuum mixer for noodle making (manufactured by Sanuki Noodle Machine).
- the dough was rolled, compounded and aged in the usual way. Then, it rolled by the conventional method and the raw noodle of thickness 3.2mm was obtained by noodle width 3.8mm. Then, after cooking with a sufficient amount of boiling water for about 10 minutes in a boil, immediately washed with water and cooled in cold water, boiled and cooked udon (boiled udon) was obtained.
- “reduced udon” refers to udon obtained by the above steps, unless otherwise specified.
- GI value ((IAUC of test meal) / (IAUC of reference meal)) ⁇ 100
- Example 1 GI value reduction effect by combination of udon and yeast extract added soup
- the GI value reduction effect by the combination of udon and yeast extract added soy sauce was examined.
- Udon chilled udon (167 g of udon (sugar mass 48 g)); Yeast extract-added noodle soup 12.3 g: Ogatsu soup soup (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mitsukan, sugar mass 2 g) and yeast extract “Yeast extract 21-NYP” (Fuji Food Industry, hereinafter referred to as “NYP”) 025g added (Yeast extract content: Mentsuyu + about 0.2% by weight of yeast extract), or Mentsuyu 12.3g: Otsukatsu Otsuyu (registered trademark) (Mitsukan, sugar mass 2g)
- normal pressure udon 167 g of udon mixed at normal pressure
- normal pressure udon normal pressure
- normal pressure udon normal pressure
- Example 2 Evaluation of Texture of Low GI Udon
- the texture of low GI udon in the combination of the present invention was evaluated.
- Udon chilled udon (167g udon (sugar mass 48g))
- mentsuyu 12.3 g Matsukan soup soup (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mizkan, sugar mass 2g)
- the RS-rich decompression udon (No. 1) has a low GI value but a powdery and rugged texture
- a highly digestible dextrin-rich decompression udon (No. 2) Has a high GI value and lacks texture
- NYP-containing decompression udon (No. 3) has a low GI value and a good texture, but has a problem in color and taste.
- the combination of RS-containing reduced pressure udon and NYP-added noodle soup (No. 5) was able to achieve low GI, good texture and good taste at the same time.
- Example 3 Kind of yeast extract and GI value reducing effect
- the GI value reducing effect of various yeast extracts was examined.
- Udon RS decompression udon (167g of udon (sugar mass 48g)) Yeast extract-added noodle soup 12.3 g: Mitsukatsu soup sauce (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mitsukan, sugar mass 2 g) + various yeast extracts 0.025 g shown in Table 4, or mentsuyu 12.3 g: Tsutsutsu soup sauce (registered) Trademark) (Mitsukan, sugar mass 2g) Before ingestion of the test meal, blood glucose levels were measured at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes.
- -Agilex LK Yeast extract from Candida utilis. Rich in inosinic acid, guanylic acid, other nucleic acids and peptides.
- -Alomild A yeast extract produced by subjecting an extract extracted from torula yeast (Candida utilis) by a hot water extraction method to an enzymatic treatment such as nucleolytic enzyme to decompose the contained RNA component into nucleotides.
- Example 4 Fractionation test of yeast extract-containing components
- a fractionation test of yeast extract (NYP) -containing components was performed. Specifically, a fraction solution of components contained in the yeast extract was prepared according to the following procedure.
- the sample in the dialysis tube was designated as fraction 2.
- the distilled water side was concentrated under reduced pressure so as to be equal to that before dialysis.
- a dialysis tube (Spectra / pore, Funakoshi) having a molecular weight cut off of 100 to 500 was filled with (6) and dialyzed in distilled water with stirring (4 ° C., 24 hours, 1 L of distilled water ⁇ 2 times) Exchange).
- the sample in the dialysis tube was designated as fraction 3.
- the distilled water side was concentrated under reduced pressure to the same volume as before dialysis to obtain a fraction 4.
- the fractions were each concentrated using an evaporator, and then powdered by freeze-drying using a dry freezer.
- the GI value was greatly reduced only in fraction 2 (500 to 1000 ⁇ molecular weight ⁇ 3000). In addition, for BCAA and nucleic acid, no significant reduction in GI value was observed. From the above, it was shown that a substance having a GI value reducing effect is present in a fraction of 500 to 1000 ⁇ molecular weight ⁇ 3000 when the above fractionation method is used.
- the ratio of the molecular weight of 500 to 3000 in NYP is higher than that of fraction 1, fraction 3, and fraction 4, and shows the same value as fraction 2. Therefore, the component that reduces the GI value is It was confirmed to be contained in fraction 2.
- Example 5 GI value reduction effect by combination of udon and yeast extract added soup
- the GI value reduction effect by the combination of udon and yeast extract added soy sauce was examined. The following tests were conducted at an external testing contractor (CPCC Corporation) under a confidentiality agreement.
- the subjects were 20 healthy men and women who were 20 to 50 years old and had a BMI of 30 Kg / m 2 or less. Finally, GI values of 12 people were adopted.
- Udon chilled udon (167 g of udon (sugar mass 48 g)); Yeast extract-added noodle soup 12.3 g: Ogatsu soup soup (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mitsukan, sugar mass 2 g) and yeast extract “Yeast extract 21-NYP” (Fuji Food Industry, hereinafter referred to as “NYP”) 025g added (Yeast extract content: Mentsuyu + about 0.2% by weight of yeast extract), or Mentsuyu 12.3g: Otsukatsu Otsuyu (registered trademark) (Mitsukan, sugar mass 2g) Test meal 1: RS Udon + NYP Test meal 2: RS udon + noodle soup without addition A load test of glucose solution (Traillan G50 g) as a reference was carried out twice, and patients with disease area and glucose intolerance were excluded. The blood glucose level was measured according to the above blood glucose level measuring method, and the effect was confirmed.
- the results are shown in FIG. As a result of FIG. 18, the GI value of the test meal 1 (invention) was 39.8, and the GI value of the test meal 2 (comparative example) was 52.4.
- Example 6 GI Value Reduction Effect by Combination of Okonomiyaki and Yeast Extract Added Sauce
- the GI value reduction effect by the combination of okonomiyaki and yeast extract added sauce was examined.
- Okonomiyaki “Gottsu no Okonomiyaki” (341 g made by Tablemark (sugar mass 38.5 g)); 30 g yeast extract added sauce: 0.5 g yeast extract NYP added to the sauce (sugar mass 11.5 g) attached to the above “Gottsu okonomiyaki” (content of yeast extract NYP: about sauce + yeast extract NYP) 1.6 wt%), or 30 g of sauce: the sauce (sugar mass of 11.5 g) attached to the above-mentioned “Gottsu okonomiyaki”.
- blood glucose levels were measured according to the blood glucose level measurement method described above, and the effects were confirmed.
- Example 7 GI value reduction effect by combination of cooked rice and yeast extract addition stock
- yeast extract two types, yeast extract extracted from Saccharomyces genus yeast and yeast extract extracted from Torula yeast, were used.
- Cooked rice “Freshly cooked freshly cooked rice” (150 g of table mark packed rice (sugar mass 49.6 g) heated in a 500 W microwave oven for 2 minutes); Saccharomyces-derived yeast extract added white stock 5 g: Yeast extract 21-YK (manufactured by Fuji Food Industry) (Hereinafter referred to as “YK”) 1 g and water 45 g (yeast extract content: white dashi + water + about 2% by weight of yeast extract), White extract of torula yeast derived yeast extract 5 g: Kappo Shirodashi (registered trademark) (manufactured by Yamaki, sugar mass 0.4 g) and yeast extract derived from torula yeast (Candida utilis) “Yeast Extract 21-TF” (manufactured by Fuji Food Industry) (Hereinafter referred to as “21TF”) and 45 g of water (Yeast extract content: white dashi + water + about 2% by weight of yeast extract) or white dashi 5 g: Japanese white
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Abstract
Description
血糖値は、血液内のグルコース(ブドウ糖)の濃度である。ヒトの血糖値は、血糖値を下げるインスリン、血糖値を上げるグルカゴン、アドレナリン、コルチゾール、成長ホルモンといったホルモンにより、非常に狭い範囲の正常値に保たれている。体内におけるグルコースはエネルギー源として重要である反面、高濃度のグルコースは糖化反応を引き起こし微小血管に障害を与え生体に有害であるため、インスリンなどによりその濃度(血糖値)が常に一定範囲に保たれている。
-ファストフードであっても主食と副菜を組み合わせて摂取することで、糖化ストレスを緩和する可能性がある(Kawabata A, et al.:Glycative Stress Research. 2015;2(2):67-71)
「レジスタントスターチ」(RS)は、消化酵素の消化作用に抵抗性を有し、健康な人の小腸内で消化・吸収されない澱粉及び分解物である。RSは、腸内環境改善作用、血糖上昇抑制作用、コレステロール低下作用、脂質代謝改善作用等を有することが知られている。例えば、特開2011-84674は、RS高含有澱粉を含有したうどんを記載している。しかしながら、RS含有食品、例えば麺は粉っぽくぼそぼそする等、味・食感がかならずしも満足のいくものではなかった。
[態様1]
サッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する、血糖値低下用食品組成物。
[態様2]
サッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する、GI値低減用食品組成物。
[態様3]
酵母エキスを、乾燥酵母エキスに換算した場合に0.001重量%以上5.0重量%以下含有する、態様1又は2に記載の食品組成物。
[態様4]
サッカロマイセス属酵母が、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエに属する、態様1-3のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物。
[態様5]
食品組成物にサッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有させることを含む、当該食品の血糖値低下作用を高める方法。
[態様6]
食品組成物にサッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有させることを含む、当該食品のGI値を低減させる方法。
[態様7]
態様1-4のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物の組み合わせ。
[態様8]
穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、米、麺、餅、パン、お好み焼、たこ焼、もんじゃ焼、ピザ、トルティーヤ、点心、中華まん、チヂミ、シリアル食品又は菓子である、態様7の組み合わせ。
[態様9]
穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、うどん、冷や麦、素麺、そば、パスタ、中華麺、及びライスヌードルからなる群から選択される、態様7又は8に記載の組み合わせ。
[態様10]
穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、うどんである、態様7-9のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
[態様11]
穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、減圧ミキシングによるミキシング工程を含む方法によって製造された食品組成物である、態様7-10のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
[態様12]
態様1-4のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物が液状である、態様7-11のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
[態様13]
穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、レジスタントスターチを含有する、態様7-12のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
[態様14]
レジスタントスターチの含量が、粉体原料の合計量の0.6重量%以上6重量%未満である、態様13に記載の組み合わせ。
[態様15]
レジスタントスターチが、ハイアミロースコーンスターチを酸処理することにより得られるものであり、その分子量ピークが6×103以上4×104以下である、態様13又は14の組み合わせ。
[態様16]
血糖値低下に用いるための態様7-15のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
[態様17]
GI値低減に用いるための態様7-15のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
[態様18]
態様1-4のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物とを組み合わせることを含む、両食品組成物の血糖値低下作用を高める方法。
[態様19]
態様1-4のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物の組み合わせることを含む、両食品組成物のGI値を低減させる方法。
[態様20]
レジスタントスターチを含有し、そして、減圧ミキシングによるミキシング工程を含む方法によって製造される、血糖値低下用麺。
[態様21]
麺にレジスタントスターチを含有させ、そして、減圧ミキシングによるミキシング工程を含む方法によって製造する、ことを含む麺のGI値を低減させる方法。
本発明は、サッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する、血糖値低下用食品組成物に関する。
GI値=「食品」摂取時の血糖上昇曲線下面積/グルコース摂取時の血糖上昇曲線下面積×100
上昇速度やピーク値は低くても、長時間血糖値が上がったままの食品は面積が大きくなりGI値が高くなる。また、急激に高い血糖値へ上昇し、大量のインスリンを分泌し、速やかに下降するような食品は面積が小さくなりGI値は低くなる。
本発明は、食品組成物にサッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有させることを含む、当該食品の血糖値低下作用を高める方法、に関する。
本発明はさらに、本発明のサッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物の組み合わせ、に関する。本発明の組み合わせは、特に「血糖値低下」又は「GI値低減」に用いるために、特に有用である。本発明はまた、サッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物を含むセットに関する。本発明のセットは、血糖値低下作用を高めるため、あるいは、GI値を低減させるために使用できる。
穀物を主原料とする食品組成物は特に限定されない。限定されるものではないが、穀物としては、イネ(モチ米を含む)、コムギ、オオムギ、トウモロコシ、ライムギ、ライコムギ、ソバ、モロコシ、アワ、ヒエ、その他の雑穀が挙げられる。穀物を主原料とする食品組成物は、穀物を粒の状態で調理したものであってよく、またこれらの穀物を加工した食品組成物であってもよい。前者の例としては、米、後者の例としては、穀物粉生地を利用して製造される加工食品が挙げられる。穀物を加工した食品組成物として、非限定的に、麺、餅、パン、お好み焼(ねぎ焼、広島焼を含む)、たこ焼、もんじゃ焼、ピザ、トルティーヤ、点心、中華まん、チヂミ、シリアル食品又は菓子(クレープ等)などが挙げられる。
本発明の一態様において穀物を主原料とする食品組成物は、レジスタントスターチを含有する。
RS2: 十分に加熱されていない未糊化のでんぷんやアミロースの極めて多い澱粉など、澱粉の粒子自体が消化されにくいタイプ
RS3: 冷やご飯や春雨のように一度加熱されて糊化したあと、冷めたり保存する過程で一部の澱粉が再結晶して消化されにくい構造に変化したタイプ
RS4: 加工澱粉の一種で、澱粉を高程度に化学修飾することで消化酵素が作用しにくくなったタイプ
(a)AOAC公定法2002.02のレジスタントスターチ測定法によるレジスタントスターチ含有量が60%以上
(b)分子量ピークが6×103以上4×104以下
(c)分子量分散度が1.5以上6.0以下
(d)示差走査熱量測定による50℃~130℃における糊化エンタルピーが10J/g以下
を満たすRS高含有澱粉を含有する。
(5.54×(4.20)(T-40)/10)(-0.879)≦C<-0.000016×T3+0.00068×T2-0.028×T+4.3 (1)
13.0×C(-1.14)×(1/4.2)(T-40)/10≦t≦180×C(-1.58)×(1/4.2)(T-40)/10 (2)
(ただし、上記式(1)および(2)において、T:反応温度(℃)、C:前記無機酸水溶液中の無機酸の規定度(N)、t:反応時間(時間)である。)
本発明はさらにまた、サッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する本発明の食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物とを組み合わせることを含む、両食品組成物の血糖値低下作用を高める方法、に関する。
本発明はさらに、本発明のサッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物の組み合わせの、食品組成物の血糖値低下作用を高める方法への使用、あるいは、本発明のサッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物の組み合わせのGI値を低減させる方法への使用に関する。
本発明はまた、血糖値低下用麺、に関する。本発明の麺は、レジスタントスターチを含有し、そして、減圧ミキシングによるミキシング工程を含む方法によって製造され、そして、血糖値を低下させる、という用途を有する。「血糖値低下」とは、食品組成物、組み合わせ等に関して上述した通りである。本発明の麺は、GI値が低減した低GI食品であり、食した場合に、血糖値低下の効果(GI値低減効果を含む)が得られる。
本発明はさらにまた、麺のGI値を低減させる方法に関する。本発明の方法は、麺にレジスタントスターチを含有させ、そして、減圧ミキシングによるミキシング工程を含む方法によって製造する、ことを含む。
本明細書の実施例において特に記載しない場合には、以下の材料及び方法を用いた。
次のようにして、減圧うどんを調製した。
小麦粉1000gに、塩水500gを加え、製麺用の横型真空ミキサー(さぬき麺機製)で10分間の減圧ミキシング(真空度が-500mmHg以下となるように管理)を経て得られた生地を、常法にて圧延、複合し、熟成させた。その後、常法にて圧延し、麺幅3.8mmにて、厚み3.2mmの生うどんを得た。その後、十分な量の沸騰したお湯で、約10分間茹で調理後、直ちに水洗いして冷水中で冷却し、ゆで調理済みのうどん(ゆでうどん)を得た。なお、以下の実施例では、「減圧うどん」というときは、特に記載した場合を除き、上記工程により得られたうどんを指す。
小麦粉950gに、アミロファイバー(登録商標)SH(J-オイルミルズ製で、レジスタントスターチ(RS)を約60%(AOAC公定法2002.02による測定)含有する高アミロースコーンスターチ分解物。)50gと、塩水500gを加えた(アミロファイバー(登録商標)SHは粉体原料の5重量%、よってRSは粉体原料の3重量%)。これを、製麺用の横型真空ミキサー(さぬき麺機製)で10分間の減圧ミキシング(真空度が-500mmHg以下となるように管理)を経て、得られた生地を、常法にて圧延、複合し、熟成させた。その後、常法にて圧延し、麺幅3.8mmにて、厚み3.2mmの生うどんを得た。その後、十分な量の沸騰したお湯で、約10分間茹で調理後、直ちに水洗いして冷水中で冷却し、ゆで調理済みのうどん(ゆでうどん)を得た。なお、以下の実施例では、「RS減圧うどん」というときは、特に記載した場合を除き、上記工程により得られたうどんを指す。
(1)血糖値はメディセーフフィット(テルモ製)を用い、指先採血を行うことで測定した。
(2)検査は朝食を抜き、空腹状態で8時~9時に開始した。
(3)指先採血は基準食・検査食の摂取前、摂取15分後、30分後、45分後、60分後、90分後、120分後と実施した。
(4)摂取前の空腹時血糖が70~110以内であれば検査参加とした。
(5)試験食、検査食の実施は1日1回とし、ウォッシュアウト期間は、前回の採血より、1日以上とした。
(1)基準食(トレーラン(登録商標)G50g(エイワイファーマ製):糖質量50g)の負荷採血は2回実施した。
(2)血糖上昇下面積(以下、「IAUC」という。)の差が25%以内であれば、平均し基準値とした。差が25%以上の場合は、3回目負荷試験を実施し、その中より25%以内の値を平均し基準値とした。
(3)糖質量を50gに調製した検査食の負荷試験を実施し、IAUCを求めた。
(4)算出された検査食IAUCの基準食に占める割合を算出し、その値を各人のGI値とした。各人のGI値を平均し、標準偏差の2倍より外れた値を除外して、再度平均し試験食のGI値とした。
GI値=((検査食のIAUC)/(基準食のIAUC))×100
本実施例において、うどんと酵母エキス添加つゆの組み合わせによるGI値低減効果を調べた。
(2)上記のように製造した減圧うどん又はRS減圧うどんとめんつゆとを組み合わせ、冷やしうどんとして各パネルに摂食させた。
酵母エキス添加めんつゆ12.3g:追いがつおつゆ(登録商標)(ミツカン製、糖質量2g)に酵母エキス「イーストエキス21-NYP」(富士食品工業製。以下「NYP」という。)0.025gを添加(酵母エキスの含量:めんつゆ+酵母エキスの約0.2重量%)、又は
めんつゆ12.3g:追いがつおつゆ(登録商標)(ミツカン製、糖質量2g)
うどんの比較例として、上記減圧うどんの製造工程において、減圧ミキシングを行わず、代わりに常圧でミキシングしたうどん(以下「常圧うどん」という。)167gと上記のめんつゆを用いた。表1に示す組み合わせについて、上記の血糖値測定方法に従って血糖値測定を実施し、その効果を確認した。
本実施例において、本発明の組み合わせにおける低GIうどんの食感を評価した。
下記の表2に示された配合組成で混合し、上記方法に従い減圧うどんを製造した。
酵母エキス添加めんつゆ12.3g:追いがつおつゆ(登録商標)(ミツカン製、糖質量2g)+NYP0.025g、又は
めんつゆ12.3g:追いがつおつゆ(登録商標)(ミツカン製、糖質量2g)
そして、各組み合わせについて、上記の血糖値測定方法に従って血糖値測定を実施し、その効果を確認した。
本実施例において、各種酵母エキスのGI値低減効果を調べた。
(2)糖質を約50gに調製したRS減圧うどんとめんつゆとを組合わせ、冷やしうどんとして、各パネルに摂食させた。
酵母エキス添加めんつゆ12.3g:追いがつおつゆ(登録商標)(ミツカン製、糖質量2g)+表4に示す各種酵母エキス0.025g、又は
めんつゆ12.3g:追いがつおつゆ(登録商標)(ミツカン製、糖質量2g)
検査食の摂取前、15分、30分、45分、60分、90分、120分と血糖値測定を実施した。
本実施例では、酵母エキス(NYP)含有成分の分画試験を行った。具体的には、下記の手順に従い、酵母エキスに含有される成分の分画液を調製した。
(1)NYPを水に溶かし、10%の水溶液を調製した。
(2)分画分子量3000のペンシル型モジュール(旭化成ケミカルズ製)を用いて、分画を行った(容器を氷で冷却しながら、24時間)。
(3)透過しなかったサンプルを分画液1とした。
(4)透過した分画を分画分子量500~1000の透析チューブ(スペクトラ/ポア(フナコシ製))に充填し、撹拌しながら蒸留水中で透析を行った(4℃、24時間、蒸留水1L×2回交換)。
(5)透析チューブ内のサンプルを分画液2とした。
(6)蒸留水側を透析前と等量になるよう減圧濃縮した。
(7)分画分子量100~500の透析チューブ(スペクトラ/ポア、フナコシ)に(6)を充填し、撹拌しながら蒸留水中で透析を行った(4℃、24時間、蒸留水1L×2回交換)。
(8)透析チューブ内のサンプルを分画液3とした。
(9)蒸留水側を透析前と等量になるよう減圧濃縮し、分画液4とした。
(10)分画液を、それぞれエバポレーターを用いて濃縮した後、乾燥凍結機によるフリーズドライにて粉末化を行った。
各分画液に含有される成分の分子量を、下表に示した。
NYPの各分画液につき、上記の方法でGI値を測定した。また、比較のため、NYPが有している量と同量(表6)の遊離分枝鎖アミノ酸(BCAA)、核酸高含有酵母エキスであるアロマイルド(興人)が含有する種類及び量の核酸(表7)、及び対照につき、上記の方法でGI値を測定した。
NYPと上記の各分画液に含有される物質の分子量分布をHPLCにより分析した。HPLCシステムとしてD-7000シリーズ(日立製作所製)を使用し、カラムは、GS-320 HQ(Asahipak)とGS-320 HQ(Asahipak)(昭和電工製)を連結して用いて、表9の測定条件で測定を行った。これにより得られた分子量分布比率を表10に示す。
本実施例において、うどんと酵母エキス添加つゆの組み合わせによるGI値低減効果を調べた。以下の試験は、守秘義務契約の下、外部試験委託先(CPCC株式会社)において行われた。
酵母エキス添加めんつゆ12.3g:追いがつおつゆ(登録商標)(ミツカン製、糖質量2g)に酵母エキス「イーストエキス21-NYP」(富士食品工業製。以下「NYP」という。)0.025gを添加(酵母エキスの含量:めんつゆ+酵母エキスの約0.2重量%)、又は
めんつゆ12.3g:追いがつおつゆ(登録商標)(ミツカン製、糖質量2g)
検査食1:RSうどん + NYP
検査食2:RSうどん + 添加なしめんつゆ
基準となるグルコース液 (トレーランG50g)の負荷試験を2回実施し、病域者、耐糖能異常者は除外した。上記の血糖値測定方法に従って血糖値測定を実施し、その効果を確認した。
本実施例において、お好み焼と酵母エキス添加ソースの組み合わせによるGI値低減効果を調べた。
酵母エキス添加ソース30g:上記「ごっつ旨いお好み焼」に添付されているソース(糖質量11.5g)に酵母エキスNYPを0.5g添加(酵母エキスNYPの含量:ソース+酵母エキスNYPの約1.6重量%)、又は
ソース30g:上記「ごっつ旨いお好み焼」に添付されているソース(糖質量11.5g)。
本実施例において、炊飯米と酵母エキス添加だしの組み合わせによるGI値低減効果を調べた。なお、酵母エキスとして、サッカロマイセス属酵母から抽出された酵母エキスとトルラ酵母から抽出された酵母エキスの二種類を使用した。
サッカロマイセス由来酵母エキス添加白だし5g:割烹白だし(登録商標)(ヤマキ製、糖質量0.4g)にサッカロマイセス属酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)由来の酵母エキス「イーストエキス21-YK」(富士食品工業製。以下「YK」という。)を1g添加し、水45gを添加(酵母エキスの含量:白だし+水+酵母エキスの約2重量%)、
トルラ酵母由来酵母エキス添加白だし5g:割烹白だし(登録商標)(ヤマキ製、糖質量0.4g)にトルラ酵母(Candida utilis)由来の酵母エキス「イーストエキス21-TF」(富士食品工業製。以下「21TF」という。)を1g添加し、水45gを添加(酵母エキスの含量:白だし+水+酵母エキスの約2重量%)又は
白だし5g:割烹白だし(登録商標)(ヤマキ製、糖質量0.4g)
これらの組み合わせについて、上記の血糖値測定方法に従って血糖値測定を実施し、その効果を確認した。
Claims (21)
- サッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する、血糖値低下用食品組成物。
- サッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有する、GI値低減用食品組成物。
- 酵母エキスを、乾燥酵母エキスに換算した場合に0.001重量%以上5.0重量%以下含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の食品組成物。
- サッカロマイセス属酵母が、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエに属する、請求項1-3のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物。
- 食品組成物にサッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有させることを含む、当該食品の血糖値低下作用を高める方法。
- 食品組成物にサッカロマイセス属酵母の酵母エキスを含有させることを含む、当該食品のGI値を低減させる方法。
- 請求項1-4のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物の組み合わせ。
- 穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、米、麺、餅、パン、お好み焼、たこ焼、もんじゃ焼、ピザ、トルティーヤ、点心、中華まん、チヂミ、シリアル食品又は菓子である、請求項7の組み合わせ。
- 穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、うどん、冷や麦、素麺、そば、パスタ、中華麺、及びライスヌードルからなる群から選択される、請求項7又は8に記載の組み合わせ。
- 穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、うどんである、請求項7-9のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
- 穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、減圧ミキシングによるミキシング工程を含む方法によって製造された食品組成物である、請求項7-10のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
- 請求項1-4のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物が液状である、請求項7-11のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
- 穀物を主原料とする食品組成物が、レジスタントスターチを含有する、請求項7-12のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
- レジスタントスターチの含量が、粉体原料の合計量の0.6重量%以上6重量%未満である、請求項13に記載の組み合わせ。
- レジスタントスターチが、ハイアミロースコーンスターチを酸処理することにより得られるものであり、その分子量ピークが6×103以上4×104以下である、請求項13又は14の組み合わせ。
- 血糖値低下に用いるための請求項7-15のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
- GI値低減に用いるための請求項7-15のいずれか1項に記載の組み合わせ。
- 請求項1-4のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物とを組み合わせることを含む、両食品組成物の血糖値低下作用を高める方法。
- 請求項1-4のいずれか1項に記載の食品組成物と、穀物を主原料とする食品組成物の組み合わせることを含む、両食品組成物のGI値を低減させる方法。
- レジスタントスターチを含有し、そして、減圧ミキシングによるミキシング工程を含む方法によって製造される、血糖値低下用麺。
- 麺にレジスタントスターチを含有させ、そして、減圧ミキシングによるミキシング工程を含む方法によって製造する、ことを含む麺のGI値を低減させる方法。
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JP2020090548A (ja) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-06-11 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 化粧用組成物 |
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WO2021095707A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | テーブルマーク株式会社 | 血糖値低下用又はgi値低下用の組成物又は組み合わせ |
JP7426806B2 (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2024-02-02 | テーブルマーク株式会社 | 血糖値低下用又はgi値低下用の組成物又は組み合わせ |
CN114621988A (zh) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-14 | 江南大学 | 一种慢消化性且低水解率的发酵玉米淀粉及其制备方法 |
CN114621988B (zh) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-27 | 江南大学 | 一种慢消化性且低水解率的发酵玉米淀粉及其制备方法 |
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EP3443849A4 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
EP3443849A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
JPWO2017179691A1 (ja) | 2019-02-21 |
JP6932689B2 (ja) | 2021-09-08 |
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