WO2017175371A1 - 燃料電池単セル - Google Patents
燃料電池単セル Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017175371A1 WO2017175371A1 PCT/JP2016/061507 JP2016061507W WO2017175371A1 WO 2017175371 A1 WO2017175371 A1 WO 2017175371A1 JP 2016061507 W JP2016061507 W JP 2016061507W WO 2017175371 A1 WO2017175371 A1 WO 2017175371A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- auxiliary layer
- gas flow
- separator
- cathode electrode
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
- H01M8/0254—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1286—Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
- H01M8/0256—Vias, i.e. connectors passing through the separator material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell single cell having a current collecting auxiliary layer between a cathode electrode and a separator, and more particularly to a fuel cell single cell in which damage to the electrolyte by the current collecting auxiliary layer is prevented.
- a solid oxide fuel cell (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “SOFC”) includes a solid acid electrolyte layer, a cathode electrode (air electrode) that is a gas-permeable electrode, a gas
- the fuel cell unit is composed of an anode electrode (fuel electrode) that passes through the separator, and the separator.
- the fuel cell generates power by supplying a fuel gas such as hydrogen or hydrocarbon to the anode electrode and supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the other cathode electrode, using the solid electrolyte layer as a partition.
- a fuel gas such as hydrogen or hydrocarbon
- the separator contacts the fuel cell unit and collects the electric charge of the fuel cell unit, and forms a fuel gas channel or an oxygen-containing gas channel between the fuel cell unit and the separator.
- the cathode electrode of the fuel cell unit is composed of a metal oxide, and the metal oxide has a higher electric resistance than a metal.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a fuel cell including a current collecting auxiliary layer having a metal felt and a metal mesh between a cathode electrode and a separator.
- the separator is collected due to thermal expansion during operation or the like.
- the protrusion may damage the solid electrolyte layer by pressing the electric auxiliary layer. Further, due to damage to the solid electrolyte layer, gas may cross-leak and power generation efficiency may decrease, or the protrusion may penetrate the solid electrolyte layer to make a hole and short circuit.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell single cell in which the solid electrolyte layer is prevented from being damaged by the current collecting auxiliary layer. It is in.
- the present inventor used the cathode electrode between the current collection auxiliary layer and the solid electrolyte layer as a buffer material, and the end in the surface direction of the cathode electrode as described above. It has been found that the above-described damage of the solid electrolyte layer due to the current collecting auxiliary layer can be prevented by extending outside the end portion in the surface direction of the current collecting auxiliary layer, and the present invention has been completed.
- the fuel cell single cell of the present invention includes a fuel cell unit in which an anode electrode, an electrolyte layer, and a cathode electrode are sequentially laminated, a separator, and a current collecting auxiliary layer between the cathode electrode and the separator of the fuel cell unit.
- the separator has a convex portion that comes into contact with the current collecting auxiliary layer, and forms a gas flow path between the separator and the current collecting auxiliary layer.
- at least one part of the edge part of the surface direction of the said cathode electrode is what extended outside the edge part of the surface direction of the said current collection auxiliary
- the end portion in the surface direction of the cathode electrode is more than the end portion in the surface direction of the current collection auxiliary layer. Since the cathode electrode serves as a buffer material, the solid electrolyte layer can be prevented from being damaged by the current collecting auxiliary layer.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view illustrating the configuration of the single fuel cell C of the present invention.
- the single fuel cell C includes a fuel cell unit 1, a current collecting auxiliary layer 2, and a separator 3.
- the fuel cell unit is formed by sequentially laminating an anode electrode 11, a solid electrolyte layer 12, and a cathode electrode 13, and these are supported by a porous metal support.
- a frame 5 is provided on the outer edge of the porous metal support 14.
- the fuel cell unit 1 includes the porous metal support 14, the anode electrode 11, the solid electrolyte layer 12, and the cathode electrode 13 that are sequentially stacked at the position indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 1 of the frame 5. Become.
- a current collecting auxiliary layer 2 and a separator 3 are sequentially laminated.
- the frame 5 and the separator 3 are substantially rectangular shapes having substantially the same vertical and horizontal dimensions, and the fuel cell unit 1 and the frame 5 and the separator 3 are overlapped and joined to form a fuel cell single cell C.
- the separator 3 has a corrugated cross section in the short side direction at the central portion corresponding to the fuel cell unit 1. This corrugated shape is continuous in the long side direction as shown in FIG. As a result, the corrugated convex portion 31 of the separator 3 comes into contact with the current collecting auxiliary layer 2, and the gas flow path G is formed in each concave portion of the corrugated shape.
- the fuel cell single cell C has manifold portions H1 to H4 for communicating the frame 5 and the separator 3 in the stacking direction.
- An oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the cathode electrode 13 of the fuel cell unit 1, and a fuel gas is supplied to the anode electrode 11.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG.
- 1 is a fuel cell unit
- 11 is an anode electrode
- 12 is a solid electrolyte layer
- 13 is a cathode electrode
- 14 is a porous metal support
- 2 is a current collecting auxiliary layer
- 3 is a separator
- 4 is a contact material layer.
- 6 are seal members.
- the cathode electrode 13 of the present invention not only functions as a power generation element, but also functions as a buffer material that prevents protrusions at the ends of the current collecting auxiliary layer from attacking and damaging the solid electrolyte layer 12. At least a part of the end portion in the surface direction of the electrode 13 extends outside the end portion in the surface direction of the current collecting auxiliary layer 2.
- the extension length (CL) at which the end portion of the cathode electrode extends outside the end portion of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 described later is larger than the difference in thermal expansion between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the current collection auxiliary layer 2. Longer is preferred.
- the cathode electrode 13 is bonded to the solid electrolyte layer 12 based on the thermal expansion of the solid electrolyte layer 12, and the expansion / contraction of the cathode electrode 13 in the in-plane direction is the expansion of the solid electrolyte layer 12. ⁇ To follow contraction.
- the extension length (CL) is longer than the difference in thermal expansion between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the current collecting auxiliary layer 2, so that the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 are thermally expanded. Since the end of this always extends beyond the end of the current collecting auxiliary layer 2, it functions as a buffer and can prevent the solid electrolyte layer 12 from being damaged.
- the extension length (CL) is preferably longer than 1/1000 of the length of the cathode electrode 13.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of ferritic stainless steel used for the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 is 11.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / ° C. (average of 0 ° C. to 650 ° C.), and the YSZ wire used for the solid electrolyte layer 12 is The expansion coefficient is 10.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / ° C. Therefore, the extension length (CL) is longer than 1/1000 of the length of the cathode electrode 13, so that the solid electrolyte layer 12 can be prevented from being damaged.
- the portion of the cathode electrode 13 that extends outward from the end of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 is a portion that does not contribute to power generation, and therefore the upper limit of the extension length (CL) is about 1/1100. It is preferable.
- the length of the cathode electrode 13 means the total length of the cathode electrode 13 in the direction in which the cathode electrode 13 extends from the end of the current collection auxiliary layer 2.
- Examples of the constituent material of the cathode electrode 13 include perovskite oxides.
- Examples of the perovskite oxide include perovskite oxides (for example, LSCF (lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide), LSM (lanthanum strontium manganese oxide), and the like.
- anode electrode As the anode electrode 11, a metal catalyst made of a metal and / or alloy having hydrogen oxidation activity and stable in a reducing atmosphere can be used.
- metal catalyst examples include nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), Ni—Fe alloy, Ni—Co alloy, Fe—Co alloy, Ni—Cu alloy, Pd— Pt alloy etc. can be mentioned.
- Solid oxide layer 12 of the fuel cell unit 1 an oxide having oxygen ion conductivity and functioning as a solid electrolyte can be used.
- YSZ yttria stabilized zirconia: Zr 1-x Y x O 2
- SSZ scandium stabilized zirconia: Zr 1-x Sc x O 2
- SDC samarium doped ceria: Ce 1-x Sm x O 2
- GDC gadolinium doped ceria: Ce 1-x Gd x O 2
- LSGM lanthanum strontium magnesium gallate: La 1-x Sr x Ga 1-y Mg y O 3 ) and the like.
- the porous metal support 14 supports the anode electrode 11, the solid electrolyte layer 12, and the cathode electrode 13 from the anode electrode 11 side.
- porous metal support 14 examples include those obtained by solidifying metal particles or metal fibers by sintering or pressing, or those obtained by forming holes in a metal plate by etching or mechanical treatment to form a porous body. Etc. can be used.
- Examples of the metal material constituting the porous metal support 14 include metal materials such as stainless steel, iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), and silver (Ag). be able to.
- the fuel cell unit 1 can be formed by laminating on one surface of the porous metal support 14.
- the stacking method of the fuel cell unit 1 may be either a dry method or a wet method.
- Examples of the dry method include DC heating vapor deposition, ion beam vapor deposition, reactive ion beam vapor deposition, dipole sputtering, magnetron sputtering, reactive sputtering, tripolar sputtering, ion beam sputtering, and ion plating.
- Examples thereof include a ting method, a hollow cathode beam method, an ion beam implantation method or a plasma CVD method, and a method in which these methods are arbitrarily combined.
- examples of the wet method include inkjet, dispenser, roll coater or screen printing, and a method in which these are arbitrarily combined.
- the wet method can be formed by forming a film using a slurry material or a paste material.
- the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 forms a conductive path from the cathode electrode 13 to the separator 3, facilitates the transfer of the electric charge of the cathode electrode 13 to the separator 3, and reduces the electric resistance of the entire fuel cell single cell.
- a conductive portion 21 made of a metal material and a gas flow hole 22 penetrating in the stacking direction.
- an expanded metal shown in FIG. 4 a punching metal shown in FIG. 5, a metal mesh shown in FIG. 6, and a part of a flat plate shown in FIG.
- a cantilever spring or the like having many gas flow holes 22 penetrating in the stacking direction can be used.
- the same metal material as that constituting the porous metal support 14 can be used.
- the size of the gas flow holes 22 of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 is the width of the gas flow path G formed by the separator 3 described later, that is, the wave-shaped convex portions and the convex portions of the separator contacting the current collection auxiliary layer 2. It is smaller than the interval with the part.
- the cathode electrode 13 and the contact material layer 4 to be described later are made of a metal oxide having a higher electric resistance than a metal, if the distance that the electric charge moves in the cathode electrode or the contact material layer is long, the fuel The power generation efficiency of the battery single cell C will fall.
- the charge of the cathode electrode 13 passes through the conductive portion 21 of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 to the separator 3. Moving. Therefore, since the distance that the electric charge moves in the cathode electrode and the contact material layer is shortened, the electric resistance can be lowered.
- the width of the conductive portion 21 of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 is preferably 0.5 mm to 0.15 mm.
- the SOFC has a high operating temperature and is easily formed with an oxide film.
- the oxide film is formed on the cathode side for supplying oxygen gas, and the electrical resistance is likely to increase.
- the current collection auxiliary layer 2 When the width of the conductive portion 21 is less than 0.5 mm, the current collection auxiliary layer 2 has a large surface area and a large contact area with the oxygen-containing gas, so that the current collection auxiliary layer 2 is oxidized and the electrical resistance increases. It becomes easy.
- the width of the conductive portion 21 exceeds 0.15 mm, the distance that the oxygen-containing gas wraps around the portion of the cathode electrode 13 that contacts the conductive portion 21 becomes long, and it is difficult for the cathode electrode 13 to be used for power generation. There are places where the power generation efficiency may decrease.
- the porosity of the gas circulation holes 22 in the current collection auxiliary layer 2 is preferably 30% to 80%. If it is less than 30%, it becomes difficult to supply the oxygen-containing gas to the cathode electrode 13, and if it exceeds 80%, the distance that the charge moves in the cathode electrode or the contact material layer becomes long.
- the separator 3 has a continuous convex portion. And the said convex part contacts the current collection auxiliary
- the separator 3, the current collecting auxiliary layer 2, and the porous metal support 14 of the fuel cell single cell C adjacent to the separator 3 are preferably joined by a metal portion 31.
- the metal joint 31 is formed by continuously connecting the metal materials constituting the current collecting auxiliary layer 2, the separator 3, and the porous metal support 14 directly and / or via other metal materials. It does not have an oxide film inside.
- Integrating and continuing the above metal materials prevents oxygen-containing gas from entering the metal joint 31 and prevents an oxide film from being formed inside the metal joint.
- the electrical resistance between the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 and the separator 3 and the porous metal support 14 of the fuel cell single cell C adjacent to the separator 3 can be kept low, and the power generation efficiency is improved. be able to.
- the metal joint 31 can be formed by welding or brazing.
- the welding refers to melting the metal members to be joined themselves and integrating the joined metal members continuously.
- Brazing means that the metal members to be joined are made continuous by a metal material other than the metal members to be joined.
- the separator 3 can be formed by pressing a flat plate made of a metal material into a corrugated shape.
- the metal material constituting the separator 3 the same metal material as that constituting the porous metal support 14 can be used.
- the single fuel cell C of the present invention can include a contact material layer 4 between the cathode electrode 13 and the current collection auxiliary layer 2.
- the contact material layer 4 joins the cathode electrode 13 and the current collection auxiliary layer 2 over the entire surface, and serves as a buffer material between the current collection auxiliary layer 2 and the solid electrolyte layer 12.
- the members constituting the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 are often uneven or warped, and when fixed to the separator 3, they are likely to wrinkle or twist. Therefore, it is difficult to bring the cathode electrode 13 of the fuel cell unit C and the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 into direct contact with each other, and the contact resistance increases.
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 used for SOFC is compressed.
- the included fuel cell unit C is a thin and hard member, and the hard current collecting auxiliary layer 2 is also a hard member, so that the fuel cell unit C is damaged by the pressing force.
- the contact material layer 4 By providing the contact material layer 4 between the cathode electrode 13 and the current collection auxiliary layer 2, the contact material layer 4 absorbs unevenness and warpage of the current collection auxiliary layer 2, and the bonding surface with the cathode electrode 13 is formed. Since it can be made flat, the cathode electrode 13 and the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 can be satisfactorily bonded.
- a material having a small contact resistance with the cathode electrode 13 by sintering together with the cathode electrode 13 can be used.
- metal oxides constituting the solid oxide layer are included. These can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination.
- the contact resistance can be reduced by integrating with the cathode electrode 13, and the electrical resistance can be lowered over a long period of time without causing peeling. .
- the contact material 4 layer is formed by mixing the metal oxide particles with an organic binder, an organic solvent or the like in an ink form or a paste form, or molding the sheet into a flexible sheet or plate to have a desired shape. It can be formed by punching.
- the thickness of the contact material layer 4 is not particularly limited as long as the unevenness and warpage of the current collecting auxiliary layer are absorbed and the surface opposite to the current collecting auxiliary layer, that is, the surface joined to the cathode electrode can be made flat. There is no.
- the depth at which the conductive portion 21 of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 enters the contact material layer 4 is greater than the thickness of the contact material layer 4.
- the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 protrudes from the contact surface between the contact material layer 4 and the cathode electrode 13 to prevent the cathode electrode from being damaged. Therefore, by sintering, the contact material layer 4 and the cathode electrode 13 are integrated on the entire surface, and the contact resistance can be reduced.
- the conductive portion 21 of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 enters the contact material layer 4 and is joined thereto. Since the conductive portion 21 enters the contact material layer 4, the contact resistance between the current collection auxiliary layer 2 and the contact material layer 4 is reduced, and the current collection auxiliary layer 2 and the contact material layer 4 are firmly bonded. it can.
- the electrical resistance of the entire system is remarkably increased.
- the conductive portion 21 enters the contact material layer 4 and is joined to the entire surface, thereby reducing the electrical resistance. Increase can be prevented.
- the conductive portion 21 and the contact material layer 4 are joined by applying an ink-like / paste-like contact material layer coating solution onto the member constituting the current collecting auxiliary layer 2. Flows into the gas flow hole 22, so that the conductive portion 21 of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 can join the contact material layer 4.
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 can be prevented from being damaged by the current collection auxiliary layer 2.
- FIG. 8 shows a gas flow path direction of the single fuel cell of the present embodiment, that is, a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ shown in FIG.
- the convex portion of the separator 3 is in contact with the current collecting auxiliary layer, and a fuel gas flow path is formed on the lower side of the fuel cell unit 1 centering on the paper surface.
- Oxygen-containing gas flow paths are formed in front of and on the upper side of the paper. Note that the same components as those of the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the end of the cathode 13 on the upstream side in the gas flow direction of the oxygen-containing gas is the end on the upstream side of the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 in the direction of the gas flow of the oxygen-containing gas. It extends to the outside, that is, is located upstream of the oxygen-containing gas in the gas flow path direction.
- the extension length (CL) at which the end portion of the cathode electrode extends outward from the end portion of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the SOFC has a high operating temperature, and when the temperature is increased rapidly by flowing a high-temperature gas through the oxygen-containing gas flow path in order to shorten the cold start time, the side near the manifold that supplies the oxygen-containing gas Temperature rises.
- the upstream side of the oxygen-containing gas in the gas flow path is the place where the separator 3 pushes the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 most.
- the upstream end of the cathode electrode 13 in the gas flow direction of the oxygen-containing gas extends beyond the upstream end of the current collecting auxiliary layer in the direction of the gas flow. It is possible to prevent the solid electrolyte layer 12 from being damaged easily.
- FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. Note that the same components as those of the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- each layer constituting the fuel cell unit has a different coefficient of thermal expansion, so that bending deformation occurs like a bimetal under high temperature conditions as shown in FIG.
- the end portion of the fuel cell unit C is formed as shown by an arrow in FIG.
- the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 is pushed, and the solid electrolyte layer 12 of the fuel cell unit is damaged by receiving a reaction force from the current collecting auxiliary layer 2.
- the end portion of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 Since the end portion of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 is positioned outside the outermost convex portion of the separator 3, the end portion of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 does not resist bending deformation of the fuel cell unit C.
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 can be prevented from being damaged.
- the extension length (SL) at which the end of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 is located outside the convex part of the separator 3 depends on the fuel cell unit C and the current collection auxiliary layer 2, but the current collection assistance It is preferably 20 times or more the thickness (h) of the layer 2.
- the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 When the extension length (SL) is 20 times or more the thickness (h) of the current collecting auxiliary layer 2, the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 is bent and the load that the fuel cell unit C receives from the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 However, it becomes 1/10 or less of the bending stress applied to the fuel cell unit itself due to the thermal expansion of the fuel cell unit C, and it is possible to prevent the solid electrolyte layer 12 from being pressed and damaged.
- the current collection auxiliary layer 2 bends like a beam having the outermost convex portion of the separator 3 as a fixed end, so that the load applied to the current collection auxiliary layer 2 due to the bending deformation of the fuel cell unit C is reduced. It becomes smaller than the breaking stress of C, and the damage of the fuel cell unit C can be prevented.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. Note that the same components as those of the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the metal joint portion 31 By fixing the end portion of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 to the outer side of the convex portion on the outermost side in the surface direction of the convex portion of the separator, that is, to a place other than the convex portion of the separator 3 by the metal joint portion 31.
- the end of the current collecting auxiliary layer 2 is prevented from attacking the solid electrolyte layer 12, and the solid electrolyte layer 12 is prevented from being damaged.
- the fuel cell single cell C of this embodiment has a contact material layer 4 between the cathode electrode 13 and the current collection auxiliary layer 2. And the edge part of the said contact material layer 4 in the direction orthogonal to the said gas flow path, ie, the part outside the convex part of the outermost surface direction of the said separator, is thicker than the inner side.
- a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. Note that the same components as those of the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the distance from the end of the current collection auxiliary layer 2 to the solid electrolyte layer 12 is increased.
- the contact material layer 4 serves as a buffer material, the solid electrolyte layer 12 is prevented from being damaged.
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Abstract
Description
そして、上記固体電解質層の損傷によって、ガスがクロスリークして発電効率が低下したり、上記突起が上記固体電解質層を貫通して穴を開け、短絡したりすることがある。
そして、上記カソード電極の面方向の端部の少なくとも一部が、上記集電補助層の面方向の端部よりも外側に延出したものであることを特徴とする。
図1に本発明の燃料電池単セルCの構成を説明する分解状態の図を示す。
上記燃料電池単セルCは、燃料電池ユニット1と、集電補助層2と、セパレータ3とを備えるものである。
図3中、1は燃料電池ユニット、11はアノード電極、12は固体電解質層、13はカソード電極、14は多孔質金属支持体、2は集電補助層、3はセパレータ、4は接点材層、6はシール部材である。
本発明のカソード電極13は、発電要素として機能するだけでなく、集電補助層端部の突起が固体電解質層12を攻撃し損傷させることを防止する緩衝材としても機能するものであり、カソード電極13の面方向の端部の少なくとも一部が、上記集電補助層2の面方向の端部よりも外側に延出したものである。
したがって、延出長さ(CL)が、カソード電極13の長さの1/1000よりも長いことで、固体電解質層12の損傷を防止できる。
上記ペロブスカイト型酸化物としては、例えば、ペロブスカイト系酸化物(例えば、LSCF(ランタンストロンチウムコバルト鉄酸化物)、LSM(ランタンストロンチウムマンガン酸化物)等を挙げることができる。
上記アノード電極11としては、水素酸化活性を有し、還元性雰囲気中で安定な金属及び/又は合金から成る金属触媒を使用できる。
上記燃料電池ユニット1の固体電解質層12としては、酸素イオン伝導性を備え、固体電解質として機能する酸化物を使用できる。
上記多孔質金属支持体14は、アノード電極11、固体電解質層12、及びカソード電極13を上記アノード電極11側から支持するものである。
上記多孔質金属支持体14としては、積層方向に貫通する連続孔を多数有するものを使用できる。
集電補助層2は、カソード電極13からセパレータ3への導電パスを形成し、カソード電極13の電荷をセパレータ3に移動させ易くして、燃料電池単セル全体の電気抵抗を低下させるものであり、金属材料から成る導電部21と積層方向に貫通するガス流通孔22とを有するものである。
したがって、カソード電極内や接点材層内を電荷が移動する距離が短くなるため電気抵抗を低下させることができる。
SOFCは、運転温度が高く酸化被膜が形成され易いものであり、特に酸素ガス供給するカソード側で酸化被膜が形成されて電気抵抗が増大しやすいものである。
30%未満ではカソード電極13に酸素含有ガスを供給し難くなり、80%を超えるとカソード電極内や接点材層内を電荷が移動する距離が長くなる。
上記セパレータ3は連続する凸部を有するものである。そして、上記凸部が集電補助層2又は隣接する燃料電池単セルCと接触して、上記集電補助層2と隣接する燃料電池単セルCとを電気的に接合すると共に、上記集電補助層2及び隣接する燃料電池単セルCとの間にガス流路Gを形成するものである。
ここで、溶接とは接合する金属部材自体を溶かし、接合する金属部材同士を連続させて一体化することをいい。ろう付けとは、接合する金属部材以外の金属材料によって、接合する金属部材同士を連続させて一体化することをいう。
セパレータ3を構成する金属材料としては、上記多孔質金属支持体14を構成する金属材料と同様なものを使用できる。
本発明の燃料電池単セルCは、カソード電極13と集電補助層2との間に接点材層4を備えることができる。
上記接点材層4は、上記カソード電極13と上記集電補助層2とを全面で接合させると共に、集電補助層2と固体電解質層12との間で緩衝材となるものである。
したがって、焼結することで接点材層4とカソード電極13とが全面で一体化し、接触抵抗を低減させることができる。
本実施形態の燃料電池単セルのガス流路方向、すなわち、図1に示すB-B’の断面図を図8に示す。図8の上側の燃料電池単セルでは、セパレータ3の凸部が集電補助層に接触し、燃料電池ユニット1の下側に紙面を中心に燃料ガス流路が形成され、燃料電池ユニット1の上側の紙面手前と奥に酸素含有ガス流路が形成されている。
なお、先の実施形態と同一の構成部位は、同一符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。
なお、カソード電極の端部が集電補助層2の端部よりも外側に延出する延出長さ(CL)は、上記第1の実施形態と同様である。
本実施形態の燃料電池単セルCは、ガス流路方向と直交する方向の上記集電補助層2の端部が、上記ガス流路を形成する上記セパレータの凸部の面方向最も外側の凸部よりも外側に位置するものである。
図1中のA-A’で切ったときの断面図を図9に示す。
なお、先の実施形態と同一の構成部位は、同一符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。
このとき、集電補助層2の曲げ変形は、セパレータ3の曲げ変形によって上記燃料電池ユニットCの曲げ変形よりも小さくなるため、図10中矢印で示すように、燃料電池ユニットCの端部が集電補助層2を押し、集電補助層2からの反力を受けて燃料電池ユニットの固体電解質層12が破損する。
本実施形態の燃料電池単セルCは、上記集電補助層2の上記ガス流路と直交する方向の端部を、上記セパレータの面方向最も外側の凸部よりも外側に固定したものである。
図1中のA-A’で切ったときの断面図を図11に示す。
なお、先の実施形態と同一の構成部位は、同一符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。
本実施形態の燃料電池単セルCは、カソード電極13と集電補助層2との間に接点材層4を有するものである。そして、上記接点材層4の上記ガス流路と直交する方向の端部、すなわち、上記セパレータの面方向最も外側の凸部よりも外側の部分がその内側よりも厚いものである。
図1中のA-A’で切ったときの断面図を図12に示す。
なお、先の実施形態と同一の構成部位は、同一符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。
11 アノード電極
12 固体電解質層
13 カソード電極
14 多孔質金属支持体
2 集電補助層
3 セパレータ
4 接点材層
5 フレーム
6 シール部材
G ガス流路
H1~H4 マニホールド
C 燃料電池単セル
Claims (12)
- アノード電極、電解質層、カソード電極を順に積層した燃料電池ユニットと、セパレータと、上記燃料電池ユニットのカソード電極と上記セパレータとの間に集電補助層を備える燃料電池単セルであって、
上記セパレータが上記集電補助層と接触する凸部を有し、上記集電補助層との間にガス流路を形成するものであり、
上記カソード電極の面方向の端部の少なくとも一部が、上記集電補助層の面方向の端部よりも外側に延出したものであることを特徴とする燃料電池単セル。 - 上記集電補助層が、導電部と上記燃料電池ユニットの積層方向に貫通するガス流通孔とを有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池単セル。
- 上記集電補助層が、エキスパンドメタルであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池単セル。
- 上記カソード電極の端部が上記集電補助層の端部よりも外側に延出する延出長さが、
上記カソード電極の長さの1/1000よりも長いことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1つの項に記載の燃料電池単セル。 - 上記カソード電極のガス流路方向と直交する面方向の端部が、上記集電補助層のガス流路方向と直交する面方向の端部よりも延出して外側に位置することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1つの項に記載の燃料電池単セル。
- 上記カソード電極のガス流路方向上流側端部が、上記集電補助層のガス流路方向上流側端部よりも延出してガス流路方向上流側に位置することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1つの項に記載の燃料電池単セル。
- 上記集電補助層のガス流路方向の端部及び/又はガス流路方向と直交する方向の端部が、上記セパレータの凸部の面方向最も外側の凸部よりも外側に位置することを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1つの項に記載の燃料電池単セル。
- 上記集電補助層の端部が上記ガス流路を形成するセパレータの凸部の面方向最も外側の凸部よりも外側に位置する延出長さが、上記集電補助層の厚さの20倍以上であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料電池単セル。
- ガス流路方向と直交する方向の上記集電補助層の端部が上記セパレータに固定されたものであり、
上記集電補助層の固定位置が、上記ガス流路を形成するセパレータの面方向最も外側の凸部よりも外側であることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1つの項に記載の燃料電池単セル。 - 上記燃料電池ユニットのカソード電極と上記集電補助層との間に、接点材層を有するものであり、
上記集電補助層の導電部が、上記接点材層に入り込んで接合したものであること特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか1つの項に記載の燃料電池単セル。 - 上記接点材層が、上記セパレータが上記集電補助層に接触するガス流路方向と直交する方向の最も外側の凸部よりも外側の部分がその内側よりも厚いものであることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1つの項に記載の燃料電池単セル。
- 上記集電補助層の導電部が上記接点材層に入り込んだ深さが、上記接点材層の厚さよりも浅いものであることを特徴とする請求項10又は11に記載の燃料電池単セル。
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