WO2017170983A1 - 圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置 - Google Patents
圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017170983A1 WO2017170983A1 PCT/JP2017/013532 JP2017013532W WO2017170983A1 WO 2017170983 A1 WO2017170983 A1 WO 2017170983A1 JP 2017013532 W JP2017013532 W JP 2017013532W WO 2017170983 A1 WO2017170983 A1 WO 2017170983A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
Definitions
- the present invention is a form filled with an adsorbent that adsorbs the miscellaneous gas from the source gas containing the gas to be purified and other miscellaneous gas, and connects the source gas supply path and the off-gas discharge path to one end side, And about each of a plurality of adsorption towers provided in a form where the product gas discharge path is connected to the other end side, An adsorption process for adsorbing the miscellaneous gas from the source gas supplied through the source gas supply path and discharging the purification target gas through the product gas discharge path, and desorption for discharging the miscellaneous gas through the off-gas discharge path
- the present invention relates to a pressure fluctuation adsorption type gas production apparatus provided with an operation control unit that sequentially performs operation cycles including processes with different phases.
- Patent Document 1 describes a hydrogen-containing gas containing hydrogen as a purification target gas as a source gas and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and the like as miscellaneous gases.
- the supply pressure for supplying the raw material gas to the adsorption tower is a constant pressure determined according to the type of the raw material gas and the like. Is maintained.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to improve the recovery rate of the purification target gas for each of the changed concentrations when the concentration of the purification target gas of the source gas changes.
- the object is to provide a pressure fluctuation adsorption type gas production apparatus that can be used.
- the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas production apparatus of the present invention is filled with an adsorbent that adsorbs the miscellaneous gas from the source gas containing the gas to be purified and other miscellaneous gases, and the source gas supply path and off-gas discharge About each of a plurality of adsorption towers provided in a form in which the path is connected to one end side and the product gas discharge path is connected to the other end side,
- An operation control unit that sequentially performs operation cycles including processes with different phases is provided.
- a pressure adjusting unit for adjusting a source gas supply pressure for supplying the source gas to the adsorption tower in the adsorption step, and a source gas concentration detecting unit for detecting the concentration of the purification target gas of the source gas, Based on the detection information of the source gas concentration detector, the operation control unit adjusts the pressure to adjust the source gas supply pressure to a target pressure determined according to the concentration of the purification target gas of the source gas. The point is to adjust the part.
- the operation control unit adjusts the pressure adjustment unit based on the detection information of the source gas concentration detection unit, so that the source gas supply pressure for supplying the source gas to the adsorption tower in the adsorption step is the gas to be purified of the source gas.
- the target pressure is adjusted according to the concentration of the liquid.
- the source gas supply pressure is adjusted to the target pressure determined according to the concentration of the purification target gas of the source gas, so that even if the concentration of the purification target gas of the source gas changes, each of the changed concentrations Thus, the recovery rate of the gas to be purified can be improved.
- the inventor of the present invention has made an appropriate adjustment of the raw material gas supply pressure (corresponding to the adsorption pressure) for each of the changing concentrations.
- the inventors have found that the recovery rate of the gas to be purified at each of the changing concentrations can be improved by changing the pressure.
- the raw material gas supply pressure (corresponding to the adsorption pressure) is set to a high pressure in order to properly adsorb a large amount of miscellaneous gas to the adsorbent packed in the adsorption tower.
- the source gas supply pressure (corresponding to the adsorption pressure) is set to a lower pressure than when the concentration is low. They have found that the recovery rate can be improved.
- the reason for this is that when the concentration of the gas to be purified of the raw material gas is high, if the raw material gas supply pressure (equivalent to the adsorption pressure) is set to a high pressure, as in the case of the low concentration, the raw material containing the gas to be purified at a high concentration The amount of gas filled into the adsorption tower in the adsorption process is increased, and a large amount of such raw material gas containing the gas to be purified is discharged as off-gas through the off-gas discharge passage in the desorption process. Because it becomes.
- the target pressure of the source gas supply pressure (equivalent to the adsorption pressure) is determined according to the change in the concentration of the source gas purification target gas, and the source gas supply pressure (equivalent to the adsorption pressure) is set to the source gas purification target.
- the recovery rate of the purification target gas can be improved for each of the changed concentrations.
- the operation control unit has at least one of the concentration of the purification target gas in the source gas and the concentration of the purification target gas discharged from the adsorption tower. Based on the above, the adsorption time for performing the adsorption step is changed and adjusted.
- the operation control unit changes the adsorption time for performing the adsorption process based on at least one of the concentration of the purification target gas of the source gas and the concentration of the purification target gas discharged from the adsorption tower. Even if the concentration of the purification target gas changes, the concentration of the purification target gas discharged through the product gas discharge path can be maintained at an appropriate concentration.
- the concentration of the gas to be purified of the raw material gas the shorter the adsorption time.
- the concentration of the gas to be purified of the product gas discharged from the adsorption tower the lower the adsorption time.
- the concentration of the gas to be purified of the raw material gas and the concentration of the gas to be purified of the product gas discharged from the adsorption tower the lower the concentration of the gas to be purified of the raw material gas, the shorter the adsorption time is changed.
- the adsorption time is set in a feed-forward manner, and the adsorption time is changed so that the adsorption time is shortened as the concentration of the product gas to be purified discharged from the adsorption tower decreases. May be corrected.
- the concentration of the gas to be purified discharged from the adsorption tower can be maintained at an appropriate concentration.
- a further characteristic configuration of the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas production apparatus of the present invention is that the raw material gas is a methane-containing gas containing 50% or more of methane as the purification target gas, and is discharged through the product gas discharge passage.
- the product gas is a product gas containing 80% or more of methane.
- a methane-containing gas containing 50% or more of methane as a gas to be purified can be purified into a product gas containing 80% or more of methane with excellent recovery efficiency.
- methane-containing gas examples include biogas, coal mine methane, natural gas, etc.
- Biogas is a gas containing, for example, about 70% methane and about 30% carbon dioxide.
- the gas can also be purified to a product gas containing 80% or more of methane with good recovery efficiency.
- a methane-containing gas containing 50% or more of methane as a gas to be purified can be purified to a product gas containing 80% or more of methane with high recovery efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas production apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control configuration. Is a table showing the operation cycle. These are tables showing the relationship between the methane concentration in the raw material gas and the process correction value. These are tables showing the behavior of the adsorption time correction value. These are the tables
- the raw material gas G is coal mine methane containing 50% or more of methane as the gas to be purified and air as the miscellaneous gas, and the miscellaneous gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent of the adsorption tower 1 and the methane is 90
- the methane gas containing at least% is discharged from the adsorption tower 1 as the product gas H.
- the coal mine methane as the raw material gas G is mainly composed of methane and air, and has a methane content of about 70%, for example.
- the pressure fluctuation adsorption type gas manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment is comprised so that the gas purification for obtaining the product gas H containing 90% or more of methane may be performed, for example.
- a main component of at least one material selected from activated carbon, molecular sieve carbon, zeolite, and a porous metal complex can be used as the adsorbent filled in the adsorption tower 1.
- the pore diameter is 0.38 nm or more measured by the MP method
- the pore volume at the pore diameter does not exceed 0.01 cm 3 / g
- the pore volume at the pore diameter of 0.34 nm is 0. .
- Molecular sieve carbon of 20 cm 3 / g or more is used.
- a tower, B tower, C tower, and D tower are provided as four adsorption towers 1, and the lower end side of the four adsorption towers 1 is provided with a compressor 2 as a raw material booster.
- a source gas supply path 3 that supplies the pressurized source gas G and an offgas discharge path 4 that discharges offgas are connected.
- source gas supply valves A1, B1, C1, D1 for opening and closing the source gas supply path 3 and off gas discharge valves A5, B5 for opening and closing the off gas discharge path 4, C5 and D5 are provided.
- the offgas discharge path 4 is provided with an offgas tank T for storing offgas.
- the internal pressure of the off-gas tank T is a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, and off-gas discharged from the adsorption tower 1 through the off-gas discharge path 4 is stored in a desorption process described later.
- the off gas stored in the off gas tank T is supplied to a combustion section for various uses and burned or used as a recycle gas.
- a pressure sensor 11 that detects a source gas supply pressure, which is a pressure at which the source gas G is supplied by the compressor 2, is provided.
- a source gas supply pressure which is a pressure at which the source gas G is supplied by the compressor 2
- the raw material gas supply pressure is the adsorption tower 1. This corresponds to the adsorption pressure at.
- the source gas supply pressure is adjusted between 650 and 900 (kPaG), details of which will be described later.
- a product gas discharge path 5 for sending the product gas H is provided, and the product gas H is stored in the product gas tank 6 through the product gas discharge path 5.
- a tower communication passage 7 for connecting the four adsorption towers 1 to each other is connected to the upper part of the four adsorption towers 1.
- product gas delivery valves A 2, B 2, C 2, D 2 for opening and closing the product gas discharge path 5, and communication on / off valves A 4, B 4 for opening and closing the tower communication path 7, C4 and D4 are provided.
- the product gas discharge path 5 is provided with a pressure control valve 10 that functions as a pressure adjusting unit that adjusts a source gas supply pressure for supplying the source gas G to the adsorption tower 1. That is, by adjusting the opening degree of the pressure control valve 10, the outflow of gas from the adsorption tower 1 is limited, and the above-described source gas supply pressure is changed and adjusted, and the adjusted source gas supply pressure is a pressure sensor. 11 is detected.
- a pressure control valve 10 that functions as a pressure adjusting unit that adjusts a source gas supply pressure for supplying the source gas G to the adsorption tower 1. That is, by adjusting the opening degree of the pressure control valve 10, the outflow of gas from the adsorption tower 1 is limited, and the above-described source gas supply pressure is changed and adjusted, and the adjusted source gas supply pressure is a pressure sensor. 11 is detected.
- the raw material side concentration sensor that detects the methane gas concentration (the methane concentration in the raw material gas) that is the concentration of the gas to be purified of the raw material gas G.
- the product gas discharge path 5 is provided with a product-side concentration sensor SH that detects a methane gas concentration (a methane concentration in the product gas) that is a concentration of the gas to be purified of the product gas H.
- an operation control unit F for controlling the operation of the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas production apparatus is provided, and the operation control unit F is connected to the raw material gas supply valves A1 to D1, the product gas delivery valves A2 to D2, and the communication is intermittent.
- the valves A4 to D4 and the off-gas discharge valves A5 to D5 each of the four adsorption towers 1 is configured to perform the operation cycle shown in the table of FIG.
- each of the four adsorption towers 1 is configured to sequentially execute an operation process determined in a form in which an operation cycle is divided into 16 steps with phases different from each other.
- the operation cycle will be described on behalf of the tower A.
- Steps 1 to 3 the source gas supply valve A1 and the product gas delivery valve A2 corresponding to the A tower are opened, and the source pressure and adsorption corresponding to the adsorption process are performed. That is, miscellaneous gas is adsorbed on the adsorbent while increasing the internal pressure of the A tower, and the product gas H is discharged through the product gas discharge path 5.
- the communication on / off valve A4 and off-gas discharge valve A5 are closed.
- step 4 the open / close valves A ⁇ b> 4 and B ⁇ b> 4 of the A tower and the B tower are opened, and the adsorption pressure equalization AB corresponding to the first-stage pressure equalizing step for pressure reduction for supplying the internal gas of the A tower to the B tower is performed.
- the raw material gas supply valve A1, the product gas delivery valve A2, and the off-gas discharge valve A5 are closed.
- the meaning of “AB” in the adsorption pressure equalization AB means that the internal gas of the high-pressure side A tower described above is supplied to the low-pressure side B tower described later, and so on. .
- step 5 all valves associated with Tower A are closed and waited.
- step 6 open / close valves A ⁇ b> 4 and C ⁇ b> 4 of the A tower and the C tower are opened, and pressure equalization AC corresponding to a middle pressure equalizing step for pressure reduction for supplying the internal gas of the A tower to the C tower is performed.
- the raw material gas supply valve A1, the product gas delivery valve A2, and the off-gas discharge valve A5 are closed.
- Step 7 the pressure on and off valves A4 and D4 of the A tower and the D tower are opened, and the pressure equalization AD corresponding to the final pressure equalizing step for pressure reduction for supplying the internal gas of the A tower to the D tower is performed.
- the raw material gas supply valve A1, the product gas delivery valve A2, and the off-gas discharge valve A5 are closed.
- Steps 8 to 10 the off-gas discharge valve A5 of the A tower is opened, and pressure reduction corresponding to the desorption process is performed. Incidentally, in this desorption process, the raw material gas supply valve A1, the product gas delivery valve A2, and the communication on / off valve A4 are closed.
- step 11 the pressure equalization BA corresponding to the first-stage pressure equalization step for boosting is performed by opening the communication on / off valves A4 and B4 of the A tower and the B tower and supplying the internal gas of the B tower to the A tower.
- the raw material gas supply valve A1, the product gas delivery valve A2, and the off-gas discharge valve A5 are closed.
- steps 12 and 13 all valves associated with Tower A are closed and waited.
- step 14 open / close valves A ⁇ b> 4 and C ⁇ b> 4 of the A tower and the C tower are opened, and pressure equalization CA corresponding to the middle pressure equalizing process for pressurization for supplying the internal gas of the C tower to the A tower is performed.
- the middle pressure equalizing step for boosting the raw material gas supply valve A1, the product gas delivery valve A2, and the off gas discharge valve A5 are closed.
- step 15 all valves associated with Tower A are closed and waited.
- step 16 the adsorbing pressure equalization DA corresponding to the final pressure equalizing step for pressurization is performed by opening the communication on / off valves A4 and D4 of the A column and the D column and supplying the internal gas of the D column to the A column.
- the raw material gas supply valve A1, the product gas delivery valve A2, and the off-gas discharge valve A5 are closed.
- the operation control unit F performs the adsorption process, the first pressure equalization process for pressure reduction, the middle pressure equalization process for pressure reduction, the final pressure equalization process for pressure reduction, the desorption in a state where the phases of the four adsorption towers 1 are different.
- An operation cycle including a process, an initial pressure equalizing process for boosting, a middle pressure equalizing process for boosting, and a final pressure equalizing process for boosting is sequentially executed.
- the operation control unit F sequentially executes an operation cycle including an adsorption process, a pressure-lowering pressure equalizing process, a desorption process, and a pressure-boosting pressure equalizing process in a state where the phases of the four adsorption towers 1 are different from each other. Is configured to do.
- X, t1, t2, and t3 are determined as step times (seconds) for executing each step for each of steps 1 to 16, and Each process is configured to be executed accordingly.
- the step times of Step 1, Step 5, Step 9, and Step 13 are times corresponding to the adsorption time correction value X for changing and adjusting the adsorption time for executing the adsorption process, and as will be described later, By correcting the time correction value X, the suction time for executing the suction process is changed and adjusted.
- the operation control unit F is configured to change and adjust the adsorption time for performing the adsorption process based on the detection information of the raw material side concentration sensor SG.
- the adsorption time correction value X corresponding to the time of Step 1, the time of Step 5, the time of Step 9, and the time of Step 13 is adjusted at once.
- the time of Step 1 corresponds to the adsorption time of Tower A
- the time of Step 5 corresponds to the adsorption time of Tower B
- the time of Step 9 corresponds to the adsorption time of Tower C
- the time of Step 13 Is a time corresponding to the adsorption time of the D tower.
- An example of the set time for steps 1 to 16 is shown in the lower part of FIG.
- the adsorption time of Tower A is the time obtained by adding the adsorption time correction value X in Step 1, the step time in Step 2, and the step time in Step 3.
- the adsorption time of the A tower is changed and adjusted, and the same applies to the adsorption time of the B tower, the adsorption time of the C tower, and the adsorption time of the D tower.
- the relationship between the methane gas concentration in the raw material gas detected by the raw material side concentration sensor SG and the process correction value is predetermined as shown in the table of FIG.
- the process correction value for the methane gas concentration in the raw material gas not shown in FIG. 4 is obtained by linear approximation.
- the adsorption time correction value X is set to an initial value (for example, 100 seconds). Then, each time the adsorption process is performed in each of the adsorption towers 1, the average methane concentration in the raw material gas, which is the average value of the methane concentration in the raw material gas during the cycle, is obtained. Note that the methane concentration in the average raw material gas is obtained as an average value of the sampled detection values by sampling the detection information of the raw material side concentration sensor SG every set time (for example, 500 ms).
- the process correction value is obtained based on the relationship of FIG. 4 with the average methane concentration in the raw material gas being the methane concentration in the raw material gas, and then, as shown in FIG. A value added to the correction value (initial value) X is set as a new adsorption time correction value X in the next adsorption process.
- the average methane concentration in the average raw material gas during the cycle is 65 (%) when the adsorption process of the number of elapsed adsorption processes y + 1 is executed, the adsorption process of the next number of elapsed adsorption processes y + 2 is “100 (seconds). ) ”And the process correction value“ ⁇ 5 (seconds) ”are added to the suction time correction value X. The same applies to the subsequent adsorption steps with the number of elapsed adsorption steps y + 3 to y + 6.
- the operation control unit F is configured to adjust the pressure control valve 10 so as to adjust the source gas supply pressure to the target pressure determined according to the methane concentration in the source gas based on the detection information of the source side concentration sensor SG. Has been.
- the operation control unit F is configured to adjust the opening degree of the pressure control valve 10 so that the source gas supply pressure detected by the pressure sensor 11 becomes the target pressure. Further, as the methane concentration in the raw material gas detected by the raw material side concentration sensor SG, the average methane concentration in the raw material gas obtained as an average value in the “adsorption time adjustment control” is used. That is, every time the adsorption process is executed, the target pressure in the adsorption process is set.
- the target pressure corresponding to the methane concentration in the raw material gas is obtained through experiments. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, for the same methane concentration in the raw material gas, the raw material gas supply pressure (corresponding to the adsorption pressure) with an excellent methane recovery rate is obtained while changing the raw material gas supply pressure (corresponding to the adsorption pressure). Thus, the source gas supply pressure is set to the target pressure.
- the target pressure is set to 650 kPaG, and when the methane concentration in the raw material gas is 80%, the target pressure is set to 700 kPaG, When the medium methane concentration is 70%, the target pressure for the methane concentration in the raw material gas is set, for example, the target pressure is set to 800 kPaG.
- the target pressure when the methane concentration in the raw material gas is 65%, the target pressure is set to 800 kPaG, and when it is 60%, the target pressure is set to 900 kPaG at 50%. In some cases, the target pressure may be set to 850 kPaG, but when the methane concentration in the raw material gas is less than 70%, the target pressure may be set to 800 kPaG.
- the target pressure is decreased as the concentration is higher, and when the methane concentration in the source gas is less than the set concentration (70%).
- the target pressure corresponding to the methane concentration in the raw material gas it is preferable to obtain the target pressure for many points of the methane concentration in the raw material gas. However, as shown in FIG.
- the target pressure is obtained by experiment, the methane concentration in the raw material gas for which the target pressure is not obtained is obtained using a linear approximation or the like with reference to the target pressure of the methane concentration in the nearby raw material gas.
- adsorption time adjustment control maintains the methane concentration in the product gas above the target concentration by changing and adjusting the adsorption time for performing the adsorption process according to the methane concentration in the raw material gas.
- the methane recovery rate can be improved by changing and adjusting the raw material supply pressure (corresponding to the adsorption pressure) according to the methane concentration in the raw material gas by the “control of the raw material supply pressure”.
- the operation control part F illustrated the case where the adsorption
- the relationship between the methane gas concentration in the product gas detected by the product side concentration sensor SH and the process correction value is determined in advance.
- the operation is started with the adsorption time correction value X as a preset initial value (for example, 100 seconds), and then the adsorption process is performed in each of the adsorption towers 1.
- the average methane concentration in the product gas which is the average value of the methane concentration in the product gas during the cycle, is obtained.
- the methane concentration in the average product gas is obtained as an average value of the sampled detection values by sampling the detection information of the product side concentration sensor SH every set time (for example, 500 ms).
- the process correction value is obtained based on the relationship of FIG. 6 with the average methane concentration in the product gas as the methane concentration in the product gas.
- a value obtained by adding the process correction value to the current adsorption time correction value (initial value) X is set as a new adsorption time correction value X in the next adsorption process.
- the process correction value is obtained based on the relationship of FIG.
- the suction time correction value X is set.
- the next process In the adsorption process with the number of adsorption processes y + 1, “100 (seconds)” obtained by adding the initial value “100 (seconds)” and the process correction value “0 (seconds)” is set as the adsorption time correction value X.
- the process correction value “0” of the first cycle is used in the adsorption process for the next number of elapsed adsorption processes y + 2.
- (Seconds) and the process correction value “ ⁇ 3 (seconds)” of the second cycle are added to the initial value “100 (seconds)” “97 (seconds)”.
- Second) is set as the suction time correction value X. The same applies to the subsequent number of adsorption steps y + 3 to y + 6.
- the methane concentration in the product gas is maintained above the target concentration by changing and adjusting the adsorption time for performing the adsorption process according to the methane concentration in the product gas by “adsorption time adjustment control”.
- the methane recovery rate can be improved by changing and adjusting the raw material supply pressure (corresponding to the adsorption pressure) according to the methane concentration in the raw material gas by the “control of the raw material supply pressure”.
- the operation control unit F changes and adjusts the adsorption time for performing the adsorption process based on the detection information of the raw material side concentration sensor SG and the detection information of the product side concentration sensor SH. .
- the relationship between the methane gas concentration in the raw material gas detected by the raw material side concentration sensor SG and the process correction value is determined in advance, and as shown in the table of FIG.
- the relationship between the methane gas concentration in the product gas detected by the side concentration sensor SH and the process correction value is predetermined. Then, at the start of the operation of the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas production apparatus, the operation is started with the adsorption time correction value X set as an initial value (for example, 100 seconds) set in advance.
- the average methane concentration in the raw material gas which is the average value of the methane concentration in the raw material gas in the cycle
- the methane concentration in the product gas in the cycle Obtain the average product gas methane concentration, which is the average value.
- the methane concentration in the raw material gas is obtained by sampling the detection information of the raw material side concentration sensor SG every set time (for example, 500 ms) and obtaining the average value of the sampled detection values.
- the detection information of the product side concentration sensor SH is sampled every set time (for example, 500 ms), and the average value of the sampled detection values is obtained.
- a process correction value for the raw material gas G is obtained based on the relationship shown in FIG.
- a process correction value for the product gas H is obtained based on the relationship shown in FIG.
- the current adsorption time correction value (initial value) X, the process correction value related to the raw material gas G corresponding to the adsorption process of the immediately preceding cycle, and the product corresponding to the adsorption process of the immediately preceding cycle The value obtained by adding the process correction value related to the gas H to the integrated value of the process correction value related to the product gas obtained when the adsorption process of the previous cycle is completed, and a new adsorption time correction value X in the next adsorption process It is comprised so that.
- the adsorption process of the first elapsed adsorption process number y is executed with the adsorption time correction value X being 100 (seconds), the average raw material gas methane concentration is 70 (%), and the average product gas methane If the concentration is 95 (%), the initial value “100 (seconds)”, the process correction value “0 (seconds)” for the raw material gas G, and the product gas in the next adsorption step with the number of elapsed adsorption steps y + 1
- the suction time correction value X is “100 (seconds)” added with the process correction value “0 (seconds)” for H.
- the methane concentration in the product gas can be improved by changing and adjusting the raw material supply pressure (equivalent to the adsorption pressure) according to the methane concentration in the raw material gas by “control of the raw material supply pressure” while maintaining the target concentration above the target concentration. .
- the raw material gas G is coal mine methane containing methane as the purification target gas and air or the like as the miscellaneous gas
- various gases such as biogas containing carbon dioxide, etc., gas modified from city gas, etc., that is, hydrogen as a gas to be purified, and various gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen as miscellaneous gases. This gas can be used as the source gas G.
- an apparatus including four adsorption towers 1 has been described as a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas production apparatus. However, three or five or more adsorption towers 1 are provided, In each of the adsorption towers 1, the adsorption process, the pressure-lowering pressure equalizing process, the desorption process, and the pressure-rising pressure equalizing process may be sequentially executed in a state where the phases are different.
- the raw material gas supply path 3 and the off-gas discharge path 4 are connected to the lower end side as one end side of the adsorption tower 1 and the other end side of the adsorption tower 1 is used.
- the product gas discharge path 5 is connected to the upper end side of the adsorption tower 1, but the raw material gas supply path 3 and the off-gas discharge path 4 are connected to the upper end side as one end side of the adsorption tower 1, and the adsorption tower
- the product gas discharge path 5 may be connected to the lower end side as the other end side of the first embodiment.
- the off-gas discharged from the adsorption tower 1 in the desorption step is stored in the off-gas tank T having an internal pressure of about atmospheric pressure.
- the offgas may be sucked at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, for example, by reducing the internal pressure of the offgas tank T below the atmospheric pressure.
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Abstract
Description
前記原料ガス供給路を通して供給される前記原料ガスから前記雑ガスを吸着して前記製品ガス排出路を通して前記精製対象ガスを排出する吸着工程、及び、前記オフガス排出路を通して前記雑ガスを排出する脱着工程を含む運転サイクルを、位相を異ならせて順次行う運転制御部が設けられた圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置に関する。
特許文献1においては、原料ガスとして、精製対象ガスとしての水素を含み、雑ガスとして、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素及びメタン等を含む水素含有ガスが記載されている。
前記原料ガス供給路を通して供給される前記原料ガスから前記雑ガスを吸着して前記製品ガス排出路を通して前記精製対象ガスを排出する吸着工程、及び、前記オフガス排出路を通して前記雑ガスを排出する脱着工程を含む運転サイクルを、位相を異ならせて順次行う運転制御部が設けられたものであって、その特徴構成は、
前記吸着工程において前記原料ガスを前記吸着塔に供給する原料ガス供給圧を調整する圧力調整部、及び、前記原料ガスの前記精製対象ガスの濃度を検出する原料ガス濃度検出部が設けられ、
前記運転制御部が、前記原料ガス濃度検出部の検出情報に基づいて、前記原料ガス供給圧を前記原料ガスの前記精製対象ガスの濃度に応じて定めた目標圧力に調整すべく、前記圧力調整部を調整する点にある。
以下、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
(圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置の全体構成)
本実施形態においては、原料ガスGが、精製対象ガスとしてメタンを50%以上含み、雑ガスとして空気を含む炭鉱メタンであり、雑ガスが、吸着塔1の吸着材に吸着され、メタンを90%以上含有するメタンガスが製品ガスHとして吸着塔1から排出されるように構成されている。
そして、4つの吸着塔1の夫々に対応して、原料ガス供給路3を開閉する原料ガス供給弁A1、B1、C1、D1、及び、オフガス排出路4を開閉するオフガス排出弁A5、B5、C5、D5が設けられている。
尚、オフガスタンクTに貯留されたオフガスは、諸々の用途の燃焼部に供給されて燃焼されたり、リサイクルガスとして用いられたりする。
ちなみに、圧縮機2に昇圧された原料ガスGは、配管抵抗により多少減圧して吸着塔1に供給されることになるものの、減圧量は少ないものであるから、原料ガス供給圧は吸着塔1における吸着圧に相当することになる。
尚、本実施形態においては、原料ガス供給圧は、650~900(kPaG)の間で調整されることになり、その詳細は後述する。
そして、4つの吸着塔1の夫々に対応して、製品ガス排出路5を開閉する製品ガス送出弁A2、B2、C2、D2、及び、塔連通路7を開閉する連通断続弁A4、B4、C4、D4が設けられている。
つまり、圧力制御弁10の開度調整により、吸着塔1からのガスの流出が制限されて、上述の原料ガス供給圧が変更調整されることになり、調整された原料ガス供給圧が圧力センサ11にて検出されることになる。
図2に示すように、圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置の運転を制御する運転制御部Fが設けられ、運転制御部Fが原料ガス供給弁A1~D1、製品ガス送出弁A2~D2、連通断続弁A4~D4、及び、オフガス排出弁A5~D5を制御することにより、4つの吸着塔1の夫々が、図3の表に示す運転サイクルを行うように構成されている。
4つの吸着塔1のうち、A塔を代表して、運転サイクルについて説明する。
尚、吸着均圧ABにおける「AB」の意味は、先に記載の高圧側のA塔の内部ガスを後に記載の低圧側のB塔に供給することを意味するものであり、以下同様である。
ステップ5においては、A塔に関連する全ての弁を閉じて待機する。
ステップ12及び13においては、A塔に関連する全ての弁を閉じて待機する。
ステップ16においては、A塔及びD塔の連通断続弁A4及びD4を開いて、D塔の内部ガスをA塔に供給する昇圧用終段均圧工程に相当する吸着均圧DAを行う。ちなみに、この昇圧用終段均圧工程においては、原料ガス供給弁A1、製品ガス送出弁A2及びオフガス排出弁A5を閉じる。
換言すれば、運転制御部Fが、4つの吸着塔1の夫々について、位相を異ならせる状態で、吸着工程、降圧用均圧工程、脱着工程、昇圧用均圧工程からなる運転サイクルを順次実行するように構成されている。
ちなみに、ステップ1、ステップ5、ステップ9、及び、ステップ13のステップ時間は、吸着工程を実行する吸着時間を変更調整するための吸着時間補正値Xに相当する時間であり、後述の如く、吸着時間補正値Xを補正することにより、吸着工程を実行する吸着時間が変更調整されるように構成されている。
運転制御部Fが、原料側濃度センサSGの検出情報に基づいて、吸着工程を行う吸着時間を変更調整するように構成されている。
本実施形態においては、ステップ1の時間、ステップ5の時間、ステップ9の時間、及び、ステップ13の時間に対応する吸着時間補正値Xを、一挙に増減調整するように構成されている。
尚、図3の下段には、ステップ1~16についての設定時間の一例を記載している。
尚、図4にて示されていない原料ガス中メタンガス濃度についての工程補正値は、線形近似により求められることになる。
尚、平均原料ガス中メタン濃度は、設定時間(例えば、500ms)ごとに原料側濃度センサSGの検出情報をサンプリングし、サンプリングした検出値の平均値として求めることになる。
続く、経過吸着工程数y+3~y+6の吸着工程についても同様である。
運転制御部Fが、原料側濃度センサSGの検出情報に基づいて、原料ガス供給圧を原料ガス中メタン濃度に応じて定めた目標圧力に調整すべく、圧力制御弁10を調整するように構成されている。
また、原料側濃度センサSGにて検出される原料ガス中メタン濃度として、「吸着時間の調整制御」にて平均値として求めた平均原料ガス中メタン濃度を用いるように構成されている。つまり、吸着工程を実行するごとに、次に、吸着工程における目標圧力が設定されるように構成されている。
すなわち、図11に示すように、同じ原料ガス中メタン濃度について、原料ガス供給圧(吸着圧に相当)を変化させながら、メタン回収率が優れた原料ガス供給圧(吸着圧に相当)を求めて、その原料ガス供給圧を目標圧力に設定することになる。
第1実施形態によれば、「吸着時間の調整制御」により、原料ガス中メタン濃度に応じて、吸着工程を行う吸着時間を変更調整することによって、製品ガス中メタン濃度を目標濃度以上に維持しながら、「原料供給圧の調整制御」により、原料ガス中メタン濃度に応じて、原料供給圧(吸着圧に相当)を変更調節することにより、メタン回収率を向上できる。
次に、圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置の第2実施形態を説明するが、この第2実施形態は、上記第1実施形態における「吸着時間の調整制御」の別実施形態を示すものであって、基本的な構成は上記第1実施形態と同様であるから、以下の説明においては、上記第1実施形態と異なる点を詳述する。
そして、圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置の運転開始時には、吸着時間補正値Xを予め設定した初期値(例えば、100秒)として運転を開始し、その後、吸着塔1の夫々にて吸着工程を行うサイクルごとに、そのサイクル中の製品ガス中メタン濃度の平均値である平均製品ガス中メタン濃度を求める。尚、平均製品ガス中メタン濃度は、設定時間(例えば、500ms)ごとに製品側濃度センサSHの検出情報をサンプリングし、サンプリングした検出値の平均値として求めることになる。
その後、2回目以降のサイクルの吸着工程を終了したときには、平均製品ガス中メタン濃度を製品ガス中メタン濃度として、図6の関係に基づいて、工程補正値を求め、求めた工程補正値と以前のサイクルの吸着工程を終了したときに求めた工程補正値の全てを加えた積算値を求め、その積算値を初期値(例えば、100秒)に加えた値を、次の吸着工程における新たな吸着時間補正値Xとするように構成されている。
この第2実施形態においても、「吸着時間の調整制御」により、製品ガス中メタン濃度に応じて、吸着工程を行う吸着時間を変更調整することによって、製品ガス中メタン濃度を目標濃度以上に維持しながら、「原料供給圧の調整制御」により、原料ガス中メタン濃度に応じて、原料供給圧(吸着圧に相当)を変更調節することにより、メタン回収率を向上できる。
次に、圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置の第3実施形態を説明するが、この第3実施形態は、上記第1実施形態における「吸着時間の調整制御」の別実施形態を示すものであって、基本的な構成は上記第1実施形態と同様であるから、以下の説明においては、上記第1実施形態と異なる点を詳述する。
そして、圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置の運転開始時には、吸着時間補正値Xを予め設定した初期値(例えば、100秒)として運転を開始する。
その後、吸着塔1の夫々にて吸着工程を行うサイクルごとに、そのサイクル中の原料ガス中メタン濃度の平均値である平均原料ガス中メタン濃度、及び、そのサイクル中の製品ガス中メタン濃度の平均値である平均製品ガス中メタン濃度を求める。
続く、サイクルy+3~y+6についても同様である。
この第3実施形態においても、「吸着時間の調整制御」により、原料ガス中メタン濃度及び製品ガス中メタン濃度に応じて、吸着工程を行う吸着時間を変更調整することによって、製品ガス中メタン濃度を目標濃度以上に維持しながら、「原料供給圧の調整制御」により、原料ガス中メタン濃度に応じて、原料供給圧(吸着圧に相当)を変更調節することにより、メタン回収率を向上できる。
次に、その他の別実施形態を列記する。
(1)上記第1~第3実施形態においては、原料ガス供給圧を検出する圧力センサ11を原料ガス供給路3に設ける場合を例示したが、圧力センサ11を、各吸着塔1の夫々における原料ガスGの入口部に対応する箇所に設ける形態や、圧力センサ11を製品ガス排出路5に設ける形態で実施してもよい。
3 原料ガス供給路
4 オフガス排出路
5 製品ガス排出路
10 圧力調整部
G 原料ガス
H 製品ガス
Claims (3)
- 精製対象ガス及びそれ以外の雑ガスを含む原料ガスから前記雑ガスを吸着する吸着材を充填させた形態で、且つ、原料ガス供給路及びオフガス排出路を一端側に接続し、かつ、製品ガス排出路を他端側に接続させた形態で設けた複数の吸着塔の夫々について、
前記原料ガス供給路を通して供給される前記原料ガスから前記雑ガスを吸着して前記製品ガス排出路を通して製品ガスを排出する吸着工程、及び、前記オフガス排出路を通して前記雑ガスを排出する脱着工程を含む運転サイクルを、位相を異ならせて順次行う運転制御部が設けられた圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置であって、
前記吸着工程において前記原料ガスを前記吸着塔に供給する原料ガス供給圧を調整する圧力調整部、及び、前記原料ガスの前記精製対象ガスの濃度を検出する原料ガス濃度検出部が設けられ、
前記運転制御部が、前記原料ガス濃度検出部の検出情報に基づいて、前記原料ガス供給圧を前記原料ガスの前記精製対象ガスの濃度に応じて定めた目標圧力に調整すべく、前記圧力調整部を調整する圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置。 - 前記運転制御部が、前記原料ガスの前記精製対象ガスの濃度及び前記吸着塔から排出される前記精製対象ガスの濃度の少なくとも一方に基づいて、前記吸着工程を行う吸着時間を変更調整する請求項1記載の圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置。
- 前記原料ガスが、前記製品ガスとしてのメタンを50%以上含有するメタン含有ガスであり、前記製品ガス排出路を通して排出される前記製品ガスが、メタンを80%以上含有する製品ガスである請求項2記載の圧力変動吸着式ガス製造装置。
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