WO2017168479A1 - 回転機械 - Google Patents
回転機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017168479A1 WO2017168479A1 PCT/JP2016/005085 JP2016005085W WO2017168479A1 WO 2017168479 A1 WO2017168479 A1 WO 2017168479A1 JP 2016005085 W JP2016005085 W JP 2016005085W WO 2017168479 A1 WO2017168479 A1 WO 2017168479A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow path
- upper half
- diaphragm
- forming body
- path forming
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D17/122—Multi-stage pumps the individual rotor discs being, one for each stage, on a common shaft and axially spaced, e.g. conventional centrifugal multi- stage compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/5846—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling by injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/705—Adding liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating machine, such as a centrifugal compressor, capable of relaxing the temperature distribution in the passenger compartment.
- the centrifugal compressor sucks in the process gas to be compressed, raises the pressure to a desired pressure, and supplies it to the next step.
- a centrifugal compressor for a nitric acid plant sucks in a process gas of about 50 ° C., but the process gas is heated to about 200 ° C. as the pressure is increased.
- thermal deformation occurs due to the temperature difference from the outlet to the bearing in addition to the temperature difference from the inlet to the outlet of the process gas.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a means for suppressing leakage of high-pressure gas from the dividing surface.
- a horizontal flange is described.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a rotary machine, typically a centrifugal compressor, that can reduce the opening of the dividing surface by relaxing the temperature difference generated in the passenger compartment.
- a rotating machine of the present invention surrounds a rotor having a casing, a rotating shaft that is rotatably supported inside the casing, and a plurality of impellers that are fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft, and the respective impellers.
- a diaphragm and a gas flow path through which a process gas to be compressed flows and provided corresponding to the impeller are provided.
- the gas flow path in the present invention is connected to the diffuser flow path into which the process gas flowing out from the impeller in the radial direction and the diffuser flow path, and the flow direction of the process gas is changed from the direction toward the outer side in the radial direction to the radial direction.
- the curved flow path forming at least one gas flow path among the plurality of gas flow paths is between the diaphragm and the flow path forming body provided between the diaphragm and the vehicle compartment. It is provided in.
- the casing includes an annular housing groove that is recessed outward in the radial direction corresponding to a region where the flow path forming body is provided, and the flow path forming body has an annular shape. None, preferably fitted in the receiving groove.
- the position of the flow path forming body is determined based on one or both of the temperature of the process gas and the range where water injection is performed.
- a curved flow path that forms at least the gas flow path located at the most rear stage among the plurality of gas flow paths is formed between the diaphragm and the flow path forming body.
- the curved flow path which makes the gas flow path located in all the stages of the range which performs water injection among several gas flow paths is formed between a diaphragm and a flow-path formation body.
- a curved flow path that forms a gas flow path located in a subsequent stage of the water injection range among the plurality of gas flow paths is formed between the diaphragm and the flow path forming body. Is preferable.
- the flow path forming body includes flow paths corresponding to a plurality of bent flow paths.
- the vehicle compartment is a horizontally divided type vehicle compartment having a lower half vehicle compartment and an upper half vehicle compartment
- a curved flow path provided between the diaphragm and the flow path forming body can be formed.
- bent flow paths except for the bent flow path provided between the diaphragm and the flow path forming body may be provided between the diaphragm and the vehicle compartment.
- the passenger compartment is covered with a heat insulating material.
- the bearing chamber which accommodates a bearing is provided with a heat shield.
- the flow path forming body that is an internal part bears a curved flow path, so that a region in which the heated process gas or cleaning water does not directly touch the vehicle interior is provided, so that the vehicle compartment is particularly divided. It is possible to avoid a steep temperature difference between the surface and the vicinity thereof. Therefore, according to the rotary machine of the present invention, for example, the centrifugal compressor, it is possible to reduce the thermal deformation of the passenger compartment and reduce the opening of the dividing surface. At the same time, the thermal stress in the passenger compartment can also be relieved, so that plastic deformation based on the thermal stress can be suppressed from occurring in the passenger compartment.
- the present embodiment relates to a single-shaft multi-stage centrifugal compressor 1 including a plurality of impellers 4.
- the centrifugal compressor 1 includes a rotor 2, a diaphragm group 5, a seal device 6, and a vehicle compartment assembly 100.
- the rotor 2 rotates about the axis O.
- the rotor 2 includes a rotating shaft 3 that forms a rotor body extending along the axis O, and a plurality of impellers 4 that rotate together with the rotating shaft 3.
- the rotary shaft 3 is connected to a drive source such as a motor and is driven to rotate by this drive source.
- the rotating shaft 3 has a cylindrical shape centered on the axis O, and extends in the axial direction Da in which the axis O extends.
- the rotating shaft 3 is rotatably supported at both ends in the axial direction Da by a bearing (not shown) inside the passenger compartment 101.
- the impeller 4 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 3.
- the impeller 4 rotates together with the rotating shaft 3 to compress the process gas that is the object to be compressed using centrifugal force.
- the impeller 4 is provided in a plurality of stages in the axial direction Da with respect to the rotating shaft 3.
- the impeller 4 is a so-called closed impeller including a disk 4a, a blade 4b, and a cover 4c.
- the impeller 4 forms a flow path through which process gas flows by the disk 4a, the blade 4b, and the cover 4c.
- An impeller group is constituted by a plurality of impellers 4 arranged in the same direction along the axial direction Da.
- the diaphragm group 5 surrounds the rotor 2 from the outside.
- the diaphragm group 5 includes a plurality of diaphragms 51 arranged in the axial direction Da corresponding to each of the plurality of impellers 4.
- a plurality of diaphragms 51 are arranged so as to be stacked in the axial direction Da.
- a space capable of accommodating the impeller 4 is formed inside the radial direction Dr of the rotating shaft 3, which is a direction intersecting the axis O.
- the diaphragm 51 is housed in the vehicle interior 101 in a state of being connected to each other, thereby forming a flow path through which the process gas flows together with the flow path of the impeller 4.
- the diaphragm group 5 includes a suction port 52, a suction flow channel 53, a plurality of diffuser flow channels 54, a plurality of bent flow channels 55, a plurality of return flow channels 56, in order from the upstream side where the process gas flows.
- a discharge channel 57 and a discharge port 58 are formed.
- the diffuser flow path 54, the curved flow path 55, and the return flow path 56 are connected to constitute a gas flow path in the present invention.
- the suction port 52 allows the process gas to flow into the suction flow path 53 from the outside.
- the suction port 52 allows process gas flowing in from the outside of the passenger compartment 101 to be described later to flow into the diaphragm group 5.
- the suction port 52 is connected to the suction flow channel 53 while gradually decreasing the flow channel area from the outer side in the radial direction Dr toward the inner side in the radial direction Dr.
- the suction flow path 53 causes the process gas to flow from the outside to the impeller 4 arranged on the most upstream side among the plurality of impellers 4 arranged in the axial direction Da together with the suction port 52.
- the suction channel 53 extends from the suction port 52 to the inside in the radial direction Dr.
- the suction channel 53 is connected to an inlet facing the upstream side of the impeller 4 while changing the direction from the radial direction Dr to the downstream side which is the other side of the axial direction Da.
- the diffuser flow path 54 is connected to an outlet that faces the outer side of the radial direction Dr of the impeller 4.
- the diffuser flow path 54 extends from the outlet of the impeller 4 toward the outside in the radial direction Dr, and is connected to the curved flow path 55.
- the curved flow path 55 turns the flow direction of the process gas from the direction toward the outside of the radial direction Dr to the direction toward the inside of the radial direction Dr. That is, the curved flow path 55 is a flow path having a U-shaped longitudinal section as shown in FIG.
- the curved flow path 55 is formed by the outer peripheral surface of the diaphragm group 5 and the inner peripheral surface of the vehicle interior 101. That is, the curved flow path 55 reaches the vehicle interior 101, and the process gas flowing through the curved flow path 55 touches the vehicle interior 101.
- a part of the curved flow path 55 is formed by the outer peripheral surface of the diaphragm group 5 and the inner peripheral surface of the flow path forming body 60.
- the flow path forming body 60 is provided in the bent flow path 55 in the final stage and the bent flow path 55 just before that.
- the flow path forming body 60 is used for forming the final stage of both the lower half passenger compartment 200 and the upper half passenger compartment 300 constituting the horizontally divided type passenger compartment 101 and the curved passage 55 just before that. Is involved.
- the flow path forming body 60 is fitted into an accommodation groove 301 formed in an annular shape on the inner peripheral side of the upper half casing 300 so as to replace a part of the upper half casing 300.
- This annular shape is a concept including a semi-annular shape.
- the flow path forming body 60 includes a main body 61 formed in an annular shape, and flow paths 63 and 63 that are recessed from the inner peripheral surface of the main body 61 toward the outer peripheral surface.
- the flow paths 63, 63 are formed in an annular shape on the inner peripheral surface side of the main body 61, continuing from one end in the circumferential direction to the other end.
- the flow path forming body 60 is also provided on the lower half vehicle compartment 200 side, but has the same configuration as the flow path forming body 60 provided in the upper half vehicle interior 300. Therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
- the return flow path 56 allows the process gas flowing through the curved flow path 55 to flow into the impeller 4.
- the return flow path 56 gradually increases in width while extending toward the inside in the radial direction Dr.
- the return flow path 56 changes the flow direction of the process gas so as to go downstream in the axial direction Da inside the radial direction Dr of the diaphragm group 5.
- the sealing device 6 prevents the process gas from leaking from the inside of the passenger compartment 101 to the outside.
- the sealing device 6 seals the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 3 over the entire circumference.
- a labyrinth seal is used as the sealing device 6 of the present embodiment.
- the vehicle compartment assembly 100 accommodates the rotor 2, the diaphragm group 5, and the seal device 6 inside.
- the vehicle compartment assembly 100 includes a lower half vehicle compartment 200, an upper half vehicle compartment 300, a fixing part 400, a seal housing holder 500, and a seal member 600.
- the lower half passenger compartment 200 is fixed on the floor surface, for example.
- a part of the suction port 52 is formed in the lower half passenger compartment 200 so as to open downward in the vertical direction Dv.
- a part of the discharge port 58 is formed in the lower half casing 200 so as to open downward in the vertical direction Dv.
- the lower half passenger compartment 200 is combined with the upper half passenger compartment 300 to form the passenger compartment 101.
- the vehicle interior 101 forms the exterior of the centrifugal compressor 1.
- the vehicle interior 101 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
- the vehicle interior 101 is formed such that the central axis coincides with the axis O of the rotation shaft 3.
- the vehicle interior 101 accommodates the diaphragm group 5 therein.
- a more specific configuration of the vehicle interior 101 will be described.
- the lower half vehicle compartment 200 and the upper half vehicle compartment 300 have substantially the same configuration except that the arrangement positions thereof are different.
- the upper half passenger compartment 300 will be described as an example.
- the upper half casing 300 has an upper half flange surface 310 and an upper half accommodating recess 350.
- the upper half flange surface 310 is a horizontal plane that faces downward in the vertical direction Dv.
- the upper half flange surface 310 is one of division surfaces when the vehicle interior 101 is divided in the vertical direction.
- a plurality of through holes 402 through which fastening bolts are inserted are formed in the upper half flange surface 310.
- the through hole 402 penetrates from the upper half flange surface 310 upward in the vertical direction Dv.
- a plurality of through holes 402 are formed at intervals that do not hinder the fastening bolts adjacent to the upper half flange surface 310.
- the through hole 402 is formed so as to be aligned with the fixing hole on the lower half compartment 200 side when the upper half compartment 300 is combined with the lower half compartment 200.
- the upper half flange surface 310 has a first upper half flange surface 311 and a second upper half flange surface 312.
- the first upper half flange surface 311 is connected to an upper half large-diameter recess 351 described later in the upper half accommodating recess 350.
- Two first upper half flange surfaces 311 are formed apart in the width direction Dw across the axis O when viewed from above in the vertical direction Dv.
- the first upper half flange surface 311 is a plane that extends long in the axial direction Da.
- a flange surface similar to the first upper half flange surface 311 is provided in the lower half casing 200.
- the second upper half flange surface 312 is connected to an upper half bearing chamber 352 described later in the upper half accommodating recess 350.
- the second upper half flange surface 312 is formed on both sides of the first upper half flange surface 311 in the axial direction Da.
- the second upper half flange surface 312 is a plane continuous with the first upper half flange surface 311.
- the second upper half flange surface 312 is disposed on the inner side in the width direction Dw than the first upper half flange surface 311 when viewed from above in the vertical direction Dv.
- a flange surface similar to the second upper half flange surface 312 is provided in the lower half casing 200.
- the upper half accommodating recess 350 is recessed upward from the upper half flange surface 310 in the vertical direction Dv.
- the upper half accommodating recess 350 is a space covered with the inner surface of the upper half passenger compartment 300 when viewed from below in the vertical direction Dv.
- a housing space extending around the axis O is formed inside the vehicle interior 101 by a similar recess formed in the lower half vehicle compartment 200 and an upper half housing recess 350.
- Members such as the diaphragm group 5 and the seal device 6 are arranged in the housing space.
- the upper half accommodating recess 350 includes an upper half large-diameter recess 351, an upper half bearing chamber 352, and an upper half step surface 353.
- the upper half large-diameter recess 351 forms a space in which the diaphragm group 5 is accommodated together with the same space in the lower half passenger compartment 200.
- the upper half large-diameter recess 351 is a space formed around the axis O, which extends in the axial direction Da and is recessed from the first upper half flange surface 311.
- the upper half large-diameter recess 351 is formed inside the width direction Dw so as to be sandwiched between the two first upper half flange surfaces 311 when viewed from below in the vertical direction Dv.
- the upper half large-diameter recess 351 has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from below in the vertical direction Dv.
- the upper half large-diameter recessed portion 351 forms a part of the curved flow path 55 by the inner surface of the upper half casing 300 facing the inner side in the width direction Dw. However, the region where the flow path forming body 60 is provided is excluded.
- the upper half bearing chamber 352 is a space in which the sealing device 6 is accommodated.
- the upper half bearing chamber 352 is adjacent to the upper half large-diameter recess 351 in the axial direction Da and extends in the axial direction Da.
- the upper half bearing chamber 352 is formed on both sides of the upper half large diameter recess 351 in the axial direction Da so as to sandwich the upper half large diameter recess 351.
- the upper half bearing chamber 352 is formed to be recessed from the second upper half flange surface 312 and is a space formed around the axis O.
- the upper half bearing chamber 352 is formed inside the width direction Dw so as to be sandwiched between the two second upper half flange surfaces 312 when viewed from below in the vertical direction Dv.
- the upper half bearing chamber 352 is formed so as to be smaller in the radial direction Dr than the upper half large-diameter recess 351. That is, the upper half bearing chamber 352 has a rectangular shape smaller than the upper half large-diameter recess 351 when viewed from below in the vertical direction Dv.
- the upper half step surface 353 is a surface formed between the upper half large-diameter recess 351 and the upper half bearing chamber 352 and extending in the radial direction Dr.
- the upper half step surface 353 is a part of the surface that forms the upper half large-diameter recess 351.
- the upper half step surface 353 is directly connected to the upper half flange surface 310, and the upper half step surface 353 on one side in the axial direction Da forms a part of the suction port 52.
- the upper half step surface 353 on the other side in the axial direction Da forms a part of the discharge port 58.
- the fixing part 400 fixes the lower half casing 200 and the upper half casing 300 so as to form an accommodation space in a state where the lower half flange face and the upper half flange face 310 (not shown) are in contact with each other.
- the fixing portion 400 of this embodiment includes a fixing hole formed in the lower half flange surface, a through hole 402 formed in the upper half flange surface 310, and a screw threaded into the fixing hole in a state of being inserted through the through hole 402. And a fastening bolt (not shown).
- One seal housing holder 500 is provided on each of one side and the other side in the axial direction Da of the passenger compartment 101.
- the seal device 6 is fixed inside the seal housing holder 500.
- the seal housing holder 500 has a cylindrical shape with the axis O as the center.
- the seal housing holder 500 is inserted through the rotary shaft 3 with the seal device 6 fixed inside.
- the seal housing holder 500 is fixed to the lower half vehicle compartment 200 and the upper half vehicle compartment 300 via a seal member 600.
- the seal member 600 seals the space between the lower half passenger compartment 200 and the upper half passenger compartment 300 and the seal housing holder 500.
- the seal member 600 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the seal housing holder 500.
- the seal member 600 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the upper half bearing chamber 352 and the inner peripheral surface of a similar recess provided in the lower half casing 200.
- the seal member 600 of this embodiment is an O-ring.
- Three seal members 600 are arranged apart from the outer peripheral surface of the seal housing holder 500 in the axial direction Da.
- One seal member 600 is provided at both ends in the axial direction Da with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the seal housing holder 500 and one outside the center in the axial direction Da of the outer peripheral surface of the seal housing holder 500. Yes.
- the centrifugal compressor 1 As described above, the upper half passenger compartment 300 is placed from above in the vertical direction Dv with the rotor 2 and the diaphragm group 5 placed on the lower half passenger compartment 200. In this state, the fastening bolt is inserted into the through hole 402 of the upper half casing 300 and the tip portion is screwed into the fixing hole on the lower half casing 200 side. As a result, the centrifugal compressor 1 having the vehicle compartment assembly 100 and the rotor 2 disposed inside the vehicle compartment assembly 100 is assembled.
- the problem of opening the dividing surface is caused by the temperature rise accompanying the pressure increase of the process gas.
- the centrifugal compressor 1 is for a nitric acid plant
- the process gas at about 50 ° C. is heated to about 200 ° C. as the pressure increases.
- a temperature difference occurs between the upstream side and the downstream side of the process gas in the passenger compartment 101, and thermal deformation occurs due to this temperature difference.
- this temperature difference becomes conspicuous on the rear side where the degree of pressure increase of the process gas is large.
- wash water may be inject
- Water Injection Water Injection
- the bent flow channel 55 in the final stage and the bent flow channel 55 just before it are configured from the outer peripheral surface of the diaphragm 51 on the inner side close to the axis O, and the outer side far from the axis O is the flow channel.
- the flow path 63 of the forming body 60 is configured. Therefore, the process gas flowing through the bent flow passage 55 or the water-injection washing water does not directly touch the vehicle interior 101 (the lower half vehicle compartment 200 and the upper half vehicle compartment 300). That is, in the lower half casing 200 and the upper half casing 300 around the flow path forming body 60, the temperature rise due to the flow of process gas or the temperature difference due to the water for washing water injection is alleviated. Thereby, it can suppress that a division surface opens. In addition, thermal stress that causes plastic deformation of the passenger compartment 101 can be reduced.
- the bent flow passage 55 on the rear stage where the temperature of the process gas becomes higher is formed by the diaphragm 51 and the flow passage forming body 60 which are internal parts, but the front stage side than that.
- the curved flow channel 55 can also be formed by the diaphragm 51 and the flow channel forming body 60, or all the stages from the first stage to the final stage can be formed by the diaphragm 51 and the flow channel forming body 60.
- As a guideline for determining the position where the curved flow path 55 is formed by the diaphragm 51 and the flow path forming body 60 there are a temperature of the process gas and a range in which water injection is performed.
- the water injection can be performed in all stages from the first stage to the last stage, or can be performed partially from the first stage to the intermediate stage or from the intermediate stage to the final stage.
- the curved flow path 55 is formed by the diaphragm 51 and the flow path forming body 60 on the rear stage where the temperature of the process gas becomes high, particularly on the final stage.
- the curved channel 55 can be formed by the diaphragm 51 and the channel forming body 60 in the above-described range of the water injection, but the range in which the water injection is performed. It is preferable that the curved flow path 55 is formed by the diaphragm 51 and the flow path forming body 60 on the rear stage side, particularly the final stage.
- the curved flow path 55 is formed by the diaphragm 51 and the flow path forming body 60 in the intermediate stage.
- the said range is to an intermediate
- middle stage means that water is drained on the way so that washing water may not flow into the subsequent stage.
- the wash water may be supplied to the rear stage side from the intermediate stage, and the flow path forming body in consideration of the range in which this wash water is supplied 60 can also be provided.
- the present invention does not exclude the case where a plurality of flow path forming bodies 60 are provided based on both the guideline for the temperature of the process gas and the range for performing water injection.
- the casing 101 that is, the upper half casing 300 is provided with an annular housing groove 301 that is recessed outward in the radial direction Dr corresponding to the region where the flow path forming body 60 is provided. Then, the annular flow path forming body 60 is fitted into the accommodation groove 301. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the process gas from directly touching the upper half vehicle compartment 300 in the region while producing the following effects. That is, when the same diameter of the diffuser is required at each stage, the curved flow path 55 can be created on the side of the vehicle compartment 101 at the stage where the flow path forming body 60 is not required, thereby reducing design, processing, and assembly costs. .
- a curved channel 55 other than the channel forming body 60 is provided between the diaphragm 51 and the vehicle interior 101.
- this invention includes shortening the dimension of the radial direction of the diaphragm 51, and providing the flow path formation body 60 there, without changing the shape of the compartment 101 side.
- the length and length of the diffuser flow channel 54 and the return flow channel 56 are shortened, and the compression ratio cannot be achieved. May have an effect.
- one flow path forming body 60 includes two flow paths 63 and 63 and corresponds to two adjacent curved flow paths 55 and 55. Therefore, compared with providing the two flow path forming bodies corresponding to the two bent flow paths 55, 55, the cost of design, processing, and assembly can be reduced.
- two are taken as an example, but a single flow path forming body having flow paths corresponding to three or more curved flow paths 55 can also be provided.
- this invention does not exclude the case where the flow path formation body corresponding to only one curved flow path 55 is provided.
- the centrifugal compressor 1 of this embodiment is provided with the flow path formation body 60 in both the lower half casing 200 and the upper half casing 300, it can also be provided in only one of them.
- the present invention can be applied with means for changing the thermal conditions of the passenger compartment 101 to make the temperature distribution close to uniform, reducing thermal deformation, and reducing leakage of process gas from the divided surface. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the temperature distribution inside the passenger compartment 101 is made closer to uniform, and the flange surface is caused by thermal deformation. Can be prevented.
- a heat insulating material 65 a fiber type heat insulating material such as glass wool or cellulose fiber, or a foam type heat insulating material such as urethane foam or phenol foam can be used.
- the upper half bearing chambers 352 and 352 for housing the bearings 69 and 69 include the heat shield 67.
- the influence of cooling by the bearings 69 and 69 can be limited, the temperature distribution in the passenger compartment 101 can be made to be uniform, and the opening of the dividing surface due to thermal deformation can be prevented.
- the bearings 69 and 69 are held in a bearing chamber provided in the lower half casing 200.
- the temperature distribution in the passenger compartment 101 approaches uniformly, the temperature difference between the discharge port 58 and its periphery and the end of the rotating shaft 3 is small, and the amount of thermal deformation is small. Therefore, the opening of the dividing surface can be reduced. Moreover, the thermal stress which arises in the compartment 101 can also be reduced because the temperature difference between the discharge port 58 and its periphery and the rotating shaft 3 in the compartment 101 and the thickness direction of the compartment 101 becomes small.
- the centrifugal compressor 1 is described as an example of the rotary machine, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the rotating machine may be a supercharger or a pump.
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Abstract
Description
その際、分割された二つの車室のフランジをボルト締結している遠心圧縮機では、プロセスガスの入口から出口にかけての温度差に加えて、出口から軸受にかけての温度差によって熱変形が生じる。そうすると、二つの分割された車室の分割面が開口し、プロセスガスが車室外へ流出するおそれがある。
また、遠心圧縮機では、機内を洗浄するために運転中に洗浄水を注入することがあり、このウォータインジェクション(Water Injection)により供給される洗浄水によって車室が急速に冷却され、車室内の温度分布が非定常的に変化する。そうすると、車室の肉厚方向に急峻な温度差が生じ、その温度差によって分割面の周囲に、口開きの原因となる熱変形が生じる。
以上より、本発明は、車室に生じる温度差を緩和することにより、分割面の開口を軽減できる回転機械、典型的には遠心圧縮機を提供することを目的とする。
本発明におけるガス流路は、インペラから径方向の外側に流出したプロセスガスが流入するディフューザ流路と、ディフューザ流路に連なり、プロセスガスの流通方向を径方向の外側に向う方向から径方向の内側に向かう方向へと転向させる曲がり流路と、曲がり流路に連なり、曲がり流路を流通したプロセスガスをインペラに流入させるリターン流路と、を備える。
そして、本発明の回転機械は、複数のガス流路の中の少なくとも一つのガス流路をなす曲がり流路が、ダイアフラムと、ダイアフラムと車室の間に設けられる流路形成体と、の間に設けられることを特徴とする。
また、複数のガス流路の中の、ウォータインジェクションを行う範囲の全段に位置するガス流路をなす曲がり流路が、ダイアフラムと流路形成体の間に形成される、ことが好ましい。
さらに、本発明の回転機械において、複数のガス流路の中の、ウォータインジェクションを行う範囲の後段に位置するガス流路をなす曲がり流路が、ダイアフラムと流路形成体の間に形成される、ことが好ましい。
また、車室は、回転軸を支持する一対の軸受を備える場合に、軸受を収容する軸受チャンバが遮熱体を備える、ことが好ましい。
図1に示すように、本実施形態は、複数のインペラ4を備える一軸多段式の遠心圧縮機1に関するものである。遠心圧縮機1は、車室101の後段側の一部を内部品である流路形成体60で代替し、この流路形成体60が曲がり流路55を担うことにより、車室101に生ずる温度差を緩和するところに特徴がある。
遠心圧縮機1は、ロータ2と、ダイアフラム群5と、シール装置6と、車室組立体100と、を備えている。
ロータ2は、軸線Oを中心として回転する。ロータ2は、軸線Oに沿って延びているロータ本体をなす回転軸3と、回転軸3とともに回転する複数段のインペラ4と、を有している。
流路形成体60が設けられるのは、最終段の曲がり流路55とその一つ手前の曲がり流路55である。本実施形態では、水平分割型の車室101を構成する下半車室200と上半車室300の両方の最終段及びその一つ手前の曲がり流路55の形成に流路形成体60が関与している。
流路形成体60は、上半車室300の一部を代替するように、上半車室300の内周側に円環状に形成される収容溝301に嵌合される。なお、この円環状は、半円環状を含む概念である。
また、流路形成体60は、図1に示すように、下半車室200の側にも設けられているが、上半車室300に設けられる流路形成体60と同じ構成を備えているので、その説明を省略する。
以下、車室101についてより具体的な構成を説明するが、下半車室200と上半車室300は配置される位置が異なることを除けば、ほぼ同様の構成を備えているので、以下では上半車室300を例にして説明する。
上半フランジ面310は、鉛直方向Dvの下方を向く水平面である。上半フランジ面310は、車室101が上下方向に分割される際の分割面の一つである。上半フランジ面310には、締結ボルトが挿通される貫通孔402が複数形成されている。貫通孔402は、上半フランジ面310から鉛直方向Dvの上方に貫通している。貫通孔402は、上半フランジ面310に隣り合う締結ボルト同士の締結を阻害しない程度の間隔を空けて複数形成されている。貫通孔402は、上半車室300が下半車室200と組み合わされた場合に、下半車室200の側の固定孔と位置が合うように形成されている。上半フランジ面310は、第一上半フランジ面311と、第二上半フランジ面312とを有する。
以下、本実施形態の遠心圧縮機1により得られる効果を説明する。
遠心圧縮機1が運転されることで、高圧のプロセスガスが流通して、ダイアフラム群5等が配置されている空間に大きな圧力が生じる。このように大きな圧力が生じることで、下半車室200及び上半車室300の間の分割面からプロセスガスが漏れるおそれがある。
また、ウォータインジェクションを行う範囲を指針とする場合について言えば、上述したウォータインジェクションを行う範囲でダイアフラム51と流路形成体60で曲がり流路55を形成することができるが、ウォータインジェクションを行う範囲の後段側、特に最終段に、ダイアフラム51と流路形成体60で曲がり流路55を形成するのが好ましい。例えば、ウォータインジェクションを行う範囲が初段から中間段までの場合には、当該中間段に、ダイアフラム51と流路形成体60で曲がり流路55を形成するということである。なお、当該範囲が中間段まで、とは、それ以降の段に洗浄水が流れないように、途中で水を抜くということである。また、ウォータインジェクションを行う範囲を初段から中間段としても、結果として、中間段より後段側に洗浄水が供給されることがあり、この洗浄水が供給される範囲を考慮して流路形成体60を設けることもできる。
本発明は、プロセスガスの温度及びウォータインジェクションを行う範囲の双方の指針に基づいて、複数の流路形成体60が設けられる場合を排除しない。
なお、本発明は、車室101の側の形状を変更することなく、ダイアフラム51の径方向の寸法を短くして、そこに流路形成体60を設けることを包含する。ところが、この場合には、ディフューザ流路54及びリターン流路56の流路の長さが短くなり圧縮比を稼げないなど、流路の形状・寸法に制約が出てしまい、流体力学的性能に影響を与えることがある。
また、本実施形態の遠心圧縮機1は、下半車室200と上半車室300の双方に流路形成体60を設けているが、いずれか一方だけに設けることもできる。
2 ロータ
3 回転軸
4 インペラ
4a ディスク
4b ブレード
4c カバー
5 ダイアフラム群
6 シール装置
51 ダイアフラム
52 吸込口
53 吸込流路
54 ディフューザ流路
55 曲がり流路
56 リターン流路
57 吐出流路
58 吐出口
60 流路形成体
61 本体
63 流路
65 断熱材
67 遮熱体
69 軸受
100 車室組立体
101 車室
200 下半車室
300 上半車室
301 収容溝
310 上半フランジ面
311 第一上半フランジ面
312 第二上半フランジ面
350 上半収容凹部
351 上半大径凹部
352 上半軸受チャンバ
353 上半段差面
400 固定部
402 貫通孔
500 シールハウジングホルダ
600 シール部材
Claims (11)
- 車室と、
前記車室の内部に回転可能に支持される回転軸と、前記回転軸の外周に固定される複数段のインペラと、を有するロータと、
それぞれの前記インペラを囲うダイアフラムと、
圧縮対象であるプロセスガスが流通し、前記インペラに対応して設けられるガス流路と、を備え、
前記ガス流路は、
前記インペラから径方向の外側に流出したプロセスガスが流入するディフューザ流路と、
前記ディフューザ流路に連なり、前記プロセスガスの流通方向を前記径方向の外側に向う方向から前記径方向の内側に向かう方向へと転向させる曲がり流路と、
前記曲がり流路に連なり、前記曲がり流路を流通した前記プロセスガスを前記インペラに流入させるリターン流路と、を備え、
複数の前記ガス流路の中の少なくとも一つの前記ガス流路をなす前記曲がり流路は、
前記ダイアフラムと、前記ダイアフラムと前記車室の間に設けられる流路形成体と、の間に設けられる、
ことを特徴とする回転機械。 - 前記車室は、
前記流路形成体が設けられる領域に対応して、前記径方向の外側に窪む円環状の収容溝を備え、
前記流路形成体は、
円環状の形態をなし、前記収容溝に嵌合される、
請求項1に記載の回転機械。 - 前記流路形成体は、
前記プロセスガスの温度及びウォータインジェクションを行う範囲の何れか一方又は双方に基づいて、位置が決められる、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の回転機械。 - 複数の前記ガス流路の中の、少なくとも最も後段に位置する前記ガス流路をなす前記曲がり流路が、
前記ダイアフラムと前記流路形成体の間に形成される、
請求項3に記載の回転機械。 - 複数の前記ガス流路の中の、前記ウォータインジェクションを行う範囲の全段に位置する前記ガス流路をなす前記曲がり流路が、
前記ダイアフラムと前記流路形成体の間に形成される、
請求項3に記載の回転機械。 - 複数の前記ガス流路の中の、前記ウォータインジェクションを行う範囲の後段に位置する前記ガス流路をなす前記曲がり流路が、
前記ダイアフラムと前記流路形成体の間に形成される、
請求項3に記載の回転機械。 - 前記流路形成体は、
複数の前記曲がり流路に対応する流路を備える、
請求項1~請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械。 - 前記車室は、
下半車室と上半車室を備える水平分割型の車室であり、
前記下半車室、及び、前記上半車室の一方又は双方に、
前記ダイアフラムと前記流路形成体との間に設けられる前記曲がり流路が形成される、
請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械。 - 前記ダイアフラムと前記流路形成体との間に設けられる前記曲がり流路を除く、他の前記曲がり流路は、
前記ダイアフラムと前記車室の間に設けられる、
請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械。 - 前記車室は、断熱材で覆われる、
請求項1~請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械。 - 前記車室は、
前記回転軸を支持する一対の軸受を備え、
前記軸受を収容する軸受チャンバが遮熱体を備える、
請求項1~請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械。
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EP3421812B1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
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