WO2017150496A1 - ジャーナル軸受および回転機械 - Google Patents
ジャーナル軸受および回転機械 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017150496A1 WO2017150496A1 PCT/JP2017/007666 JP2017007666W WO2017150496A1 WO 2017150496 A1 WO2017150496 A1 WO 2017150496A1 JP 2017007666 W JP2017007666 W JP 2017007666W WO 2017150496 A1 WO2017150496 A1 WO 2017150496A1
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- region
- bearing
- rotor shaft
- bearing pad
- oil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
- F16C17/03—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
- F01D25/162—Bearing supports
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/06—Arrangements of bearings; Lubricating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
- F16C17/022—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with a pair of essentially semicircular bearing sleeves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/50—Other types of ball or roller bearings
- F16C19/507—Other types of ball or roller bearings with rolling elements journaled in one of the moving parts, e.g. stationary rollers to support a rotating part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/046—Brasses; Bushes; Linings divided or split, e.g. half-bearings or rolled sleeves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
- F16C33/1065—Grooves on a bearing surface for distributing or collecting the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
- F16C9/02—Crankshaft bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/1045—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a journal bearing and a rotary machine for rotatably supporting a rotor shaft.
- journal bearings are known as bearing devices used in rotating machines such as steam turbines and gas turbines.
- Patent Document 1 describes a journal bearing that supports a rotor shaft by a plurality of bearing pads.
- the journal bearing of Patent Document 1 includes a carrier ring, an upstream bearing pad and a downstream bearing pad supported by the carrier ring, and a plurality of lubricant oils supplied between each bearing pad and the rotor shaft.
- the plurality of oil supply nozzles include a first oil supply nozzle (uppermost nozzle) disposed upstream of the upstream bearing pad, and second and third oil supply nozzles disposed at both ends of the upstream bearing pad.
- a fourth oil supply nozzle disposed at the upstream end of the downstream bearing pad. Further, side plates are arranged on both end faces of the lower half carrier ring so as to suppress leakage of the lubricating oil supplied from the oil supply nozzle to the outside of the bearing.
- At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a journal bearing and a rotating machine that can maintain a balance of load capacity among a plurality of bearing pads, prevent occurrence of abnormal vibration, and improve bearing performance.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a journal bearing includes: With carrier ring, A plurality of bearing pads provided on the inner peripheral side of the lower half region of the carrier ring and configured to support the rotor shaft from below; A pair of side plates provided on both sides of the plurality of bearing pads in the axial direction of the rotor shaft, Each said side plate A first region including a circumferential range on the upstream side of the first bearing pad located on the most upstream side among the plurality of bearing pads; A second region located on the upstream side of the first region, wherein the distance between the inner peripheral surface of the side plate and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor shaft is larger than the first region; including.
- the oil film pressure between the first bearing pad (upstream bearing pad) located on the most upstream side and the rotor shaft is insufficient, and the first bearing pad carries over. It was found that air was mixed into the lubricating oil. That is, in a journal bearing having a gap between the inner peripheral surface of each side plate and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor shaft for communicating the bearing inner space surrounded by the pair of side plates and the outer bearing, In the region from the second bearing pad (downstream bearing pad) arranged at the first bearing pad to the first bearing pad, the air sucked from the gap can be mixed into the lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oil carried over to the first bearing pad (hereinafter referred to as “carryover oil”) contains a large amount of air, and the amount of substantial lubricating oil is small. Therefore, even if the amount of oil discharged from the oil supply unit immediately upstream of the first bearing pad and the oil supply unit immediately upstream of the second bearing pad are the same, the first bearing pad has a larger amount than the second bearing pad. Prone to lack of lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oil is an incompressible fluid, the air contained in the lubricating oil is a compressive fluid. Therefore, the air bubbles contained in the lubricating oil in the first bearing pad on the upstream side (particularly near the front edge).
- each side plate includes a first region including a circumferential range on the upstream side of the first bearing pad located on the most upstream side among the plurality of bearing pads, and a first region.
- the lubricating oil from this oil pool flows into the gap between the first bearing pad and the rotor shaft to form an oil film, it is possible to suppress the inclusion of bubbles in this oil film, and the oil film pressure at the first bearing pad is sufficient. Can be kept high.
- most of the carry-over oil is discharged in the circumferential range of the second region, so that it is possible to reduce the carry-over oil that reaches the oil sump.
- the amount of air mixed in can be reduced. As a result, the load capacity balance among the plurality of bearing pads can be appropriately maintained, and the occurrence of abnormal vibration in the journal bearing can be prevented and the bearing performance can be improved.
- the carry-over suppressing portion protruding radially inward from the carrier ring is provided on the inner peripheral side of the carrier ring within the circumferential range of the second region. Since the carry-over suppressing unit suppresses the carry-over oil from flowing downstream from the second region, the amount of carry-over oil flowing into the oil reservoir formed in the circumferential range of the first region is reduced. be able to. Therefore, it can suppress more effectively that air mixes into the oil film between a 1st bearing pad and a rotor shaft.
- It further includes at least one first oil supply unit that is provided on the upstream side of the first bearing pad within the circumferential range of the first region and supplies lubricating oil to the first bearing pad.
- the oil reservoir is reliably formed on the upstream side of the first bearing pad by the first oil supply unit located on the upstream side of the first bearing pad within the circumferential range of the first region. be able to. For this reason, an oil sump with no or little bubbles is formed on the upstream side of the first bearing pad, and the lubricating oil is supplied from the oil sump to the first bearing pad. Reduction of the load capacity of one bearing pad can be suppressed.
- any one of the above configurations (1) to (3) In order to supply lubricating oil to the rear edge side of the second bearing pad, provided on the downstream side of the second bearing pad located on the most downstream side among the plurality of bearing pads within the circumferential range of the second region.
- the second oil supply unit is further provided.
- the second oil supply unit When the second oil supply unit is provided on the downstream side of the most downstream pad (second bearing pad) as in the configuration of (4) above, the second oil supply unit is provided on the rear edge side of the second bearing pad.
- the supplied lubricating oil is easily conveyed to the first bearing pad side as carry-over oil.
- the second oil supply unit since the second oil supply unit is provided in the circumferential range of the second region, most of the lubricating oil supplied from the second oil supply unit is made up of the side plate and the rotor. It is discharged outside through the gap between the shaft. Therefore, the lubricating oil supplied from the second oil supply unit can be prevented from reaching the first bearing pad as carry-over oil.
- downstream end of the first region is located downstream of the rear edge of the first bearing pad.
- the oil reservoir and the first A sufficient amount of lubricating oil can be secured on the bearing pad. Therefore, the oil film pressure at the first bearing pad can be maintained high.
- the angular position ⁇ of the downstream end of the first region and the upstream end of the second region is defined as ⁇ , where the tension angle of the second bearing pad located on the most downstream side among the plurality of bearing pads is ⁇ .
- the downstream end of the first region and the upstream end of the second region are located near the rear edge of the second bearing pad located on the most downstream side among the plurality of bearing pads. . That is, the circumferential range of the first region in which the gap between the side plate and the rotor shaft is relatively narrow substantially covers the region where the plurality of bearing pads are provided, and the lubricating oil retained by each bearing pad. A sufficient amount can be secured.
- the circumferential range of the second region in which the gap between the side plate and the rotor shaft is relatively wide starts from the vicinity of the rear edge of the second bearing pad. Therefore, the carry-over oil can be effectively reduced by discharging the lubricating oil from the relatively wide gap between the side plate and the rotor shaft in the second region immediately downstream of the second bearing pad.
- Each of the side plates includes a lower half portion that forms the first region in which the interval is constant at the first interval, and an upper half portion that forms the second region in which the interval is constant at the second interval. ,including.
- each of the pair of side plates has a halved structure including an upper half and a lower half. Therefore, the workability of manufacturing and mounting each side plate can be improved.
- the angle range which an upper half part and a lower half part occupy is not specifically limited, For example, the upper half part and the lower half part may be provided over the angle range of 180 degree
- the upper half and the lower half each form a certain gap between the rotor shaft and the first half between the upper half and the rotor shaft, and the lower half and the rotor. The distance is different from the second gap between the shafts. That is, since the lower half forming the first region and the upper half forming the second region are formed separately, it is easy to adjust the first gap and the second gap having different intervals.
- a joint surface between the lower half and the upper half is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.
- each side plate is arranged so that the upstream side of the lower half is positioned higher than the downstream side, the extending range of the first region immediately upstream of the first bearing pad. And the region where the oil sump is formed on the upstream side of the first bearing pad can be enlarged.
- the extension range of the second region can be expanded to the downstream side of the most downstream pad, and the lubricating oil is released to the outside from the gap between the rotor shaft and the side plate on the downstream side of the most downstream pad. Drain and carry-over oil can be reduced effectively.
- the inclination angle of the joint surface with respect to the horizontal plane is 5 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.
- the first region and the second region are appropriately arranged by setting the inclination angles of the joint surfaces of the upper half and the lower half of the side plate within the above range, It is possible to secure a wide oil reservoir region on the upstream side of one bearing pad, promote the discharge of lubricating oil immediately downstream of the most downstream pad, and effectively reduce carry-over oil.
- the distance between the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the rotor shaft of the side plate in the first region and the G 1, the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral surface and the rotor shaft of the side plate in the second region the distance between the G 2, by setting in the above range, it is possible to perform the formation and discharge of carry-over oil reservoir oil more effectively.
- Each of the side plates has at least one opening for discharging lubricating oil at a circumferential position between a pair of adjacent bearing pads.
- a rotating machine includes: The journal bearing according to any one of (1) to (11) above; A rotor shaft supported by the journal bearing; Is provided.
- the journal bearing having excellent bearing performance that is unlikely to generate abnormal vibration is provided, so that a highly reliable rotating machine can be provided.
- carry-over oil is actively discharged to the outside of the bearing in the circumferential range of the second region, and an oil reservoir is formed in the circumferential range of the first region. Since the lubricating oil from the oil pool flows into the gap between the first bearing pad and the rotor shaft to form an oil film, the oil film contains almost no bubbles, and the oil film pressure at the first bearing pad is sufficiently high. Can be maintained. Therefore, the balance of the load capacity among the plurality of bearing pads can be properly maintained, and the occurrence of abnormal vibration in the journal bearing can be prevented and the bearing performance can be improved.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a view taken along arrow BB in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view (corresponding to FIG. 3) for explaining a side plate and an oil supply unit according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram (corresponding to FIG. 3) for describing a configuration of a side plate according to an embodiment. It is the schematic (corresponding to FIG. 3) for demonstrating the other structure of the side plate which concerns on one Embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating the structure of the side plate which concerns on other embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating the structure of the side plate which concerns on other embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view along the axial direction of a journal bearing 10 according to an embodiment.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a BB arrow view of FIG. 2 and 3 show a plane orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotor shaft 2.
- the “axial direction” is the direction of the central axis O of the rotor shaft 2 supported by the journal bearing 10
- the “radial direction” is the radial direction of the rotor shaft 2
- the “circumferential direction”. Is the circumferential direction of the rotor shaft 2.
- the “circumferential direction” may be the circumferential direction of the carrier rings 12 and 13 or the circumferential direction of the side plates 17 and 18.
- upstream side” or “downstream side” refers to an upstream side or a downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotor shaft 2.
- the journal bearing 10 has a configuration in which a direct lubrication method is adopted as a lubrication method (oil supply method), and the first bearing pad 30 and the second bearing pad 32 are provided in the lower half region.
- a direct lubrication method is adopted as a lubrication method (oil supply method)
- the first bearing pad 30 and the second bearing pad 32 are provided in the lower half region.
- the journal bearing 10 is a tilting pad bearing.
- the illustrated journal bearing 10 will be described as an example, but the journal bearing 10 according to the present embodiment is not limited to this configuration.
- two bearing pads may be arranged in the upper half region, and a total of four bearing pads may be attached in the circumferential direction.
- a configuration in which more than one bearing pad is attached may be used.
- the bearing pad in the lower half region mainly supports the load of the rotor shaft 2 during the operation of the journal bearing 10.
- the journal bearing 10 is provided on the inner peripheral side of the carrier ring 11 and the lower half region of the carrier ring 11, and a plurality of bearing pads 30 configured to support the rotor shaft 2 from below. , 32 and a pair of side plates 17, 18 provided on both sides of the plurality of bearing pads 30, 32 in the axial direction of the rotor shaft 2.
- the carrier ring 11 is supported by a bearing casing (not shown) and includes an upper half carrier ring 12 and a lower half carrier ring 13.
- Each of the upper half carrier ring 12 and the lower half carrier ring 13 has an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface such that a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is a semicircular arc shape.
- the carrier ring 11 is divided into an upper half carrier ring 12 and a lower half carrier ring 13.
- the carrier ring 11 may be an integral structure, or 3 The structure divided
- a pair of side plates 17 and 18 are disposed along the outer periphery of the rotor shaft 2 on both ends of the carrier ring 11 in the axial direction.
- the side plates 17 and 18 are formed in a disc shape, and a hole through which the rotor shaft 2 passes is formed in the center. These side plates 17 and 18 moderately prevent leakage of lubricating oil supplied from oil supply units 25 to 29 described later.
- the upper half carrier ring 12 has guide metals (semi-annular bearing portions) 20 and 21 attached to its inner peripheral surface in order to mainly suppress the bounce of the rotor shaft 2 from above. Also good.
- a pair of guide metals 20 and 21 are attached to both ends of the upper half carrier ring 12 in the axial direction and inside the side plates 17 and 18 in the axial direction.
- the guide metals 20 and 21 are formed in a semicircular shape.
- the guide metal 20 and 21 can suppress the jumping of the rotor shaft 2, and the component due to the jumping of the rotor shaft 2. Can be prevented.
- the guide metals 20, 21 May be provided in the upper half region of the carrier ring 11.
- the upper half carrier ring 12 and the lower half carrier ring 13 are provided with at least one oil supply unit 25 to 29.
- the oil supply units 25 to 29 are oil supply nozzles.
- an oil supply unit (first oil supply unit to be described later) 25
- oil supply from the upstream side in the rotation direction S of the rotor shaft 2 when the rotor shaft 2 rotates clockwise as indicated by an arrow S in the drawing, an oil supply unit (first oil supply unit to be described later) 25, oil supply from the upstream side in the rotation direction S of the rotor shaft 2.
- a total of five oil supply units including a unit (first oil supply unit to be described later) 26, an oil supply unit 27, an oil supply unit 28, and an oil supply (second oil supply unit to be described later) 29 are provided.
- the oil supply units 25 and 26 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction on the upstream side of the first bearing pad 30 located on the most upstream side.
- the oil supply units 27 and 28 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction between the first bearing pad 30 and the second bearing pad 32 located downstream of the first bearing pad 30.
- the oil supply unit 29 is disposed on the downstream side of the second bearing pad 32.
- a lubricating oil supply passage (not shown) is formed inside the carrier ring 11.
- the lubricating oil supplied to the lubricating oil supply path is sent to each of the oil supply units 25 to 29 and is jetted from the oil supply units 25 to 29 to the vicinity of the bearing pads 30 and 32.
- the 1st bearing pad 30 and the 2nd bearing pad 32 are provided in the inner peripheral side of the lower half carrier ring 13, and are comprised so that the rotor shaft 2 may be supported from the downward direction.
- the first bearing pad 30 is provided along the outer periphery of the rotor shaft 2 on the inner peripheral side of the lower half carrier ring 13.
- the second bearing pad 32 is provided along the outer periphery of the rotor shaft 2 on the inner peripheral side of the lower half carrier ring 13 and downstream of the first bearing pad 30 in the rotational direction S of the rotor shaft 2.
- the first bearing pad 30 and the second bearing pad 32 are provided on the lower half carrier ring 13, the rotor shaft 2 can be appropriately supported by the first bearing pad 30 and the second bearing pad 32.
- the carrier ring 11 is not a structure divided into the upper half carrier ring 12 and the lower half carrier ring 13 but is an integral structure, or a structure divided into three or more, the first bearing pad 30.
- the second bearing pad 32 may be provided in the lower half region of the carrier ring 11.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the side plates 17 and 18 and the oil supply units 25 to 29 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view for explaining the configuration of the side plates 17 and 18 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view for explaining another configuration of the side plates 17 and 18 according to the embodiment. 4 to 6 are diagrams corresponding to FIG. 3, but the carry-over suppressing units 34 and 36 are omitted in these drawings.
- both sides of the plurality of bearing pads 30 and 32 in the axial direction of the rotor shaft 2 (direction along the center axis O).
- a pair of side plates 17, 18 are provided, and each side plate 17, 18 is a circumferential range on the upstream side of the first bearing pad 30 located on the most upstream side among the plurality of bearing pads 30, 32.
- the second gap 42 between the second region of each side plate 17, 18 and the rotor shaft 2 forms the first region of each side plate 17, 18 and the rotor shaft 2. It is larger than the 1st clearance gap 40 between.
- the oil film pressure between the first bearing pad 30 located on the most upstream side and the rotor shaft 2 is deficient in the lubricating oil carried over by the first bearing pad 30. It was found that there was air contamination.
- the lubricating oil carried over to the first bearing pad 30 contains a large amount of air, and the actual amount of lubricating oil is small. Therefore, even if the amount of oil discharged from the oil supply units 25 and 26 immediately before the upstream side of the first bearing pad 30 and the oil supply units 27 and 28 immediately before the upstream side of the second bearing pad 32 are the same, the second bearing pad. Compared to 32, the first bearing pad 30 tends to be short of lubricating oil. Further, since the lubricating oil is an incompressible fluid, the air contained in the lubricating oil is a compressive fluid, so that bubbles contained in the lubricating oil are crushed at the first bearing pad 30 (particularly near the front edge).
- each of the side plates 17 and 18 includes a circumferential range on the upstream side of the first bearing pad 30 located on the most upstream side among the plurality of bearing pads 30 and 32.
- the distance (second gap 42) between the second region of the side plates 17 and 18 and the rotor shaft 2 is relatively wide, the lubricating oil is easily discharged in the circumferential range of the second region.
- the oil film can be suppressed from containing bubbles, and the oil film in the first bearing pad 30 can be suppressed.
- the pressure can be kept high enough.
- most of the carry-over oil is discharged in the circumferential range of the second region, so that it is possible to reduce the carry-over oil that reaches the oil sump.
- the amount of air mixed in can be reduced. As a result, the load capacity balance between the plurality of bearing pads 30 and 32 can be maintained appropriately, and the occurrence of abnormal vibration of the journal bearing 10 can be prevented and the bearing performance can be improved.
- the carryover suppression portions 34 and 36 extend in the axial direction at least at a part between the pair of side plates 17 and 18.
- at least one carryover suppressing portion 34 and 36 may be provided between the pair of guide metals 20 and 21.
- the carry-over suppressing portions 34 and 36 are dams for blocking carry-over oil flowing downstream with the rotation of the rotor shaft 2, or the circumferential range of the first region with the rotation of the rotor shaft 2. It may be a scraper for scraping the carry-over oil that is about to enter the rotor shaft 2 from the rotor shaft 2.
- a dam as the carry-over suppressing portion 34 is provided in a position close to the second bearing pad 32 in the circumferential range of the second region, and a position close to the first bearing pad 30 in the circumferential range of the second region.
- a scraper as a carry-over suppressing unit 36 is provided.
- the one carry-over suppressing portion 34 is provided on the downstream side of the rear edge 32 b of the second bearing pad 32. More specifically, the carryover suppression unit 34 may be provided in the vicinity of the oil supply unit 29 on the downstream side of the most downstream oil supply unit (second oil supply unit described later) 29.
- the other carryover suppressing portion 36 is provided on the upstream side of the front edge 30 a of the first bearing pad 30. More specifically, the carry-over suppressing unit 36 may be provided in the vicinity of the oil supply unit 25 on the upstream side of the most upstream oil supply unit (first oil supply unit described later) 25.
- the carry-over suppressing portions 34 and 36 projecting radially inward from the carrier rings 12 and 13 are provided on the inner peripheral side of the carrier rings 12 and 13 within the circumferential range of the second region. ing. Since the carryover suppression portions 34 and 36 prevent the carryover oil from flowing downstream from the second region, the amount of carryover oil flowing into the oil sump formed in the circumferential range of the first region. Can be reduced. Therefore, it can suppress more effectively that air mixes into the oil film between the 1st bearing pad 30 and the rotor shaft 2.
- the journal bearing 10 in one embodiment is provided on the upstream side of the first bearing pad 30 within the circumferential range of the first region, and supplies lubricating oil to the first bearing pad 30.
- at least one first oil supply unit 25, 26 is provided. In the illustrated configuration example, two first oil supply units 25 and 26 are arranged in the circumferential direction.
- the first oil supply units 25 and 26 positioned on the upstream side of the first bearing pad 30 within the circumferential range of the first region ensure that the oil reservoir is upstream of the first bearing pad 30. Can be formed. Therefore, an oil sump with no or little air bubbles is formed on the upstream side of the first bearing pad 30, and the lubricating oil is supplied from the oil sump to the first bearing pad 30, thereby causing air bubbles in the lubricating oil. The reduction of the load capacity of the first bearing pad 30 can be suppressed.
- the rear edge of the second bearing pad 32 is provided on the downstream side of the second bearing pad 32 located on the most downstream side of the plurality of bearing pads 30 and 32 within the circumferential range of the second region.
- a second oil supply unit 29 for supplying lubricating oil to the 32b side is further provided.
- the 2nd oil supply unit 29 When the 2nd oil supply unit 29 is provided in the downstream rather than the 2nd bearing pad 32 located in the most downstream side like the said embodiment, the rear-edge side of the 2nd bearing pad 32 from the 2nd oil supply unit 29 The lubricating oil supplied to is easily conveyed to the first bearing pad 30 side as carry-over oil.
- the second oil supply unit 29 since the second oil supply unit 29 is provided in the circumferential range of the second region, most of the lubricating oil supplied from the second oil supply unit 29 is separated from the side plates 17 and 18. It is discharged to the outside through the gap between the rotor shaft 2. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the lubricating oil supplied from the second oil supply unit 29 from reaching the first bearing pad 30 as carry-over oil.
- the downstream end of the first region may be located downstream of the rear edge 30 b of the first bearing pad 30.
- the front edge 30a is an edge located on the upstream side
- the rear edge 30b is an edge located on the downstream side.
- the angular position ⁇ of the downstream end of the first region and the upstream end of the second region is the most downstream side of the plurality of bearing pads 30 and 32.
- the tension angle of the second bearing pad 32 positioned at is ⁇ and the angular position of the trailing edge 32b of the second bearing pad 32 is ⁇ TE , ⁇ TE ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ TE + 0.25 ⁇ is satisfied.
- the front edge 32a is an edge located on the upstream side
- the rear edge 32b is an edge located on the downstream side.
- the downstream end of the first region and the upstream end of the second region are located near the rear edge 32b of the second bearing pad 32 located on the most downstream side among the plurality of bearing pads 30, 32. ing. That is, the circumferential range of the first region in which the gap between the side plates 17 and 18 and the rotor shaft 2 is relatively narrow substantially covers the region where the plurality of bearing pads 30 and 32 are provided. A sufficient amount of lubricating oil can be secured on the pads 30 and 32. Further, the circumferential range of the second region in which the gap between the side plates 17 and 18 and the rotor shaft 2 is relatively wide starts from the vicinity of the rear edge 32 b of the second bearing pad 32.
- the lubricating oil is discharged from the relatively wide second gap 42 between the side plates 17 and 18 and the rotor shaft 2 in the second region, so that the carry-over oil is reduced. It can be reduced effectively.
- each side plate 17, 18 has a constant distance between the side plates 17, 18 and the rotor shaft 2 at a first distance (the size of the first gap 40).
- the distance between the lower half side plates 17B and 18B forming the first region (sometimes simply referred to as the lower half) and the side plates 17 and 18 and the rotor shaft 2 is constant at the second gap 42.
- Upper half side plates 17A and 18A (sometimes simply referred to as the upper half) that form two regions.
- each of the pair of side plates 17 and 18 has a half structure including the upper half side plates 17A and 18A and the lower half side plates 17B and 18B. Therefore, the workability of manufacturing and mounting of the side plates 17 and 18 can be improved.
- the angle range occupied by the upper half side plates 17A and 18A and the lower half side plates 17B and 18B is not particularly limited.
- the upper half side plates 17A and 18A and the lower half side plates 17B and 18B are respectively It may be provided over an angle range of 180 degrees.
- the upper half side plates 17A and 18A and the lower half side plates 17B and 18B form a certain gap between the rotor shaft 2 and the upper half side plates 17A and 18A.
- first gap 40 first interval
- second gap 42 second interval
- FIG. 5 shows a coordinate system in which the horizontal direction is the X axis and the vertical direction is the Y axis.
- the lower half side plates 17B and 18B and the upper half side plates 17A and 18A each have a semicircular shape with a central angle of 180 degrees, and the joint surfaces 50 each represent a horizontal plane. Inclined with respect to the X axis.
- the extending range of the first region immediately upstream can be expanded, and the region where the oil sump is formed upstream of the first bearing pad 30 can be expanded.
- the extending range of the second region can be expanded to the downstream side of the most downstream pad (second bearing pad 32 in the figure), and the rotor shaft 2 and the side plate 17 are positioned immediately downstream of the most downstream pad. , 18, the lubricating oil can be discharged to the outside and the carry-over oil can be effectively reduced.
- the first region and the second region are appropriately arranged by setting the inclination angle ⁇ of the joint surface 50 of the upper half side plates 17A and 18A and the lower half side plates 17B and 18B within the above range.
- a large oil reservoir region on the upstream side of the first bearing pad 30 is secured, and the discharge of the lubricating oil immediately on the downstream side of the most downstream side pad (second bearing pad 32 in the figure) is promoted so that the carry-over oil is reduced. It can be reduced effectively.
- the spacing in the first region (the size of the first gap 40) and G 1 intervals in the second area (size of the second gap 42) and G 2,
- G 1 ⁇ 0.01D and G 2 ⁇ 0.02D are satisfied.
- the inner diameter D of the side plates 17 and 18 is the distance between the inner peripheral edge of the side plates 17 and 18 surrounding the rotor shaft 2 and the central axis of the side plates 17 and 18.
- the distance between the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the rotor shaft 2 of the side plates 17, 18 in the first region and the G 1, the inner peripheral surface of the side plates 17, 18 in the second region and the rotor the distance between the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 2 and G 2, by setting in the above range, it is possible to perform the formation and discharge of carry-over oil reservoir oil more effectively.
- each side plate 17, 18 has at least one opening 52 for discharging lubricating oil at a circumferential position between a pair of adjacent bearing pads 30, 32.
- the opening 52 extends along the axial direction of the rotor shaft 2 so as to communicate the bearing inner space and the bearing outer space.
- the carry-over oil is positively discharged to the outside of the bearing in the circumferential range of the second region, and the oil pool is accumulated in the circumferential range of the first region. It is formed. Since the lubricating oil from this oil pool flows into the gap between the first bearing pad 30 and the rotor shaft 2 to form an oil film, the oil film contains almost no bubbles, and the oil film pressure at the first bearing pad 30 is reduced. Can be kept high enough. Therefore, the balance of the load capacity between the plurality of bearing pads 30 and 32 can be properly maintained, the occurrence of abnormal vibration of the journal bearing 10 can be prevented, and the bearing performance can be improved.
- the rotary machine 1 to which the journal bearing 10 according to the present embodiment is applied includes a turbine such as a gas turbine, a steam turbine (for example, a steam turbine of a nuclear power plant) or a machine driving turbine, wind power, and the like.
- a turbine such as a gas turbine, a steam turbine (for example, a steam turbine of a nuclear power plant) or a machine driving turbine, wind power, and the like.
- a wind machine such as a power generation device, a blower, a supercharger, or a compressor.
- the rotary machine 1 includes a rotor shaft 2 that is rotationally driven, a bearing housing (not shown) that houses the rotor shaft 2, and a journal bearing 10 that supports the rotor shaft 2. According to the rotating machine 1, since the journal bearing 10 is provided that is unlikely to generate abnormal vibration and has excellent bearing performance, the rotating machine 1 with high reliability can be provided.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes forms obtained by modifying the above-described embodiments and forms obtained by appropriately combining these forms.
- the journal bearing 10 including the side plates 17 and 18 having a semicircular shape with a central angle of 180 degrees has been described.
- the configuration of the side plates 17 and 18 is limited to this. is not.
- the side plate includes upper half side plates 17A and 18A having a central angle larger than 180 degrees and lower half side plates 17B and 18B having a central angle smaller than 180 degrees. It has a halved shape.
- the side plate includes the lower half side plates 17B and 18B including the first region, the upper half side plates 17A and 18A including the second region, the first region and the second region. It has a three-divided shape including other side plates 17C and 18C that do not include any of the regions.
- expressions representing shapes such as quadrangular shapes and cylindrical shapes represent not only geometrically strict shapes such as quadrangular shapes and cylindrical shapes, but also irregularities and chamfers as long as the same effects can be obtained.
- a shape including a part or the like is also expressed.
- the expression “comprising”, “including”, or “having” one constituent element is not an exclusive expression that excludes the presence of the other constituent elements.
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Abstract
Description
例えば特許文献1には、複数の軸受パッドによってロータ軸を支持するジャーナル軸受が記載されている。具体的には、特許文献1のジャーナル軸受は、キャリアリングと、キャリアリングに支持される上流側軸受パッド及び下流側軸受パッドと、各軸受パッドとロータ軸との間に潤滑油を供給する複数の給油ノズルと、を備えている。複数の給油ノズルは、上流側軸受パッドよりも上流側に配置された第1の給油ノズル(最上流ノズル)と、上流側軸受パッドの両端部に配置された第2及び第3の給油ノズルと、下流側軸受パッドの上流側端部に配置された第4の給油ノズルと、を含む。また、下半部キャリアリングの両端面にはサイドプレートが配置されており、給油ノズルから供給された潤滑油の軸受外部への漏出を抑制するようになっている。
しかしながら、本発明者らの知見によれば、複数の軸受パッド間における負荷能力の適正なバランスを維持できないために、軸受性能が低下したり、異常振動が発生したりすることが起こり得る。例えば、上流側軸受パッドにおける油膜圧力が不足して上流側領域での十分な負荷能力を確保できず、ロータ軸が浮上する際に上流側へ寄ってしまうと、このことが異常振動の発生原因になり得る。
キャリアリングと、
前記キャリアリングの下半領域の内周側に設けられ、ロータ軸を下方から支持するように構成された複数の軸受パッドと、
前記ロータ軸の軸方向における前記複数の軸受パッドの両側に設けられる一対のサイドプレートと、を備え、
各々の前記サイドプレートは、
前記複数の軸受パッドのうち最上流側に位置する第1軸受パッドの上流側の周方向範囲を含む第1領域と、
前記第1領域の上流側に位置し、前記サイドプレートの内周面と前記ロータ軸の外周面との間の間隔が前記第1領域よりも大きい第2領域と、
を含む。
すなわち、各々のサイドプレートの内周面とロータ軸の外周面との間に、一対のサイドプレートによって囲まれた軸受内部空間と軸受外部とを連通させるための隙間を有するジャーナル軸受では、下流側に配置された第2軸受パッド(下流側軸受パッド)から第1軸受パッドに至る領域で該隙間から吸い込まれた空気が潤滑油に混入し得る。このため、第1軸受パッドにキャリーオーバされる潤滑油(以下、キャリーオーバ油と称する)には多くの空気が含まれ、実質の潤滑油の油量が少ないと考えられる。したがって、第1軸受パッドの上流側直前の給油ユニットと、第2軸受パッドの上流側直前の給油ユニットとの吐出油量が同じであっても、第2軸受パッドに比べて第1軸受パッドでは潤滑油不足となりやすい。また、潤滑油は非圧縮性流体であるのに対して、潤滑油に含まれる空気は圧縮性流体であるため、上流側の第1軸受パッド(特に前縁近傍)において潤滑油に含まれる気泡が押しつぶされ、第1軸受パッドの前縁側において動圧が生じにくくなる。
これにより、第1軸受パッドの負荷能力が低下し、複数の軸受パッド間における負荷能力の適正なバランスが維持できなくなる。そのため、回転数の上昇に伴いロータ軸の軸心軌跡が鉛直線上から逸れてしまい、異常振動が発生したり、軸受性能が低下したりする可能性が高くなる。
この構成において、サイドプレートの第2領域とロータ軸との間の間隔は比較的広いので、第2領域の周方向範囲において潤滑油は排出されやすい。そのため、回転するロータ軸に連れまわって第1領域側へ向けて搬送されるキャリーオーバ油は、第1領域に到達する前にその大部分がジャーナル軸受の外部へ排出される。
また、サイドプレートの第1領域とロータ軸との間の間隔は比較的狭いので、第1領域の周方向範囲においては潤滑油が排出され難い。そのため、一対のサイドプレートの各第1領域とロータ軸とで囲まれる空間、すなわち第1軸受パッドの上流側の空間に、潤滑油の油溜まりが形成される。この油溜まりからの潤滑油が第1軸受パッドとロータ軸との間の隙間に流れ込んで油膜を形成するため、この油膜に気泡が含有することを抑制でき、第1軸受パッドにおける油膜圧力を十分に高く維持することができる。なお、上述したように第2領域の周方向範囲においてキャリーオーバ油はその大部分が排出されるので、油溜まりまで到達するキャリーオーバ油を少なくすることができ、これによっても油溜まりの潤滑油に混入する空気量を低減できる。
これらのことから、複数の軸受パッド間における負荷能力のバランスを適正に保つことができ、ジャーナル軸受における異常振動の発生防止および軸受性能の向上が図れる。
前記第2領域の周方向範囲内において前記キャリアリングの内周側に、前記キャリアリングから径方向内方に向かって突出して設けられ、キャリーオーバ油の下流側への流れを抑制するように構成された少なくとも一つのキャリーオーバ抑制部をさらに備える。
前記第1領域の周方向範囲内において前記第1軸受パッドの上流側に設けられ、前記第1軸受パッドに潤滑油を供給するための少なくとも一本の第1給油ユニットをさらに備える。
前記第2領域の周方向範囲内において、前記複数の軸受パッドのうち最下流側に位置する第2軸受パッドの下流側に設けられ、前記第2軸受パッドの後縁側に潤滑油を供給するための第2給油ユニットをさらに備える。
前記第1領域の下流側端は、前記第1軸受パッドの後縁よりも下流側に位置する。
前記第1領域の下流側端および前記第2領域の上流側端の角度位置θは、前記複数の軸受パッドのうち最下流側に位置する第2軸受パッドの張り角をαとし、前記第2軸受パッドの後縁の角度位置をθTEとしたとき、θTE-0.25α≦θ≦θTE+0.25αを満たす。
各々の前記サイドプレートは、前記間隔が第1間隔で一定である前記第1領域を形成する下半部と、前記間隔が第2間隔で一定である前記第2領域を形成する上半部と、を含む。
また、上半部および下半部は、それぞれ、ロータ軸との間に一定の隙間を形成するようになっており、上半部とロータ軸の間の第1隙間と、下半部とロータ軸の間の第2隙間とは間隔が異なっている。すなわち、第1領域を形成する下半部と、第2領域を形成する上半部とは別体で形成されているため、間隔の異なる第1隙間および第2隙間の調整が容易である。
各々の前記サイドプレートは、前記下半部と前記上半部との接合面が水平面に対して傾斜している。
またこの構成において、下半部の上流側の方がその下流側よりも上方に位置するように各々のサイドプレートを配置すれば、第1軸受パッドの直ぐ上流側における第1領域の延設範囲を広げることができ、第1軸受パッドの上流側における油溜まりが形成される領域を拡大できる。一方、最下流側パッドの直ぐ下流側まで第2領域の延設範囲を広げることができ、最下流側パッドの直ぐ下流側において、ロータ軸とサイドプレートとの間の隙間から潤滑油を外部に排出し、キャリーオーバ油を効果的に減らすことができる。
前記接合面の前記水平面に対する傾斜角は、5度以上45度以下である。
前記第1領域における前記間隔をG1とし、前記第2領域における前記間隔をG2とし、前記サイドプレートの内径をDとしたとき、G1≦0.01D、且つ、G2≧0.02Dを満たす。
各々の前記サイドプレートは、隣接する一対の前記軸受パッド間の周方向位置において、潤滑油を排出するための少なくとも一つの開口を有する。
上記(1)乃至(11)の何れか一に記載のジャーナル軸受と、
前記ジャーナル軸受によって支持されるロータ軸と、
を備える。
図1は、一実施形態に係るジャーナル軸受10の軸方向に沿った断面図である。図2は、図1のA-A線断面図である。図3は、図1のB-B矢視図である。なお、図2及び図3は、ロータ軸2の軸方向に直交する面を示している。
以下、図示されるジャーナル軸受10について例示的に説明するが、本実施形態に係るジャーナル軸受10はこの構成に限定されるものではない。例えば、他の実施形態においては、上半領域にもさらに2個の軸受パッドが配置され、周方向に計4個の軸受パッドが取り付けられた構成であってもよいし、下半領域に3個以上の軸受パッドが取り付けられた構成であってもよい。但し、何れの構成においても、ジャーナル軸受10の作動中は主として下半領域の軸受パッドがロータ軸2の荷重を支持するようになっている。
キャリアリング11は、不図示の軸受ケーシングに支持されており、上半部キャリアリング12及び下半部キャリアリング13を含む。上半部キャリアリング12及び下半部キャリアリング13は、それぞれ、軸方向に直交する断面が半円弧状となるような内周面及び外周面を有している。なお、図示される例では、キャリアリング11が上半部キャリアリング12及び下半部キャリアリング13に分割された構成を示しているが、キャリアリング11は一体構造であってもよいし、3以上に分割された構成であってもよい。
このように、上半部キャリアリング12の内周側にガイドメタル20,21が設けられることで、ガイドメタル20,21によってロータ軸2の跳ね上がりを押さえ込むことができ、ロータ軸2の跳ね上がりによる部品の破損等を防止できる。なお、キャリアリング11が、上半部キャリアリング12及び下半部キャリアリング13に分割された構造ではなく一体構造である場合、あるいは3以上に分割された構造である場合、ガイドメタル20,21は、キャリアリング11の上半領域に設けられていればよい。
図2に示す例では、ロータ軸2が図中矢印Sに示すように時計回りに回転する場合、ロータ軸2の回転方向Sにおいて上流側から給油ユニット(後述する第1給油ユニット)25、給油ユニット(後述する第1給油ユニット)26、給油ユニット27、給油ユニット28、給油(後述する第2給油ユニット)29を含む計5本の給油ユニットが設けられている。
具体的には、給油ユニット25,26は、最上流に位置する第1軸受パッド30よりも上流側に、周方向に並んで配置されている。給油ユニット27,28は、第1軸受パッド30と、該第1軸受パッド30よりも下流側に位置する第2軸受パッド32との間に、周方向に並んで配置されている。給油ユニット29は、第2軸受パッド32よりも下流側に配置されている。
第1軸受パッド30は、下半部キャリアリング13の内周側においてロータ軸2の外周に沿って設けられている。
第2軸受パッド32は、下半部キャリアリング13の内周側において第1軸受パッド30よりもロータ軸2の回転方向Sの下流側にロータ軸2の外周に沿って設けられている。
このように、下半部キャリアリング13に第1軸受パッド30および第2軸受パッド32が設けられているので、第1軸受パッド30および第2軸受パッド32によってロータ軸2を適切に支持できる。
なお、図4は、一実施形態に係るサイドプレート17,18及び給油ユニット25~29を説明するための概略図である。図5は、一実施形態に係るサイドプレート17,18の構成を説明するための概略図である。図6は、一実施形態に係るサイドプレート17,18の他の構成を説明するための概略図である。図4~図6は、何れも図3に対応した図であるが、これらの図においてキャリーオーバ抑制部34,36は省略している。
すなわち、各々のサイドプレート17,18の内周面とロータ軸2の外周面との間に、一対のサイドプレート17,18によって囲まれた軸受内部空間と軸受外部とを連通させるための隙間40,42を有するジャーナル軸受10では、下流側の第2軸受パッド32から上流側の第1軸受パッド30に至る領域で該隙間40,42から吸い込まれた空気が潤滑油に混入し得る。このため、第1軸受パッド30にキャリーオーバされる潤滑油には多くの空気が含まれ、実質の潤滑油の油量が少ないと考えられる。したがって、第1軸受パッド30の上流側直前の給油ユニット25,26と、第2軸受パッド32の上流側直前の給油ユニット27,28との吐出油量が同じであっても、第2軸受パッド32に比べて第1軸受パッド30では潤滑油不足となりやすい。また、潤滑油は非圧縮性流体であるのに対して、潤滑油に含まれる空気は圧縮性流体であるため、第1軸受パッド30(特に前縁近傍)において潤滑油に含まれる気泡が押しつぶされ、第1軸受パッド30の前縁30a側において動圧が生じにくくなる。
これにより、第1軸受パッド30の負荷能力が低下し、複数の軸受パッド30,32間における負荷能力の適正なバランスが維持できなくなる。そのため、回転数の上昇に伴いロータ軸2の軸心軌跡が鉛直線上から逸れてしまい、異常振動が発生したり、軸受性能が低下したりする可能性が高くなる。
この構成において、サイドプレート17,18の第2領域とロータ軸2との間の間隔(第2隙間42)は比較的広いので、第2領域の周方向範囲において潤滑油は排出されやすい。そのため、回転するロータ軸2に連れまわって第1領域側へ向けて搬送されるキャリーオーバ油は、第1領域に到達する前にその大部分がジャーナル軸受10の外部へ排出される。
また、サイドプレート17,18の第1領域とロータ軸2との間の間隔は比較的狭いので、第1領域の周方向範囲においては潤滑油が排出され難い。そのため、一対のサイドプレート17,18の各第1領域とロータ軸2とで囲まれる空間、すなわち第1軸受パッド30の上流側の空間に、潤滑油の油溜まりが形成される。この油溜まりからの潤滑油が第1軸受パッド30とロータ軸2との間の隙間に流れ込んで油膜を形成するため、この油膜に気泡が含有することを抑制でき、第1軸受パッド30における油膜圧力を十分に高く維持することができる。なお、上述したように第2領域の周方向範囲においてキャリーオーバ油はその大部分が排出されるので、油溜まりまで到達するキャリーオーバ油を少なくすることができ、これによっても油溜まりの潤滑油に混入する空気量を低減できる。
これらのことから、複数の軸受パッド30,32間における負荷能力のバランスを適正に保つことができ、ジャーナル軸受10の異常振動の発生防止および軸受性能の向上が図れる。
具体的には、キャリーオーバ抑制部34,36は、一対のサイドプレート17,18の間の少なくとも一部において軸方向に延在している。あるいは、図1に示すようにジャーナル軸受10がガイドメタル20,21を備える場合、少なくとも一つのキャリーオーバ抑制部34,36は、一対のガイドメタル20,21間に設けられていてもよい。
また、キャリーオーバ抑制部34,36は、ロータ軸2の回転に伴って下流側へ流れるキャリーオーバ油を堰き止めるためのダム、又は、ロータ軸2の回転に伴って第1領域の周方向範囲に侵入しようとするキャリーオーバ油をロータ軸2からそぎ落とすためのスクレーパであってもよい。例えば、第2領域の周方向範囲のうち第2軸受パッド32に近い位置に、キャリーオーバ抑制部34としてのダムが設けられ、第2領域の周方向範囲のうち第1軸受パッド30に近い位置に、キャリーオーバ抑制部36としてのスクレーパが設けられる。
他のキャリーオーバ抑制部36は、第1軸受パッド30の前縁30aの上流側に設けられている。より具体的には、キャリーオーバ抑制部36は、最上流の給油ユニット(後述する第1給油ユニット)25の上流側であり給油ユニット25の近傍に設けられていてもよい。
この構成によれば、第1軸受パッド30の上流側及び該第1軸受パッド30の周方向範囲内ではサイドプレート117,18とロータ軸2との間の間隔が比較的狭いので、油溜まりおよび第1軸受パッド30に保持される潤滑油量を十分に確保することができる。よって、第1軸受パッド30における油膜圧力を高く維持することができる。
また、上半部サイドプレート17A,18Aおよび下半部サイドプレート17B,18Bは、それぞれ、ロータ軸2との間に一定の隙間を形成するようになっており、上半部サイドプレート17A,18Aとロータ軸2の間の第1隙間40(第1間隔)と、下半部サイドプレート17B,18Bとロータ軸2の間の第2隙間42(第2間隔)とは間隔が異なっている。すなわち、第1領域を形成する下半部サイドプレート17B,18Bと、第2領域を形成する上半部サイドプレート17A,18Aとは別体で形成されているため、間隔の異なる第1隙間40および第2隙間42の調整が容易である。
同図において、下半部サイドプレート17B,18B及び上半部サイドプレート17A,18Aは、それぞれ、中心角が180度の半円環形状をなしており、互いの接合面50が、水平面を表すX軸に対して傾斜している。
これにより、各軸受パッド30,32、油溜まり、および軸受内部空間と外部空間とを連通する隙間42のそれぞれの配置の自由度を向上させることができる。
このように、上半部サイドプレート17A,18Aと下半部サイドプレート17B,18Bの接合面50の傾斜角βを上記範囲内に設定することで、第1領域及び第2領域を適切に配置し、第1軸受パッド30の上流側の油溜まり領域を広く確保するとともに、最下流側パッド(図では第2軸受パッド32)の直ぐ下流側における潤滑油の排出を促進し、キャリーオーバ油を効果的に減らすことができる。
上記構成によれば、軸受パッド間において開口52から潤滑油が排出されるので、軸受パッド30,32間に潤滑油が溜まってロータ軸2の撹拌抵抗が増大してしまうことを回避できる。
この回転機械1によれば、異常振動が発生しにくく且つ優れた軸受性能を有するジャーナル軸受10を備えているので、信頼性の高い回転機械1を提供することができる。
例えば、「同一」、「等しい」及び「均質」等の物事が等しい状態であることを表す表現は、厳密に等しい状態を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の差が存在している状態も表すものとする。
例えば、四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表す表現は、幾何学的に厳密な意味での四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表すのみならず、同じ効果が得られる範囲で、凹凸部や面取り部等を含む形状も表すものとする。
一方、一の構成要素を「備える」、「含む」、又は、「有する」という表現は、他の構成要素の存在を除外する排他的な表現ではない。
2 ロータ軸
10 ジャーナル軸受
12 上半部キャリアリング
13 下半部キャリアリング
17,18 上半部サイドプレート
17A,18A 上半部サイドプレート
17B,18B 下半部サイドプレート
20,21 ガイドメタル
25,26 第1給油ユニット
27,28 給油ユニット
29 第2給油ユニット
30 第1軸受パッド
32 第2軸受パッド
34,36 キャリーオーバ抑制部
40 第1隙間
42 第2隙間
50 接合面
52 開口
Claims (12)
- キャリアリングと、
前記キャリアリングの下半領域の内周側に設けられ、ロータ軸を下方から支持するように構成された複数の軸受パッドと、
前記ロータ軸の軸方向における前記複数の軸受パッドの両側に設けられる一対のサイドプレートと、を備え、
各々の前記サイドプレートは、
前記複数の軸受パッドのうち最上流側に位置する第1軸受パッドの上流側の周方向範囲を含む第1領域と、
前記第1領域の上流側に位置し、前記サイドプレートの内周面と前記ロータ軸の外周面との間の間隔が前記第1領域よりも大きい第2領域と、
を含む
ことを特徴とするジャーナル軸受。 - 前記第2領域の周方向範囲内において前記キャリアリングの内周側に、前記キャリアリングから径方向内方に向かって突出して設けられ、キャリーオーバ油の下流側への流れを抑制するように構成された少なくとも一つのキャリーオーバ抑制部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 前記第1領域の周方向範囲内において前記第1軸受パッドの上流側に設けられ、前記第1軸受パッドに潤滑油を供給するための少なくとも一本の第1給油ユニットをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 前記第2領域の周方向範囲内において、前記複数の軸受パッドのうち最下流側に位置する第2軸受パッドの下流側に設けられ、前記第2軸受パッドの後縁側に潤滑油を供給するための第2給油ユニットをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか一項に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 前記第1領域の下流側端は、前記第1軸受パッドの後縁よりも下流側に位置することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 前記第1領域の下流側端および前記第2領域の上流側端の角度位置θは、前記複数の軸受パッドのうち最下流側に位置する第2軸受パッドの張り角をαとし、前記第2軸受パッドの後縁の角度位置をθTEとしたとき、θTE-0.25α≦θ≦θTE+0.25αを満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れか一項に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 各々の前記サイドプレートは、前記間隔が第1間隔で一定である前記第1領域を形成する下半部と、前記間隔が第2間隔で一定である前記第2領域を形成する上半部と、を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の何れか一項に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 各々の前記サイドプレートは、前記下半部と前記上半部との接合面が水平面に対して傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 前記接合面の前記水平面に対する傾斜角は、5度以上45度以下であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 前記第1領域における前記間隔をG1とし、前記第2領域における前記間隔をG2とし、前記サイドプレートの内径をDとしたとき、G1≦0.01D、且つ、G2≧0.02Dを満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至9の何れか一項に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 各々の前記サイドプレートは、隣接する一対の前記軸受パッド間の周方向位置において、潤滑油を排出するための少なくとも一つの開口を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至10の何れか一項に記載のジャーナル軸受。
- 請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載のジャーナル軸受と、
前記ジャーナル軸受によって支持されるロータ軸と、
を備えることを特徴とする回転機械。
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