WO2017148254A1 - 一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮及其调配方法 - Google Patents

一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮及其调配方法 Download PDF

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WO2017148254A1
WO2017148254A1 PCT/CN2017/073381 CN2017073381W WO2017148254A1 WO 2017148254 A1 WO2017148254 A1 WO 2017148254A1 CN 2017073381 W CN2017073381 W CN 2017073381W WO 2017148254 A1 WO2017148254 A1 WO 2017148254A1
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parts
full
bagasse
beef cattle
price
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PCT/CN2017/073381
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谭文兴
蚁细苗
韦家周
梁达奉
韦红桥
马步
黄曾慰
韦志坚
吴兆鹏
常国炜
张宇
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广东省生物工程研究所（广州甘蔗糖业研究所）
广西农垦金光乳业有限公司
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Publication of WO2017148254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017148254A1/zh
Priority to US15/808,040 priority Critical patent/US10499665B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of feed, and more particularly relates to a full-price diet suitable for different fattening stages of beef cattle and a method for blending the same.
  • the different fattening stages of beef cattle can be divided into three stages: shelf cattle, compensatory growth and meat quality improvement.
  • the growth intensity of bone, muscle and fat in the growth process of beef cattle is not synchronous, but there is a growth order, generally in the stage of shelf cattle.
  • Each organ grows faster, and the nutrient supply is high in protein and low in energy. Therefore, for the breeding of beef cattle, the whole family diet suitable for different fattening stages is very important, which not only can save the consumption of concentrate feed, reduce the growth cost, but also produce better quality beef cattle and play the growth potential of beef cattle. Achieve the best fattening effect.
  • sugarcane sugar production There are more than 500 large sugar factories in China.
  • the by-products of sugar cane sugar production include bagasse, molasses and sugarcane leaf. These by-products accumulate nearly 10 million tons per year, and even become garbage that is difficult to handle.
  • bagasse is mainly burned as boiler fuel of sugar factory
  • molasses is mainly used for producing alcohol
  • sugarcane leaf is used for direct feeding and silage.
  • sugarcane sugar by-products are rich in nutrients, such as bagasse containing crude protein and a large amount of crude fiber; molasses contains a lot of sugar; sugarcane tips are rich in sugar, protein and various vitamins. In theory, these nutrients can be treated by Secondary use.
  • the bagasse has too much lignin content, poor palatability, is rarely used directly as feed, and the ash content in by-products is high, and it is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve the feed utilization rate.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a full-price diet and method for the sugarcane sugar by-products to be used in the different fattening stages of beef cattle.
  • a full-price diet suitable for different fattening stages of beef cattle including the following parts by weight: 15 to 45 parts of bagasse, 25 to 70 parts of sugarcane tip leaves, 4 to 18 parts of molasses, 1 to 12 parts of corn flour, and 4 by-products of beans ⁇ 12 parts, 4 to 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 to 12 parts of slag, 0.1 to 1.2 parts of urea, 0.4 to 1.8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.4 to 1.2 parts of stone powder, 0.05 to 0.6 parts of bacteria, and premix 0.4 to 1.2 parts.
  • the full-price diet of 7-13 months old beef cattle includes the following raw materials: 15-25 parts of bagasse, 55-70 parts of sugarcane leaflets, 4-6 parts of molasses, 1-3 parts of corn flour, 9-by-bean by-products. 12 parts, 9 to 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 to 6 parts of bad residue, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of urea, 1.2 to 1.8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.9 to 1.2 parts of stone powder, 0.05 to 0.2 parts of bacteria, and 0.4 premix. ⁇ 0.6 parts.
  • the full-price diet formula of 7-13 month old beef cattle comprises the following parts by weight: 20 parts of bagasse, 60 parts of sugarcane leaf, 5 parts of molasses, 2 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of bean by-product, and 10 seeds of rapeseed meal 5 parts, 5 parts of slag, 0.2 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of stone powder, 0.1 part of strain and 0.5 part of premix.
  • the full-price diet of 14-18 months old beef cattle includes the following raw materials: 25-35 parts of bagasse, 40-55 parts of sugarcane tip leaves, 12-18 parts of molasses, 8-12 parts of corn flour, and 6-bean by-products. 9 parts, 6-9 parts of rapeseed meal, 6-9 parts of bad residue, 0.3-0.8 parts of urea, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.6-0.9 parts of stone powder, 0.2-0.4 parts of strain and 0.6 of premix ⁇ 0.9 parts.
  • the full-price diet of 14-18 months old beef cattle comprises the following raw materials: 30 bagasse, 45 sugarcane tips, 15 molasses, 10 corn flour, 7.5 bean by-products, and 7.5 seedlings. Parts, 7.5 parts of slag, 0.6 parts of urea, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.75 parts of stone powder, 0.3 parts of strain and 0.75 parts of premix.
  • the full-price diet of 19- to 24-month-old beef cattle includes the following raw materials: 35-45 bagasse, 25-40 parts of sugarcane leaflets, 6-12 parts of molasses, 3-8 parts of corn flour, and 4 to 8 of bean by-products. 6 parts, 4-6 parts of rapeseed meal, 9-12 parts of slag, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 0.4-0.8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.4-0.6 parts of stone powder, 0.4-0.6 parts of strain and 0.9 of premix. ⁇ 1.2 parts.
  • the full-price diet formula of 19- to 24-month-old beef cattle comprises the following parts by weight: 40 parts of bagasse, 30 parts of sugarcane tip leaves, 10 parts of molasses, 6 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bean by-products, and rapeseed meal 5 10 parts, 10 parts of slag, 1 part of urea, 0.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of stone powder, 0.5 parts of strain and 1 part of premix.
  • the bean by-product is peanut bran or soybean meal.
  • the slag is beer lees or cassava slag.
  • a method for blending full-price diets for different fattening stages of beef cattle is prepared according to the above-mentioned full-price diet formula by the following process steps:
  • the bagasse has a moisture content of 55-85%, and is immersed in an alkali solution for 15 to 65 minutes, and the alkali liquor is squeezed out to obtain alkalized bagasse, and is used;
  • step (3) adding molasses, corn flour, peanut bran or soybean meal, rapeseed meal, beer or cassava residue, urea, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, bacteria and premix to the roughage obtained in step (2), and mixing;
  • the bagasse has a moisture content of 60% to 80%.
  • the alkali solution is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration is 3% to 8% by mass.
  • the lye is soaked for 20 to 60 minutes.
  • the alkalized bagasse has a moisture content of 55% to 65%.
  • the invention uses the sugarcane sugar by-products to be used for the full-price diet of different beef fattening stages, and realizes the resource utilization of the sugarcane sugar by-products, and is prepared according to different fattening stages of the beef cattle compared with the common feed of the same stage.
  • the full-price diet has lower production costs and lower feed-to-feed ratio, which can bring higher economic value;
  • the invention can flexibly adjust the proportion of raw materials according to the nutritional demand, and formulate a full-price diet that meets different fattening stages of beef cattle: the full-price diet formula of beef cattle of 7-13 months old focuses on increasing the crude protein content (the crude protein content is more than 16%) ), increase the amount of peanut bran and rapeseed meal; 14 to 18 months old beef cattle full-price diet formula focus on increasing energy feed (crude protein content of 14% or more), increase the amount of corn flour and molasses; 19 ⁇ 24
  • the full-price diet formula of beef cattle of the month of age increases the feed of crude fiber (the crude protein content is 11% to 13%), and increases the amount of alkalinized bagasse and residue;
  • the bagasse used in the present invention is treated by the alkali solution to destroy the cell wall structure of the bagasse, which not only can decompose the lignin to soften the bagasse, improve the palatability, but also improve the adsorption performance of the bagasse, and is beneficial to adsorb the nutrients in the diet, so that These nutrients do not slowly decompose after entering the rumen, greatly improving the absorption of nutrients by beef cattle;
  • Example 1 The first stage of fattening (7-13 months old) full-price diet formula
  • step (3) Add 5kg of molasses, 2kg of corn flour, 10kg of peanut bran, 10kg of rapeseed meal, 5kg of beer grains, 0.2kg of urea, 1.5kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1kg of stone powder, 0.5kg of premix, to the roughage obtained in step (2). And the strain 0.1kg, mixed evenly;
  • Example 2 the second stage of fattening (14-18 months old) full-price diet formula
  • step (3) Add 15kg of molasses, 10kg of corn flour, 7.5kg of peanut bran, 7.5kg of rapeseed meal, 7.5kg of brewer's grains, 0.6kg of urea, 1kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.75kg of stone powder, and premixed to the roughage obtained in step (2). 0.75kg of material and 0.3kg of strain, mixed evenly;
  • Example 3 the third stage of fattening (19-24 months old) full-price diet formula
  • step (3) Add 10kg of molasses, 6kg of corn flour, 5kg of soybean meal, 5kg of rapeseed meal, 10kg of cassava residue, 1kg of urea, 0.5kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg of stone powder, 1kg of premix, and bacteria to the roughage obtained in step (2). 0.5kg, evenly mixed;
  • Silage corn stover (40%), bagasse (5%), beer dregs (35%), molasses (5%), concentrate (15%, of which corn flour accounts for 50%, soybean meal 5%, rapeseed meal 15%) , palm ⁇ 15%, bran 9%, salt 1%, sodium bicarbonate 1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, stone powder 1%, premix 1%, etc.).
  • Silage corn stover (40%), bagasse (5%), beer dregs (30%), molasses (10%), concentrate (20%, of which corn flour accounts for 50%, soybean meal 5%, rapeseed meal 15%) , palm ⁇ 15%, bran 9%, salt 1%, sodium bicarbonate 1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, stone powder 1%, premix 1%, etc.).
  • Silage corn stover (35%), bagasse (10%), beer dregs (30%), molasses (15%), concentrate (10%, of which corn flour accounts for 50%, soybean meal 5%, rapeseed meal 15%) , palm ⁇ 15%, bran 9%, salt 1%, sodium bicarbonate 1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, stone powder 1%, premix 1%, etc.).
  • step (3) Add 10 parts of molasses, 10 parts of corn flour, 7.5 parts of peanut bran, 7.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 7.5 parts of cassava residue, 0.6 parts of urea, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 0.75 parts of stone powder to the roughage obtained in step (2). 0.3 parts of bacteria and 0.75 parts of premix, evenly mixed;
  • the above costs are based on corn straw 400 yuan / ton, bagasse 230 yuan / ton, cane tip leaf 220 yuan / ton, corn flour 2350 yuan / ton, peanut bran 3000 yuan / ton, soybean meal 2630 yuan / ton, beer slag 480 yuan / ton, cassava slag 250 yuan / ton, molasses 920 yuan / ton count.
  • the full-price diet formula of the present invention has the characteristics of promoting digestion and absorption, improving the rate of feed return, and the like. Better than conventional feed formulations.
  • Feeding test divided into three test groups:
  • the body weight was weighed before the test, and each group was fed with the corresponding feed to ensure that the trough was continuously fed and fed ad libitum.
  • the results of the weight-to-weight ratio of the fed beef cattle in each group are shown in Table 5.
  • Table 5 Weight ratio of beef cattle after 60 days of feeding
  • Table 5 show that the present invention feeds the beef of the corresponding fattening stage according to the feed formulated in different fattening stages of the beef cattle (Examples 1-3), and the feed weight ratio is the lowest. It is indicated that the feeds of the same raw materials but different ratios or blending methods have different adaptability to different fattening stages of beef cattle, and can be applied to the full-price diet corresponding to the nutrient requirements of the fattening stage, so as to achieve the effect of low input and high output.

Abstract

一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮及其调配方法，是以甘蔗叶和碱化液处理的蔗渣作粗饲料，以糖蜜和玉米粉作能量饲料，以花生麸或豆粕、菜籽粕作蛋白饲料，以尿素、磷酸氢钙、石粉、菌种和预混料等为其它添加料。

Description

一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮及其调配方法 技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域，更具体地涉及一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮及其调配方法。
背景技术
肉牛的不同育肥阶段可分为架子牛、代偿生长和肉质改善三个阶段，肉牛在生长过程中骨骼、肌肉、脂肪的生长强度并不是同步的，而是有生长顺序，一般在架子牛阶段，各器官生长较快，营养物质供应是高蛋白和低能量。因此，对于肉牛的饲养来说，适用于不同育肥阶段的全家日粮非常重要，不但可以节约精饲料的消耗量，降低生长成本，还能生产出质量较好的肉牛，发挥肉牛的生长潜能，达到最佳的育肥效果。
我国约有500多家大型糖厂，甘蔗制糖后的副产品有蔗渣、糖蜜、甘蔗梢叶，这些副产品每年积累近千万吨，甚至成为难以处理的垃圾。目前，甘蔗制糖副产品的利用方式比较单一，且循环利用效益低。其中，蔗渣主要作为糖厂的锅炉燃料被烧，糖蜜主要用于生产酒精，甘蔗梢叶则用于直接喂饲与青贮。
由于甘蔗制糖副产品营养物质丰富，如蔗渣含有粗蛋白和大量的粗纤维；糖蜜含有大量糖分；甘蔗梢叶则富含糖、蛋白质和各种维生素，理论上来说，这些营养物质经处理可被二次利用。然而蔗渣中木质素含量过多，适口性差，极少被直接用作饲料，并且副产物中灰分含量高，需要采取合适的手段提高其饲料利用率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种甘蔗制糖副产品全回用于调配肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮及方法。
本发明所采取的技术方案是：
一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣15～45份、甘蔗梢叶25～70份、糖蜜4～18份、玉米粉1～12份、豆类副产品4～12份、菜籽粕4～12份、糟渣类4～12份、尿素0.1～1.2份、磷酸氢钙0.4～1.8份、石粉0.4～1.2份、菌种0.05～0.6份和预混料0.4～1.2份。
7～13月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣15～25份、甘蔗梢叶55～70份、糖蜜4～6份、玉米粉1～3份、豆类副产品9～12份、菜籽粕9～12份、糟渣类4～6份、尿素0.1～0.3份、磷酸氢钙1.2～1.8份、石粉0.9～1.2份、菌种0.05～0.2份和预混料0.4～ 0.6份。
优选的，7～13月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣20份、甘蔗梢叶60份、糖蜜5份、玉米粉2份、豆类副产品10份、菜籽粕10份、糟渣类5份、尿素0.2份、磷酸氢钙1.5份、石粉1份、菌种0.1份和预混料0.5份。
14～18月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣25～35份、甘蔗梢叶40～55份、糖蜜12～18份、玉米粉8～12份、豆类副产品6～9份、菜籽粕6～9份、糟渣类6～9份、尿素0.3～0.8份、磷酸氢钙0.8～1.2份、石粉0.6～0.9份、菌种0.2～0.4份和预混料0.6～0.9份。
优选的，14～18月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣30份、甘蔗梢叶45份、糖蜜15份、玉米粉10份、豆类副产品7.5份、菜籽粕7.5份、糟渣类7.5份、尿素0.6份、磷酸氢钙1份、石粉0.75份、菌种0.3份和预混料0.75份。
19～24月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣35～45份、甘蔗梢叶25～40份、糖蜜6～12份、玉米粉3～8份、豆类副产品4～6份、菜籽粕4～6份、糟渣类9～12份、尿素0.8～1.2份、磷酸氢钙0.4～0.8份、石粉0.4～0.6份、菌种0.4～0.6份和预混料0.9～1.2份。
优选的，19～24月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣40份、甘蔗梢叶30份、糖蜜10份、玉米粉6份、豆类副产品5份、菜籽粕5份、糟渣类10份、尿素1份、磷酸氢钙0.5份、石粉0.5份、菌种0.5份和预混料1份。
所述豆类副产品为花生麸或豆粕。
所述糟渣类为啤酒糟或木薯渣。
一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮的调配方法，按上述全价日粮配方，由以下的工艺步骤制备而成：
(1)蔗渣调节水分为55～85％，用碱液浸泡处理15～65min，挤压排出碱液，获得碱化蔗渣，备用；
(2)甘蔗梢叶揉丝或切段，加入步骤(1)中的碱化蔗渣，混合搅拌均匀，得粗饲料；
(3)向步骤(2)所得粗饲料中添加糖蜜、玉米粉、花生麸或豆粕、菜籽粕、啤酒糟或木薯渣、尿素、磷酸氢钙、石粉、菌种和预混料，混匀；
(4)装袋密封保存10天以上。
优选的，步骤(1)中，蔗渣调节水分为60％～80％。
优选的，步骤(1)中，碱液为氢氧化钠水溶液，浓度为质量百分比3％～8％。
优选的，步骤(1)中，碱液浸泡处理20～60min。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述碱化蔗渣的水分为55％～65％。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明将甘蔗制糖副产品全回用于调配肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，实现了甘蔗制糖副产品的资源化利用，相对于同阶段普通饲料，根据肉牛不同育肥阶段调配的全价日粮生产成本更低，喂饲料重比更低，可带来更高的经济价值；
(2)本发明可根据营养需求灵活调整原料比例，调配出满足肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮：7～13月龄肉牛全价日粮配方重点增加粗蛋白质含量(粗蛋白含量16％以上)，增加花生麸和菜籽粕的添加量；14～18月龄肉牛全价日粮配方重点增加能量方面饲料(粗蛋白含量14％以上)，增加玉米粉和糖蜜的添加量；19～24月龄肉牛全价日粮配方重点增加粗纤维方面饲料(粗蛋白含量11％～13％)，增加碱化蔗渣和糟渣类的添加量；
(3)本发明使用的蔗渣通过碱液处理，破坏蔗渣细胞壁结构，不仅可以分解木质素软化蔗渣，提高适口性，还可以提高蔗渣的吸附性能，有利于把日粮中营养物质进行吸附，使这些营养物质进入瘤胃后不会缓慢分解，大大提高肉牛对营养物质的吸收；
(4)通过碱液处理后的蔗渣和与甘蔗梢叶混合，利用残留在蔗渣中碱液对甘蔗梢叶碱化处理，实现对粗饲料软化作用，并且长短纤维搭配合理，增加肉牛反刍次数，有利于肉牛对日粮的消化吸收。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明，任何在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的替换或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1、育肥第一阶段(7～13月龄)全价日粮配方
(1)取20kg蔗渣，加水调节蔗渣水分至70％，用浓度6％(w/w)的氢氧化钠浸泡50min后，挤压，获得水分为55％的碱化蔗渣，备用；
(2)称取甘蔗梢叶60kg，揉丝或切成3～4cm的小段，加入步骤(1)的碱化蔗渣，混合搅拌均匀，得粗饲料；
(3)向步骤(2)所得粗饲料中添加糖蜜5kg、玉米粉2kg、花生麸10kg、菜籽粕10kg、啤酒糟5kg、尿素0.2kg、磷酸氢钙1.5kg、石粉1kg、预混料0.5kg和菌种0.1kg，混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(3)混匀后的物料，通过液压打捆设备，压成一定长度的方块，然后装袋密封保存10天以上。
实施例2、育肥第二阶段(14～18月龄)全价日粮配方
(1)取蔗渣30kg，加水调节蔗渣水分至80％，用浓度8％(w/w)的氢氧化钠浸泡20min后，挤压，获得水分为65％的碱化蔗渣，备用；
(2)称取甘蔗梢叶45kg，先揉丝或切成3～4cm的小段，加入步骤(1)的碱化蔗渣，混合搅拌均匀，得粗饲料；
(3)向步骤(2)所得粗饲料中添加糖蜜15kg、玉米粉10kg、花生麸7.5kg、菜籽粕7.5kg、啤酒糟7.5kg、尿素0.6kg、磷酸氢钙1kg、石粉0.75kg、预混料0.75kg和菌种0.3kg，混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(3)混匀后的物料，通过液压打捆设备，压成一定长度的方块，然后装袋密封保存10天以上。
实施例3、育肥第三阶段(19～24月龄)全价日粮配方
(1)称取蔗渣40kg，加水调节蔗渣水分至60％，用浓度3％(w/w)的氢氧化钠浸泡60min后，挤压，获得水分为60％的碱化蔗渣，备用；
(2)称取甘蔗梢叶30kg，先揉丝或切成3～4cm的小段，加入步骤(1)的碱化蔗渣，混合搅拌均匀，得粗饲料；
(3)向步骤(2)所得粗饲料中添加糖蜜10kg、玉米粉6kg、豆粕5kg、菜籽粕5kg、木薯渣10kg、尿素1kg、磷酸氢钙0.5kg、石粉0.5kg、预混料1kg和菌种0.5kg，混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(3)混匀后的物料，通过液压打捆设备，压成一定长度的方块，然后装袋密封保存10天以上。
对比例1、普通育肥第一阶段(7～13月龄)全价日粮配方
青贮玉米秸秆(40％)、甘蔗渣(5％)，啤酒渣(35％)、糖蜜(5％)、精料(15％，其中玉米粉占50％，豆粕5％，菜籽粕15％，棕榈粕15％，麸皮9％，食盐1％，碳酸氢钠1％，磷酸氢钙1％、石粉1％、预混料1％等)。
对比例2、普通育肥第二阶段(14～18月龄)全价日粮配方
青贮玉米秸秆(40％)、甘蔗渣(5％)，啤酒渣(30％)、糖蜜(10％)、精料(20％，其中玉米粉占50％，豆粕5％，菜籽粕15％，棕榈粕15％，麸皮9％，食盐1％，碳酸氢钠1％，磷酸氢钙1％、石粉1％、预混料1％等)。
对比例3、普通育肥第三阶段(19～24月龄)全价日粮配方
青贮玉米秸秆(35％)、甘蔗渣(10％)，啤酒渣(30％)、糖蜜(15％)、精料(10％，其中玉米粉占50％，豆粕5％，菜籽粕15％，棕榈粕15％，麸皮9％，食盐1％，碳酸氢钠1％，磷酸氢钙1％、石粉1％、预混料1％等)。
对比例4
(1)取10kg蔗渣，加水调节蔗渣水分至80％，用浓度8％(w/w)的氢氧化钠浸泡20min后，挤压，获得水分为65％的碱化蔗渣，备用；
(2)称取甘蔗梢叶80kg，先揉丝或切成3～4cm的小段，加入步骤(1)的碱化蔗渣，混合搅拌均匀，得粗饲料；
(3)向步骤(2)所得粗饲料中添加糖蜜10份、玉米粉10份、花生麸7.5份、菜籽粕7.5份、木薯渣7.5份、尿素0.6份、磷酸氢钙1份、石粉0.75份、菌种0.3份和预混料0.75份，混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(3)混匀后的物料，通过液压打捆设备，压成一定长度的方块，然后装袋密封保存10天以上。
对比例5
将下述原料混合均匀：蔗渣30kg，甘蔗梢叶45kg，糖蜜15kg、玉米粉10kg、花生麸7.5kg、菜籽粕7.5kg、啤酒糟7.5kg、尿素0.6kg、磷酸氢钙1kg、石粉0.75kg、预混料0.75kg和菌种0.3kg；混匀后的物料通过液压打捆设备，压成一定长度的方块，然后装袋密封保存10天以上。
实验例1
(1)饲料成本分析
对实施例1～3及对比例1～3生产的饲料进行成本核算，结果如表1所示。
表1 各组饲料成本
Figure PCTCN2017073381-appb-000001
注：以上成本按玉米秸秆400元/吨，蔗渣230元/吨，蔗梢叶220元/吨，玉米粉2350元/吨，花生麸3000元/吨，豆粕2630元/吨，啤酒渣480元/吨，木薯渣250元/吨，糖蜜920元/吨算。
(2)喂饲试验
分为三个对比试验组：
1、选用7～13月龄肉牛60头，随机分成2组，分别给予对比例1及实施例1饲料；
2、选用14～18月龄肉牛60头，随机分成2组，分别给予对比例2及实施例2饲料；
3、选用19～24月龄肉牛60头，随机分成2组，分别给予对比例3及实施例3饲料。
试验前称量体重，各组别分别以相应的饲料喂养，保证食槽不断料，自由采食；各组别对肉牛的生长影响试验结果如表2～4所示：
表2、7～13月龄肉牛喂养60天后结果对比
Figure PCTCN2017073381-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017073381-appb-000003
表3、14～18月龄肉牛喂养60天后结果对比
Figure PCTCN2017073381-appb-000004
表4、19～24月龄肉牛喂养60天后结果对比
Figure PCTCN2017073381-appb-000005
从表2～4试验结果可知，三个营养阶段的肉牛，喂饲实施例的饲料的料重比均低于喂饲对比例的饲料。其原因是本发明配方中的蔗渣经碱化后，破坏其细胞壁结构，同时当碱化后的蔗渣与蔗梢叶混合时，碱化蔗渣残留的碱液会达到对蔗梢叶碱化的效果，这样就会提高甘蔗梢叶和蔗渣的消化率，大大降低两者的消化能，进而在采食量低的情况下，增重却有明显提高。从增长1kg肉饲料成本也可以看出，喂饲实施例的饲料成本比对照组都有明显降低，因此本发明的全价日粮配方具有促进消化吸收、提高饲料报酬率等特点，饲养效果明显比常规饲料配方好。
实验例2
喂饲试验，分为三个试验组：
1、选用7～13月龄肉牛150头，随机分成5组，分别给予对比例4～5及实施例1～3饲料；
2、选用14～18月龄肉牛150头，随机分成5组，分别给予对比例4～5及实施例1～3饲料；
3、选用19～24月龄肉牛150头，随机分成5组，分别给予对比例4～5及实施例1～3饲料。
试验前称量体重，各组别分别以相应的饲料喂养，保证食槽不断料，自由采食；各组别喂饲肉牛的料重比结果如表5所示。
表5、肉牛喂养60天后料重比
Figure PCTCN2017073381-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2017073381-appb-000007
表5结果表明：本发明根据肉牛不同育肥阶段调配的饲料(实施例1～3)喂饲相应育肥阶段的肉牛，其料重比最低。说明对于同种原料但不同配比或调配方式的饲料，对肉牛不同育肥阶段的适应性不同，适用于对应育肥阶段营养需求的全价日粮，才能实现低投入高产出的效果。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣15～45份、甘蔗梢叶25～70份、糖蜜4～18份、玉米粉1～12份、豆类副产品4～12份、菜籽粕4～12份、糟渣类4～12份、尿素0.1～1.2份、磷酸氢钙0.4～1.8份、石粉0.4～1.2份、菌种0.05～0.6份和预混料0.4～1.2份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，其特征在于：7～13月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣15～25份、甘蔗梢叶55～70份、糖蜜4～6份、玉米粉1～3份、豆类副产品9～12份、菜籽粕9～12份、糟渣类4～6份、尿素0.1～0.3份、磷酸氢钙1.2～1.8份、石粉0.9～1.2份、菌种0.05～0.2份和预混料0.4～0.6份。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，其特征在于：7～13月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣20份、甘蔗梢叶60份、糖蜜5份、玉米粉2份、豆类副产品10份、菜籽粕10份、糟渣类5份、尿素0.2份、磷酸氢钙1.5份、石粉1份、菌种0.1份和预混料0.5份。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，其特征在于：14～18月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣25～35份、甘蔗梢叶40～55份、糖蜜12～18份、玉米粉8～12份、豆类副产品6～9份、菜籽粕6～9份、糟渣类6～9份、尿素0.3～0.8份、磷酸氢钙0.8～1.2份、石粉0.6～0.9份、菌种0.2～0.4份和预混料0.6～0.9份。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，其特征在于：14～18月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣30份、甘蔗梢叶45份、糖蜜15份、玉米粉10份、豆类副产品7.5份、菜籽粕7.5份、糟渣类7.5份、尿素0.6份、磷酸氢钙1份、石粉0.75份、菌种0.3份和预混料0.75份。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，其特征在于：19～24月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣35～45份、甘蔗梢叶25～40份、糖蜜6～12份、玉米粉3～8份、豆类副产品4～6份、菜籽粕4～6份、糟渣类9～12份、尿素0.8～1.2份、磷酸氢钙0.4～0.8份、石粉0.4～0.6份、菌种0.4～0.6份和预混料0.9～1.2份。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，其特征在于：19～24月龄肉牛的全价日粮配方包括以下重量份原料：蔗渣40份、甘蔗梢叶30份、糖蜜10份、玉米粉6份、豆类副产品5份、菜籽粕5份、糟渣类10份、尿素1份、磷酸氢钙0.5份、石粉0.5份、菌种0.5份和预混料1份。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，其特征在于：所述 豆类副产品为花生麸或豆粕。
  9. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮，其特征在于：所述糟渣类为啤酒糟或木薯渣。
  10. 一种适用肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮的调配方法，其特征在于：按权利要求1～9任一项所述的全价日粮配方，由以下的工艺步骤制备而成：
    (1)蔗渣调节水分为55～85％，用碱液浸泡处理15～65min后，挤压，获得碱化蔗渣，备用；
    (2)甘蔗梢叶揉丝或切段，加入步骤(1)中的碱化蔗渣，混合搅拌均匀，得粗饲料；
    (3)向步骤(2)所得粗饲料中添加糖蜜、玉米粉、花生麸或豆粕、菜籽粕、啤酒糟或木薯渣、尿素、磷酸氢钙、石粉、菌种和预混料，混匀；
    (4)装袋密封保存10天以上。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的调配方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，蔗渣调节水分为60％～80％。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的调配方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，碱液为氢氧化钠水溶液，浓度为质量百分比3％～8％。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的调配方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，碱液浸泡处理20～60min。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的调配方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述碱化蔗渣的水分为55％～65％。
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