WO2018094629A1 - 一种含甜高粱秸秆酒糟的动物饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含甜高粱秸秆酒糟的动物饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018094629A1
WO2018094629A1 PCT/CN2016/107009 CN2016107009W WO2018094629A1 WO 2018094629 A1 WO2018094629 A1 WO 2018094629A1 CN 2016107009 W CN2016107009 W CN 2016107009W WO 2018094629 A1 WO2018094629 A1 WO 2018094629A1
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solid
animal feed
grains
fermentation
distiller
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PCT/CN2016/107009
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French (fr)
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李十中
蒋红琴
仉磊
祖旭
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清华大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
    • A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants

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  • the invention relates to the field of fermentation, in particular to a method for recycling sweet sorghum straw distiller's grains.
  • the roughage is a necessary feed for ruminants, which provides energy, enriches the gastrointestinal tract, promotes gastrointestinal motility, regulates microflora, stimulates animal ruminants, and promotes the development of ruminal function in young animals.
  • China's forage resources are insufficient, and grassland degradation is serious.
  • climate warming and atmospheric circulation patterns have changed, and affected by the "El Nino" phenomenon, droughts have occurred throughout China. The degree and frequency have intensified. Inner Mongolia suffered an unprecedented drought this summer, and the grassland and crops were severely reduced.
  • distiller's grains contain more nutrients such as crude protein, crude fat and minerals. They have high nutritional and medicinal value, rich in nutrients and have been developed as a valuable renewable resource. value.
  • sweet sorghum stalks are rich in nutritive value.
  • the object of the present invention is an animal feed comprising, on a dry matter basis, 10-40% by weight of sweet sorghum distiller's grains, 0-30% by weight of silage corn stover, 25-35 wt% of corn, 5-15 wt% of bran, 5 - 10 wt% soybean meal, 5-10 wt% cotton aphid, 0.5-1.5 wt% baking soda, 0.3-0.7 wt% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.5 wt% stone powder, 0.3-0.8 wt% salt, 1 wt% % premix.
  • the sweet sorghum distiller's grains comprise 10% of the animal feed.
  • the sweet sorghum distiller's grains comprise 20% of the animal feed.
  • the animal is a domestic animal.
  • the animal is a ruminant.
  • the animal is a cow or a sheep.
  • the preparation of the sweet sorghum distiller's grains comprises the following steps:
  • the sweet sorghum stem is pulverized by a pulverizer and then sent to a feed bin of the solid fermenter through a conveyor as a fermentation raw material;
  • Solid-state fermentation the fermented raw material to which the above-mentioned strain is added is fermented in a rotary drum solid-state fermenter to convert fermentable sugar into ethanol, and the rotary drum solid-state fermenter realizes the fermentation raw material continuously through its own rotation. Movement in the direction of the feed port, the inoculum amount is 5-15% (v/v), the fermentation time is 20-48 hr, and the stirring speed is controlled at 0.05-0.1 rpm;
  • Solid-state distillation carried out in a solid distillation column, the fermentation material at the outlet of the rotary drum solid-state fermenter is continuously placed in a distillation column for solid-state distillation, and the steam generated by the steam boiler enters the bottom of the distillation column and has two diameters and uniform distribution. After the gas distributor of the pores, the fermentation material is subjected to solid state distillation, and the distilled gas is collected in the ethanol collection tank by the ethanol produced by the condensation cooler;
  • Drying Drying and pulverizing the fermented distiller's grains.
  • the raw material pulverization of the step (1) is to smash the sweet sorghum straw into a feed bin which is fed into the solid fermenter through a conveyor after the diameter is 1-5 mm and the length is less than 50 mm.
  • the ethanol strain in the step (2) is a high-yield ethanol yeast species CGMCC No. 1949.
  • the composite microbial agent in the step (6) comprises: Geotrichum candidum, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum.
  • premix referred to in this paper is the abbreviation of additive premixed feed, which is one or more trace components (including various trace mineral elements, various vitamins, synthetic amino acids, certain drugs and other additives) and thinner. Or an intermediate type compound feed product prepared by mixing the carrier as required and uniformly mixing. Premixes are not specifically required, and commercially available mature products are generally purchased commercially or homemade.
  • the sweet sorghum stalk with a water content of 70% and a hammering degree of 15 (the total sugar content of the stem is 9-10%, and the reducing sugar is 4-5%) is used as a raw material, and is cut and pulverized into a filament shape (diameter 1-5 mm, The length is less than 50 mm), and the solid fermentation is carried out directly in a solid fermenter by a high-yield ethanol yeast strain, the inoculum amount is 10% (v/v), the fermentation time is 33 hr, and the stirring speed is controlled at 0.08 rpm. Ethanol was obtained after distillation, and the ethanol content was 4.23 g/100 g of sorghum stalk, and the theoretical yield of ethanol was 90-94%.
  • the solid fermentation of sweet sorghum stems produces distiller's grains including the following steps:
  • Raw material pulverization The sweet sorghum stem is pulverized to a diameter of 1-5 mm and a length of less than 50 mm by a pulverizer, and then sent to a feed bin of the solid fermenter through a conveyor. As a fermentation raw material;
  • strain addition high-yield ethanol yeast is added to the fermentation raw material at the inoculating mouth of the drum type solid-state fermenter, and the strain may be CGMCC No. 1949;
  • Solid-state fermentation the fermented raw material to which the above-mentioned strain is added is fermented in a rotary drum solid-state fermenter to convert fermentable sugar into ethanol, and the rotary drum solid-state fermenter realizes the fermentation raw material continuously through its own rotation.
  • the direction of the mouth is 5-15% (v/v)
  • the fermentation time is 20-48 hr
  • the stirring speed is controlled at 0.05-0.1 rpm. ;
  • Solid-state distillation is carried out in a solid distillation column, and the fermentation material at the outlet of the drum-type solid-state fermenter is continuously placed in a distillation column for solid-state distillation, and the steam generated by the steam boiler enters the bottom of the distillation column and has two diameters and uniform After the gas distributor of the pores is distributed, the fermented material is subjected to solid state distillation, and the distilled gas is collected in an ethanol collecting tank by the ethanol produced after passing through the condensing cooler.
  • Drying Drying and pulverizing the fermented distiller's grains.
  • the animal feed containing 10-40% by weight of sweet sorghum distiller's grains on a dry matter basis was fed to beef cattle or mutton sheep for growth performance test.
  • the animal feed also includes (both in dry matter): 0-30 wt% silage corn stover, 25-35 wt% corn, 5-15 wt% bran, 5-10 wt% soybean meal, 5-10 wt% cotton ⁇ , 0.5-1.5 wt% baking soda, 0.3-0.7 wt% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.5 wt% stone powder, 0.3-0.8 wt% salt, 1 wt% premix, the specific test procedure is as follows.
  • Table 3 shows the effects of feeding diets containing different levels of distiller's grains on blood biochemical parameters of beef cattle.
  • the total protein of beef cattle fed 25% and 50% distiller's grains was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the urea nitrogen decreased. Feeding 75% and 100% distiller's grains
  • the total protein and urea nitrogen of the beef cattle were not significantly different from the control group; the four test groups had no significant effect on blood glucose.
  • Usually total protein and urea nitrogen reflect the digestion, absorption and metabolism of proteins in animals. There was a positive correlation between plasma urea nitrogen content and rumen liquid ammonia nitrogen concentration, and a negative correlation with protein utilization.
  • distiller's grains to the diet reduced the level of urea nitrogen, indicating that the protein decomposition was lower than that of the control group, the deposition of nitrogen in the body was increased, and the utilization of protein was reduced.
  • an increase in total protein in the blood indicates that animal protein metabolism is strong, and a decrease indicates that animal protein metabolism is affected. This indicates that a certain amount of distiller's grains feed is beneficial to reduce urea nitrogen and increase total protein content. More nitrogen in the distiller's grains is used to synthesize protein.
  • the pH value refers to the acidity in beef, which is related to the degree of accumulation of lactic acid produced by glucose fermentation in beef.
  • the pH value has a direct effect on the palatability, tenderness, cooking loss and shelf time of the meat, and has a significant correlation with the hydraulic and flesh color of the beef. If the pH value of the beef is too low, it reflects that the glycolysis in the body is too fast after slaughter, which will cause the damage of the muscle endometrium and increase the drip loss, shortening the shelf life of the beef.
  • the cooking loss is the weight that the beef reduces after heating for a certain period of time in a specific temperature water bath. Dietary distiller's grains reduce cooking losses, which is related to higher pH. Usually low pH causes damage to the muscle endometrium resulting in loss of moisture, resulting in increased loss during cooking. Muscle water loss is also a cause of increased shear force. Therefore, the shearing force of the diet after adding distiller's grains decreased, indicating that the beef in the distiller's grains group was tenderer than the control group. Meat color is one of the important indicators to determine the quality of beef, and it is often one of the criteria for consumers to choose when buying beef.
  • L* reflects the brightness of the meat. The higher the value, the brighter the meat color; a* represents the redness value of the meat, and b* represents the yellowness value of the meat. Adding distiller's grains to the diet increases the L* of the beef, which may be related to the alcohols contained in the distiller's grains.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are that the distiller's grain feed produced by the method of the invention not only saves the forage material, reduces the cost, but also improves the growth performance and the meat quality, and the feed of the distiller's grains is effective. Use also solves a lot of distiller's grains
  • the problem of environmental pollution is "three things in one fell swoop.”
  • the feed is simple to produce, and the raw materials after large-scale production are abundant, which is convenient for expanding and promoting the profits of the farmers.

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Abstract

一种动物饲料，以干物质计包括：10-40wt％的甜高粱酒糟、0-30wt％的青贮玉米秸、25-35wt％的玉米、5-15wt％的麸皮、5-10wt％的豆粕、5-10wt％的棉粕、0.5-1.5wt％的小苏打、0.3-0.7wt％的磷酸氢钙、0.5-1.5wt％的石粉、0.3-0.8wt％的盐、1wt％的预混料。所述甜高粱酒糟的制备包括：使用高产乙醇酵母菌种CGMCCNo.1949进行固态发酵，固态蒸馏得到乙醇和酒糟，在酒糟中加入白地霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌进行二次发酵，烘干粉碎而得。该饲料可提高肉牛生产性能，促进氮的代谢，改善肉质。

Description

一种含甜高粱秸秆酒糟的动物饲料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及发酵领域，特别涉及甜高粱秸秆酒糟的再利用方法。
背景技术
粗饲料是反刍动物必须的饲料，其可提供能量、充实胃肠、促进胃肠蠕动、调节微生物区系、刺激动物反刍及促进幼畜瘤胃机能的发育。然而，众所周知，我国饲草资源不足，草地退化现象严重，尤其近些年随着温室气体排放量增加引起气候变暖和大气环流模式发生改变，加上受“厄尔尼诺”现象影响，我国各地遭受旱灾的程度和频率不断加剧，内蒙今年夏季就遭遇了史无前例的干旱，草场、作物减产严重，因此我国目前动物饲养所需的粗饲料非常紧缺，特别是内蒙、河南、山东、辽宁等牛羊养殖量大的地区饲草料的缺口很大。这就造成养殖业更多地依赖于饲草料进口，花费巨大。因此，有必要利用工农业副产品作为饲草料的替代品，这些副产品具有资源丰富、营养价值高、通常成本低廉的优点。
酿造业产生废渣量很大，主要含有酿造中繁殖的大量酵母等菌体，以及未利用的粮食组成。酒糟中除含有大量粗纤维外，还含有较多的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、矿物质等营养素，具有较高的营养和药用价值，营养成分十分丰富，具有作为一种宝贵再生资源深入开发的价值。随着甜高粱秆连续固体发酵生产燃料乙醇技术的突破和大力推广，大量酒糟的高值利用成为关乎乙醇厂经济效益的重要问题。甜高粱秆酒糟营养价值丰富，在发酵过程中产生并积累了大量营养丰富的酵母菌体及其有用的代谢产物，如有机酸、多糖、氨基酸等，可提高适口性并帮助反刍动物消化。遗憾的是，国内虽有不少对酒糟进行开发利用的研 究报道，但形成工业化生产的不多，在对生产企业环保要求日益严格的今天，酒糟的处理已成为我国酿酒企业十分头痛的问题，亟需开发出新的技术和手段予以解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于一种动物饲料，以干物质计包括：10-40wt％的甜高粱酒糟、0-30wt％的青贮玉米秸、25-35wt％的玉米、5-15wt％的麸皮、5-10wt％的豆粕、5-10wt％的棉粕、0.5-1.5wt％的小苏打、0.3-0.7wt％的磷酸氢钙、0.5-1.5wt％的石粉、0.3-0.8wt％的盐、1wt％的预混料。
优选地，所述甜高粱酒糟占动物饲料的10％。
优选地，所述甜高粱酒糟占动物饲料的20％。
优选地，所述动物为家畜。
优选地，所述动物为反刍动物。
优选地，所述动物为牛或羊。
优选地，所述甜高粱酒糟的制备包括如下步骤：
(1)原料粉碎：用粉碎机对甜高粱茎杆进行粉碎后通过输送机送入固态发酵罐的进料仓，作为发酵原料；
(2)菌种添加：在转鼓式固态发酵罐的接种口处向发酵原料中添加乙醇菌种；
(3)固态发酵：将上述添加了菌种的发酵原料在转鼓式固态发酵罐中进行发酵，使可发酵糖转化为乙醇，转鼓式固态发酵罐通过自身的转动实现发酵原料不断向出料口方向运动，其接种量为5-15％(v/v),发酵时间20-48hr,搅拌转速控制在0.05-0.1rpm；
(4)固态蒸馏：在固体蒸馏塔中进行，转鼓式固态发酵罐出口的发酵料连续放入蒸馏塔中进行固态蒸馏，蒸汽锅炉产生的蒸汽进入蒸馏塔底部的两个直径不同且均匀分布气孔的气体分布器后对发酵料进行固态蒸馏，蒸馏后的气体通过冷凝冷却器后生产的乙醇收集在乙醇收集罐中；
(5)乙醇蒸馏后，得到酒糟；
(6)二次发酵：在酒糟中加入复合微生物菌剂，进行二次发酵；
(7)烘干：对发酵后的酒糟进行烘干，粉粹。
优选地，所述步骤(1)的原料粉碎是将甜高粱秸秆粉碎到直径1-5mm,长度小于50mm后通过输送机送入固态发酵罐的进料仓。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中的乙醇菌种是高产乙醇酵母菌种CGMCCNo.1949。
优选地，所述步骤(6)中的复合微生物菌剂包括：白地霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌。
应当理解，前述大体的描述和后续详尽的描述均为示例性说明和解释，并不应当用作对本发明所要求保护内容的限制。
具体实施方式
通过参考示范性实施例，本发明的目的和功能以及用于实现这些目的和功能的方法将得以阐明。然而，本发明并不受限于以下所公开的示范性实施例；可以通过不同形式来对其加以实现。说明书的实质仅仅是帮助相关领域技术人员综合理解本发明的具体细节。
本文所称的预混料是添加剂预混合饲料的简称，它是将一种或多种微量组分(包括各种微量矿物元素、各种维生素、合成氨基酸、某些药物等添加剂)与稀释剂或载体按要求配比，均匀混合后制成的中间型配合饲料产品。预混料没有特别要求，一般通过商业途径购买市售的成熟产品，也可自制。
为了更好地说明本发明，便于理解本发明的技术方案，本发明的典型但非限制性的实施例如下：
实施例
实施例1
以含水量70％，锤度为15(实际茎秆总糖含量为9-10％,还原糖4-5％)的甜高梁秆为原料，经切割与粉碎成丝状(直径1-5mm,长度小于50mm)，通过高产乙醇酵母菌种直接在固体发酵罐中进行固态发酵，接种量为10％(v/v)，发酵时间33hr，搅拌转速控制在0.08rpm。蒸馏后得到乙醇，乙醇含量为4.23g/100g高粱秆，乙醇理论收率90-94％。
甜高粱茎杆固体发酵生产酒糟包括以下步骤：
(1)原料粉碎：用粉碎机对甜高粱茎杆进行粉碎到直径1-5mm,长度小于50mm后通过输送机送入固态发酵罐的进料仓。作为发酵原料；
(2)菌种添加：在转鼓式固态发酵罐的接种口处向发酵原料中添加高产乙醇酵母菌，所述菌种可以是CGMCC No.1949；
(3)固态发酵：将上述添加了菌种的发酵原料在转鼓式固态发酵罐中进行发酵，使可发酵糖转化为乙醇，转鼓式固态发酵罐通过自身的转动实现发酵原料不断向出料口方向运动，其接种量为5-15％(v/v),发酵时间20-48hr,搅拌转速控制在0.05-0.1rpm。；
(4)固态蒸馏：是在固体蒸馏塔中进行，转鼓式固态发酵罐出口的发酵料连续放入蒸馏塔中进行固态蒸馏，蒸汽锅炉产生的蒸汽进入蒸馏塔底部的两个直径不同且均匀分布气孔的气体分布器后对发酵料进行固态蒸馏，蒸馏后的气体通过冷凝冷却器后生产的乙醇收集在乙醇收集罐中。
(5)发酵蒸馏后得到酒糟。
(6)二次发酵：在酒糟中加入复合微生物菌剂，进行二次发酵；
(7)烘干：对发酵后的酒糟进行烘干，粉粹。
将以干物质计含有10-40wt％的甜高粱酒糟的动物饲料饲喂肉牛或肉羊，进行生长性能的试验。其中动物饲料还包括(均以干物质计)：0-30wt％的青贮玉米秸、25-35wt％的玉米、5-15wt％的麸皮、5-10wt％的豆粕、5-10wt％的棉粕、0.5-1.5wt％的小苏打、0.3-0.7wt％的磷酸氢钙、0.5-1.5wt％的石粉、0.3-0.8wt％的盐、1wt％的预混料，具体试验过程如下。
实施例2
选择遗传背景一致，年龄、体重相近的西门塔尔杂种肉牛30头，随机分为5个处理，每个处理6头，单栏饲养。对照组粗饲料为青贮玉米秸，另外四个试验组分别用25％、50％、75％、100％的酒糟替代青贮玉米秸。试验采用TMR全混合日粮，日粮组成及其营养水平见下表1。试验牛预试期15天，在此期间完成驱虫、健康检查、饲料适应性观测，正试期90天。每天饲喂两次(08:00和16:30)，自由饮水。
表1 日粮配方组成
Figure PCTCN2016107009-appb-000001
正试期结束后测量生长性能、血液生化指标并分析肉品质，数据取平均值。
表2 饲喂含不同水平酒糟日粮对肉牛生长性能的影响
Figure PCTCN2016107009-appb-000002
如表2所示，饲喂25％和50％酒糟的肉牛日增重分别比对照组提高6.2％和4.6％，采食量也比对照组分别提高5.5％和5.6％；饲喂75％和100％酒糟的肉牛与对照组差异不大。这说明含一定量的酒糟饲料的适口性更好，更有利于肉牛增重。
表3 饲喂含不同水平酒糟日粮对肉牛血液生化指标的影响
Figure PCTCN2016107009-appb-000003
表3是饲喂含不同水平酒糟日粮对肉牛血液生化指标的影响，饲喂25％和50％酒糟的肉牛总蛋白均比对照组显著提高、尿素氮下降；饲喂75％和100％酒糟的肉牛总蛋白和尿素氮则与对照组差异不大；四个试验组均对血糖影响不明显。通常总蛋白和尿素氮反映的是蛋白质在动物体内的消化、吸收和代谢情况。反当动物血浆尿素氮含量与瘤胃液氨态氮浓度具有一定程度的正相关，与蛋白质的利用率呈负相关。日粮添加酒糟降低了尿素氮的水平，说明蛋白质分解比对照组低，体内沉积氮有所提高，蛋白的利用率降低。一般来说，血液中总蛋白含量升高说明动物蛋白质代谢旺盛，降低则说明动物蛋白质代谢受到了影响。这说明含一定量的酒糟饲料有利于降低尿素氮、提高总蛋白含量，酒糟中更多的氮被利用合成了蛋白质。
表4 饲喂含不同水平酒糟日粮对肉牛肉品质的影响
Figure PCTCN2016107009-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016107009-appb-000005
根据表4，日粮添加酒糟提高了牛肉排酸后的pH值并降低了剪切力，减少了蒸煮损失，提高了肉色中的L*，而a*和b*略有降低。pH值是指牛肉中的酸度，与牛肉中葡萄糖发酵产生的乳酸在体内积累的程度有关。pH值对肉的适口性、嫩度、蒸煮损失和货架时间有直接影响，并与牛肉的系水力和肉色等指标呈显著相关性关系。如果牛肉pH值过低，则反映了屠宰后体内糖原酵解速度过快，会引起肌肉内膜受损导致滴水损失增加，缩短牛肉的货架期，因此肉牛日粮添加酒糟有利于牛肉货架期的延长。蒸煮损失是牛肉在特定温度水浴中加热一定时间后减少的重量。日粮添加酒糟减少了蒸煮损失，这与其pH值较高有关。通常低pH值引起肌肉内膜受损导致水分损失，导致蒸煮时损失增加。肌肉水分损失也是导致剪切力加大的一个原因，因此日粮添加酒糟后剪切力下降，说明酒糟组牛肉相对对照组来说肉质较嫩。肉色是判定牛肉品质好坏的重要指标之一，往往也是消费者在购买牛肉时进行选择的标准之一。L*反应了肉的亮度，数值越大肉色越亮；a*代表肉的红度值，b*代表肉的黄度值。日粮添加酒糟提高了牛肉的L*，这可能与酒糟中含有的醇类物质有关。
由上表可以看出，四个试验组均相对于对照组在肉品质方面获得了显著改善。
实施例3
选择遗传背景一致，年龄、体重相近的小尾寒羊30头，随机分为5个处理，每个处理6头，单栏饲养。对照组粗饲料为青贮玉米杆，另外四个试验组分别用25％、50％、75％、100％的酒糟替代青贮玉米杆。试验采用TMR全混合日粮，日粮组成及其营养水平见下表5。预试期15天，在此期间完成驱虫、健康检查、饲料适应性观测，正试期60天。每天饲喂两次(08:00和17:00)，自由饮水。
表5.日粮配方
Figure PCTCN2016107009-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2016107009-appb-000007
正试期后测量生长性能，数据取平均值。
表6 饲喂含不同水平酒糟日粮对肉羊生长性能的影响
Figure PCTCN2016107009-appb-000008
如表6所示，饲喂不同水平酒糟的肉羊日增重分别比对照组提高4.8％、14.3％、2.4％和1.05％，采食量也比对照组分别提高2.6％、10.4％、3.5％和5.2％，而且25％和50％酒糟组的饲料转化率也显著优于对照组。这说明含酒糟的日粮大大提高了饲料的适口性，促进了肉羊的采食，从而提高了肉羊的日增重。
本发明的有益效果在于：给动物使用本发明的方法生产的酒糟饲料不仅节约了饲草料，降低了成本，而且在生长性能和肉品质方面得到了很好的改善，同时酒糟的饲料化有效利用还解决了大量酒糟带来 的环境污染问题，“一举三得”。此外，该饲料生产简单，规模化生产后的原料丰富，便于扩大推广，提高养殖户的利润。
结合这里披露的本发明的说明和实践，本发明的其他实施例对于本领域技术人员都是易于想到和理解的。说明和实施例仅被认为是示例性的，本发明的真正范围和主旨均由权利要求所限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种动物饲料，其特征在于，以干物质计包括：10-40wt％的甜高粱酒糟、0-30wt％的青贮玉米秸、25-35wt％的玉米、5-15wt％的麸皮、5-10wt％的豆粕、5-10wt％的棉粕、0.5-1.5wt％的小苏打、0.3-0.7wt％的磷酸氢钙、0.5-1.5wt％的石粉、0.3-0.8wt％的盐、1wt％的预混料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的动物饲料，其中所述甜高粱酒糟占动物饲料的10％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的动物饲料，其中所述甜高粱酒糟占动物饲料的20％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的动物饲料，其中所述动物为家畜。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的动物饲料，其中所述动物为反刍动物。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的动物饲料，其中所述动物为牛或羊。
  7. 一种如权利要求1所述的动物饲料，其中所述甜高粱酒糟的制备包括如下步骤：
    (1)原料粉碎：用粉碎机对甜高粱茎杆进行粉碎后通过输送机送入固态发酵罐的进料仓，作为发酵原料；
    (2)菌种添加：在转鼓式固态发酵罐的接种口处向发酵原料中添加乙醇菌种；
    (3)固态发酵：将上述添加了菌种的发酵原料在转鼓式固态发酵罐中进行发酵，使可发酵糖转化为乙醇，转鼓式固态发酵罐通过自身的转动实现发酵原料不断向出料口方向运动，其接种量为5-15％(v/v),发酵时间20-48hr,搅拌转速控制在0.05-0.1rpm；
    (4)固态蒸馏：在固体蒸馏塔中进行，转鼓式固态发酵罐出口的发酵料连续放入蒸馏塔中进行固态蒸馏，蒸汽锅炉产生的蒸汽进入蒸馏塔底部的两个直径不同且均匀分布气孔的气体分布器后对发酵料进行固态蒸馏，蒸馏后的气体通过冷凝冷却器后生产的乙醇收集在乙醇收集罐中；
    (5)乙醇蒸馏后，得到酒糟；
    (6)二次发酵：在酒糟中加入复合微生物菌剂，进行二次发酵；
    (7)烘干：对发酵后的酒糟进行烘干，粉粹。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的动物饲料，其中所述步骤(1)的原料粉碎是将甜高粱秸秆粉碎到直径1-5mm,长度小于50mm后通过输送机送入固态发酵罐的进料仓。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的动物饲料，其中所述步骤(2)中的乙醇菌种是高产乙醇酵母菌种CGMCCNo.1949。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的动物饲料，其中所述步骤(6)中的复合微生物菌剂包括：白地霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌。
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CN109497294A (zh) * 2019-01-04 2019-03-22 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 一种亚热带地区台湾甜象草与小白菜和玉米混合青贮方法
CN109497303A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-03-22 西南大学 一种用于新疆褐牛生产高档牛肉的饲料及制备方法
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CN111345403A (zh) * 2020-05-13 2020-06-30 泰安市岱岳区泰峰农牧机械厂 一种土豆渣、秸秆粉发酵牛羊饲料制备方法及其制备机
CN115074261A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-20 四川轻化工大学 一种布拉迪酵母及其发酵培养基与一种反刍动物饲料及其制备方法

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