WO2017148229A1 - 一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2017148229A1
WO2017148229A1 PCT/CN2017/072024 CN2017072024W WO2017148229A1 WO 2017148229 A1 WO2017148229 A1 WO 2017148229A1 CN 2017072024 W CN2017072024 W CN 2017072024W WO 2017148229 A1 WO2017148229 A1 WO 2017148229A1
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tank
sludge
clarification
flocculation
reaction tank
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PCT/CN2017/072024
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘海洋
李俊儒
江澄宇
谷小兵
邓贤东
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大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5281Installations for water purification using chemical agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/18Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the purification of gaseous effluents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/04Flow arrangements
    • C02F2301/043Treatment of partial or bypass streams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a desulfurization wastewater treatment device and method with low sludge production amount.
  • coal-fired power generation is the main form of energy supply in China.
  • most power plants in China have adopted limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization technology to remove sulfur dioxide from flue gas, but the wet desulfurization system also produces desulfurization wastewater.
  • the wet desulfurization wastewater of coal-fired power plants is complex in composition, containing high concentrations of suspended solids, supersaturated sulfites, chloride ions, sulfates and various heavy metals.
  • the desulfurization wastewater is mainly treated by chemical precipitation method, mainly by removing the pollutants in the desulfurization wastewater by means of neutralization, precipitation, flocculation, etc., commonly known as the triple box method.
  • lime milk or other alkaline agent lime milk
  • the pH is generally controlled to be 9.0 to 9.5.
  • most heavy metal ions such as Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ etc. form insoluble hydroxides under alkaline conditions, so heavy metal ions are hydrogen.
  • the oxide precipitated form is separated from the wastewater.
  • the commonly used chemical precipitation method has the advantages of simple operation and low operating cost, but the process produces a large amount of sludge, and the amount of sludge produced per ton of water is about 20 to 50 kilograms, and the sludge mainly comes from the suspension carried in the initial wastewater.
  • the precipitated calcium sulfate crystals and heavy metal precipitates are difficult to handle and dispose due to the presence of various heavy metals in the sludge.
  • the landfill method is mainly used for disposal, and the treatment and disposal costs are high.
  • the treatment cost per ton of sludge is about 300. yuan.
  • the use of landfill disposal methods can easily cause secondary pollution.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a desulfurization wastewater treatment apparatus and method having a low sludge production amount. It can reduce the amount of sludge generated in the desulfurization wastewater treatment process, reduce the treatment cost of desulfurization wastewater, and effectively reduce the possibility of secondary pollution.
  • a desulfurization wastewater treatment device with low sludge production amount comprising:
  • a primary sedimentation tank connected to a desulfurization waste water supply pipeline, and a first drainage pipeline at the bottom thereof;
  • a first flocculation reaction tank connected to the primary settling tank, and a first pharmaceutical dosing device
  • a first clarification tank connected to the first flocculation reaction tank, and a second sludge discharge pipe at the bottom thereof;
  • the first sludge discharge pipe and the second sludge discharge pipe are connected to a gypsum dewatering machine, the gypsum dewatering machine has a filtrate outlet, and the filtrate outlet is connected to the first flocculation reaction tank through a return line. ;
  • a de-concentration sedimentation tank group in communication with the first clarification tank.
  • the de-concentration pool group includes:
  • a de-weighting reaction cell connected to the first clarifier, and a second drug dosing device
  • a second flocculation reaction tank connected to the de-weighting reaction tank is provided with a third chemical dosing device;
  • a water outlet pipe that is in overflow communication with the second clarifier is provided with a fourth drug dosing device.
  • first flocculation reaction tank, the de-weighting reaction tank and the second flocculation reaction tank are all provided with a liquid mixing device.
  • the liquid mixing device is a stirring device or an aeration device.
  • the bottoms of the primary sedimentation tank, the first clarification tank and the second clarification tank are all bucket-shaped, and the tip end of the bucket is connected to the first sludge drain pipe, the second sludge drain pipe or the third sludge drain pipe.
  • a floating mud baffle is arranged in the primary settling tank. In order to avoid the floating mud in the desulfurization wastewater entering the first flocculation reaction tank with the initial sediment.
  • the method for treating desulfurization wastewater with low sludge production amount based on the above device comprises the following steps:
  • the desulfurization wastewater enters the primary sedimentation tank. After physical sedimentation, the primary sedimentation liquid and the primary sedimentation sludge are produced, and the primary sludge enters the gypsum dewatering machine;
  • the initial sedimentation liquid enters the first flocculation reaction tank, and sodium sulfate, flocculant and coagulant are added to the pool to precipitate supersaturated calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite in the primary sediment by the action of the medicament, and at the same time increase the suspended solids.
  • step 1) and step 3 the filtrate produced by the gypsum dehydrator is returned to the first flocculation reaction tank.
  • step 4 the first clear liquid enters the heavy sedimentation tank group to remove heavy metal ions and perform secondary flocculation treatment including:
  • the flocculant and the coagulant are added to the tank, and the sedimentation performance of the suspended solids in the heavy supernatant liquid is increased by the flocculation reaction; the secondary flocculation liquid is obtained;
  • the secondary flocculation liquid enters the second clarification tank, and after the mud water separation in the pool, the secondary clarification liquid is obtained and the heavy metal sludge is produced; the heavy metal sludge is dehydrated and then post-treated; the secondary clarification liquid is added
  • the acidic agent is discharged after adjusting the pH to 6-9.
  • the alkaline agent in step 4-1) is lime milk.
  • the residence time of the desulfurization wastewater in the step 1) in the primary settling tank is 40 to 90 min.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for softening treatment of desulfurization wastewater according to the present invention
  • a desulfurization wastewater treatment device with a low sludge production amount comprising: a primary sedimentation tank 1 connected to a desulfurization waste water supply pipeline, and a first sludge drainage pipeline at a bottom thereof a first flocculation reaction tank 3 connected to the primary sedimentation tank 1 is provided with a first chemical dosing device; a first clarification tank 5 communicating with the first flocculation reaction tank 3 is provided with a second sludge discharge pipe at the bottom thereof; a row of mud pipes and a second row of mud pipes are connected to the gypsum dewatering machine 2, the gypsum dewatering machine 2 has a filtrate outlet, and the filtrate outlet is connected to the first flocculation reaction tank 3 through a return line; a de-concentration sedimentation tank group connected to the pool 5, comprising a de-weighting reaction tank 6 connected to the first clarification tank 5, a second chemical dosing device; and a second floc
  • the first flocculation reaction tank 3, the de-reaction reaction tank 5, and the second flocculation reaction tank 8 are each provided with a liquid mixing device.
  • the liquid mixing device may be selected from the stirring devices 4, 7, and 9 in the figure; or an aeration device may be used instead.
  • the bottoms of the primary settling tank 1, the first clarifier 5 and the second clarifier 11 are all bucket-shaped, and the bucket-shaped tips are respectively connected to the first sludge pipe and the second mud Pipe or third drain pipe.
  • a floating mud baffle may be optionally disposed in the primary settling tank 1.
  • the related floating mud baffle structure belongs to a common design when a person skilled in the art handles similar problems, and the functions and structures thereof are well known to those skilled in the art, and are not described herein again.
  • the desulfurization wastewater When the desulfurization wastewater is softened, firstly, the desulfurization wastewater first enters the primary settling tank, and the residence time is 40-90 min. After physical sedimentation, the generated sludge enters the gypsum dewatering machine, and finally forms a gypsum by-product, which is produced by the gypsum dehydrator. The filtrate is returned to the first flocculation reaction tank;
  • the supernatant of the primary settling tank enters the first flocculation reaction tank, opens the stirring device, and adds the combined agent A to the first flocculation reaction tank through the pharmaceutical dosing device, and the combined agent A is sodium sulfate, a flocculating agent and a coagulant, and is precipitated by the reaction.
  • the wastewater in the first flocculation reaction tank enters the first clarification tank through an overflow method or a pipeline, and the mud water separation is realized in the first clarification tank, and the sludge generated in the first clarification tank enters the gypsum dewatering machine to finally form a gypsum by-product, and the gypsum dewatering machine
  • the produced filtrate is returned to the first flocculation reaction tank;
  • the de-sulfurization pretreatment of the desulfurization wastewater has been completed. Since the initial precipitation and flocculation and sedimentation process have not changed the acidic nature of the original desulfurization wastewater, the main components of the precipitate are calcium sulfate hydrate, so that it can enter the gypsum dehydration. Machine, used as a by-product of gypsum. Not only can the resources be recovered, but also most of the suspended solids and calcium salts in the wastewater are removed during the initial sedimentation and flocculation stage, which can effectively reduce the sludge production in the subsequent reaction section.
  • the supernatant in the first clarification tank enters the de-reaction reaction tank, the stirring device is turned on, and the combined agent B is added, and the combined agent B includes an alkaline agent and organic sulfur, and the pH in the reactor is controlled to be 9 to 9.5 for removing the wastewater.
  • Heavy metals such as lead, chromium, nickel, and mercury.
  • the alkaline agent is preferably lime milk, and sodium hydroxide or the like can also be used.
  • the waste water in the heavy reaction tank enters the second flocculation reaction tank through the overflow method or the pipeline, opens the stirring device, and adds the combined agent C to the reactor, and the combined agent C is a flocculating agent and a coagulant, and the wastewater is increased by flocculation reaction.
  • the wastewater in the second flocculation reaction tank enters the second clarification tank through the overflow method or the pipeline, and enters the second clarification tank.
  • the produced sludge contains a variety of heavy metals, which need to be disposed of separately.
  • the sludge is further treated after dehydration, and the supernatant produced by the second clarification tank is added to the agent D.
  • the agent D is an acidic agent, preferably hydrochloric acid.
  • the pH of the wastewater is adjusted to 6-9, and the final standard is discharged through the water outlet.
  • an acidic agent can be optionally added at the outlet pipe.
  • the wastewater first enters the primary sedimentation tank. After 60 minutes of sedimentation, the resulting sludge enters the gypsum dewatering machine. The supernatant of the primary sedimentation tank enters the flocculation reaction tank, and the stirring device is turned on. The dosing device adds sodium sulfate, flocculant and coagulant to the flocculation reaction tank to precipitate supersaturated calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite in the wastewater into crystal particles, and the wastewater in the flocculation reaction tank enters the clarification through the overflow method or the pipeline.
  • the mud water separation is realized in the clarification tank, and the sludge generated in the clarification tank enters the gypsum dewatering machine, and finally the gypsum by-product is formed, and the filtrate generated by the gypsum dehydrator is returned to the flocculation reaction tank.
  • the supernatant in the clarification tank enters the heavy reaction tank, the stirring device is turned on, a certain amount of lime milk and organic sulfur are added, and the pH in the reactor is controlled to be 9-9.5, which is used for removing lead, chromium, nickel, Heavy metals such as mercury. Then, the waste water in the reaction tank enters the flocculation reaction tank, the stirring device is turned on, the flocculating agent and the coagulant are added into the reactor, and the sedimentation performance of the suspended matter in the wastewater is increased by the flocculation reaction.
  • the wastewater in the flocculation reaction tank enters the clarification tank.
  • the generated sludge is further treated after dehydration, and the supernatant liquid produced by the clarification tank is added with hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the wastewater to 6-9, and finally reach the standard discharge. .
  • the amount of heavy metal sludge produced by tons of water is reduced to 10 kg, and the treatment cost can be reduced by 50% compared with the conventional triple tank desulfurization wastewater treatment process.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Abstract

一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,包括:与一脱硫废水来水管路连通的一初沉池(1),其底部设有一第一排泥管道;与初沉池(1)连通的一第一絮凝反应池(3),设置有一第一药剂投加装置;与第一絮凝反应池(3)连通的一第一澄清池(5),其底部设有一第二排泥管道;第一排泥管道及第二排泥管道连通至一石膏脱水机(2),石膏脱水机(2)具有一过滤液出口,过滤液出口通过一回流管路与第一絮凝反应池(3)连通;与第一澄清池(5)连通的一除重沉淀池组。同时提供基于该处理装置的脱硫废水处理方法。

Description

一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及环境保护技术领域,具体涉及一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置及方法。
背景技术
目前燃煤发电是我国主要能源供给形式。为了保护大气环境,近年来我国大多数电厂采用了石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫技术,用以去除烟气中的二氧化硫,但湿法脱硫该系统也会产生脱硫废水。燃煤电厂湿法脱硫废水成分复杂,含有高浓度悬浮物、过饱和的亚硫酸盐、氯离子、硫酸盐以及多种重金属。
目前脱硫废水主要采用化学沉淀法处理,主要是通过中和、沉淀、絮凝等方法去除脱硫废水中的污染物俗称三联箱法。由于脱硫废水具有酸性特征,且含有多种重金属离子,向废水中加入石灰乳或其他碱性剂(石灰乳)调节废水至碱性,一般控制pH值为9.0~9.5。由于除少数活泼金属外,大多数重金属离子如Fe3+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Cr3+等在碱性条件下会生成难溶氢氧化物,因此重金属离子以氢氧化物沉淀形式从废水中分离。但并非所有重金属都能以氢氧化物沉淀的形式较好去除,其中铅和汞很难采用中和沉淀法达标去除。一般采取向废水中投加硫化物的方法,使废水中的Hg2+与S2-生成难容的HgS沉淀,常用的硫化物为有机硫化剂。经前面化学沉淀反应后,再进行絮凝沉淀和浓缩澄清处理。
目前常用的化学沉淀法具有操作简单、运行费用较低的优点,但是该工艺产生污泥量大,吨水产生污泥量约为20~50千克,污泥主要来自于初始废水中携带的悬浮物、析出的硫酸钙晶体以及重金属沉淀物,由于污泥中含有多种重金属,造成处理与处置较为困难,目前主要采用填埋法处置,处理和处置费用高,每吨污泥处理成本约300元。此外,采用填埋的处置方式又很容易造成二次污染。
因此,为了降低污泥处理成本,避免二次污染,开发出低污泥产生量的废水处理技术具有重要的经济和环境效益。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置及方法。能够降低脱硫废水处理过程中的污泥产生量,降低脱硫废水处理成本,并有效降低二次污染发生的可能。
为达上述目的,本发明采取的具体技术方案是:
一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,包括:
与一脱硫废水来水管路连通的一初沉池,其底部设有一第一排泥管道;
与所述初沉池连通的一第一絮凝反应池,设置有一第一药剂投加装置;
与所述第一絮凝反应池连通的一第一澄清池,其底部设有一第二排泥管道;
所述第一排泥管道及第二排泥管道连通至一石膏脱水机,所述石膏脱水机具有一过滤液出口,所述过滤液出口通过一回流管路与所述第一絮凝反应池连通;
与所述第一澄清池连通的一除重沉淀池组。
进一步地,所述除重沉淀池组包括:
与所述第一澄清池连通的一除重反应池,设置有一第二药剂投加装置;
与所述除重反应池连通的一第二絮凝反应池,设置有一第三药剂投加装置;
与所述第二絮凝反应池连通的一第二澄清池,其底部设有一第三排泥管道;
与所述第二澄清池溢流连通的一出水管路,设置有一第四药剂投加装置。
进一步地,所述第一絮凝反应池、除重反应池及第二絮凝反应池均设置有液混装置。
进一步地,所述液混装置为一搅拌装置或一曝气装置。
进一步地,所述初沉池、第一澄清池及第二澄清池的底部均为斗状,所述斗状的尖端连通第一排泥管道、第二排泥管道或第三排泥管道。
进一步的,所述初沉池内设有浮泥挡板。用以避免脱硫废水中的浮泥随初沉清液进入第一絮凝反应池。
基于上述装置进行低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理方法,包括以下步骤:
1)脱硫废水进入初沉池,经过物理沉降后,产生初沉清液及初沉污泥,初沉污泥进入石膏脱水机;
2)初沉清液进入第一絮凝反应池,向池内投加硫酸钠、絮凝剂及助凝剂,通过药剂作用析出初沉清液中过饱和的硫酸钙和亚硫酸钙,同时增加悬浮物沉降性能;获得一次絮凝液;
3)一次絮凝液进入第一澄清池,在池内实现泥水分离,产生一次澄清液和一次澄清污泥,一次澄清污泥进入石膏脱水机;
4)一次澄清液进入除重沉淀池组中去除重金属离子并进行二次絮凝处理,得到可排放出水及二次澄清污泥;
步骤1)及步骤3)中,石膏脱水机产生的过滤液回流到第一絮凝反应池。
进一步地,步骤4)中一次澄清液进入除重沉淀池组中去除重金属离子并进行二次絮凝处理包括:
4-1)一次澄清液进入除重反应池,向池内投加碱性药剂和有机硫,控制池内pH为9~9.5;得到除重清液;
4-2)除重清液进入第二絮凝反应池,向池内投加絮凝剂和助凝剂,通过絮凝反应,增加除重清液中悬浮物的沉降性能;得到二次絮凝液;
4-3)二次絮凝液进入第二澄清池,在池内进行泥水分离后,得到二次澄清液并产生含重金属污泥;含重金属污泥脱水后进行后置处理;向二次澄清液加入酸性药剂,将pH调至6~9后排放。
进一步地,步骤4-1)中碱性药剂为石灰乳。
进一步地,步骤1)中脱硫废水在初沉池中停留时间为40~90min。
通过采取上述技术方案,能够通过对脱硫废水进行除固预处理,以及对产生的污泥分质处置,可有效降低污泥产生量,减少二次污染,同时节约运行和处理、处置成本,同时可以回收资源。
附图说明
图1为本发明脱硫废水软化处理的装置示意图;
附图标记说明:1-初沉池;2-石膏脱水机;3-第一絮凝反应池;4、7、9-搅拌装置;5-第一澄清池;6-除重反应池;8-第二絮凝反应池;10-第二澄清池;11-第三排泥管道。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。下面配合所附图对本发明的特征和优点作详细说明。
如图1所示,在一实施例中,提供一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,包括:与脱硫废水来水管路连通的初沉池1,其底部设有第一排泥管道;与初沉池1连通的第一絮凝反应池3,设置有一第一药剂投加装置;与第一絮凝反应池3连通的第一澄清池5,其底部设有一第二排泥管道;第一排泥管道及第二排泥管道连通至石膏脱水机2,石膏脱水机2具有一过滤液出口,所述过滤液出口通过一回流管路与第一絮凝反应池3连通;与第一澄清池5连通的一除重沉淀池组,包括与第一澄清池5连通的除重反应池6,设置有一第二药剂投加装置;与除重反应池6连通的第二絮凝反应池8,设置有第三药剂投加装 置;与第二絮凝反应池8连通的一第二澄清池10,其底部设有第三排泥管道11;与第二澄清池11溢流连通的出水管路,设置有第四药剂投加装置。
具体地,为了使絮凝和除重反应更加充分,第一絮凝反应池3、除重反应池5及第二絮凝反应池8均设置有液混装置。如图1所示,液混装置可选如图中的搅拌装置4、7、9;也可以采用曝气装置代替。
为了便于污泥的沉降和排放,初沉池1、第一澄清池5及第二澄清池11的底部均为斗状,所述斗状的尖端分别连通第一排泥管道、第二排泥管道或第三排泥管道。
另外,为了避免脱硫废水中的浮泥随初沉清液进入第一絮凝反应池3,初沉池1内可选择设置浮泥挡板。相关浮泥挡板结构属于本领域技术人员处理类似问题时的常用设计,其功能和结构均为本领域技术人员所公知,在此不再赘述。
在对脱硫废水进行软化处理时,首先,脱硫废水首先进入初沉池,停留时间为40~90min,经过物理沉降后,产生的污泥进入石膏脱水机,最终形成石膏副产品,石膏脱水机产生的过滤液回流到第一絮凝反应池;
初沉池上清液进入第一絮凝反应池,打开搅拌装置,通过药剂投加装置向第一絮凝反应池内投加组合药剂A,组合药剂A为硫酸钠、絮凝剂和助凝剂,通过反应析出废水中过饱和的硫酸钙和亚硫酸钙,同时增加悬浮物沉降性能;
第一絮凝反应池中的废水通过溢流方式或管道进入第一澄清池,在第一澄清池内实现泥水分离,第一澄清池产生的污泥进入石膏脱水机,最终形成石膏副产品,石膏脱水机产生的过滤液回流到第一絮凝反应池;
至此,完成对脱硫废水的除固预处理,由于初沉和絮凝沉淀过程中,并未改变原脱硫废水偏酸性的性质,产生的沉淀物主要成分均为硫酸钙水合物,因此可以进入石膏脱水机,作为石膏副产品利用。不仅可以回收资源,同时在初沉和絮凝沉淀阶段去除了废水中大部分悬浮物和钙盐,可以有效降低后续反应工段的污泥产生量。
第一澄清池中的上清液进入除重反应池,开启搅拌装置,投加组合药剂B,组合药剂B包括碱性药剂和有机硫,控制反应器内pH为9~9.5,用于去除废水中的铅、铬、镍、汞等重金属。碱性药剂优选为石灰乳,也可使用氢氧化钠等。
除重反应池内的废水通过溢流方式或管道进入第二絮凝反应池,开启搅拌装置,向反应器内投加组合药剂C,组合药剂C为絮凝剂和助凝剂,通过絮凝反应,增加废水中悬浮物的沉降性能;
第二絮凝反应池内的废水通过溢流方式或管道进入第二澄清池,在第二澄清池内进 行泥水分离后,产生的污泥含有多种重金属,需单独处置,污泥经过脱水后进一步处理,第二澄清池产生的上清液加入药剂D,药剂D为酸性药剂,优选为盐酸,将废水pH调至6~9,最终达标通过出水管路排放。为了获得更佳的调节效果,可选将酸性药剂在出水管路处投加。
以一实际工程为例,取某电厂脱硫废水,废水首先进入初沉池,经过60min沉降后,产生的污泥进入石膏脱水机,初沉池上清液进入絮凝反应池,打开搅拌装置,通过药剂投加装置向絮凝反应池内投加硫酸钠、絮凝剂和助凝剂,使废水中过饱和的硫酸钙和亚硫酸钙析出为晶体颗粒,絮凝反应池中的废水通过溢流方式或管道进入澄清池,在澄清池内实现泥水分离,澄清池产生的污泥进入石膏脱水机,最终形成石膏副产品,石膏脱水机产生的过滤液回流到絮凝反应池。
澄清池中的上清液进入除重反应池,开启搅拌装置,投加一定量的石灰乳和有机硫,控制反应器内pH为9~9.5,用于去除废水中的铅、铬、镍、汞等重金属。然后除重反应池内的废水进入絮凝反应池,开启搅拌装置,向反应器内投加絮凝剂和助凝剂,通过絮凝反应,增加废水中悬浮物的沉降性能。
然后絮凝反应池内的废水进入澄清池,在澄清池内进行泥水分离后,产生的污泥经过脱水后进一步处理,澄清池产生的上清液加入盐酸,将废水pH调至6~9,最终达标排放。
整个脱硫处理过程中,经核算,吨水产生的含重金属污泥量降低至10千克,并且通过污泥分置处理,其处理成本可较常规三联箱法脱硫废水处理工艺降低50%。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,其特征在于,包括:
    与一脱硫废水来水管路连通的一初沉池,其底部设有一第一排泥管道;
    与所述初沉池连通的一第一絮凝反应池,设置有一第一药剂投加装置;
    与所述第一絮凝反应池连通的一第一澄清池,其底部设有一第二排泥管道;
    所述第一排泥管道及第二排泥管道连通至一石膏脱水机,所述石膏脱水机具有一过滤液出口,所述过滤液出口通过一回流管路与所述第一絮凝反应池连通;
    与所述第一澄清池连通的一除重沉淀池组。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,其特征在于,所述除重沉淀池组包括:
    与所述第一澄清池连通的一除重反应池,设置有一第二药剂投加装置;
    与所述除重反应池连通的一第二絮凝反应池,设置有一第三药剂投加装置;
    与所述第二絮凝反应池连通的一第二澄清池,其底部设有一第三排泥管道;
    与所述第二澄清池溢流连通的一出水管路,设置有一第四药剂投加装置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,其特征在于,所述第一絮凝反应池、除重反应池及第二絮凝反应池均设置有液混装置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,其特征在于,所述液混装置为一搅拌装置或一曝气装置。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,其特征在于,所述初沉池、第一澄清池及第二澄清池的底部均为斗状,所述斗状的尖端连通第一排泥管道、第二排泥管道或第三排泥管道。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理装置,其特征在于,所述初沉池内设有浮泥挡板。
  7. 基于权利要求1至6任一项所述的装置进行低污泥产生量的脱硫废水处理方法,包括以下步骤:
    1)脱硫废水进入初沉池,经过物理沉降后,产生初沉清液及初沉污泥,初沉污泥进入石膏脱水机;
    2)初沉清液进入第一絮凝反应池,向池内投加硫酸钠、絮凝剂及助凝剂,通过药剂作用析出初沉清液中过饱和的硫酸钙和亚硫酸钙,同时增加悬浮物沉降性能;获得一次絮凝液;
    3)一次絮凝液进入第一澄清池,在池内实现泥水分离,产生一次澄清液和一次澄清污泥,一次澄清污泥进入石膏脱水机;
    4)一次澄清液进入除重沉淀池组中去除重金属离子并进行二次絮凝处理,得到可排放出水及二次澄清污泥;
    步骤1)及步骤3)中,石膏脱水机产生的过滤液回流到第一絮凝反应池。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中一次澄清液进入除重沉淀池组中去除重金属离子并进行二次絮凝处理包括:
    4-1)一次澄清液进入除重反应池,向池内投加碱性药剂和有机硫,控制池内pH为9~9.5;得到除重清液;
    4-2)除重清液进入第二絮凝反应池,向池内投加絮凝剂和助凝剂,通过絮凝反应,增加除重清液中悬浮物的沉降性能;得到二次絮凝液;
    4-3)二次絮凝液进入第二澄清池,在池内进行泥水分离后,得到二次澄清液并产生含重金属污泥;含重金属污泥脱水后进行后置处理;向二次澄清液加入酸性药剂,将pH调至6~9后排放。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤4-1)中碱性药剂选自石灰乳或氢氧化钠。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中脱硫废水在初沉池中停留时间为40~90min。
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