WO2017144158A1

WO2017144158A1 - Method for handling deck equipment on ships, and winch for deck equipment of ships

Info

Publication number: WO2017144158A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/000175
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nils Scherwinski; Christian Heyden
Original assignee: Tts Marine Gmbh
Priority date: 2016-02-26
Filing date: 2017-02-08
Publication date: 2017-08-31
Also published as: JP7029413B2; DE102016002251A1; KR20180127359A; CN109070976A; CN109070976B; EP3419889B1; JP2019509941A; EP3419889A1; KR102127694B1

Abstract

Anchor winches (10) are used to lower and haul in anchors together with the anchor chains thereof. The anchor winches (10) have a drive, by means of which at least the hauling in of the anchor together with the anchor chain occurs in a motorized manner. Under unfavorable conditions, the power of the drive may be insufficient to haul in the anchor. Then there is the risk that the anchor chain is pulled from the anchor winch (10), which in the worst case leads to the loss of the anchor. The aim of the invention is to avoid the described disadvantages. This aim is achieved by an anchor winch (10), the band brake (15) of which can be manually actuated according to a first actuation mode and, in an emergency, can be automatically actuated by means of a second actuation mode, for example by means of a hydraulic cylinder (28) that can be actuated by a control system. The hydraulic cylinder (28) operates the actuating device (21) of the band brake (15) in an emergency in order to thus virtually initiate an "emergency stop", which eliminates the risk of the anchor chain being unintentionally pulled from the anchor winch (10) under high loads.

Description

Method of handling deck harnesses on ships, and a winch for deck harness of ships

description

The invention relates to a method for handling deck harness on ships according to the preamble of claim 1 and a winch for deck harness according to the preamble of claim 5. The deck harness of ships include anchor including anchor chain, hawsers such as tow hawses, and mooring lines. Especially with large seagoing ships such as cargo ships, ferries and cruise ships, anchors and their anchor chains and hawsers and mooring with winches are at least high or densely fetched and preferably also gefiert. For anchor chains, anchor winches with a so-called chain nut are used for positive engagement in some chain links of the anchor chain. In hawsers and mooring winches are used. These have a drum with an inwardly curved lateral surface, around which the hawsers or mooring are laid around several times to bring about a corresponding frictional and frictional connection between the winch drum and the hawser or mooring when sealing the same.

After anchoring, the chain nut of the windlass is locked positively and non-positively by a brake, usually a band brake operated by hand after a first type of actuation. The same applies to winches where, after the hauling of the hawser or the mooring rope, the winch drum is locked positively and non-positively by a hand-operated brake.

Especially when catching up the anchor with its anchor chain by a motor drive of the chain nut of the windlass, it may happen that the drive can not muster the necessary force, for example when the Anchor hooked in stony ground or by strong wind and swell the ship exerts great forces on the anchor chain. There is then the risk of unintentional withdrawal of the anchor chain by a success of the anchor chain turning back the drive. This can go so far that the ship-side connection of the end of the anchor chain breaks and the anchor chain with the anchor is lost. The same can occur when sealing fetching mooring and hawsers.

The invention has for its object to form a method and a winch of the type mentioned in that at an overload of the drive when raising the anchor or sealing the mooring or hawser unintentional removal of the anchor chain, the hawser or mooring is reliably prevented , A method for achieving this object comprises the measures of claim 1. According to this method, when exceeding a certain load of the winch and / or the drive of the same, it is provided to pull the brake according to a second type of actuation. This second type of actuation ensures rapid and safe application of the brake in the event of overload, without the need to manually tighten the brake according to the first type of actuation. The brake can thus be tightened sufficiently firm according to the second type of actuation regardless of the first type of actuation, and in the shortest possible time. Thus, the unintentional removal of the anchor chain, the hawser or the mooring of the winch is safely avoided in good time. The second type of actuation virtually leads to an emergency stop of the drive and / or emergency braking of the winch or constitutes an emergency stop of the drive and / or an emergency braking of the winch. The second type of actuation can temporarily temporarily block the winch frictionally and / or non-positively. Preferably, the load of the drive of the winch when catching up the anchor or when sealing a hawser or a mooring device is measured, preferably continuously or at certain time intervals successively. Alternatively, the load of the anchor chain, the hawser or mooring can be measured. When a predetermined load is exceeded, the brake is then attracted to the second type of actuation and preferably the drive stopped. By a preferably continuous or successive time intervals measurement of the load overloading the drive or even due to a large load declining movement of the drive, the brake after the second actuation preferably automatically tightened or tightened so that it is not even to overload the drive and a possible possible impairment of the same can come, but above all the risk of unwanted withdrawal of the anchor chain, the hawser or the mooring of the winch is avoided with certainty.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the method acting on the winch, the drive, the anchor chain, the hawser and / or the mooring load with the brake applied, preferably after the second actuation type attracted brake determined and falls below a predetermined load, the brake after the second actuation solved again and the drive of the winch started again. As a result, when the brake is applied in an overload condition, it is canceled again after the second type of actuation, as it were, when the load drops again due to the preferably continuous or periodic load measurement becomes. The inventive method thus makes it possible to take the winch back into operation immediately when the load, for example, of the armature and its anchor chain has decreased again and thus the power of the drive of the winch is sufficient, the anchor with the anchor chain, the hawser or the Mooring again or further to catch or tighten.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided that in the second actuation the brake is operated by a motor or hydraulically. As a result, the tightening and releasing of the brake can take place automatically, in contrast to the first type of actuation according to the second type of actuation. Such a motor or hydraulic drive is particularly suitable for load-dependent control or regulation of the winds.

A winch for solving the above-mentioned problem has the features of claim 5. With this winch, it is provided the brake, in particular, to actuate its actuating device, if necessary, according to a second type of actuation. This second type of actuation makes it possible to actuate the braking device in another way, in particular to perform a kind of "emergency braking".

Preferably, the second type of actuation of the first type of actuation, which preferably takes place manually, superimposed and / or decoupled from the first type of actuation. As a result, additional types of actuation are created. Preferably, both types of actuation are independently feasible. As a result, the types of operation are not linked. In particular, the second type of actuation can take place without first having to undo the first type of actuation or vice versa.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable to first set the brake after the first type of actuation and, if necessary, to adjust the brake according to the second type of actuation and / or readjust, preferably to attract more strongly. This may possibly go so far after the second type of actuation that the brake virtually blocks the winch or winch, in particular frictionally and / or non-positively. As a result, unintentional removal of the anchor chain or the hawser or mooring is reliably avoided.

It is preferably provided to provide the brake for carrying out the second type of actuation with a motor or hydraulic drive. If the first type of actuation is preferably carried out manually, the brake can be actuated automatically and optionally remotely controlled after the second actuation mode. As a result, the brake can be adjusted automatically according to the second type of actuation, in particular be further tightened according to the needs.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided to associate the actuator of the brake with a pivotable about a fixed pivot axis double-armed lever. A first, shorter lever arm of the double-armed lever is optionally connected to a coupling arm arranged on the brake, preferably articulated. At the second, in particular longer lever arm of the double-armed lever, a linear drive is coupled in a preferred embodiment of the brake. The linear drive can be a pressure medium cylinder, preferably a hydraulic cylinder, but also a motor-driven spindle drive or a rack drive. With this linear drive, the second type of actuation is hydraulically or motor feasible.

According to a preferred development possibility of the winch, the actuating device of the brake also has a preferably manually operated spindle with a spindle nut. These serve in particular for carrying out the first type of actuation. Furthermore, it can be provided to associate one end of a guide arm with the linear drive and to pivotally mount the opposite end of the guide arm on the pivot axis of the double-armed lever. In this way, a hand-operated spindle with a spindle nut having commercial actuating device of the brake can be provided with the additional linear drive for the motor or hydraulic taking place second actuation.

Preferably, the linear drive and / or the guide arm are hinged to the spindle nut or to the spindle for the first mode. As a result, in the first actuation mode via the spindle with the aid of the spindle nut, the brake can be manually actuated, for example, and adjusted independently of the spindle by the second motor on the spindle nut supporting the linear drive. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the linear drive is not articulated together with the guide arm on the spindle nut, but the linear drive engages on the spindle nut supporting guide arm.

According to a preferred embodiment of the winch, a measuring device for determining the load of the drive of the winch and / or the tensile load in the anchor chain, the hawser, the mooring device or the like is provided. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring device can also be used to determine a possible slip of the brake. By the at least one in continuous, in particular regularly successive time intervals determined by the respective measuring device measured value can be determined which load is exerted on the winch, in particular by the anchor chain, the mooring line and / or the hawser. If this load exceeds a certain value, in particular to avoid an overload of the drive of the winch, the brake according to the second mode according to the additional linear drive can be tightened, if necessary so far that the brake is frictionally and / or non-positively quasi blocked , This avoids unintentional pulling off of the anchor chain, the hawser or the mooring device from the winch. The measuring device can also serve to determine a decreasing load, which allows a further catching up of the anchor chain or tightening the mooring line or the hawser by the drive is set in motion again after releasing the brake. As a result, the quasi "emergency braking" of the winch is immediately reversed automatically in case of overload, as soon as the overload has been eliminated or decayed.

According to another conceivable embodiment of the winch, a control is provided which actuates the linear drive in response to at least one measured value recorded by the measuring device, in particular such that it automatically adjusts the braking force of the brake as a function of the reaction to the measured values determined by the control changed.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this show:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a trained as windlass

winds

2 is a side view of the winch of FIG. 1 with the brake released,

Fig. 3 is a side view of the winch of FIG. 1 at maximum attracted

Brake,

4 shows a part of an actuating device of the brake in a position of Fig. 2, 5 shows a side view of the part of the actuating device shown in FIG. 4 in a position according to FIG. 3, FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a part of that shown in FIG. 4

Actuation device according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 7 is a part of the actuating device shown in FIG. 6 in a

Representation analogous to FIG. 5.

The figures show a trained as windlass 10 winds. At least one such windlass is usually arranged on the deck of larger commercial ships, in particular seagoing ships such as container ships, general cargo, tankers, ferries, cruise ships, tugs or the like. The windlass 10 is used for lowering and catching up an anchor with its anchor chain. The anchor and the anchor chain are not shown in the figures. The anchor chain is in the field of windlass 10 around a part, for example one to two thirds, a sprocket 1 of the windlass 10 wrapped around. The chain link receptacles 12 are arranged in the circumference of the lateral surface of the sprocket 11 and thus serve for the positive connection and entrainment of the anchor chain by the rotationally driven sprocket 11.

The sprocket 1 is rotatably driven about a extending through its longitudinal central axis drive shaft 13 at opposite bearings on a bearing block 14 of the windlass 10. The bearing block 14 is fixedly mounted on the deck of the ship in question. The drive shaft 13 is coupled to an electric or hydraulic drive, not shown in the figures.

The windlass 10 also has a braking device with a brake which is formed in the embodiment shown as a band brake 15. The Fire brake 15 is arranged on one side next to the sprocket 11. In the illustrated embodiment, a brake drum 16 with a cylindrical braking surface 17 next to the sprocket 1 rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 13 for this purpose. A large part of the cylindrical braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16 is looped around by an at least partially elastic brake band 8. By moving together opposite ends 19, 20 of the brake band 18, it is pressed against the braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16 and thereby the fire brake 15 is tightened (Fig. 2). There is an end to it

19 of the brake band 18 fixedly connected to the bearing block 14 of the windlass 10, while the opposite end 20 of the brake band 18 is movable.

The braking device of the windlass 10 further has an actuating means which engages the movable end 20 of the brake band 18 and serves to release and on-demand tightening of the band brake 15. To tighten the band brake 15 pulls the actuating means at the movable end

20 of the brake band 18. To release the fire brake 15, the actuator leaves the movable end 20 of the brake band 18 completely or partially going on.

2 to 4, a first embodiment of the actuating means of the band brake, namely an actuator 21, is shown. This actuating device 21 has a coupling arm 22 hingedly connected to the movable end 20 of the brake band 18, for example two elongated flaps adjacent to each other with a small parallel distance, a double-armed lever 23 and a guide arm 24 likewise formed of two elongated flaps lying parallel next to one another at a small distance. Furthermore, the actuator 21 has a rotatable from a handwheel 25 at the upper end 39 elongated threaded spindle 26 with a mounted thereon spindle nut 27 for bringing about a first type of actuation and designed as a hydraulic cylinder 26 pressure medium cylinder for bringing about a second type of actuation.

The double-armed lever 23 is connected between a short lever arm 30 and a long lever arm 31 about a fixedly mounted on the bearing block 4 pivot axis 32nd pivotable. A free end 33 of the short lever arm 30 of the double-armed lever 23 is pivotally connected to the movable end 20 of the brake band 18 opposite end of the coupling arm 22. An opposite end 34 of the long lever arm 31 of the double-armed lever 23 is pivotally connected to a piston rod end 35 of the hydraulic cylinder 28. An opposite, cylinder-side end 36 of the hydraulic cylinder 28 is articulated or rotatably attached to the spindle nut 27 in the embodiment of FIGS. The guide arm 24 is rotatably mounted with one end 37 on the fixed pivot axis 32 and the opposite end 38 rotatably or pivotally connected to the spindle nut 27.

The connected to the handwheel 25 upper end 39 of the threaded spindle 26 is pivotable about a transverse axis, but otherwise fixed to a support arm 40 of the bearing block 14 of the windlass 10 is attached. As a result, the spindle nut 27 moves in the one or the other direction along the longitudinal axis of the threaded spindle 26, so according to the illustrations in FIGS. downward. In this case, the distance between the spindle nut 27 is kept constant from the guide arm 24 to the pivot axis 32 so that due to the pivotable at the upper end 39 about a transverse axis fixed mounting of the threaded spindle 26 on the bearing block 14, the longitudinal axis of the threaded spindle 26 supported against lateral pivoting. In this way, the unactuated hydraulic cylinder 28 acts as a coupling member between the spindle nut 27 and the end 34 of the long lever arm 31 of the double-armed lever 23, so that when moved away from the upper end 39 of the threaded spindle 26 spindle nut 27 from itself at the same supporting hydraulic cylinder 28 of the double-armed lever 23 is pivoted about the fixed pivot axis 32 counterclockwise, whereby the end 33 of the short arm 30 of the double-armed lever 23, the movable end 20 is pulled to the fixed end 19 of the brake band 18 and thereby tightening the band brake 15 by pressing and nestling of the brake band 18 is brought to the braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16 (Fig. 3). 6 and 7 show an alternative embodiment of an actuator 41 for tightening and loosening the band brake 15 of the windlass 10. In principle, this actuator 41 corresponds to the actuator 21, so the same reference numerals are used for the same parts.

The only difference of the actuator 41 to the actuator 21 is that the cylinder-side end 36 of the hydraulic cylinder 28 is not hinged to the spindle nut 27, but on the guide arm 24, adjacent to the end 38 of the guide arm 24, whereby this hinged to the spindle nut 27 is. For this purpose, the guide arm 24 has in the vicinity of its hinged to the spindle nut 27 end 38 via a parallel to the pivot axis 32 extending axis of rotation 42. On this axis of rotation 42, the cylinder-side end 36 of the hydraulic cylinder 28 is pivotally mounted. Since the axis of rotation 42 is off-center between the ends 37, 38 of the guide arm 24, the force introduction from the hydraulic cylinder 28, in contrast to the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 5 does not take place directly in the spindle nut 27, but in the vicinity of the spindle nut 27 in the guide arm 24. In addition, thereby the ends 37 and 38 of the hydraulic cylinder 28 in the retracted state of the same closer together than in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 5. Otherwise, the operation and function of the hydraulic cylinder 28 in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7 identical or at least comparable with the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 5.

The windlass 10 has a measuring device, not shown in the figures, for measuring its load. The load can be measured by the power consumption of the electromotive or hydraulic drive of the sprocket 1. The measurement can also be done by determining the voltage in the drive shaft of the motor or the drive shaft 13 of the sprocket 11, for example via strain gauges. Alternatively or additionally, the measurement or load can also be done by determining the tension in the anchor chain. For this purpose, for example, at least one chain link of the anchor chain a tension measuring device, for example on the basis of at least one strain gauge, be assigned. The tension or load values thus determined by the anchor chain are then preferably transmitted telemetrically to a controller of the windlass 10. The Measurement of the load, be it on the drive, the drive shaft 13 and / or the anchor chain is preferably carried out continuously by successive measurements, in particular at regular time intervals, successive measurements. The measured load or the measured values can be input into a control for the hydraulic cylinder 28, which is then actuated load-dependent, in particular for tightening and / or releasing the band brake 15 on demand.

The windlass 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 may have an additional winch, not shown, with a winch drum for mooring or other hawser, such as towing lugs. The winch is connected via a clutch and / or a gear with the drive of the sprocket 11 of the windlass 10. The transmission is preferably designed so that either the sprocket 1 1 driven by the drive is driven in rotation or the winch drum of the winch. The winch or winch drum is preferably assigned a separate braking device with its own actuating device. In this way, with the single drive of the windlass 10 either the chain 11 for fishing or fetching or catching up the anchor can be operated or the winch for sealing or fetching a mooring or a towline.

The invention is also suitable for windlasses and / or winches, which instead of a band brake 15 have a different brake or braking device, such as a drum, disc or shoe brake.

In the following, the inventive method in connection with the windlass 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 according to the first embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail: By manual actuation of the threaded spindle 26 on the handwheel 25, the brake band 18 is tightened so far that when anchoring the Anchor chain with the anchor gradually gefierte, that is lowered, is. In this case, the brake band 18 still allows a slip on the braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16. As soon as the armature has been drained adequately and thus the anchoring process is completed, the band brake 15 is tightened more strongly via the handwheel 25, so that the armature is held over its anchor chain and the windlass 10. This is done by a force and frictional engagement between the brake band 18 and the brake drum 16 of the band brake 15 and a positive connection between some links of the anchor chain and the sprocket 11 of the windlass 0th

In the foregoing, the operation of the windlass 10 has been described after a first type of actuation. In the illustrated embodiment, this first actuation is done manually by means of the handwheel 25 rotatably driven threaded spindle 26 and the involvement of the actuator 21st

If now the armature with the anchor chain is to be brought up again, the windlass 10 is driven by a not shown hydraulic or electric motor drive in a corresponding direction of rotation. Before the fire brake 15 is completely or at least partially solved. This can be done manually by turning the threaded spindle 26 from the handwheel 25 after the first type of actuation. When catching up the anchor, situations may occur in which the force or power of the drive is insufficient to lift the armature or to lift it up further. For example, this can happen if the anchor in the ground, preferably stony ground, hooked and / or strong wind and associated strong swell exert such a high force on the ship that the anchor chain is exposed to excessive tensile load.

If, by way of example, but not exhaustively described, the drive of the windlass 10 is not able to catch up with the anchor at all, there is a risk that the high tension of the anchor chain will reverse the drive and cause it to pull away instead of lifting the anchor the anchor chain comes from the windlass 10. Then the drive of the windlass 10 stops no longer the anchor chain; the opposite occurs by the armature winch 10 is withdrawn from the windlass 10 under rotating entrainment of the sprocket 11 and the drive shaft 13 with the brake drum 16. From this the danger of the loss of the anchor with the Anchor chain result. To counteract this, the method provides a second type of actuation of the windlass 10, in particular the actuator 21 of the band brake 15 of the windlass 10, before. The second type of actuation of the actuator 21 is effected by a drive, in the embodiment shown, the actuator 21 of the brake band 18 associated hydraulic cylinder 28. This can automatically tighten without manual intervention, the fire brake 15, to the extent that unintentional withdrawal of the anchor chain from the windlass 10 even under the most unfavorable conditions can no longer be done. The second type of actuation, which takes place in the embodiment shown by the hydraulic cylinder 28 or a similar linear drive, so represents an emergency stop and / or emergency braking. The hydraulic cylinder 28 attracts by means of the actuator 21, the brake band 18 in that it by extending (see. Figs. 2 and 3) the double-armed lever 23 of the actuator 21 is pivoted counterclockwise about the pivot axis 32, whereby the short arm 30 of the double-armed lever 23 of the coupling arm 22 is pulled approximately in the direction of the handwheel 25. In this case, the movable end 20 of the brake band 18 is moved closer to the fixed end 19 of the brake band 18 and thereby wrapped around the brake band 18 with greater tension around the braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16. In other words, the brake band 18 thereby adapts more firmly to the cylindrical braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16. In this way, the band brake 15 may optionally be so much tightened by the hydraulic cylinder 28 after the second type of actuation of the windlass 10 that the band brake 15 fixes the drive shaft 3 with the chain nut 11 held thereon so that it can not be rotated, by friction and friction / or adhesion between the correspondingly strongly tightened brake band 18 and the braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16. As a result, a slip between the braking surface 17 and the brake band 18 is no longer possible even under the most unfavorable conditions.

Preferably, the control or regulation of the second actuation inducing hydraulic cylinder 28 is load-dependent. These are the drive of the Windlass 10, the sprocket 1 1 and / or its drive shaft 13 associated with at least one load sensor or force sensor. It measures continuously, either permanently or at regular intervals, the power or force applied or exerted by the drive when the anchor is being raised or tightened. Alternatively or additionally, however, the load which acts on the windlass 10 can also be measured differently, for example by strain gauges provided on the drive shaft 13 with the chain sprocket 11, the drive train of the drive shaft 3 and / or in or on the anchor chain. Also conceivable are a plurality of redundant transducers at the same or at different points of the windlass 10 and / or the anchor chain.

If the at least one power, force or load transducer detects that a certain limit load or limit force is exceeded, the controller can stop the drive of the windlass 10 before it is damaged or even turned back and at the same time or with some time offset before or Subsequently, according to the second mode of actuation by the hydraulic cylinder 28, the brake band 18 is tightened in the manner of an "emergency brake" that the load acting on the windlass 10 under any circumstances deducts the anchor chain from the windlass 10 by the sprocket 11 of the load of the armature and the anchor chain against the direction in which the drive is turned the chain sprocket 11 for raising the armature with the anchor chain, while the anchor chain from the windlass 10 is withdrawn. The load or force measuring device may also serve to continue to measure after the taking place according to the second type of actuation "emergency braking" of the windlass 10 against unintentional withdrawal of the anchor chain on the windlass 10 and / or anchor chain force or load in the case of abating or Decreasing the overload and falling below the limit value of the load of the drive of the windlass 10 from the hydraulic cylinder 28 after the second actuation the band brake 15 is released again and the drive is set in motion again to the armature with the anchor chain with decreasing load of the windlass 10 dichtzuholen. The inventive method runs with the alternatively formed actuator 41 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 as well as described above. The invention is suitable not only for the windlass 10 described above, but also for winches for Dichtholen and controlled Fieren of hawsers, such as towing hawsers and / or mooring. Likewise, the inventive method with winches is feasible. Such a winch may be associated with the windlass 10 shown, so that it is switchable from anchor operation to winch operation and thus either suitable for draining or Dichtholen an anchor with an anchor chain, but also suitable for sealing or Fieren of hawsers and mooring. Likewise, the invention is also suitable for winches, which are not optionally used as windlass 10. Then, in principle, the sprocket 11 of the windlass 10 shown in the figures is replaced by a winch drum.

*****

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 windlass 42 rotation axis

1 1 chain nut

12 chain link receptacle

13 drive shaft

14 bearing block

15 band brake

16 brake drum

17 braking surface

18 brake band

19 end (fixed)

20 end (movable)

21 actuator

22 coupling arm

23 double-armed lever

24 guide arm

25 handwheel

26 threaded spindle

27 spindle nut

28 hydraulic cylinders

29 bearings

30 short lever arm

31 long lever arm

32 pivot axis

33 end

34 end

35 rod end

36 cylinder-side end

37 end

38 end

39 upper end

40 holding arm

41 actuating device

Claims

claims

A method for handling deck harness on ships with a winch for finning and sealing a anchor chain with an anchor, a hawser or a towline, wherein released by releasing a brake of the winch, the anchor chain with the anchor or the hawser or mooring and at enough gefered anchor chain, hawser or mooring the brake is tightened according to a first actuator, and wherein the anchor chain with the anchor, the hawser or the mooring with the brake is brought close by a drive of the winch, characterized in that when exceeding a certain load of Drive the winch the brake is tightened after a second actuation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the load of the drive of the winch when sealing the anchor chain, the hawser or the mooring device is measured, preferably continuously, and when a predetermined load is exceeded, the brake attracted to the second type of actuation or more attracted is and / or the drive is stopped.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the force acting on the anchor chain, the hawser and / or the mooring force is determined at least when the brake is applied, preferably continuously, and falls below a predetermined maximum load of the drive of the winch brake after the second actuation dissolved again and the winch is driven again.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second type of actuation is effected by a drive of an actuating device (21) of the brake, preferably by a motor or hydraulic operation of the actuating device (21).

5. winch for deck harness of ships, in particular with a drive drivable rotating by driving means for example, an anchor chain, a mooring line or a hawser and at least one brake associated with the entrainment with an operable at least a first actuation type actuator (21), characterized in that the actuating device (21) is required, actu bar of a second type of actuation.

6. Winch according to claim 5, characterized in that both types of actuation are independent of each other feasible and / or the second type of actuation of the first type of actuation is superimposed.

7. Winch according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the actuating device of the brake is first adjustable according to the first type of actuation and if necessary after the second actuation type retractable and / or adjustable.

8. Winch according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the actuating device (21) for the second type of actuation comprises a motor and / or hydraulic drive.

9. Winch according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the actuating device (21) of the brake to a stationary pivot axis (32) pivotable double-armed lever (23) whose first, preferably shorter, lever arm (30) articulated with a coupled to the brake coupling arm (22) is connected and the second, preferably longer lever arm (31) is coupled to a linear drive for the second type of actuation.

10. Winch according to claim 9, characterized in that the actuating device (21) of the brake preferably a manually operable threaded spindle (26) having a spindle nut (27), wherein on the spindle nut (27) of the linear drive and / or an end (38) a guide arm (24) are articulated, and an opposite end (37) of the guide arm (24) on the pivot axis (32) of the double-armed lever (23) is mounted.

11. A winch according to claim 10, characterized in that the guide arm (24) and / or the linear drive to the spindle nut (25) are articulated.

12. Winch according to claim 10, characterized in that the linear drive is articulated on the guide arm (24).

13. A winch according to any one of claims 5 to 12, characterized by a measuring device for determining the load of the drive to Dichtholen or Fieren the anchor chain, the mooring or the hawser and / or to determine a possible slip of the brake.

14. A winch according to any one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that a control is provided which actuates the linear drive for corresponding change, at least magnification, the braking force of the brake in response to at least one measured value recorded by the measuring device.

15. Winch according to one of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the linear drive for bringing about the second type of actuation of the brake, in particular its actuating device (21), at least one pressure medium cylinder, for example a hydraulic cylinder (28), and / or a motor-operated Spindle drive has.