CN109070976B

CN109070976B - Method for operating deck equipment on a ship and winch for deck equipment of a ship

Info

Publication number: CN109070976B
Application number: CN201780024253.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: N·舍温斯基; C·海登
Original assignee: TTS Marine GmbH
Current assignee: Mcgregor Germany Ltd & Co ltd
Priority date: 2016-02-26
Filing date: 2017-02-08
Publication date: 2020-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-08
Also published as: DE102016002251A1; KR102127694B1; JP7029413B2; KR20180127359A; JP2019509941A; CN109070976A; WO2017144158A1; EP3419889B1; EP3419889A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchor winch (10) for paying out and winching an anchor and its chain. The anchor winch (10) has a drive, whereby at least the anchor and the anchor chain are winched electrically. In unfavorable cases it may happen that the drive is not powerful enough to winch the anchor. There is then a risk of pulling the anchor chain out of the anchor winch (10), which in the worst case leads to the anchor being lost. In order to avoid said disadvantages, the invention proposes an anchor winch (10) whose band brake (15) can be actuated manually in a first actuation mode and, in an emergency, can be actuated automatically in a second actuation mode, for example by a hydraulic cylinder (28) actuated by a control device. In an emergency situation, the hydraulic cylinder (28) pulls on the operating device (21) of the band brake (15) to introduce a similar "emergency stop", which overcomes the risk of inadvertently pulling out the anchor chain from the anchor winch (10) at high loads.

Description

Method for operating deck equipment on a ship and winch for deck equipment of a ship

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method for operating deck equipment on a vessel, and to a winch for deck equipment.

Background

The deck equipment of the vessel comprises inter alia anchors together with anchor chains, cables, e.g. towing cables, and securing lines. In particular in large marine vessels, such as container ships, ferries and cruise ships, the anchor and its chain as well as the cable and the securing line are at least winched or winched up and preferably also paid out by means of a winch. For anchor chains, anchor winches with so-called sprockets are used, which are used for positive engagement into several chain links of the anchor chain. For the cables and the fixed ropes, winches are used. The winch has a drum with an inwardly curved circumferential surface around which the cable or the securing rope is wound several times for causing a corresponding frictional and force-locking between the winch drum and the cable or the securing rope when the cable or the securing rope is reeled in.

After the anchoring, the chain wheel of the anchor winch is positively and non-positively latched by a brake (usually a band brake which is manually actuated according to a first actuation mode). The same applies to the winch, in which case the winch drum is positively and non-positively locked by the manually operated brake after the cable or the fixing rope has been wound.

In particular when the anchor and its anchor chain are hoisted by means of an electric drive of the chain wheel of the anchor winch, it may happen that the drive cannot exert the required force, for example when the anchor is hooked into a rocky ground or when the ship exerts a great force on the anchor chain due to strong winds and currents. There is then a risk of the anchor chain being unintentionally pulled out by the drive reversing caused by the anchor chain. This in turn causes the anchor chain end connection on the side of the vessel to break and the anchor chain to be lost with the anchor. The same may occur when the securing rope and cable are winched.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to design a method and a winch of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that, when the drive device is overloaded during the winching of the anchor or the tightening of the securing rope or cable, unintentional pulling out of the anchor chain, cable or securing rope is reliably prevented.

The method for achieving this object has the following features: method for operating a deck installation on a vessel, which deck installation has a winch for releasing and winching an anchor chain together with an anchor, a cable or a streamer, wherein the anchor chain together with the anchor or cable or a fixing line is paid out by releasing a brake of the winch and the brake is tightened in a first manoeuvre when the anchor chain, cable or fixing line is sufficiently released, and wherein the anchor chain together with the anchor, cable or fixing line is winched by a drive of the winch when the brake is released. According to the invention, the brake is engaged in a second actuation mode when a certain load of the drive of the winch is exceeded. According to the method, it is provided that the brake is applied in a second actuation mode when a defined load of the winch and/or the drive of the winch is exceeded. The second actuation mode ensures a rapid and reliable application of the brake in the event of an overload, without the brake having to be manually applied for this purpose in the first actuation mode. In this way, the brake can be tightened in the second actuation mode to a sufficient extent independently of the first actuation mode and in the shortest time. Thereby, unintentional pulling out of the anchor chain, cable or securing line from the winch is reliably avoided in time. The second actuation mode brings about, to a certain extent, an emergency stop of the drive and/or an emergency braking of the winch or forms an emergency stop of the drive and/or an emergency braking mechanism of the winch. The second operating mode can temporarily block the winch in a friction-locking and/or force-locking manner.

Preferably, the load of the drive of the winch is measured when raising the anchor or when tightening the cable or the securing rope, to be precise preferably continuously or in succession at certain time intervals. Alternatively, the load of the anchor chain, cable or fixed line may also be measured. When a predetermined load is exceeded, the brake is then applied in a second actuation mode and the drive is preferably stopped. By measuring the load, preferably continuously or at successive time intervals, preferably automatically and permanently tightening or re-tightening the brake in the second operating mode before the drive is overloaded or even reversed due to an excessive load, the overload of the drive and the accompanying possible damage to the drive are not at all possible, but the risk of an undesired pull-out of the anchor chain, cable or fixing rope from the winch is largely reliably avoided.

According to an advantageous development of the method, when the brake is applied, preferably in a second actuation mode, the load acting on the winch, the drive, the chain, the cable and/or the fixing rope is detected, and when the predetermined load is undershot, the brake is released again in the second actuation mode and the drive of the winch is started again. This makes it possible to cancel the brake application, i.e. the "emergency braking", which is carried out in the second actuation mode during an overload, again, as soon as a drop in the load is determined, based on the load measurement, which is preferably carried out continuously or at regular time intervals, to allow the drive to be reactivated. The method according to the invention thus achieves that the winch is immediately again operated when the load of, for example, the anchor and its anchor chain has been reduced again and the power of the drive of the winch is thus sufficient to again or continuously pull back and tighten the anchor and the anchor chain, cable or fixing line.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, provision is made for the brake to be operated electrically or hydraulically in the second actuation mode. In this way, the brake is automatically applied and released in the second actuation mode compared to the first actuation mode. Such an electric or hydraulic drive is also particularly suitable for controlling or regulating the draw-works depending on the load.

The winch for achieving the object mentioned at the beginning has the following features: a winch for deck equipment of a vessel, the winch having: a driving mechanism capable of being rotationally driven by the driving device, the driving mechanism being used for an anchor chain, a fixed rope or a cable; and at least one brake associated with the drive means, which brake has an actuating device that can be actuated in a first actuation mode and, if necessary, in a second actuation mode. According to the invention, the actuating device of the brake has a two-armed lever which can be pivoted about a fixed pivot axis, the first lever arm of which is connected in an articulated manner to a coupling arm which is articulated to the brake, and a linear drive for the second actuation mode is coupled to the second lever arm. In this winch, it is provided that the brake, in particular the actuating device thereof, is actuated as required in a second actuation mode. The second actuation mode makes it possible to actuate the braking device in another way, in particular to perform "emergency braking".

Preferably, the second actuation mode is superimposed on and/or separate from the first actuation mode, which is preferably performed manually. Thereby, an additional mode of operation is achieved. Preferably, the two modes of manipulation can be performed independently of each other. Thus, these manipulation manners are not related to each other. In particular, the second actuation mode can be carried out without having to return or rewind the first actuation mode beforehand.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable to first set the brake in the first operating mode and, if necessary, to adjust and/or readjust the brake in the second operating mode, preferably to tighten the brake more strongly. If necessary, the second actuation can be set in such a way that the brake is almost stuck to the winch or the winch, in particular in a friction-locking and/or force-locking manner. Thereby, unintentional pulling out of the anchor chain or cable or securing line is reliably avoided.

Preferably, the brake is provided with an electric or hydraulic drive for carrying out the second actuation mode. If the first actuation mode is preferably performed manually, the brake can be actuated automatically and, if necessary, remotely in accordance with the second actuation mode. In this way, the brake can be set in a targeted manner automatically in accordance with the second operating mode, in particular, the brake can be pulled again in accordance with the demand.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a double-armed lever that can be pivoted about a fixed pivot axis is assigned to the actuating device of the brake. If necessary, the shorter first lever arm of the two-arm lever is connected, preferably articulated, to a coupling arm arranged on the brake. In a preferred embodiment of the brake, the linear drive is articulated on a second, in particular longer, lever arm of the two-arm lever. The linear drive can be a pressure medium cylinder, preferably a hydraulic cylinder, but the linear drive can also be an electrically driven spindle drive or a rack drive. With such a linear drive, the second actuation mode can be performed hydraulically or electrically.

According to a preferred development of the winch, the actuating device of the brake also has a preferably manually actuated spindle with a spindle nut. The spindle is used in particular for carrying out the first mode of actuation. It can also be provided that one end of the guide arm is assigned to the linear drive, and that the opposite end of the guide arm is pivotably mounted on a pivot shaft of the two-armed lever. In this way, a standard commercially available actuating device of the brake (which has a manually actuated spindle with a spindle nut) can be provided with an additional linear drive for the second actuation mode, either electrically or hydraulically.

Preferably, the linear drive and/or the guide arm is articulated on the spindle nut or on the spindle for the first operating mode. In a first actuation mode, the brake can be actuated by the spindle by means of the spindle nut, for example manually, and, independently of the spindle, the brake can be set in a second actuation mode by a linear drive supported on the spindle nut. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the linear drive is not articulated together with the guide arm on the spindle nut, but that the linear drive acts on the guide arm, which is supported on the spindle nut.

According to a preferred development of the winch, a measuring device is provided for determining the load of the drive of the winch and/or the tensile load in the anchor chain, cable, fixing rope or the like. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring device can also be used to determine possible brake slip. By means of at least one measured value determined by the respective measuring device at successive, in particular evenly successive, time intervals, it can be determined, in particular, what load the anchor chain, the securing line and/or the cable applies to the winch. In order to avoid overloading the drive of the winch, in particular, if the load exceeds a certain value, the brake can be pulled more tightly by the additional linear drive in a second operating mode, to be precise, if necessary, to such an extent that the brake is locked almost frictionally and/or non-positively. Thereby, unintentional pulling out of the anchor chain, cable or securing line from the winch is avoided. The measuring device can also be used to determine a reduction in load which allows the anchor chain to be pulled back further or the fixing rope or cable to be winched by operating the drive device again after releasing the brake. As a result, the "emergency braking" of the winch, which is almost complete in the event of an overload, is automatically withdrawn again as soon as the overload disappears or is reduced.

According to another conceivable embodiment of the winch, a control device is provided which actuates the linear drive as a function of at least one measured value recorded by the measuring device, in particular such that the linear drive automatically changes the braking force of the brake as a function of the response of the control device to the measured value recorded.

Drawings

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:

figure 1 shows a perspective view of a winch configured as an anchor winch,

figure 2 shows a side view of the drawworks of figure 1 when the brake is released,

figure 3 shows a side view of the drawworks of figure 1 at maximum pull-up of the brake,

figure 4 shows a part of the operating device of the brake in the position of figure 2,

figure 5 shows a side view of the part of the actuating device shown in figure 4 in the position according to figure 3,

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a portion of the manipulating device shown in FIG. 4, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, an

Fig. 7 shows the part of the actuating device shown in fig. 6 in a representation similar to fig. 5.

Detailed Description

The drawings show a winch configured as an anchor winch 10. At least one such anchor winch is usually arranged on the deck of a large commercial ship, in particular a marine ship, such as a container ship, a packaged container ship, a cruise ship, a ferry, a cruise ship, a tugboat or the like. The anchor winch 10 is used to pay out and winch the anchor together with its chain. The anchors and anchor chains are not shown in the figures.

In the region of the anchor winch 10, the anchor chain is placed around a portion, for example one third to two thirds, of the chain wheel 11 of the anchor winch 10. A plurality of adjacent chain links of the anchor chain are here located partly in the link receptacles 12 of the sprocket 11. The chain link receptacles 12 are arranged on the circumference of the chain wheel 11 and are thus used for positively coupling the anchor chain and for driving the latter by the rotationally driven chain wheel 11.

The chain wheel 11 is mounted on a bearing bracket 14 of the anchor winch 10 in a rotatably drivable manner on opposite bearings about a drive shaft 13 which extends through the longitudinal center axis of the chain wheel. The bearing bracket 14 is fixedly mounted on the deck of the associated vessel. The drive shaft 13 is coupled to an electric or hydraulic drive, not shown in the figures.

Anchor winch 10 also has a braking device with a brake, which in the illustrated embodiment is embodied as a band brake 15. The band brake 15 is disposed on the side beside the sprocket 11. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a brake drum 16 having a cylindrical braking surface 17 is also fixed on the drive shaft 13, adjacent to the sprocket wheel 11, in a rotationally fixed manner. A large part of the cylindrical braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16 is wound by an at least partly elastic braking band 18. By moving the opposite ends 19, 20 of the brake band 18 together, the brake band is pressed against the braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16 and the band brake 15 is thereby tightened (fig. 2). For this purpose, one end 19 of the brake band 18 is fixedly connected to the bearing bracket 14 of the anchor winch 10, while the opposite end 20 of the brake band 18 is movable.

The brake device of the anchor winch 10 furthermore has an actuating mechanism which acts on the movable end 20 of the brake band 18 and serves to release and, if necessary, to apply the band brake 15. To tighten the band brake 15, the operating mechanism pulls the movable end 20 of the brake band 18. To release the band brake 15, the operating device can completely or partially release the movable end 20 of the brake band 18.

Fig. 2 to 4 show a first exemplary embodiment of an actuating mechanism of a band brake, specifically an actuating device 21. The actuating device 21 has a coupling arm 22, which is connected in an articulated manner to the movable end 20 of the brake band 18, a two-arm lever 23 and a guide arm 24, the coupling arm 22 comprising, for example, two elongate connecting plates arranged parallel next to one another at a small distance, and the guide arm 24 likewise comprising two elongate connecting plates arranged parallel next to one another at a small distance. Furthermore, the actuating device 21 has an elongated spindle 26 for actuating the first actuation mode and a pressure medium cylinder designed as a hydraulic cylinder 26 for actuating the second actuation mode, the spindle 26 being rotatable by means of a hand wheel 25 on the upper end 39 and having a spindle nut 27 mounted on the spindle 26.

The double-arm lever 23 can be pivoted between a short lever arm 30 and a long lever arm 31 about a pivot axis 32, which is fixedly mounted on the bearing bracket 14. The free end 33 of the short lever arm 30 of the two-arm lever 23 is connected in an articulated or rotatable manner to the end of the coupling arm 22 opposite the movable end 20 of the brake band 18. The opposite end 34 of the long lever arm 31 of the two-armed lever 23 is pivotably or hingedly connected to the piston-rod-side end 35 of the hydraulic cylinder 28. In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 1 to 5, the opposite, cylinder-side end 36 of the hydraulic cylinder 28 is articulated or rotatably articulated on the spindle nut 27. The guide arm 24 is rotatably or pivotably mounted with an end 37 on the fixed pivot axis 32 and with an opposite end 38 rotatably or pivotably articulated to the spindle nut 27.

The upper end 39 of the threaded spindle 26, which is connected to the hand wheel 25, can be pivoted about a transversely oriented axis, but is fixed in position in the other direction on a retaining arm 40 of the bearing bracket 14 of the anchor winch 10. Thus, when the spindle 26 is manually rotated on the hand wheel 25, the spindle nut 27 is moved in the direction along the longitudinal axis of the spindle 26 or in other directions depending on the direction of rotation of the hand wheel 25, i.e. upwards or downwards depending on the illustration in fig. 2 and 3. The distance of the spindle nut 27 from the pivot axis 32 is kept constant by the guide arm 24, so that the longitudinal axis of the spindle 26 is supported against lateral pivoting as the spindle 26 is mounted on the bearing bracket 14 so as to be pivotable about a transverse axis at the upper end 39. In this way, the hydraulic cylinder 28, which is not actuated, serves as a coupling element between the spindle nut 27 and the end 34 of the long lever arm 31 of the double-armed lever 23, so that when the spindle nut 27 is moved away from the upper end 39 of the spindle 26, the hydraulic cylinder 28 supported on the spindle nut pivots the double-armed lever 23 counterclockwise about the fixed pivot axis 32, as a result of which the movable end 20 of the brake band 18 is pulled by the end 33 of the short lever arm 30 of the double-armed lever 23 to the fixed end 19 of the brake band 18 and thus the tensioning of the band brake 15 is brought about by the brake band 18 pressing against the brake surface 17 of the brake drum 16 (fig. 3).

Fig. 6 and 7 show an alternative embodiment of an actuating device 41 for tightening and loosening the band brake 15 of the anchor winch 10. In principle, this actuating device 41 corresponds to the actuating device 21, and therefore the same reference numerals are used for identical components.

The only difference between the actuating device 41 and the actuating device 21 is that the cylinder-side end 36 of the hydraulic cylinder 28 is not articulated on the spindle nut 27, but on the guide arm 24, specifically in the vicinity of the end 38 of the guide arm 24, whereby the guide arm is articulated on the spindle nut 27. For this purpose, the guide arm 24 has, near its end 38, which is connected in an articulated manner to the spindle nut 27, a rotational axis 42 which runs parallel to the pivot axis 32. The cylinder-side end 36 of the hydraulic cylinder 28 is pivotably supported on the rotary shaft 42. Since the axis of rotation 42 is located outside the center point between the

ends

37 and 38 of the guide arm 24, in contrast to the embodiment of fig. 2 to 5, the introduction of force from the hydraulic cylinder 28 into the spindle nut 27 does not take place directly, but rather introduces a force into the guide arm 24 in the vicinity of the spindle nut 27. Furthermore, in the retracted position, the ends 37 and 38 of the hydraulic cylinder 28 are thus closer to one another than in the embodiment of fig. 2 to 5. In other respects, the function of the operating principle of the hydraulic cylinder 28 in the embodiment of fig. 6 and 7 is the same as or at least similar to that of the embodiment of fig. 2 to 5.

The anchor winch 10 has a measuring device, not shown in the figures, for measuring its load. The load can be detected by the power consumption of the electric or hydraulic drive of the chain wheel 11. However, the measurement can also be carried out by determining the stress in the drive shaft of the motor or in the drive shaft 13 of the sprocket 11, for example by means of strain gauges. Alternatively or additionally, the load may also be measured by determining the stress in the anchor chain. For this purpose, for example, at least one chain link of the anchor chain can be assigned a stress measuring device based on at least one strain gauge. The tension or load value thus determined from the anchor chain is then preferably telemetrically transmitted to the control device of the anchor winch 10. Preferably, the load is measured continuously by successive measurements, in particular at regular time intervals, at the drive means, the drive shaft 13 and/or the chain. The measured load, or rather the measured value, can be fed into a control device for the hydraulic cylinder 28, which is then actuated as a function of the load, in particular for tightening and/or loosening the band brake 15 as required.

The anchor winch 10 shown in fig. 1 to 3 can have an additional winch, not shown, with a winch drum for securing a rope or other cable, for example a towing cable. The winch is connected to the drive of the chain wheel 11 of the anchor winch 10 via a coupling and/or a transmission. Preferably, the transmission is designed to either rotationally drive the sprocket 11 by the drive means or to rotationally drive the winch drum of the winch. Preferably, the winch, or rather the winch drum, is assigned a separate braking device with its own actuating device. In this way, the chain wheel 11 can be selectively operated by the sole drive of the anchor winch 10 to let out or to wink or to hoist the anchor, or the winch can be operated to wink or to let out the fixed or trailing rope.

The invention is also suitable for anchor winches and/or winches which, instead of the band brake 15, have another brake or braking device, for example a drum brake, a disc brake or a block brake.

The method according to the invention is explained in detail below in connection with the anchor winch 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 1 to 5:

by manually actuating the threaded spindle 26 on the hand wheel 25, the brake band 18 is tensioned to such an extent that the anchor chain and the anchor are gradually released, i.e. lowered, when the anchor is broken. At this point, the brake band 18 is also allowed to slip on the braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16.

Once the anchor is sufficiently paid out and the anchoring process is thus over, the band brake 15 is pulled more strongly by the hand wheel 25, so that the anchor is held by its anchor chain and the anchor winch 10. This is achieved by a force and friction lock between the brake band 18 of the band brake 15 and the brake drum 16 and a form lock between several links of the anchor chain and the sprocket 11 of the anchor winch 10.

The operation of anchor winch 10 in the first mode of operation has been described above. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first actuation mode is effected manually by means of a spindle 26 which is driven in rotation by a hand wheel 25 and in the case of the actuation device 21.

If the anchor and the anchor chain are to be winched again, the anchor winch 10 is now driven in the respective direction of rotation by a hydraulic or electric drive, not shown. The band brake 15 has previously been fully or at least partially released. This can be done manually in a first mode of operation by rotating the threaded spindle 26 by means of the hand wheel 25.

When setting up the anchor, it may happen that the force or power of the drive means is not sufficient to set up or set up the anchor further. It may happen, for example, that the anchor hooks are in the foundation, preferably a rocky foundation, and/or that strong winds and the violent currents associated therewith exert a great force on the vessel, so that the anchor chains are subjected to excessive tensile loads.

If the drive of the anchor winch 10 is completely unable to further winch the anchor due to the above-described, but not absolutely specified, there is the risk that the high stress of the anchor chain reverses the drive and this time leads to the anchor chain being pulled out of the anchor winch 10 instead of winching the anchor. The drive of the anchor winch 10 then no longer holds the anchor chain; conversely, the anchor chain is pulled out of the anchor winch 10 by rotation of the sprocket 11 and the drive shaft 13 together with the brake drum 16. Thereby, a risk of losing anchors and anchor chains may arise. To overcome this risk, the method provides for a second mode of actuation of anchor winch 10, specifically in particular of actuating device 21 of band brake 15 of anchor winch 10.

The second operating mode of the operating device 21 is realized by the drive, specifically the hydraulic cylinder 28 of the operating device 21 associated with the brake band 18 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment. The hydraulic cylinder can automatically further tighten the band brake 15 without manual intervention, to be precise to such an extent that the anchor chain can no longer be pulled out of the anchor winch 10 unintentionally even in the most unfavorable conditions. That is, the second mode of operation, which in the illustrated embodiment is effected by hydraulic cylinder 28 or a similar linear drive, constitutes an emergency stop and/or emergency brake mechanism.

The hydraulic cylinder 28 pulls the brake band 18 with the aid of the actuating device 21 in such a way that, by extending (see fig. 2 and 3), the hydraulic cylinder 28 pivots the two-armed lever 23 of the actuating device 21 counterclockwise about the pivot axis 32, as a result of which the coupling arm 22 is pulled approximately in the direction of the handwheel 25 by the short lever arm 30 of the two-armed lever 23. At this time, movable end 20 of brake band 18 is brought closer to fixed end 19 of brake band 18, and brake band 18 is thereby wound around braking surface 17 of brake drum 16 with greater stress. In other words, the brake band 18 thereby bears more tightly against the cylindrical braking surface 17 of the brake drum 16. In this way, in accordance with a second mode of actuation of anchor winch 10 by hydraulic cylinder 28, hydraulic cylinder 28 (if necessary) tensions band brake 15 very tightly, so that band brake 15 fixes drive shaft 13 with sprocket 11, which is held non-rotatably on the drive shaft, in a manner that is practically non-rotatably, by means of a frictional and/or force-fitting connection between brake band 18, which is tensioned in a correspondingly strong manner, and braking surface 17 of brake drum 16. In this way, under the most unfavorable conditions, no slipping between the braking surface 17 and the braking band 18 is permitted anymore.

Preferably, hydraulic cylinder 28, which causes the second mode of operation, is controlled or adjusted according to the load. For this purpose, at least one load or force sensor is assigned to the drive of the anchor winch 10, the chain wheel 11 and/or its drive shaft 13. The load cell or force sensor measures the power applied by the drive device or the force applied to the drive device during the winching or tightening of the anchor continuously, to be precise either continuously or at regular time intervals. Alternatively or additionally, however, the load acting on the anchor winch 10 can also be measured in other ways, for example by strain gauges which are arranged on the drive shaft 13 with the sprocket wheel 11, on the transmission of the drive shaft 13 and/or in or on the anchor chain. It is also conceivable to provide a plurality of redundant measurement value pickers at the same or different locations of the anchor winch 10 and/or the anchor chain.

If the determined limit load or limit force is exceeded, as determined by the at least one power, force or load harvester, the drive of the anchor winch 10 can be stopped by the control device before the anchor winch is damaged or even reversed, and at the same time or with a slight time difference before or after, the braking band 18 is tensioned by the hydraulic cylinder 28 in the second operating mode in an "emergency braking" manner, so that the load acting on the anchor winch 10 in any case does not pull the anchor chain out of the anchor winch 10, in such a way that the load of the anchor and the anchor chain rotates the sprocket 11 in the opposite direction to the drive which wins the sprocket 11 as an anchor and the anchor chain, and the anchor chain is pulled out of the anchor winch 10 in this way.

The load and force measuring device can also be used to continue measuring the force or load applied to the anchor winch 10 and/or the anchor chain after "emergency braking" of the anchor winch 10 in the second operating mode in order to prevent unintentional pulling out of the anchor chain, in order to release the band brake 15 again by the hydraulic cylinder 28 in the second operating mode and to restart the drive device in order to tighten the anchor and the anchor chain again when the load of the anchor winch 10 decreases, in the event of an overload reduction or drop and below the load limit value of the drive device of the anchor winch 10.

The method according to the invention is also operated as described above with an actuating device 41, which is alternatively constructed according to fig. 6 and 7.

The invention is suitable not only for the anchor winch 10 described above, but also for winches which are winching and controlled paying out of cables, for example hauling cables and/or securing lines. Also, the method according to the invention may be performed by a winch. Such a winch may be assigned to the illustrated anchor winch 10, so that the anchor winch may be switched from anchor operation to winch operation and is thus adapted to be selectively adapted to pay out or tighten the anchor and the anchor chain, but also to tighten or release the cable and the securing rope. Likewise, the present invention is also suitable for use with winches that cannot optionally also be used as anchor winches 10. In principle, the chain wheel 11 of the anchor winch 10 shown in the figures is then replaced by a winch drum.

List of reference numerals

10 anchor winch

11 sprocket wheel

12-link receiving part

13 drive shaft

14 bearing support

15 band brake

16 brake drum

17 braking surface

18 brake band

19 end (fixed)

20 ends (Movable)

21 operating device

22 coupling arm

23 two-arm lever

24 guide arm

25 hand wheel

26 leading screw

27 lead screw nut

28 hydraulic cylinder

29 bearing

30 short lever arm

31 long lever arm

32 oscillating shaft

33 end portion

34 end of the tube

35 piston rod side end

36 cylinder side end

37 end portion

38 end of the pipe

39 upper end portion

40 holding arm

41 operating device

42 rotating shaft

Claims

1. Method for operating a deck installation on a vessel, which deck installation has a winch for releasing and winching an anchor chain together with an anchor, a cable or a streamer, wherein the anchor chain together with the anchor or cable or a fixing line is paid out by releasing the brake of the winch and the brake is tightened in a first operating manner when the anchor chain, cable or fixing line is sufficiently released, and wherein the anchor chain together with the anchor, cable or fixing line is winched by a drive of the winch when the brake is released, characterized in that the brake is tightened in a second operating manner when a determined load of the drive of the winch is exceeded.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the load of the drive of the winch is measured when the anchor chain, cable or fixed line is winched, and that the brake is tightened or more strongly tightened and/or the drive is stopped in the second operating mode when a predetermined load is exceeded.

3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the force acting on the chain, cable and/or fixing line is determined at least when the brake is tightened, and when a predetermined maximum load of the drive of the winch is undershot, the brake is released again and the winch is driven again in the second operating mode.

4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the load of the drive of the draw-works is measured continuously.

5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second operating mode is effected by actuating an operating device (21) of the brake.

6. A winch for deck equipment of a vessel, the winch having: a driving mechanism capable of being rotationally driven by the driving device, the driving mechanism being used for an anchor chain, a fixed rope or a cable; and at least one brake assigned to the drive, which brake has an actuating device (21) that can be actuated in a first actuation mode and, if necessary, in a second actuation mode, characterized in that the actuating device (21) of the brake has a two-armed lever (23) that can be pivoted about a fixed pivot axis (32), the first lever arm (30) of which is connected in an articulated manner to a coupling arm (22) that is articulated to the brake, and in that a linear drive for the second actuation mode is coupled to the second lever arm (31).

7. The winch according to claim 6, wherein both modes of operation can be performed independently of each other and/or the second mode of operation is superimposed on the first mode of operation.

8. The winch according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the actuation device of the brake is first adjustable in accordance with the first actuation mode and, if necessary, can be re-tensioned and/or adjusted in accordance with the second actuation mode.

9. The winch according to claim 6, characterized in that for the second mode of operation, the operating device (21) has an electric and/or hydraulic drive.

10. The winch according to claim 6, characterized in that the brake actuation device (21) has a spindle (26) with a spindle nut (27), wherein one end (38) of the linear drive and/or of the guide arm (24) is articulated on the spindle nut (27), and the opposite end (37) of the guide arm (24) is supported on the pivot axis (32) of the bell-arm lever (23).

11. The winch according to claim 10, characterized in that said guide arm (24) and/or said linear drive are hinged on said lead screw nut (25).

12. The winch according to claim 10, characterized in that said linear drive means are hinged on said guide arm (24).

13. The winch according to claim 6, wherein measuring devices are provided for determining the load of the drive for tightening or releasing the anchor chain, the securing rope or the cable and/or for determining a possible slipping of the brake.

14. The winch according to claim 13, wherein a control device is provided, which actuates the linear drive in accordance with at least one measured value recorded by the measuring device for correspondingly varying, at least increasing, the braking force of the brake.

15. The winch according to claim 6, wherein the linear drive for causing the second mode of actuation of the brake has at least one pressure medium cylinder and/or an electrically operated spindle drive.