WO2017131376A1 - 공중합체 및 이를 포함하는 유기 태양 전지 - Google Patents
공중합체 및 이를 포함하는 유기 태양 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017131376A1 WO2017131376A1 PCT/KR2017/000523 KR2017000523W WO2017131376A1 WO 2017131376 A1 WO2017131376 A1 WO 2017131376A1 KR 2017000523 W KR2017000523 W KR 2017000523W WO 2017131376 A1 WO2017131376 A1 WO 2017131376A1
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- solar cell
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- organic solar
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Definitions
- the present specification relates to a copolymer and an organic solar cell including the same.
- Organic solar cells are devices that can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy by applying the photovoltaic effect.
- Solar cells can be divided into inorganic solar cells and organic solar cells according to the material constituting the thin film.
- Typical solar cells are made of p-n junctions by doping crystalline silicon (Si), an inorganic semiconductor. Electrons and holes generated by absorbing light diffuse to the p-n junction and are accelerated by the electric field to move to the electrode.
- the power conversion efficiency of this process is defined as the ratio of the power given to the external circuit and the solar power entered into the solar cell, and is currently achieved by 24% when measured under standardized virtual solar irradiation conditions.
- organic semiconductor solar cell which is easy to process, cheap and has various functions, has been spotlighted as a long-term alternative energy source.
- An object of the present specification is to provide a copolymer and an organic solar cell including the same.
- R1 to R10 and A1 to A8 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently hydrogen; heavy hydrogen; Halogen group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; A substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted ester group; Substituted or unsubstituted amine group; Substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroring group.
- the present specification is a first electrode; A second electrode provided to face the first electrode; And one or more organic material layers provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a photoactive layer, wherein one or more layers of the organic material layers include the aforementioned copolymer.
- the present specification comprises the steps of preparing a substrate; Forming a first electrode in one region of the substrate; Forming an organic material layer including a photoactive layer on the first electrode; And forming a second electrode in the organic material layer, wherein the photoactive layer includes the copolymer described above.
- copolymer according to one embodiment of the present specification has regio-selective in which fluorine of the first unit represented by Formula 1 is substituted at a predetermined position.
- Copolymers having regioselectivity according to one embodiment of the present specification are relatively excellent in crystallinity and can improve packing characteristics.
- the copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification includes a first unit represented by Formula 1 in which a position to be connected is selected, and a position regularity in which a position to be connected in a copolymer of two units is selected. -regular). Copolymers having regioregularity according to one embodiment of the present specification are relatively excellent in crystallinity.
- copolymer according to the exemplary embodiment of the present specification may be processed in a non-halogen solvent to prepare an environmentally friendly organic solar cell.
- the copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification may be used as an organic material layer of the organic solar cell, and the organic solar cell including the same may exhibit excellent characteristics such as an increase in open voltage and a short circuit current and / or an increase in efficiency.
- the copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification may be used alone or in a mixture with other materials in an organic solar cell, and the life of the device may be expected to be improved due to characteristics such as efficiency improvement and thermal stability of the compound. .
- FIG. 1 to 3 are views illustrating an organic solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra after heat treatment at 110 ° C. in a solution state, a film state, and a film state dissolved in chlorobenzene of Copolymer 1.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra after heat treatment at 110 ° C. in a solution state, a film state, and a film state dissolved in chlorobenzene of Copolymer 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an electrochemical measurement result (cyclic voltametry) of copolymer 1.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra at room temperature, 80 ° C. and 100 ° C. in copolymer 2 dissolved in chlorobenzene.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra after heat treatment at 110 ° C. in a solution state, a film state, and a film state dissolved in chlorobenzene of copolymer 2.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra after heat treatment at 110 ° C. in a solution state, a film state, and a film state dissolved in chlorobenzene of copolymer 2.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an electrochemical measurement result (cyclic voltametry) of copolymer 2.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing current densities according to voltages of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-4.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 2 and 3.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 2 and 3.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 4 and 5.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 4 and 5.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of an organic solar cell according to Experimental Example 6-1.
- 'unit' is a repeating structure included in the monomer of the copolymer, and means a structure in which the monomer is bonded in the copolymer by polymerization.
- the copolymer according to the exemplary embodiment of the present specification includes a first unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second unit represented by Chemical Formula 2.
- the first unit and the second unit are optionally provided such that the S atoms of the thienothiophene group are disposed close to each other.
- the first unit represented by Formula 1 and the second unit represented by Formula 2 included in the copolymer according to the exemplary embodiment of the present specification have regioregular binding in a predetermined direction in the copolymer.
- Copolymers having regioregularity according to one embodiment of the present specification are relatively excellent in crystallinity.
- regioregularity optionally means maintaining a constant direction in which a structure binds in the copolymer.
- the copolymer according to one embodiment of the present specification includes a structure in which two thiophene groups are condensed, thereby inducing high electron density and / or stabilized the resonance structure in the device.
- the first unit represented by Formula 1 has a thiothiophene on both sides with respect to benzodithiophene, and a position where fluorine is provided at a position relatively far from benzodithiophene Has selectivity. In this case, crystallinity is excellent.
- regioselectivity means that substituents are provided in a predetermined direction in the structure in the copolymer.
- the selectivity of the reaction may be increased to facilitate the preparation of the compound, and the prepared copolymer may have excellent crystallinity, thereby providing an organic solar cell.
- the charge mobility may increase in organic electronic devices such as organic transistors.
- the benzodithiophene of the first unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and the second unit represented by Chemical Formula 2 serve as an electron donor
- the thienocy of the first unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 Offen acts as a relatively electron acceptor so that the copolymer including the first unit and the second unit can expect a push-pull effect.
- a low bandgap is formed, and since the substitution position of fluorine has a certain orientation based on the benzodithiophene of the first unit represented by Formula 1, excellent crystallinity and / or improved charge mobility Has
- Copolymer according to one embodiment of the present specification includes a second unit represented by the formula (2).
- the second unit represented by Chemical Formula 2 includes a thiophene substituted with a sulfide group with a substituent of benzodithiophene.
- Sulfur-introduced sulfide substituents have the properties of pi acceptors, and as a result, have a deep HOMO energy level, compared to other substituents in which sulfur is not introduced, thereby inducing an improved open voltage.
- the copolymer includes a unit represented by Formula 3 below.
- n is an integer from 1 to 10,000
- R1 to R10 and A1 to A8 are the same as defined in the formulas (1) and (2).
- R1 and R10 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted ester group.
- the first unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1-1.
- R2 to R9 are the same as defined in Formula 1,
- R1 'and R10' are the same as or different from each other, and each independently the same as the definition of R2 to R9.
- R1 ' is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- R1 ' is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R1 ' is a substituted or unsubstituted ethylhexyl group.
- R1 ' is an ethylhexyl group.
- R10 ' is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- R10 ' is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R10 ' is a substituted or unsubstituted ethylhexyl group.
- R10 ' is an ethylhexyl group.
- R2 is hydrogen
- R3 is hydrogen
- R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted ethylhexyl group.
- R6 is hydrogen
- R7 is hydrogen
- R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted ethylhexyl group.
- R9 is an ethylhexyl group.
- A1 is hydrogen
- A2 is hydrogen
- A3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- A3 is a substituted or unsubstituted ethylhexyl group.
- A3 is an ethylhexyl group.
- A4 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- A4 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- A4 is a substituted or unsubstituted ethylhexyl group.
- A5 is hydrogen
- A6 is hydrogen
- A7 is hydrogen
- A8 is hydrogen
- the copolymer includes a unit represented by the following Formula 3-1.
- substituted means that a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom of the compound is replaced with another substituent, and the position to be substituted is not limited to a position where the hydrogen atom is substituted, that is, a position where a substituent may be substituted, and two or more. When substituted, two or more substituents may be the same or different from one another.
- examples of the halogen group include fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
- the alkyl group may be substituted with an aryl group or a heteroaryl group to act as an arylalkyl group or heteroarylalkyl group.
- the aryl group, heterocyclic group may be selected from examples of the aryl group, or heterocyclic group described below.
- the alkoxy group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Although carbon number of an alkoxy group is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is C1-C20. Specifically, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, i-propyloxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, neopentyloxy, Isopentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, 3,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 2-ethylbutyloxy, n-octyloxy, n-nonyloxy, n-decyloxy, benzyloxy, p-methylbenzyloxy and the like It may be, but is not limited thereto.
- the alkoxy group may be substituted with an aryl group or a heteroaryl group to act as an aryloxy group or heteroaryloxy group.
- the aryl group, heterocyclic group may be selected from examples of the aryl group, or heterocyclic group described below.
- the alkenyl group may be linear or branched chain, the carbon number is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 40.
- Specific examples include vinyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1- Butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, allyl, 1-phenylvinyl-1-yl, 2-phenylvinyl-1-yl, 2,2-diphenylvinyl-1-yl, 2-phenyl-2- ( Naphthyl-1-yl) vinyl-1-yl, 2,2-bis (diphenyl-1-yl) vinyl-1-yl, stilbenyl group, styrenyl group and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the alkenyl group may be substituted with an aryl group or a heteroaryl group to act as an arylalkenyl or heteroarylalkenyl group.
- the aryl group, heterocyclic group may be selected from examples of the aryl group, or heterocyclic group described below.
- the aryl group is a monocyclic aryl group
- carbon number is not particularly limited, but preferably 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- the monocyclic aryl group may be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a quarterphenyl group, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- Carbon number is not particularly limited when the aryl group is a polycyclic aryl group. It is preferable that it is C10-30.
- the polycyclic aryl group may be a naphthyl group, anthracenyl group, phenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, perylenyl group, chrysenyl group, fluorenyl group, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
- the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and adjacent substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the aryl group may be substituted with an alkyl group to act as an arylalkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be selected from the above examples.
- the general formula of the ester group is or It may be represented as.
- Z is hydrogen; A substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; A substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms; Substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 50 carbon atoms; Substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms; Or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms.
- the heterocyclic group includes one or more atoms other than carbon and heteroatoms, and specifically, the hetero atoms may include one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, Se, and S, and the like.
- carbon number of a heterocyclic group is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is C2-C60.
- the heterocyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and may be aromatic, aliphatic or a condensed ring of aromatic and aliphatic.
- the amine group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 30.
- the amine group may be substituted with the aforementioned alkyl group, aryl group, heterocyclic group, alkenyl group, cycloalkyl group and combinations thereof, and the like, and specific examples of the amine group include methylamine group, dimethylamine group, ethylamine group and diethylamine.
- phenylamine group phenylamine group, naphthylamine group, biphenylamine group, anthracenylamine group, 9-methyl-anthracenylamine group, diphenylamine group, phenylnaphthylamine group, ditolylamine group, phenyltolylamine group And triphenylamine groups, but are not limited thereto.
- the end group of the copolymer is 4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group (4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl).
- the terminal group of the copolymer is a bromo-thiophene group.
- the end group of the copolymer is a bromo-benzene group.
- the end group of the copolymer is a trialkyl (thiophene-2-yl) stannyl group.
- the trialkyl may be trimethyl or tributyl.
- the copolymer has a number average molecular weight of 500 g / mol to 1,000,000 g / mol.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer is preferably 10,000 to 100,000.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer is 30,000 to 100,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 100,000 or less in order to have a certain solubility or higher so that the solution coating method is advantageous.
- the copolymer has a solubility of 10 mg / mL or more with respect to toluene or xylene solvent.
- a non-halinated solvent non-chlorinated solvent
- the first electrode A second electrode provided to face the first electrode; And at least one organic material layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a photoactive layer, wherein at least one of the organic material layers includes the copolymer.
- the organic solar cell according to the exemplary embodiment of the present specification includes a first electrode, a photoactive layer, and a second electrode.
- the organic solar cell may further include a substrate, a hole extraction layer, and / or an electron extraction layer.
- the organic solar cell when the organic solar cell receives photons from an external light source, electrons and holes are generated between the electron donor and the electron acceptor. The generated holes are transported to the anode through the electron donor layer.
- the organic material layer includes a hole transporting layer, a hole injection layer, or a layer for simultaneously transporting holes and hole injection, and the hole transporting layer, the hole injection layer, or a layer for simultaneously transporting holes and hole injection, It includes the copolymer.
- the organic material layer includes an electron injection layer, an electron transporting layer, or a layer for simultaneously injecting and transporting electrons
- the electron injection layer, an electron transporting layer, or a layer for simultaneously injecting and transporting electrons is It includes the copolymer.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an organic solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.
- an anode buffer layer may be further provided between the photoactive layer and the anode.
- the organic active material layer 106 including a fullerene derivative may be further included on the photoactive layer and the cathode buffer layer.
- An organic material layer including the fullerene derivative will be described later.
- an antireflection film 107 may be further included on an opposite surface of the substrate on which the cathode of the substrate is provided.
- the anti-reflection film will be described later.
- the organic solar cell when the organic solar cell receives photons from an external light source, electrons and holes are generated between the electron donor and the electron acceptor. The generated holes are transported to the anode through the electron donor layer.
- the organic solar cell may further include an additional organic material layer.
- the organic solar cell may reduce the number of organic material layers by using an organic material having several functions at the same time.
- the first electrode is an anode
- the second electrode is a cathode
- the first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode.
- the organic solar cell may be arranged in the order of cathode, photoactive layer and anode, and may be arranged in the order of anode, photoactive layer and cathode, but is not limited thereto.
- the organic solar cell may be arranged in order of an anode, a hole transport layer, a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode, or may be arranged in the order of a cathode, an electron transport layer, a photoactive layer, a hole transport layer, and an anode. It is not limited to this.
- the organic solar cell has a normal structure.
- the organic solar cell has an inverted structure.
- the organic solar cell of the inverted structure of the present specification may mean that the anode and the cathode of the organic solar cell of the general structure are configured in the reverse direction.
- Al layer used in the organic solar cell of the general structure is very vulnerable to oxidation reaction in the air, it is difficult to ink, there is a limitation in commercializing it through the printing process.
- the reverse structure of the organic solar cell of the present specification can use Ag instead of Al, it is more stable to the oxidation reaction than the organic solar cell of the general structure, it is easy to manufacture the Ag ink is advantageous for commercialization through the printing process There is this.
- the organic solar cell includes a cathode buffer layer provided between the photoactive layer and the first electrode; And an organic material layer including a fullerene derivative between the photoactive layer and the cathode buffer layer.
- the cathode buffer layer is selected from one or two or more from the group consisting of a conductive oxide and a metal.
- the conductive oxide of the cathode buffer layer may be electron-extracting metal oxides, specifically, titanium oxide (TiO x ); Zinc oxide (ZnO); And cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the metal may include a core shell including metal oxides such as silver nanoparticles (Ag nanoparticles), gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles), Ag-SiO 2 , Ag-TiO 2 , Au-TiO 2, and the like. core shell) material.
- the core shell material includes a metal as a core, and includes metal oxides such as Ag-SiO 2 , Ag-TiO 2 , Au-TiO 2 , as shells.
- the organic solar cell according to the exemplary embodiment of the present specification may include a cathode buffer layer to increase the efficiency of the organic solar cell, and chemically bond with an organic layer including a fullerene derivative to increase the stability of the device, and Maximize your movement.
- the cathode buffer layer may include ZnO.
- the organic material layer including the fullerene derivative may include C 60 .
- the fullerene derivative may be formed by autophase separation of an organic material layer including a photoactive layer material and a fullerene derivative.
- the boundary of two layers formed by the phase separation may be a mixture of two layers of material. In this case, a change in energy level occurs in a cascade form. Therefore, it may be advantageous for charge transport and charge collection.
- the material of the layer containing the fullerene derivative is present on the surface of the photoactive layer, so that the surface energy may change due to the vaccum level shift.
- Phase separation means that two or more materials are separated from each other to form a layer by affinity between two or more materials in a uniform mixing state of two or more materials.
- the material containing the fullerene derivative may be separated by increasing the amount of hydrophilic crown-type substituents to increase hydrophilicity, or may be separated by introducing hydrophobic substituents into the fullerene derivative to increase hydrophobicity.
- the layer including the photoactive layer and the fullerene derivative is provided in contact with each other. What is provided in contact does not limit physical bonding or chemical bonding.
- the layer including the photoactive layer and the fullerene derivative is formed in contact with each other by using self-phase separation of the layer including the photoactive layer and the fullerene derivative.
- the organic solar cell further includes a light enhancement film on a surface opposite to a surface on which the photoactive layer of the first electrode is provided.
- the organic solar cell includes an antireflection film on a surface opposite to a surface on which the photoactive layer of the first electrode is provided, and further includes a substrate between the antireflection film and the first electrode.
- the first electrode may be a cathode or an anode.
- the anti-reflection film may be a film for preventing reflection of incident light.
- the organic solar cell has a tandem structure.
- the photoactive layer may be one layer or two or more layers.
- a buffer layer may be provided between the photoactive layer and the hole extraction layer or between the photoactive layer and the electron extraction layer.
- the photoactive layer includes one or two or more selected from the group consisting of an electron donor and an acceptor, and the electron donor material includes the copolymer.
- the electron acceptor may be selected from the group consisting of fullerenes, fullerene derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube derivatives, vasocuprones, semiconducting elements, semiconducting compounds, and combinations thereof. have.
- fullerene, fullerene derivative (PCBM ((6,6) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid-methylester) or PCBCR ((6,6) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid-cholesteryl ester), perylene ( perylene) PBI (polybenzimidazole), and PTCBI (3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole) is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of.
- PCBM ((6,6) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid-methylester) or PCBCR ((6,6) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid-cholesteryl ester)
- perylene perylene
- PBI polybenzimidazole
- PTCBI 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole
- the electron donor and the electron acceptor constitute a bulk hetero junction (BHJ).
- BHJ bulk hetero junction
- Bulk heterojunction means that the electron donor material and the electron acceptor material are mixed with each other in the photoactive layer.
- the photoactive layer has a bilayer bilayer structure including an n-type organic compound layer and a p-type organic compound layer, and the p-type organic compound layer includes the copolymer.
- the photoactive layer further includes an additive.
- the molecular weight of the additive is 50 g / mol to 300 g / mol.
- the boiling point of the additive is an organic material of 30 °C to 300 °C.
- the organic material means a material containing at least one carbon atom.
- the additive is 1,8-daiodooctane (DIO: 1,8-diiodooctane), 1-chloronaphthalene (1-CN: 1-chloronaphthalene), diphenyl ether (DPE: diphenylether)
- DIO 1,8-daiodooctane
- 1-chloronaphthalene 1-CN: 1-chloronaphthalene
- DPE diphenylether
- One or two kinds of additives may be further included from an additive selected from the group consisting of octane dithiol, para-anisaldehyde, and tetrabromothiophene.
- the interface between electron donors and acceptors is maximized to the maximum, and the continuous passage of electron donors and acceptors is secured through proper phase separation to induce improvement of morphology. Is required.
- an effective phase separation induced by selective solubility of the additives of the polymer and the fullerene derivative and the boiling point difference between the solvent and the additive may be induced.
- the morphology can be fixed by crosslinking the electron acceptor or electron donor to prevent phase separation, and the morphology can be controlled by changing the molecular structure of the electron donor.
- morphology can be improved through post-treatment such as heat treatment at high temperature as well as morphology improvement through stereoregularity control of the electron donor material. This may induce orientation and crystallization of the polymer according to one embodiment of the present specification, and increase the roughness of the photoactive layer, thereby facilitating contact with the electrode, thereby inducing effective transfer of charge.
- the present specification also includes the steps of preparing a substrate; Forming a first electrode in one region of the substrate; Forming an organic material layer including a photoactive layer on the first electrode; And forming a second electrode in the organic material layer, wherein the photoactive layer comprises the copolymer.
- the photoactive layer is formed using a solution containing a non-halogen solvent and the copolymer. Since the copolymer according to the exemplary embodiment of the present specification is dissolved in a non-halogen solvent, it is possible to process in a non-halogen solvent (non-chlorinated solvent) and environmental problems caused by using a halogen solvent in the manufacture of the organic solar cell Can overcome.
- the method may further include attaching the anti-reflection film to an opposite surface on which the first electrode is formed before or after preparing the substrate and forming the first electrode. have.
- the antireflection film is the same as described above.
- the forming of the organic material layer including the photoactive layer includes coating a composition including the photoactive layer material and the organic material including the fullerene derivative.
- the organic material layer including the photoactive layer and the fullerene derivative may be formed simultaneously due to phase separation of the layer material including the photoactive layer material and the fullerene derivative.
- a double layer of an organic material layer including a photoactive layer / fullerene derivative may be formed. Since the organic material layer including the fullerene derivative acts on the organic solar cell as a buffer layer, a double layer of the layer including the photoactive layer and the fullerene derivative may be formed in a single process without a separate process of preparing the buffer layer.
- the substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate having excellent transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and waterproofness, but is not limited thereto, and the substrate may be any substrate that is commonly used in organic solar cells. Specifically, there are glass or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI), and triacetyl cellulose (TAC). It is not limited to this.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PP polypropylene
- PI polyimide
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- the anode electrode may be a transparent and excellent conductive material, but is not limited thereto.
- Metals such as vanadium, chromium, copper, zinc and gold or alloys thereof;
- Metal oxides such as zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO);
- ZnO Al or SnO 2 : Combination of metals and oxides such as Sb;
- Conductive polymers such as poly (3-methylthiophene), poly [3,4- (ethylene-1,2-dioxy) thiophene] (PEDOT), polypyrrole and polyaniline, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the method of forming the anode electrode is not particularly limited, but is applied to one surface of the substrate or coated in a film form using, for example, sputtering, E-beam, thermal deposition, spin coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, doctor blade or gravure printing. It can be formed by.
- the anode electrode When the anode electrode is formed on the substrate, it may be subjected to cleaning, water removal, and hydrophilic modification.
- the patterned ITO substrate is sequentially cleaned with a detergent, acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and then dried in a heating plate for 1 to 30 minutes at 100 to 150 ° C., preferably at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes to remove moisture.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- the surface of the substrate is modified to be hydrophilic.
- the bonding surface potential can be maintained at a level suitable for the surface potential of the photoactive layer.
- Pretreatment techniques for the anode electrode include a) surface oxidation using parallel plate discharge, b) oxidation of the surface through ozone generated using UV ultraviolet light in a vacuum state, and c) oxygen generated by plasma. And oxidation using radicals.
- One of the above methods can be selected depending on the state of the anode electrode or the substrate. In any case, however, it is desirable to prevent oxygen escape from the surface of the anode electrode or the substrate and to minimize the residual of moisture and organic matter in common. At this time, the substantial effect of the pretreatment can be maximized.
- a method of oxidizing a surface through ozone generated using UV may be used.
- the patterned ITO substrate is baked on a hot plate and dried well, then put into a chamber, and a UV lamp is activated to cause oxygen gas to react with UV light.
- the patterned ITO substrate can be cleaned.
- the surface modification method of the patterned ITO substrate in this specification does not need to be specifically limited, Any method may be used as long as it is a method of oxidizing a substrate.
- the cathode electrode may be a metal having a small work function, but is not limited thereto.
- metals such as magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, gadolinium, aluminum, silver, tin and lead or alloys thereof; LiF / Al, LiO 2 / Al, LiF / Fe, Al: Li, Al: BaF 2 , Al: BaF 2
- It may be a material of a multi-layer structure such as, but is not limited thereto.
- the cathode electrode is 5x10 - may be formed is deposited on the internal heat evaporator showing a degree of vacuum of less than 7 torr, not limited to this method.
- the hole extraction layer and / or the electron extraction layer material plays a role of efficiently transferring electrons and holes separated in the photoactive layer to the electrode, and the material is not particularly limited.
- the hole extraction layer material is PEDOT: PSS (Poly (3,4-ethylenediocythiophene) doped with poly (styrenesulfonic acid)), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ); Vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ); Nickel oxide (NiO); Tungsten oxide (WO x ), and the like, but is not limited thereto.
- PSS Poly (3,4-ethylenediocythiophene) doped with poly (styrenesulfonic acid)), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ); Vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ); Nickel oxide (NiO); Tungsten oxide (WO x ), and the like, but is not limited thereto.
- the photoactive layer may be formed by dissolving a photoactive material, such as an electron donor and / or an electron acceptor, in an organic solvent and then spin coating, dip coating, screen printing, spray coating, doctor blade, brush painting, or the like. It is not limited to the method.
- a photoactive material such as an electron donor and / or an electron acceptor
- the precipitated polymer was collected by filtration, and the collected polymer was subjected to suclette extraction in the order of methanol, acetone, hexane and chloroform and chlorobenzene. Concentrated by chloroform and chlorobenzene extraction and poured into methanol to precipitate the polymer. The precipitated polymer was again filtered and dried under vacuum overnight. In each of chloroform and chlorobenzene, the following amounts of gumbora shiny purified polymer were obtained.
- the precipitated polymer was collected by filtration, and the collected polymer was subjected to suclette extraction in the order of methanol, acetone, hexane and chloroform and chlorobenzene. Concentrated by chloroform and chlorobenzene extraction and poured into methanol to precipitate the polymer. The precipitated polymer was again filtered and dried under vacuum overnight. In each of chloroform and chlorobenzene, the following amounts of gumbora shiny purified polymer were obtained.
- ⁇ max (CB) means the maximum value (max) of the absorption wavelength when the UV spectrum was measured by diluting each copolymer in chlorobenzene
- ⁇ max (film) means chlorobenzene for each copolymer. After melting and spin coating, the maximum value of the absorption wavelength when the UV spectrum is measured.
- ⁇ Op.BG it means an optical band-gap, a value measured through the UV onset of the film
- ⁇ Ec.BG is a band measured by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. Gap. The HOMO energy level is measured using onset of oxidation through cyclic voltammetry.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra after heat treatment at 110 ° C. in a solution state, a film state, and a film state dissolved in chlorobenzene of Copolymer 1.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra after heat treatment at 110 ° C. in a solution state, a film state, and a film state dissolved in chlorobenzene of Copolymer 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an electrochemical measurement result (cyclic voltametry) of copolymer 1.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra at room temperature, 80 ° C. and 100 ° C. in copolymer 2 dissolved in chlorobenzene.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra after heat treatment at 110 ° C. in a solution state, a film state, and a film state dissolved in chlorobenzene of copolymer 2.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing UV-vis absorption spectra after heat treatment at 110 ° C. in a solution state, a film state, and a film state dissolved in chlorobenzene of copolymer 2.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an electrochemical measurement result (cyclic voltametry) of copolymer 2.
- Copolymer 1 and PC 71 BM were dissolved in chlorobenzene (CB) in 1: 1.5 to prepare a composite solution, and 1,8-daiooctane (DIO: 1,8-diiodooctane) was prepared. 3 vol% was added. At this time, the concentration was adjusted as shown in Table 2, the organic solar cell was a structure of a glass substrate / ITO / ZnO / photoactive layer / MoO 3 / Ag.
- CB chlorobenzene
- DIO 1,8-daiooctane
- ITO is a bar type, 1.5 * 1.5 cm 2 coated glass substrate is ultrasonically cleaned with distilled water, acetone, 2-propanol, ozone treatment of ITO surface for 10 minutes and then zinc oxide (ZnO) Spin-coated for 40 seconds at 1500 rpm with a thickness of 20 nm and heat-treated for 10 minutes at 235 °C.
- ZnO zinc oxide
- the copolymer PC 71 BM composite solution was spin-coated at 1,000 rpm for 20 seconds at the thickness shown in Table 2 below, and the MoO 3 was 0.2 ⁇ using a thermal evaporator under a 3x10 -8 torr vacuum. 10 nm thick was deposited at a rate of / s, and Ag was deposited at a thickness of 100 nm at a rate of 1 ⁇ / s to manufacture an organic solar cell having optimal performance.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing current densities according to voltages of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-4.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 2 and 3.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 2 and 3.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 4 and 5.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of organic solar cells according to Experimental Examples 4 and 5.
- An organic solar cell was manufactured by the same method as Experimental Example 2, except that the thicknesses of the solvent and the photoactive layer in Experimental Example 2 were adjusted as in Table 4 below.
- An organic solar cell was manufactured by the same method as Experimental Example 2, except that Copolymer 2 was used instead of Copolymer 1 in Experimental Example 2 and was adjusted as shown in Table 4 below.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing current density by voltage of an organic solar cell according to Experimental Example 6-1.
- V oc is an open voltage
- J sc is a short-circuit current
- FF is a fill factor
- PCE is an energy conversion efficiency.
- the open-circuit and short-circuit currents are the X- and Y-axis intercepts in the four quadrants of the voltage-current density curve, respectively. The higher these two values, the higher the efficiency of the solar cell.
- the fill factor is the area of the rectangle drawn inside the curve divided by the product of the short circuit current and the open voltage. By dividing these three values by the intensity of the emitted light, the energy conversion efficiency can be obtained, and higher values are preferable.
- the copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification has an excellent effect in the case of including a thiophene substituted with a sulfide group as a substituent of benzodithiophene as a second unit.
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Abstract
Description
λmax (CB)(nm) | λmax (film)(nm) | λOp.BG (eV) | λEc.BG (eV) | HOMO(eV) | |
공중합체 1 | 705 | 710 | 1.58 | 1.38 | 5.22 |
공중합체 2 | 695 | 695 | 1.61 | 1.52 | 5.2 |
PCE 10a | 708 | 704 | 1.59 | 2.13 | 5.30 |
PCE10-Sa | 709 | 716 | 1.57 | 2.14 | 5.41 |
농도 (mg/ml) | Voc (V) | Jsc (mA/cm2) | FF (%) | PCE (%) | 두께 (nm) | |
실험예 1-1 | 10 | 0.73 | 8.48 | 49.51 | 3.04 | 45-55 |
실험예 1-2 | 15 | 0.78 | 14.49 | 64.50 | 7.28 | 70-77 |
실험예 1-3 | 20 | 0.81 | 16.96 | 65.51 | 8.97 | 80-88 |
실험예 1-4 | 25 | 0.78 | 16.35 | 62.79 | 7.98 | 100-110 |
비교예 1-1 | 15 | 0.78 | 15.36 | 59.08 | 7.04 | 80-85 |
비교예 1-2 | 20 | 0.76 | 14.51 | 47.90 | 5.30 | 92-99 |
비교예 1-3 | 25 | 0.75 | 14.25 | 46.01 | 4.92 | 105-110 |
Voc (V) | Jsc (mA/cm2) | FF (%) | PCE (%) | |
실험예 2 | 0.79 | 17.59 | 64.22 | 8.89 |
실험예 3 | 0.79 | 18.73 | 64.47 | 9.51 |
실험예 4 | 0.81 | 17.51 | 64.52 | 9.13 |
실험예 5 | 0.81 | 18.50 | 63.83 | 9.53 |
용매 | Voc (V) | Jsc (mA/cm2) | FF (%) | PCE (%) | 두께 (nm) | |
실험예 6-1 | 톨루엔 | 0.79 | 17.24 | 64.80 | 8.84 | 80-90 |
실험예 6-2 | o-크실렌 | 0.79 | 16.75 | 63.68 | 8.45 | 65-75 |
비교예 6 | 톨루엔 | 0.77 | 16.34 | 56.74 | 7.09 | ~85 |
Claims (16)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,R1 및 R10은 서로 동일하거나 상이하고, 각각 독립적으로 치환 또는 비치환된 에스터기인 것인 공중합체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 공중합체의 수평균 분자량은 500 g/mol 내지 1,000,000 g/mol인 공중합체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 공중합체의 분자량 분포는 1 내지 100인 공중합체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 공중합체는 톨루엔 또는 자일렌 용매에 대하여, 용해도가 10mg/mL 이상인 것인 공중합체.
- 제1 전극; 상기 제1 전극과 대향하여 구비되는 제2 전극; 및 상기 제1 전극과 상기 제2 전극 사이에 구비되고, 광활성층을 포함하는 1층 이상의 유기물층을 포함하고, 상기 유기물층 중 1층 이상은 청구항 1 내지 7 중 어느 하나의 항에 따른 공중합체를 포함하는 것인 유기 태양 전지.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 광활성층은 전자 주개 및 전자 받개로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 또는 2 이상을 포함하고,상기 전자 주개는 상기 공중합체를 포함하는 것인 유기 태양 전지.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,상기 전자 받개는 플러렌, 플러렌 유도체, 탄소 나노 튜브, 탄소 나노 튜브 유도체, 바소쿠프로인, 반도체성 원소, 반도체성 화합물 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 유기 태양 전지.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,상기 전자 주개 및 전자 받개는 벌크 헤테로 정션(BHJ)을 구성하는 것인 유기 태양 전지.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 광활성층은 n형 유기물층 및 p형 유기물층을 포함하는 이층 박막(bilayer)구조이며,상기 p형 유기물층은 상기 공중합체를 포함하는 것인 유기 태양 전지.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 유기 태양 전지는 상기 제1 전극이 캐소드이고,상기 제2 전극이 애노드인 인버티드(Invertecd) 구조의 유기 태양 전지이고,상기 유기 태양 전지는 상기 광활성층과 상기 제1 전극 사이에 구비된 캐소드 버퍼층; 및상기 광활성층과 상기 캐소드 버퍼층 사이에 플러렌 유도체를 포함하는 유기물층을 더 포함하는 것인 유기 태양 전지.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 유기 태양 전지는 제1 전극의 광활성층이 구비되는 면의 반대면에 반사방지필름을 더 포함하는 것인 유기 태양 전지.
- 기판을 준비하는 단계;상기 기판의 일 영역에 제1 전극을 형성하는 단계;상기 제1 전극 상부에 광 활성층을 포함하는 유기물층을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 유기물층에 제2 전극을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 광활성층은 청구항 1 내지 7 중 어느 한 항에 따른 공중합체를 포함하는 것인 유기 태양 전지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 광활성층은 비할로겐 용매 및 상기 공중합체를 포함하는 용액을 이용하여 형성되는 것인 유기 태양 전지의 제조 방법.
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US20190023835A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
KR20170089576A (ko) | 2017-08-04 |
JP2019507215A (ja) | 2019-03-14 |
JP6642893B2 (ja) | 2020-02-12 |
US11773210B2 (en) | 2023-10-03 |
EP3395853A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
KR101968899B1 (ko) | 2019-04-15 |
EP3395853B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
CN108602942A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
CN108602942B (zh) | 2020-11-17 |
EP3395853A4 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
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