WO2017126631A1 - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017126631A1 WO2017126631A1 PCT/JP2017/001812 JP2017001812W WO2017126631A1 WO 2017126631 A1 WO2017126631 A1 WO 2017126631A1 JP 2017001812 W JP2017001812 W JP 2017001812W WO 2017126631 A1 WO2017126631 A1 WO 2017126631A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceria
- exhaust gas
- catalyst layer
- gas purification
- supported
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 106
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 68
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
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- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- -1 organic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device.
- a three-way catalyst is known as an exhaust gas purification device for purifying these three types of exhaust gas purification components.
- the three-way catalyst has a configuration including a base material and a catalyst coat layer in which a noble metal such as Rh, Pt, or Pd is supported on carrier particles on the base material.
- a noble metal such as Rh, Pt, or Pd
- Rh is mainly reduction of NO x
- Pt and Pd is mainly responsible for oxidizing HC and CO.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an exhaust gas purifying apparatus having a catalyst layer containing alumina support particles supporting Pd and ceria-zirconia support particles supporting Pt and / or Rh on a substrate. .
- Patent Document 1 by supporting Pd on alumina carrier particles having excellent heat resistance, it is possible to suppress the growth of Pd grains and maintain high catalytic activity, and to maintain oxygen in the atmosphere by ceria in the ceria-zirconia carrier particles. The density can be adjusted. Thus the reduction reaction of NO x, as well as to improve the oxidation reaction of CO and HC, have reported that it is possible to improve the exhaust gas purification performance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification device with improved exhaust gas purification performance.
- An exhaust gas purification device having one catalyst layer The ceria concentration in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles is 30 wt% or less, and the amount of ceria in the second ceria-zirconia carrier particles is larger than the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles. Large exhaust gas purification device.
- ⁇ Aspect 2 The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to aspect 1, wherein the ceria concentration in the second ceria-zirconia carrier particles is greater than 30 wt%.
- ⁇ Aspect 3 The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the first catalyst layer further includes barium sulfate.
- ⁇ Aspect 4 The exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, further comprising a second catalyst layer below the first catalyst layer.
- ⁇ Aspect 5 The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to aspect 4, wherein the second catalyst layer contains barium sulfate.
- ⁇ Aspect 6 6.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus according to aspect 4 or 5, wherein the second catalyst layer includes a second Rh-supported catalyst in which Rh is supported on first ceria-zirconia support particles.
- ⁇ Aspect 7 The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to aspect 6, wherein the ratio of the Rh amount of the first Rh-supported catalyst to the Rh amount of the second Rh-supported catalyst is in the range of 10:90 to 90:10.
- ⁇ Aspect 8 The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to any one of embodiments 4 to 7, further comprising one or more layers below the second catalyst layer.
- ⁇ Aspect 9 >> The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the first catalyst layer is present on a substrate.
- ⁇ Aspect 10 The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to any one of aspects 4 to 7, wherein the second catalyst layer is provided between the first catalyst layer and the base material.
- ⁇ Aspect 11 The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to aspect 8, comprising the one or more layers between the second catalyst layer and the base material.
- an exhaust gas purification device with improved exhaust gas purification performance can be provided.
- (A) It is a conceptual diagram of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which shows one embodiment of this invention.
- (B) It is a conceptual diagram of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which shows another one embodiment of this invention.
- (C) It is a conceptual diagram of the exhaust gas purification apparatus of a prior art. It is a conceptual diagram which shows one embodiment of the exhaust gas purification apparatus of this invention.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention includes a Pd-supported catalyst in which Pd is supported on alumina support particles, a first Rh-supported catalyst in which Rh is supported on first ceria-zirconia support particles, and a second ceria.
- An exhaust gas purifying apparatus having a first catalyst layer containing zirconia support particles, wherein the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia support particles is 30 wt% or less, and second ceria-zirconia support particles
- An exhaust gas purifying apparatus in which the amount of ceria therein is larger than the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia support particles.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus (100) of the present invention includes a Pd-supported catalyst in which Pd (21) is supported on alumina support particles (22), and a first ceria-zirconia.
- Exhaust gas purification having a first catalyst layer (2) including a first Rh-supported catalyst in which Rh (24) is supported on support particles (23) and second ceria-zirconia support particles (25) Device (100).
- the 1st catalyst layer (2) may exist on a base material (1).
- Patent Document 1 As shown in FIG. 1 (c), a Pd-supported catalyst in which Pd (21) is supported on alumina support particles (22), and Rh (24) on ceria-zirconia support particles (26).
- An exhaust gas purification device (100) having a catalyst layer (2) containing a Rh-supported catalyst formed by supporting on a substrate (1) is disclosed.
- the alumina carrier particles (22) having excellent heat resistance, it is possible to suppress the grain growth of Pd (21) and maintain high catalytic activity, and in the ceria-zirconia carrier particles (26).
- By adjusting the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere with this ceria it is possible to improve the exhaust gas purification performance.
- the exhaust gas purifying device (100) of the above publication naturally contains a lot of ceria in the ceria-zirconia carrier particles (26) carrying Rh (24).
- the present inventors decrease the exhaust gas purification performance by Rh.
- the exhaust gas purification device It has been found that the exhaust gas purification performance of 100) tends to gradually decrease.
- the present inventors added Rh (1) to the first ceria-zirconia support particles (23) containing ceria at a low concentration. 24) and the second ceria-zirconia carrier particles (25) were added to ensure oxygen storage / release capability (OSC performance). As a result, it is possible to prevent the Rh activity from being reduced by ceria contained in the carrier particles carrying Rh, and to ensure the OSC performance. Therefore, the exhaust gas purification apparatus of the present invention improves the exhaust gas purification performance. Can be made.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 100 of the present invention further carries a carrier carrying another noble metal, such as Pd (21). You may have an alumina (22).
- the exhaust gas purifying device (100) of the present invention may have a second catalyst layer (3) below the first catalyst layer (2), and further a third catalyst layer ( 4) or a further catalyst layer.
- “upper side” or “lower side” is determined on the basis of the relationship when the portion where the exhaust gas flow contacts is considered as the uppermost side.
- the base material is positioned below the catalyst layer.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus (100) of the present invention has a second catalyst layer (3) between the base material (1) and the first catalyst layer (2). 2), and as shown in FIG. 2 (b), it may further have a third catalyst layer (4) or may have a further catalyst layer.
- the second catalyst layer (3) may contain, for example, ceria-zirconia carrier particles and alumina particles supporting Rh and containing ceria at a low concentration.
- the third catalyst layer (4) For example, a carrier carrying Pt and / or Pd may be present.
- the first catalyst layer includes a Pd-supported catalyst in which Pd is supported on alumina support particles, a first Rh-supported catalyst in which Rh is supported on first ceria-zirconia support particles, and a second ceria- Zirconia carrier particles.
- the first catalyst layer may be a part of a base material including catalyst carrier particles on its wall surface, for example, a base material described in JP-A-2015-85241, and is present on such a base material. You may do it.
- the first catalyst layer When the first catalyst layer is a part of the base material, the first catalyst layer may constitute the wall surface of the base material.
- an exhaust gas purification device is obtained by mixing the Pd-supported catalyst, the first Rh-supported catalyst, and the second ceria-zirconia support particles with the inorganic particles used in manufacturing the substrate. May be.
- the Pd-supported catalyst of the present invention is a catalyst in which Pd is supported on alumina support particles.
- Pd is excellent in low-temperature activity and mainly plays a role in oxidizing HC and CO. If the exhaust gas purification apparatus of the present invention containing Pd in the first catalyst layer is used, the exhaust gas can be efficiently purified even under a low temperature immediately after the start of the internal combustion engine.
- alumina is an oxide having excellent heat resistance, Pd is supported on the alumina carrier particles, so that sintering of Pd can be suppressed and a decrease in activity can be prevented.
- alumina carrier particles ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, silica-alumina and the like can be selected and used. Among them, ⁇ -alumina excellent in adsorption characteristics and heat resistance is particularly preferably used.
- the specific surface area of the alumina support particles carrying properties, heat resistance, from the viewpoint of structural stability for example 30 m 2 / g or more, 50 m 2 / g or more, 100 m 2 / g or more, 150 meters 2 / g or more or 200 meters 2 / g or more can be used, and 2000 m 2 / g or less, 1000 m 2 / g or less, 800 m 2 / g or less, 500 m 2 / g or less, or 400 m 2 / g or less can be used.
- porous carriers can be used in addition to the alumina carrier particles.
- porous carriers include heat-resistant inorganic oxides generally used for supporting a catalyst metal, such as silica, zirconia, and titania.
- the supported amount of Pd may be 0.5 g or more, 1 g or more, 3 g or more, or 5 g or more per liter of the base material or the exhaust gas purification device, and may be 10 g or less, 9 g or less, 8 g or less, or 7 g or less. . If Pd is less than this range, the purification rate of CO and HC may decrease, and even if it is supported in excess of this range, the effect is saturated and the cost is increased.
- the Pd-supported catalyst of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by the following steps.
- Alumina carrier particles are dispersed in water to prepare a dispersion.
- an aqueous solution containing a Pd salt to this dispersion, mixing thoroughly, drying and then calcining, a Pd-supported catalyst having Pd supported on alumina support particles can be obtained.
- the Pd salt that can be used here include water-soluble salts such as palladium nitrate and palladium chloride.
- the drying temperature may be, for example, 70 ° C. or higher, 80 ° C. or higher, or 90 ° C. or higher, 150 ° C. or lower, 120 ° C. or lower, 110 ° C. or lower, or 100 ° C. or lower. Good.
- 300 degreeC or more, 400 degreeC or more, or 500 degreeC or more may be sufficient as baking temperature, for example, 1500 degrees C or less, 1300 degrees C or less, or 1100 degrees C or less may be sufficient.
- the firing time may be 1 hour or more, 2 hours or more, or 4 hours or more, or 10 hours or less, or 8 hours or less.
- the first Rh-supported catalyst of the present invention is a catalyst in which Rh is supported on the first ceria-zirconia support particles. Rh mainly plays a role in reducing NOx.
- the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles are a material exhibiting OSC performance, and are known to exhibit extremely excellent OSC performance, particularly by supporting a noble metal such as Rh. If the exhaust gas purification apparatus of the present invention including the Rh-supported catalyst in the first catalyst layer is used, the exhaust gas can be efficiently purified.
- the first ceria-zirconia composite oxide is a composite oxide in which ceria and zirconia are in solid solution, and at the same time, it contains an alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element (except for Ce and Zr), and the like. it can.
- alkaline earth metal element include beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and the like.
- rare earth elements (excluding Ce and Zr) include scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), and promethium (Pm).
- the present inventors have found that when the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia composite oxide supporting Rh is high, the exhaust gas purification performance deteriorates. Therefore, from this viewpoint, the ceria concentration in the first ceria-zirconia support particles is low, specifically, 30 wt% or less, 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, or 5 wt% % Or less.
- the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles can be prepared, for example, by a coprecipitation method.
- a solution of a salt containing Ce, Zr, and, if necessary, an alkaline earth metal element or rare earth element (excluding Ce and Zr) is prepared so as to have a predetermined stoichiometric ratio
- a neutralizing agent is added to the solution to co-precipitate a salt containing Ce, Zr, and if necessary, an alkaline earth metal element and a rare earth element (excluding Ce and Zr).
- the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles can be prepared by heat treatment at ⁇ 1000 ° C.
- Examples of the salt of each element include inorganic salts such as sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and phosphate, and organic acid salts such as acetate and oxalate.
- Examples of the neutralizing agent include ammonia and organic bases such as amines such as triethylamine and pyridine, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium hydroxide.
- An inorganic base is mentioned.
- ammonium hydroxide salt is mentioned, More preferably, ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution is mentioned. The neutralizing agent is added so that the pH of the solution after adding the neutralizing agent is, for example, about 6 to 10.
- the loading amount of Rh may be 0.01 g or more, 0.02 g or more, 0.05 g or more, 0.1 g or more, or 0.5 g or more per liter of the base material or the exhaust gas purification device, and may be 5 g or less, 4 g or less. It may be 3 g or less, 2 g or less, or 1 g or less. If the Rh is less than this range, the NOx purification rate may decrease, and even if it is supported in excess of this range, the effect is saturated and the cost is increased.
- the first Rh-supported catalyst of the present invention can be obtained by the same process as the Pd-supported catalyst.
- the second ceria-zirconia support particles are added to the first catalyst layer.
- second ceria-zirconia carrier particles that do not carry a noble metal or the like can be used.
- the second ceria-zirconia carrier particles may have the same configuration as the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles, and can be prepared by the same method (for example, coprecipitation method).
- the second ceria-zirconia support particles are added to the first catalyst layer in order to ensure insufficient OSC performance, the ceria concentration in the second ceria-zirconia support particles is higher.
- it may be more than 30 wt%, 40 wt% or more, 50 wt% or more, or 60 wt% or more, and may be 95 wt% or less, 90 wt% or less, 80 wt% or less, or 70 wt% or less.
- the amount of ceria is greater than the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia support particles.
- the ratio of the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia support particles to the amount of ceria in the second ceria-zirconia support particles is 45:55 to 40:60, 40:60 to 30:70, 30 : 70-20: 80, 20: 80-10: 90, or 10: 90-5: 95.
- the first catalyst layer contains at least one promoter component having a composition different from that of the Pd-supported catalyst, the Rh-supported catalyst, and the second ceria-zirconia support particles in order to further improve the exhaust gas purification performance. May be.
- the first catalyst layer may contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium, cesium, potassium, magnesium, and lanthanum in the form of nitrate, acetate, or nitrate.
- Barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) can be included. Thereby, Pd can be prevented from being poisoned by HC or the like contained in the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas purification performance can be further improved.
- the base material is not particularly limited, and any material generally used in an exhaust gas purification apparatus can be used.
- a honeycomb-shaped material having a large number of cells can be used.
- cordierite (2MgO ⁇ 2Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 5SiO 2 ) alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, etc.
- a ceramic material having heat resistance or a metal material made of a metal foil such as stainless steel can be used.
- the first catalyst layer may be a part of a base material including catalyst carrier particles on the wall surface, for example, a base material described in JP-A-2015-85241.
- the second catalyst layer is an optional catalyst layer that may be present below the first catalyst layer.
- the second catalyst layer may be a part of a base material containing catalyst carrier particles on the wall surface, for example, a base material described in JP-A-2015-85241, and the second catalyst layer is such a part. You may comprise the wall surface of a base material.
- the 1st catalyst layer may exist on the base material which is the 2nd catalyst layer.
- the exhaust gas purification device may be obtained by using the Rh-supported catalyst mixed with inorganic particles used in manufacturing the base material.
- the second catalyst layer may be one in which Rh is supported on a base material including catalyst carrier particles such as ceria-zirconia on the wall surface by a wash coat method or the like.
- the second catalyst layer may be the same component as the first catalyst layer, and includes a Pd-supported catalyst in which Pd is supported on alumina support particles and Rh on the first ceria-zirconia support particles. And a second Rh-supported catalyst and second ceria-zirconia support particles.
- Pd-supported catalyst in which Pd is supported on alumina support particles and Rh on the first ceria-zirconia support particles.
- Rh-supported catalyst and second ceria-zirconia support particles can be included.
- the second catalyst layer may not contain the Pd-supported catalyst and the second ceria-zirconia support particles. preferable. This is because HC and CO purification and OSC performance are sufficiently ensured by the first catalyst layer.
- the second catalyst layer includes a second Rh-supported catalyst.
- the second Rh-supported catalyst may be substantially the same as the first Rh-supported catalyst, or may be a catalyst in which Rh is supported on the first ceria-zirconia support particles.
- the ratio of the Rh amount of the first Rh supported catalyst to the Rh amount of the second Rh supported catalyst is 10:90 to 90:10, 10:90 to 20:80, 20:80 to 30:70, 30 : 70-40: 60, 40: 60-50: 50, 50: 50-60: 40, 60: 40-70: 30, 70: 30-80: 20, or 80: 20-90: 10
- the ratio of the Rh amount of the first Rh supported catalyst to the Rh amount of the second Rh supported catalyst is preferably 50:50 to 60:40, 60:40 to 70:30, 70:30 to 80 : 20, or 80:20 to 90:10.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention can have one or a plurality of catalyst layers further below the second catalyst layer.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus having the above-described configuration can be manufactured by a manufacturing process similar to the conventional one.
- the Pd-supported catalyst, the first Rh-supported catalyst, and the second ceria-zirconia support particles May be used by mixing with inorganic particles used in manufacturing the base material to obtain an exhaust gas purification device.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus which has a 1st catalyst layer on a base material can be manufactured by drying and baking at predetermined temperature and time.
- a second catalyst layer is formed on a substrate, or as a second catalyst layer
- a base material containing catalyst carrier particles on the wall surface for example, a base material described in JP-A-2015-85241 may be used, and then the first catalyst layer may be formed.
- the desired component for the second catalyst layer is used by mixing with other inorganic particles used in manufacturing the substrate, A base material in which the second catalyst layer is a part is obtained.
- the substrate is coated with the first slurry for the catalyst layer by a known wash coat method or the like, dried and fired.
- the surface of the base material is coated with a second catalyst layer slurry containing a desired component by a known wash coating method.
- the first catalyst layer slurry containing the Pd supported catalyst, the Rh supported catalyst, and the second ceria-zirconia support powder is laminated and coated on the surface of the second catalyst layer by a known wash coat method or the like. Then, it is dried and fired at a predetermined temperature and time.
- the laminated structure is not limited to two layers, and may be three or more layers.
- the second catalyst layer slurry is coated on the surface of the substrate, followed by drying and calcination to form a second catalyst layer first, and then the first catalyst
- the process may be a two-stage firing in which a layer slurry is coated on the surface of the second catalyst layer and dried and fired to form the first catalyst layer.
- the firing conditions of the wash-coated slurry are not particularly limited, but the target catalyst layer can be formed by firing at typically about 400 to 1000 ° C. for about 1 to 4 hours. .
- the drying conditions before firing are not particularly limited, but drying at a temperature of 80 to 300 ° C. for about 1 to 12 hours is preferable.
- the slurry when the catalyst layer is formed by such a wash coat method, in order to make the slurry suitably adhere to the surface of the base material and, in the case of a plurality of laminated structure catalyst layers, to the surface of the lower layer, the slurry contains a binder. It is preferable. As such a binder, for example, use of alumina sol, silica sol or the like is preferable. Note that the viscosity of the slurry may be appropriately adjusted so that the slurry can easily flow into the cells of the substrate (for example, honeycomb substrate).
- alumina (50 g) and a palladium nitrate solution (5 wt% as Pd element) (20 g) were added to 200 ml of ion-exchanged water and stirred for 60 minutes. After drying at 110 ° C., it was calcined at 500 ° C. for 1 hour in the atmosphere to obtain Pd-supported alumina I.
- Example 2 Exhaust gas of Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type of the first CZ-based composite oxide was changed, the amount of alumina was changed, and the second CZ-based composite oxide was not used. A purification device was obtained.
- Rh-supported powder II was obtained in the same manner as Rh-supported powder I except that the amount of Rh-supported was 0.18 g.
- a slurry was prepared by mixing Rh-supported powder II (25.18 g) (of which the amount of Rh element was 0.18 g) and alumina (75 g). The slurry was coated on a monolith honeycomb substrate (overall length 100 mm, volume 1.0 L, number of cells 900 cells / in 2 ) 100.1 g (of which the amount of Rh element was 0.1 g), dried at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, An exhaust gas purification apparatus having a first catalyst layer was prepared by firing at 500 ° C. for 1 hour.
- Rh-supported powder III was obtained in the same manner as Rh-supported powder I except that the Rh-supported amount was 0.02 g.
- Example 3 Pd-supported alumina I (51 g) used in Example 1 (of which the amount of Pd element is 1 g), Rh-supported powder III (25.02 g) (of which the amount of Rh element is 0.02 g), and ceria-zirconia-based composite oxidation
- the product CZL1 (25 g) was mixed to prepare a slurry. This slurry was coated on 101.12 g (of which the amount of Pd element was 1 g and the amount of Rh element was 0.0.02 g) on the exhaust gas purification apparatus having the first catalyst layer, and dried at 250 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, it baked at 500 degreeC for 1 hour, and prepared the exhaust gas purification apparatus of Example 3 which has a 1st catalyst layer and a 2nd catalyst layer.
- Examples 4 to 8 The total amount of Rh supported was not changed, but the Rh supported ratio in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer was changed, and the same method as in Example 3 was used. The exhaust gas purification apparatuses of Examples 4 to 7 were obtained. Further, an exhaust gas purifying apparatus of Example 8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the amount of Rh supported on the second catalyst layer was changed without supporting Rh on the first catalyst layer.
- Example 15 to 18 Exhaust gas purification apparatuses of Examples 15 to 17 having the configurations shown in Table 3 below were obtained in the same manner as Example 5 except that the type of the second CZ-based composite oxide of the first catalyst layer was changed. . In Example 18, the second CZ-based composite oxide of the first catalyst layer was not used.
- Example 19 ⁇ Preparation of exhaust gas purification device with two-layer structure-Examination of barium sulfate ⁇ [Example 19] In the same manner as in Example 5, the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of Example 19 was obtained as described in Table 4 below.
- a slurry was prepared by mixing Rh-supported powder I (25.1 g) used in Example 1 (of which the amount of Rh element was 0.1 g) and alumina (75 g).
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus obtained in (3) was coated with 100.1 g (of which the amount of Rh element was 0.1 g), dried at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, and then fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour.
- An exhaust gas purification apparatus having a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer was obtained.
- alumina (50 g) and palladium nitrate solution (5 wt% as Pd element) (20 g) were added to 200 ml of ion-exchanged water and stirred for 60 minutes. After drying at 110 ° C., firing was performed at 500 ° C. for 1 hour in the air to obtain Pd-supported alumina III.
- Example 21 The configurations of the second catalyst layer and the third catalyst layer were changed, and the exhaust gas purification apparatus of Example 21 having the configuration shown in Table 4 below was obtained in the same manner as Example 20.
- Pd—Rh alloying rate evaluation method The durable exhaust gas purification apparatuses of Examples 2 and 5 were scraped, and the characteristic X-ray intensities of Pd and Rh contained in this apparatus were measured with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). In this measurement, observation was performed at a magnification of 150,000 times.
- SEM-EDX scanning electron microscope
- the Pd—Rh alloying rate was calculated by the following formula.
- Pd—Rh alloying rate (%) Rh / (Pd + Rh) ⁇ 100
- the ceria concentration in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles is lower than that in Example 2 where the ceria concentration in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles is high and the amount of ceria contained is large.
- Example 1 in which the amount of ceria contained was reduced and the second ceria-zirconia support particles were added, the exhaust gas purification performance was improved.
- Examples 3 to 7 having a two-layer structure in which the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer have Rh-supported catalysts have further exhaust gas purification performance. Improved.
- Example 8 that has a two-layer structure but does not have an Rh-supported catalyst in the first catalyst layer
- Examples 3 to 7 that have an Rh-supported catalyst in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer Then, the exhaust gas purification performance was improved.
- Example 5 the exhaust gas purification performance was improved in Example 5 in which Rh was supported on the first ceria-zirconia support particles, compared to Example 13 in which Rh was supported on alumina.
- Example 5 and Examples 9 to 12 in which the ceria concentration in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles is low have an exhaust gas purification performance.
- the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia support particles is the same as that of Example 17 in which the amount of ceria in the second ceria-zirconia support particles is the same.
- the ceria content in the second ceria-zirconia support particles is larger than the ceria content in the first ceria-zirconia support particles, and the exhaust gas purification performance is improved.
- Example 5 containing the second ceria-zirconia support particles improved the exhaust gas purification performance.
- Example 19 the exhaust gas purification performance was further improved in Example 19 containing barium sulfate compared to Example 5 containing no barium sulfate.
- Example 20 having a three-layer structure further improved the exhaust gas purification performance.
- Example 5 and 22 in which Rh is supported on the first ceria-zirconia support particles in the second catalyst layer the exhaust gas purification performance is compared with Example 23 in which Rh is supported on the alumina support particles. Improved further.
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Abstract
Description
《態様1》
アルミナ担体粒子にPdを担持してなるPd担持触媒と、第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子にRhを担持してなる第1のRh担持触媒と、第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子とを含む第1の触媒層を有する、排ガス浄化装置であって、
前記第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア濃度が30wt%以下であり、かつ前記第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア量が前記第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア量よりも大きい、排ガス浄化装置。
《態様2》
前記第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア濃度が、30wt%より大きい、態様1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様3》
前記第1の触媒層が、硫酸バリウムをさらに含む、態様1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様4》
前記第1の触媒層の下側に第2の触媒層を有する、態様1~3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様5》
前記第2の触媒層が、硫酸バリウムを含む、態様4に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様6》
前記第2の触媒層が、第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子にRhを担持してなる第2のRh担持触媒を含む、態様4又は5に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様7》
前記第1のRh担持触媒のRh量と、前記第2のRh担持触媒のRh量との比が、10:90~90:10の範囲である、態様6に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様8》
前記第2の触媒層の下側にさらに1又は複数の層を有する、態様4~7のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様9》
前記第1の触媒層が基材上に存在している、態様1~3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様10》
前記第1の触媒層と前記基材との間に前記第2の触媒層を有する、態様4~7のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
《態様11》
前記第2の触媒層と前記基材との間に前記1又は複数の層を有する、態様8に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
本発明の排ガス浄化装置は、アルミナ担体粒子にPdを担持してなるPd担持触媒と、第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子にRhを担持してなる第1のRh担持触媒と、第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子とを含む第1の触媒層を有する、排ガス浄化装置であって、第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア量が30wt%以下であり、かつ第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア量が第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア量よりも大きい、排ガス浄化装置である。
第1の触媒層は、アルミナ担体粒子にPdを担持してなるPd担持触媒と、第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子にRhを担持してなる第1のRh担持触媒と、第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子とを含む。
本発明のPd担持触媒は、アルミナ担体粒子にPdが担持された触媒である。Pdは低温活性に優れ、主にHCとCOを酸化する役割を果たす。第1の触媒層にPdを含んだ本発明の排ガス浄化装置を使用すれば、内燃機関の始動開始直後のような低温度下においても、排ガスを効率良く浄化することができる。また、アルミナは、耐熱性に優れる酸化物であるから、アルミナ担体粒子にPdを担持することで、Pdのシンタリングを抑制して、活性低下を防ぐことができる。
本発明の第1のRh担持触媒は、第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子にRhが担持された触媒である。Rhは主にNOxを還元する役割を果たす。第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子は、OSC性能を示す材料であり、特にRh等の貴金属を担持することにより、極めて優れたOSC性能を示すことが知られている。第1の触媒層にRh担持触媒を含んだ本発明の排ガス浄化装置を使用すれば、排ガスを効率よく浄化することができる。
第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア濃度が低いため、Pd担持触媒及びRh担持触媒のみの構成では、OSC性能が不足して、排ガス浄化性能が悪化する問題が生じる。そのため、OSC性能を確保するため、第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子を第1の触媒層に添加する。例えば貴金属等を担持していない第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子を使用することができる。
第1の触媒層は、更なる排ガス浄化性能の向上を図るため、Pd担持触媒、Rh担持触媒、及び第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子とは異なる組成を有する助触媒成分を1種以上含んでいてもよい。例えば、第1の触媒層に、バリウム、カルシウム、セシウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、及びランタンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素を、硝酸塩、酢酸塩、又は硝酸塩の形態で含ませることができ、特に硫酸バリウム(BaSO4)を含ませることができる。これによって、排ガス中に含まれるHC等によって、Pdが被毒されるのを防ぐことができ、排ガス浄化性能をより向上させることができる。
基材としては、特に限定されずに一般に排ガス浄化装置において用いられる任意の材料を使用することができる。具体的には、基材としては、多数のセルを有するハニカム形状の材料を使用することができ、例えば、コージェライト(2MgO・2Al2O3・5SiO2)、アルミナ、ジルコニア、炭化ケイ素等の耐熱性を有するセラミックス材料や、ステンレス鋼等の金属箔からなるメタル材料を使用することができる。また、上述したように、第1の触媒層が、触媒担体粒子を壁面に含む基材、例えば特開2015-85241号公報に記載のような基材の一部であってもよい。
第2の触媒層は、上記第1の触媒層の下側に存在していてもよい随意の触媒層である。第2の触媒層が、触媒担体粒子を壁面に含む基材、例えば特開2015-85241号公報に記載のような基材の一部であってもよく、第2の触媒層がそのような基材の壁面を構成していてもよい。この場合には、第2の触媒層である基材上に第1の触媒層が存在していてもよい。また、第2の触媒層が基材の一部である場合には、Rh担持触媒を、基材を製造する際に使用する無機粒子と混合して用いて、排ガス浄化装置を得てもよく、また第2の触媒層は、セリア-ジルコニア等の触媒担体粒子を壁面に含む基材に、ウォッシュコート法等によってRhを担持させたものでもよい。
上述したような構成の排ガス浄化装置は、従来と同様の製造プロセスによって製造することができる。例えば図1(a)に示すような第1の触媒層が基材の壁の一部を構成する場合には、Pd担持触媒、第1のRh担持触媒、及び第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子を、基材を製造する際に使用する無機粒子と混合して用いて、排ガス浄化装置を得てもよい。例えば図1(b)に示すような基材上に第1の触媒層のみを有する1層構造タイプの排ガス浄化装置を製造するには、まずPd担持触媒、Rh担持触媒、及び第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粉末を含むスラリーを公知のウォッシュコート法等によって基材にコートする。その後、所定の温度及び時間で乾燥し、焼成することによって、第1の触媒層を基材上に有する排ガス浄化装置を製造することができる。
[例1]
イオン交換水100mlに第1のセリア-ジルコニア(CZ)系複合酸化物(CeO2/ZrO2/La2O3/Nd2O3=20/70/5/5(wt%))(CZLN1と表記)(25g)、及び硝酸ロジウム溶液(Rh元素として5wt%)(4g)を投入し、60分攪拌した。110℃で乾燥した後、大気中500℃で1時間焼成して、Rh担持粉末Iを得た。
第1のCZ系複合酸化物の種類を変更し、アルミナ量を変更し、かつ第2のCZ系複合酸化物を使用しなかったこと以外は、例1と同様の方法で、例2の排ガス浄化装置を得た。
[例3]
Rh担持量を0.18gにしたことを除いてRh担持粉末Iと同様にして、Rh担持粉末IIを得た。
Rh担持量の合計は変更せずに、第1の触媒層と第2の触媒層でのRh担持割合を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法で、下記の表1に記載の構成の例4~7の排ガス浄化装置を得た。また、第1の触媒層にRhを担持させずに、第2の触媒層のRh担持量を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法で、例8の排ガス浄化装置を得た。
[例9~14]
第1のCZ系複合酸化物の種類を変更したこと以外は例5と同様の方法で、下記の表2に記載の構成の例9~14の排ガス浄化装置を得た。
[例15~18]
第1の触媒層の第2のCZ系複合酸化物の種類を変更したこと以外は例5と同様の方法で、下記の表3に記載の構成の例15~17の排ガス浄化装置を得た。例18では、第1の触媒層の第2のCZ系複合酸化物を使用しなかった。
[例19]
例5と同様の方法で、下記の表4に記載のように例19の排ガス浄化装置を得た。
[例20]
(1)イオン交換水100mlにアルミナ(25g)、及び硝酸パラジウム溶液(Pd元素として5wt%)(1g)を投入し、60分攪拌した。110℃で乾燥した後、大気中500℃で1時間焼成して、Pd担持アルミナIIを得た。
第2の触媒層及び第3の触媒層の構成を変更し、例20と同様の方法で、下記の表4に記載の構成の例21の排ガス浄化装置を得た。
[例22~23]
第2の触媒層のCZ担体を変更したこと以外は例5と同様の方法で、下記の表4に記載の構成の例22~23の排ガス浄化装置を得た。
[耐久性能試験]
排ガス浄化装置について、8万km走行相当の耐久試験を行った。その後、これらの排ガス浄化装置を排気量1.0Lのエンジンを有する実機車両に搭載し、JC08モードで走行して、NMHC、NOxの排出量を測定した。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1の値は、JC08モードのCold評価とHot評価とのコンバイン値である。
例2及び例5の耐久排ガス浄化装置をかきとり、この装置に含まれるPd及びRhの特性X線強度を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM-EDX)によって測定した。この測定では、150,000倍の倍率で観察した。Pd元素の測定値を「Pd」、Rh元素の測定値を「Rh」とした場合に、以下の計算式によってPd-Rh合金化率を算出した。
Pd-Rh合金化率(%)=Rh/(Pd+Rh)×100
結果を表1~表4に示す。
1 基材
2 第1の触媒層
21 Pd
22 アルミナ
23 第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子
24 Rh
25 第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子
26 従来のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子
3 第2の触媒層
4 第3の触媒層
Claims (11)
- アルミナ担体粒子にPdを担持してなるPd担持触媒と、第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子にRhを担持してなる第1のRh担持触媒と、第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子とを含む第1の触媒層を有する、排ガス浄化装置であって、
前記第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア濃度が30wt%以下であり、かつ前記第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア量が前記第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア量よりも大きい、排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記第2のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子中のセリア濃度が、30wt%より大きい、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第1の触媒層が、硫酸バリウムをさらに含む、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第1の触媒層の下側に第2の触媒層を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第2の触媒層が、硫酸バリウムを含む、請求項4に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第2の触媒層が、第1のセリア-ジルコニア担体粒子にRhを担持してなる第2のRh担持触媒を含む、請求項4又は5に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第1のRh担持触媒のRh量と、前記第2のRh担持触媒のRh量との比が、10:90~90:10の範囲である、請求項6に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第2の触媒層の下側にさらに1又は複数の層を有する、請求項4~7のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第1の触媒層が基材上に存在している、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第1の触媒層と前記基材との間に前記第2の触媒層を有する、請求項4~7のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第2の触媒層と前記基材との間に前記1又は複数の層を有する、請求項8に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
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EP3406322A1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
CN108472590A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
EP3406322A4 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
JP6180697B1 (ja) | 2017-08-16 |
CN108472590B (zh) | 2021-06-01 |
EP3406322B1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
US10618034B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
JPWO2017126631A1 (ja) | 2018-01-25 |
US20190015820A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
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