WO2017119492A1 - 光学素子、および光学素子付き物品 - Google Patents
光学素子、および光学素子付き物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017119492A1 WO2017119492A1 PCT/JP2017/000300 JP2017000300W WO2017119492A1 WO 2017119492 A1 WO2017119492 A1 WO 2017119492A1 JP 2017000300 W JP2017000300 W JP 2017000300W WO 2017119492 A1 WO2017119492 A1 WO 2017119492A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/21—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose for multiple purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/373—Metallic materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element that provides an anti-counterfeit effect, a decorative effect, and an aesthetic effect.
- the present invention relates to an optical element that provides an anti-counterfeit effect that can be applied to securities such as banknotes, ID fields such as passports and various identification cards, and security devices used in the brand protection field.
- an optical element having a diffraction grating is known as an optical element having a visual effect different from that of a normal printed material (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 an optical element having a visual effect different from that of a normal printed material.
- the wavelength of the diffracted light that reaches the observer's eyes changes, whereby the observer recognizes that the optical element changes to a rainbow color.
- Patent Documents 2 to 5 propose an optical element having an optical effect different from that of an optical element provided with a diffraction grating. That is, this optical element displays a color with a high saturation and a small color change depending on the viewing angle.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-136810 Japanese Patent No. 4983899 Japanese Patent No. 4983948 Japanese Patent No. 5143855 Japanese Patent No. 5570210
- convex portions are arranged at regular intervals in the concavo-convex structure resulting from the color display. It is important that it is not. For this reason, as the concavo-convex structure, attempts have been made to arrange the convex portions (or concave portions) so that the distance between the centers of adjacent convex portions (or concave portions) is random. However, it is very difficult to make the distance between the centers of adjacent convex portions (or concave portions) completely random over the entire concavo-convex structure.
- An object of the present invention is an optical element that displays a highly saturated color (hereinafter also referred to as “structural color”), has a structure capable of reducing the load of data generation, and has a small color change depending on an observation angle. It is to provide an element.
- the optical element of the present invention comprises a concavo-convex structure forming layer having a concavo-convex structure on one surface, and a light reflecting layer covering at least part of the concavo-convex structure surface of the concavo-convex structure forming layer, and the concavo-convex structure forming layer Comprises a unit group composed of a plurality of units having different concavo-convex structures.
- the unit includes a flat portion, a plurality of convex portions or a plurality of concave portions, and an upper surface of the convex portion or the concave portion.
- the bottom surface is substantially parallel to the surface of the flat part, the distance between the centers of the adjacent convex part or the concave part is not constant, the height of the convex part or the depth of the concave part is constant, Units having the same uneven structure are not arranged in the unit group with a period of less than 150 ⁇ m.
- the article with an optical element of the present invention includes the optical element of the present invention and an article that supports the optical element.
- the optical element of the present invention and an article provided with the optical element have a structure that can reduce the load of data generation, display a color with high color saturation with little color change depending on the observation angle.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an optical element according to the present invention. It is the figure which expanded the part enclosed with the circle of the dashed-dotted line shown to FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IC-IC shown in FIG. 1B. It is a perspective view which shows roughly an example of the uneven structure in a unit. It is a perspective view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit.
- FIG. 1 It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit. It is a top view which shows roughly an example of the uneven structure in a unit group. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit group. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit group. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit group. It is a top view which shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit group. It is the top view which showed roughly an example in which the unit group contains the unit with the same uneven structure.
- FIG. 1 shows roughly another example of the uneven structure in a unit.
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIVB-XIVB shown in FIG. 14A. It is an image figure for demonstrating an autocorrelation function. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the optical effect of this invention. It is another conceptual diagram for demonstrating the optical effect of this invention. It is a top view which shows an example of the article with an optical element concerning the present invention. It is a figure which shows roughly the uneven structure in units A to F. It is a figure which shows the autocorrelation coefficient of the uneven structure of the uneven structure formation layer formed in Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the autocorrelation coefficient of the uneven structure of the uneven structure forming layer formed in Example 2. FIG.
- FIG. 3 It is a figure which shows the autocorrelation coefficient of the uneven structure of the uneven structure formation layer formed in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 It is a figure which shows the autocorrelation coefficient of the uneven structure of the uneven structure formation layer formed in Example 4.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the autocorrelation coefficient of the uneven structure of the uneven structure forming layer formed in the comparative example 1.
- the optical element in the present invention includes a concavo-convex structure forming layer having a concavo-convex structure on one surface, and a light reflecting layer covering at least part of the concavo-convex structure surface of the concavo-convex structure forming layer.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view schematically showing an example of an optical element according to the present invention
- FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a one-dot chain line circle in the plan view of FIG. 1A
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IC-IC shown in FIG. 1B.
- the X direction and the Y direction are parallel to the display surface and perpendicular to each other.
- the Z direction is a direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction.
- the optical element according to the present invention includes a unit group UG in which a plurality of units U each having a concavo-convex structure including a flat portion 21 and a convex portion 22 (or a concave portion) are arranged on the surface of the concavo-convex structure forming layer. It has. In this invention, you may provide a recessed part instead of the convex part 22 in an uneven
- components of the optical element will be described.
- the light-transmitting substrate 11 is typically transparent, particularly colorless and transparent.
- the light transmissive substrate 11 can be omitted in the optical element according to the present invention.
- Examples of the material of the light-transmitting substrate 11 include films and sheets formed from resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and acrylic. Can be used. However, it is not limited to these, It is possible to select the material and form of the transparent base material 11 arbitrarily according to a use.
- resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and acrylic.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PC polycarbonate
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- acrylic acrylic
- the light-transmitting substrate 11 may be subjected to treatments such as easy adhesion treatment, antifouling treatment, antistatic treatment, anti-wear treatment, and release treatment according to the purpose.
- the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 is typically formed from a resin layer having optical transparency.
- the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 includes a unit group UG composed of a plurality of units U as a region that defines the concavo-convex structure.
- Each unit U has a specific uneven structure, and the uneven structure includes a flat portion 21 and a plurality of convex portions 22 or concave portions.
- the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 may have a structure region different from the concavo-convex structure of the unit group UG.
- the structure in the region is not particularly limited as long as the structure is different from the uneven structure of the unit group UG.
- a diffraction grating structure, a hologram, a scattering structure, a cross grating structure, a moth-eye structure, various lens structures, and / or a flat structure can be given. These structures can be provided in a region adjacent to or away from the uneven structure of the unit group UG.
- thermoplastic resin for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a radiation curable resin or the like can be used.
- thermoplastic resin examples include acrylic resin, epoxy resin, cellulose resin, vinyl resin, or a mixture thereof.
- thermosetting resin examples include urethane resins, melamine resins, epoxy resins, and phenol resins formed by a cross-linking reaction between polyol resins such as acrylic polyol resins and polyester polyol resins and isocyanate compounds. Or a mixture thereof can be used.
- radiation curable resins include radically polymerizable neopentyl glycol acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol pentaacrylate, and pentaerythritol hexaacrylate.
- Monomers, oligomers such as epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, and polyester acrylate, or polymers such as urethane-modified acrylic resin and epoxy-modified acrylic resin can be used, and have an epoxy group capable of cationic polymerization.
- Monomers, oligomers or polymers, xetane skeleton-containing compounds, vinyl ethers, and the like can be used.
- concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 may be made of the same material as the light transmissive substrate 11.
- the light reflecting layer 13 covers at least part of the surface of the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 on which the concavo-convex structure is provided.
- the light reflecting layer 13 may be coated along the concavo-convex structure of the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 so that the film thickness becomes substantially uniform.
- the surface of the light reflecting layer 13 opposite to the surface in contact with the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 has the same shape as the concavo-convex structure of the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12.
- the light reflection layer 13 for example, a metal layer made of a metal material such as aluminum, silver, gold, copper, chromium, and alloys thereof can be used.
- a dielectric layer having a refractive index different from that of the uneven structure forming layer 12 may be used as the light reflecting layer 13.
- a laminate of dielectric layers having different refractive indexes between adjacent ones, that is, a dielectric multilayer film may be used. When the dielectric multilayer film is used, it is desirable that the refractive index of the dielectric layer in contact with the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 is different from the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12.
- the optical element 10 of the present invention may further include other layers such as a release layer, an adhesive layer, a resin layer, and a printing layer.
- the release layer is effective when the optical element is used as a transfer foil, for example, by being provided between the light transmissive substrate 11 and the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12.
- Examples of the material for the release layer include acrylic resins, epoxy resins, melamine resins, polyester resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and mixtures thereof. be able to.
- the release layer contains natural waxes such as carnauba wax, paraffin wax and montan wax, synthetic waxes such as polyethylene wax, metal soaps, fluorine-based or silicone-based additives and particles. Also good.
- the adhesive layer can be provided, for example, so as to cover the light reflecting layer 13. By providing the adhesive layer, it is possible to prevent the surface of the light reflecting layer 13 from being exposed, and it is difficult to duplicate the object for the purpose of forging the uneven shape.
- Examples of the material for the adhesive layer include acrylic resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-acrylic copolymers, or chlorinated polypropylene. Or a mixture thereof can be mentioned.
- the adhesive layer may contain various fillers such as silica, barium sulfate, and talc.
- the resin layer is, for example, a hard coat layer for preventing the surface of the optical element 10 from being scratched, an antireflection layer for preventing reflection of light generated on the surface of the light-transmitting substrate 11, An antistatic layer or an intermediate layer for improving the adhesion between different materials.
- the resin layer can be provided on the surface of the light transmissive substrate 11 or between any layers of the optical element 10.
- the printing layer is a layer provided for displaying images of characters, pictures, symbols, and the like.
- the printed layer may be provided on the surface of the light transmissive substrate 11 opposite to the surface on which the uneven structure forming layer 12 is provided, or between the uneven structure forming layer 12 and the light reflecting layer 13. Or may be provided on the back surface of the light reflecting layer 13.
- inks such as offset ink, letterpress ink, gravure ink, flexographic ink, and screen ink are used for the printing layer depending on the printing method.
- Ink used for printing can be classified by composition such as resin type ink, oil-based ink, water-based ink, etc., and can be classified by drying method such as oxidation polymerization type ink, penetrating drying type ink, evaporation drying type ink, ultraviolet curable type ink, etc. It selects suitably according to the kind and printing system of the permeable base material 11.
- a fluorescent ink, a cholesteric liquid crystal ink, a pearl ink, or the like may be selected as a special ink in addition to a normal colored ink.
- the uneven structure in the unit U is a basic unit of the uneven structure in the unit group.
- the matter relating to the convex portion 22 can be read as the matter relating to the concave portion.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the concavo-convex structure in the unit U of the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12.
- the concavo-convex structure in the unit U includes a flat portion 21 and a convex portion 22.
- the upper surface of the convex portion 22 has a square shape in plan view, but is not limited to this shape, and can be an arbitrary shape.
- various shapes such as a quadrangle such as a triangle, a rectangle and a trapezoid, a polygon such as a pentagon and a hexagon, a circle, an ellipse, a star shape, a cross shape, and an L shape can be adopted.
- each convex part 22 may be a similar shape having a different size. Further, the adjacent convex portions 22 may partially overlap.
- the upper surface of the convex portion 22 can have an arbitrary shape, but a rectangular shape, particularly a square shape is preferable in terms of ease of manufacturing.
- the number of the convex portions 22 is four, but is not limited to the number, and may be any number.
- the average length of the long side and the short side of the upper surface of the convex portion 22 (hereinafter also simply referred to as “average length of the convex portion”) is, for example, 0.3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.3 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. be able to.
- the long side and the short side are defined as follows. First, of the line segments connecting two points on the contour of the upper surface of the convex portion 22, the longest one is determined, and this is defined as the long side. A rectangle having a side parallel to the long side and circumscribing the outline of the upper surface of the convex portion 22 is drawn, and this short side is defined as a short side of the upper surface of the convex portion 22.
- the upper surface of the convex portion 22 is a square having the same side length and the same interior angle, the long side and the short side have the same length.
- the distance between the centers of the adjacent convex portions 22 is not constant (that is, random), and the average value of the distance between the centers is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the distance between the centers of the adjacent convex portions 22 refers to a length connecting the centers or centroids of the upper surfaces of the adjacent convex portions 22.
- each convex portion 22 is substantially parallel to the surface of the flat portion 21, and the upper surface of the convex portion 22 and the surface of the flat portion 21 are typically smooth.
- the arrangement of the protrusions 22 in the unit U can be arbitrarily set.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an omnidirectional unit in which a plurality of convex portions 22 are randomly arranged.
- the direction of each side of the convex portion 22 whose top surface is square is not constant between the convex portions 22.
- the direction of each side of the convex portion 22 is not constant between the convex portions 22.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing another example of an omnidirectional unit in which a plurality of convex portions 22 are randomly arranged.
- the shape of the upper surface of the convex part 22 is a rectangle, and the direction of each of the long side and the short side is not constant between the convex parts 22.
- each convex part 22 is arrange
- a long side and a short side May be arranged so as to face in any direction.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a directivity unit in which a plurality of convex portions 22 are arranged in a specific direction.
- the direction of each side of the convex portion 22 whose top surface is square is constant between the convex portions 22.
- the “specific direction” means one predetermined direction in the XY plane.
- the direction of each side of the convex portion 22 is constant between the convex portions 22.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing another example of a directivity unit in which a plurality of convex portions 22 are arranged in a specific direction.
- the shape of the upper surface of the convex part 22 is a rectangle, and the direction of each of the long side and the short side is constant between the convex parts 22. That is, in each convex part 22, the directions of the long side and the short side are parallel to the Y and X directions, respectively.
- the light scattering direction can be controlled by arranging the plurality of convex portions 22 side by side in a specific direction, the observation is performed in the arranged direction and the direction orthogonal thereto. It is possible to change the appearance.
- the convex part 22 does not need to be arranged over the entire unit U.
- the concave-convex structure forming part R1 and the concave-convex structure non-forming part R2 are provided in the unit U. It may be formed. Two or more uneven structure forming portions R1 may exist in a single unit U.
- the height of the convex portion 22 or the depth of the concave portion with respect to the surface of the flat portion is constant, desirably 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.07 to 0. .4 ⁇ m. If this height (or depth) is too small, light interference in a specific wavelength region corresponding to the height (or depth) consisting of the convex portion 22 (or concave portion) and the flat portion 21 is reduced, and the structure It becomes difficult to display colors.
- external factors at the time of manufacture such as changes in the state and environment of the manufacturing apparatus and slight changes in the material composition, have a great influence on the optical properties of the concavo-convex structure.
- the height of the convex portion 22 (or the depth of the concave portion) is too large, depending on the height (or depth) of the convex portion 22 (or concave portion) and the flat portion 21 depending on the observation angle.
- the change in the wavelength of the interfering light becomes too large, the color change accompanying the change in the observation direction is large, and the structural color is difficult to visually recognize. Furthermore, it becomes difficult to form the concavo-convex structure with high shape accuracy and dimensional accuracy.
- the side surface of the convex portion 22 (or the concave portion) is substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the convex portion 22 (or the bottom surface of the concave portion).
- the occupation area ratio of the upper surface of the convex portion 22 or the bottom surface of the concave portion is, for example, 20% to 80%, more preferably 40% to 60%.
- the area of the top surface of the convex portion 22 or the bottom surface of the concave portion and the area of the flat portion are in a ratio of 1: 1, the area in which the structural color can be displayed is maximized, so the occupation area ratio of the convex portion 22 or the concave portion is 50.
- it is about% the brightest structural color display is obtained.
- it is about 20% to 80% a sufficiently bright display is possible.
- the uneven structure in the unit group UG of the uneven structure forming layer 12 is configured by arranging a plurality of units having the uneven structure described above.
- the unit group UG is composed of units having different concavo-convex structures, but may include units having the same concavo-convex structure.
- a unit having a different concavo-convex structure means a unit having a different arrangement of the convex portions 22 in the unit, and a unit having the same concavo-convex structure has the same arrangement of the convex portions 22 in the unit.
- the optical element having such a concavo-convex structure does not generate diffracted light due to the periodic structure, while color (structural color) due to interference light due to the height formed by the upper surface of the convex portion 22 and the surface of the flat portion 21. ) Is expressed.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an example of an uneven structure in the unit group UG.
- the units U11 to U14 constituting the unit group UG are different from each other in the arrangement of the convex portions 22 in the unit.
- the units U11 to U14 are all square in outer shape, and are regularly arranged with a period Ud to form a unit group UG.
- the unit period Ud is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the uneven structure in the unit group UG.
- the unit group UG is composed of directional units U21 to U24 in which a plurality of convex portions 22 are arranged side by side in a specific direction. That is, the unit group UG is composed of units U21 to U24 in which the directions of the sides of the convex portion 22 whose upper surface has a square shape are all in the X or Y direction.
- the light scattering direction can be controlled in the entire unit group UG, and the appearance changes when observed in the direction in which the convex portions 22 are arranged and in the direction perpendicular thereto. It becomes possible to attach.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an example of a concavo-convex structure in the unit group UG in which units including the concavo-convex structure forming portion R1 and the concavo-convex structure non-forming portion R2 shown in FIG. 8 are arranged.
- the positions occupied by the concavo-convex structure forming portion R1 in the units are different in the units U31 to U34.
- the arrangement of the convex portions 22 in the concave-convex structure forming portion R1 is also different in each of the units U31 to U34.
- the arrangement of the convex portions 22 in each unit only needs to be different between the units. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 11, the concavo-convex structure forming portion R1 in each unit between the units U31 to U34.
- the positions occupied by may be the same.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing an example of a concavo-convex structure in a unit group UG including a unit including only a concavo-convex structure non-formation portion R2 that does not have the concavo-convex structure formation portion R1.
- the concavo-convex structure forming portion R1 and the concavo-convex structure non-forming portion R2 are alternately arranged as a unit, but the arrangement is not limited thereto.
- the uneven structure forming portion R1 and the uneven structure non-forming portion R2 may be randomly arranged.
- the unit U has an example of a quadrilateral shape in plan view, but may be a hexagonal shape as shown in FIG.
- the unit U may have any shape such as a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a hexagon, and a trapezoid as long as it can be arranged. However, it is preferable to adopt a rectangle such as a square or a rectangle for ease of manufacturing.
- the unit shape means a shape formed by imaginary lines provided to demarcate the unit U.
- an alternate long and two short dashes line is used to clarify the outer shape of the unit U, and an alternate long and two short dashes line is used to clarify the boundary line between the uneven structure forming portion R1 and the uneven structure non-forming portion R2. In reality, these lines do not exist.
- the number of units constituting the unit group UG is not limited to the numbers shown in FIGS. 9 to 13 and can be set as needed.
- the optical element according to the present invention is characterized in that a color change caused by a periodic structure does not occur under parallel light such as sunlight and fluorescent light or a point light source such as an LED light. For this reason, it is important in principle that the uneven structure in the unit group UG does not have a periodic structure.
- the convex portions 22 arranged at a constant period do not exist. This is because in the units constituting the unit group UG, the distance between the centers of the adjacent convex portions 22 is not constant, and the arrangement of the convex portions 22 is different between the units.
- the unit group UG includes units having the same concavo-convex structure, there may be convex portions 22 arranged at a constant period.
- FIG. 14A is a plan view schematically showing an example in which units having the same concavo-convex structure are included in the unit group UG.
- the unit group UG is composed of square units U11 to U16 each having a side length Ud.
- the units U11 are arranged with a period of 3 Ud in the X direction.
- the convex portions 22 in the unit U11 are arranged with a period of 3 Ud in the X direction.
- the arrangement period of the convex portions 22 is less than 150 ⁇ m. It is necessary to be. For this reason, in the example shown in FIG. 14A, in order not to cause a color change due to the periodic structure, it is a condition that the arrangement period 3Ud of the convex portions 22 in the unit U11 is not less than 150 ⁇ m. In addition, when visually observing under a laser beam, it is a condition that the arrangement period of the convex portions 22 is not less than 300 ⁇ m.
- the arrangement period of the protrusions 22 is less than 300 ⁇ m because the color change caused by the periodic structure is visually observed compared to the case where parallel light and a point light source are used. This is because it is easy.
- the units are arranged only in the X direction, but are usually arranged in all directions. Therefore, the fact that the arrangement period of the protrusions 22 is not less than 150 ⁇ m (less than 300 ⁇ m under the laser beam) is true not only in the X direction but also in all other in-plane directions.
- FIG. 14A two units 16 are arranged adjacent to each other as units constituting the unit group UG.
- the units 16 are arranged in the X direction with a period of 1 Ud.
- the units (units 16) are arranged at a constant period. It must be arranged at intervals.
- the size formed by the arrangement of the units 16 is less than 500 ⁇ m (more specifically, the size formed by the units 16 is Therefore, it corresponds to “in the concavo-convex structure in the unit group UG, units having the same concavo-convex structure are not arranged with a period of less than 150 ⁇ m”.
- the autocorrelation coefficient can be derived from the autocorrelation function AC (x) shown below.
- the concavo-convex section and an arbitrary part of the concavo-convex section are represented by functions P (x ′) and p (x ′), respectively.
- the autocorrelation function AC (x) is expressed by the following formula (1): (Where x represents the distance between the functions P (x ′) and p (x ′) in the cutting direction of any line segment).
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the autocorrelation coefficient does not become 1 with a period of less than 150 ⁇ m.
- the autocorrelation coefficient does not become 1 at a period of less than 150 ⁇ m means that the autocorrelation coefficient becomes 1 at a period of less than 150 ⁇ m, but the size forming the period is less than 500 ⁇ m. Cases are also included. The autocorrelation coefficient will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 14B and FIG.
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view along the line XIVB-XIVB shown in FIG. 14A. In the sectional view, only the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 is shown for convenience.
- the XIVB-XIVB line shown in FIG. 14A that forms the concavo-convex cross section of FIG. 14B corresponds to “arbitrary line segment in the plane” in the description of the autocorrelation function.
- corrugated cross section shown by FIG. 14B is "an uneven
- the above “arbitrary part of the concavo-convex cross section” is a part arbitrarily selected from the concavo-convex cross section shown in FIG. 14B.
- the “arbitrary part of the concavo-convex cross section” may be a concavo-convex cross section corresponding to the unit U11 located at the left end of the concavo-convex cross section shown in FIG. 14B.
- corrugated cross section are each represented by function P (x ') and p (x').
- the autocorrelation function AC (x) is expressed by the following equation (1): Can be shown.
- the autocorrelation function AC (x) is obtained by multiplying P (x ′) by p (x ′ + x) obtained by shifting p (x ′) by x, ⁇ Obtained by integrating from ⁇ to ⁇ .
- the integration interval is set to ⁇ to ⁇ , the integration interval substantially corresponds to the size (range) of the concavo-convex cross section in the cutting direction by an arbitrary line segment.
- FIG. 15 is an image diagram showing a state in which the unit U11 located at the left end is moved with respect to the concavo-convex section shown in FIG. 14B.
- x varies from 0 to 9 Ud.
- the two functions P (x ′) and p (x ′) match.
- the autocorrelation coefficient becomes 1 at a period of 3 Ud.
- the period 3Ud of the autocorrelation coefficient is not less than 150 ⁇ m.
- the period 3Ud of the autocorrelation coefficient is less than 150 ⁇ m, and the size of the period (the distance 10 Ud from the left end unit 11 to the right end unit 11) is less than 500 ⁇ m.
- the “arbitrary section of the concavo-convex cross section” is the concavo-convex cross section of the unit U11 located at the left end shown in FIG. 14B, but from the viewpoint of confirming the presence or absence of a period of 150 ⁇ m, It is preferable that “a part of” be “an arbitrarily selected length of 150 ⁇ m in the concavo-convex cross section along an arbitrary line segment in the plane”.
- arbitrary portion of the concave-convex cross section is referred to as “a convex portion arbitrarily selected from the concave-convex cross section along an arbitrary line segment in the plane or More preferably, the range is 10 times the average length of the recesses. If the average length of the convex portion 22 is too small, it is difficult to determine the period when the autocorrelation coefficient is 1.
- the number of units having different uneven structures constituting the unit group UG is not particularly limited, but preferably 3 As mentioned above, More preferably, it is 5 or more, More preferably, it can be 10 or more.
- the unit group UG includes units having the same concavo-convex structure, the types of units can be reduced as compared to the case where the unit group UG is composed of only units having different concavo-convex structures. For this reason, the effort of unit generation can be reduced.
- the concavo-convex structure provided in the concavo-convex structure forming layer described above is a structure formed by arranging units having different concavo-convex structures under certain conditions.
- the concavo-convex structure is not formed by the method of arrangement of the units, and can place a heavy load on the computer system or the like when determining the arrangement of the infinite number of convex portions 22 Met. Therefore, it can be said that the optical element of the present invention has a concavo-convex structure capable of reducing the data generation load as compared with the conventional one.
- the arrangement of the units according to the embodiment including units having the same uneven structure can be an arrangement satisfying the above-described conditions by using a randomization method such as a dither method.
- units having the same uneven structure are not continuously arranged at a distance of 0.5 mm or more. This is because, if units having the same uneven structure are arranged at a distance of 0.5 mm or more, regardless of the unit size, diffracted light due to the period of the unit is easily observed.
- the optical element 10 displays a pattern forming unit 20 of “T”, “O”, and “P”, and each pattern forming unit 20 includes a plurality of patterns as shown in FIG. 1B. It is composed of a unit group UG in which the units U are arranged. Note that the contour portion of the pattern forming portion 20 does not necessarily match the unit shape, and can be expressed by the concavo-convex structure forming portion R1 and the concavo-convex structure non-forming portion R2.
- the region other than the pattern forming unit 20 typically has a flat structure, but may be provided in parallel with various structures such as a diffraction grating, a hologram, a cross grating, and a lens structure as described above. Good.
- a concavo-convex structure may be formed by providing a different unit group UG for each area where characters and designs are displayed.
- a unit group UG in which the height of the convex portion 22 (or the depth of the concave portion) is different may be provided for each area where characters and designs are displayed.
- a group U may be provided in combination.
- the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 has a concavo-convex structure in which the height of the convex portion 22 or the depth of the concave portion is constant with respect to the surface of the flat portion.
- the optical element 10 of the present invention displays a highly saturated color (structural color).
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing how the optical element of the present invention emits scattered light.
- the concavo-convex structure has a flat portion 21 and a convex portion 22 (or a concave portion), and is arranged such that the distance between the centers of the convex portion 22 and the flat portion 21 is not constant.
- illumination light enters the irregularly arranged uneven structure, regular reflection light is emitted and diffracted light is emitted in various directions. For this reason, even if the viewing direction changes slightly, the observed color change is not so large.
- the observer can perceive the structural color according to the height of the convex portion or the depth of the concave portion.
- FIG. 17 shows a state in which illumination light is incident on the concavo-convex structure provided on the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 from the light transmissive substrate 11 side and reflected by the upper surface of the concave portion 22 and the flat portion 21 in the optical element 10. It is a conceptual diagram shown roughly.
- phase difference between the light RL1 and the light RL2 is obtained by multiplying the optical path difference by 2 ⁇ / ⁇ , 4 ⁇ ndpcos ⁇ / ⁇ is the value of the phase difference.
- phase difference when this phase difference is an integral multiple of 2 ⁇ , the light RL1 and the light RL2 cause constructive interference.
- the phase difference when the phase difference is equal to the sum of 2 ⁇ multiplied by an integer and ⁇ , the light RL1 and the light RL2 cause destructive interference.
- the diffraction efficiency in a part of the wavelength range within the visible wavelength range is It becomes sufficiently smaller than the diffraction efficiency in the wavelength region.
- the observer perceives a specific structural color according to the height of the convex portion or the depth of the concave portion.
- the diffraction efficiency of blue (wavelength 460 nm) light is reduced, and the wavelength component of diffracted light reaching the eyes of the observer is red. Assuming (wavelength 630 nm) and green (wavelength 540 nm), the observed color is yellow.
- the diffraction efficiency of red light is reduced, and the wavelength components of diffracted light reaching the eyes of the observer are green and blue. Assuming that the observed color is cyan.
- the optical element of the present invention has a structure that can reduce the load of data generation, displays a color with high color saturation with little color change depending on the observation angle.
- an uneven structure forming layer 12 having an uneven structure is formed on one surface.
- a metal stamper is produced using photolithography as follows.
- a photosensitive resist material is applied to a smooth substrate (a glass substrate is generally used) to form a resist material layer having a uniform thickness.
- a known positive type material or negative type material can be used as the photosensitive resist material.
- a desired pattern is drawn on the resist material layer by a charged particle beam. Thereafter, the resist material layer is developed to obtain a structure having a desired concavo-convex structure.
- Electroforming is a type of surface treatment technique in which an electroformed object is immersed in a predetermined aqueous solution and energized to form a metal film on the object by electron reducing force.
- the fine concavo-convex structure provided on the surface of the original plate can be accurately replicated.
- the surface of the object of electroforming needs to be able to be energized, but generally the photosensitive resist does not conduct electricity, so before electroforming, the surface of the structure is subjected to sputtering, vacuum deposition, etc.
- a metal thin film is provided in advance by a vapor deposition method or the like.
- the uneven structure is duplicated using this stamper.
- a thermoplastic resin or a photocurable resin is applied on the light-transmitting substrate 11 made of polycarbonate or polyester.
- a metal stamper was brought into close contact with the coating film, and in this state, heat pressure was applied or light was applied. Thereafter, the metal stamper is peeled from the resin layer to obtain the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 having the concavo-convex structure.
- photolithography was used as a method for producing the original plate, but other methods such as a method of processing the surface of metal or the like by cutting or etching can be employed.
- a method of processing the surface of metal or the like by cutting or etching can be employed.
- the metal stamper can be obtained directly without producing the metal stamper by a method such as electroforming.
- a light reflecting layer 13 is formed on the concavo-convex structure forming layer 12 by, for example, depositing a metal such as aluminum or a dielectric in a single layer or multiple layers by vapor deposition.
- a metal such as aluminum or a dielectric
- the part is removed with a chemical or the like It can be obtained by such a method.
- the optical element 10 can be manufactured.
- the optical element 10 of the present invention described above can be used as an anti-counterfeit label or the like by supporting it on an article such as a printed material.
- the optical element provides an unprecedented visual effect at a relatively low cost, it exhibits a higher anti-counterfeit effect on a wide variety of articles.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an article with an optical element of the present invention.
- the article 40 to which the optical element 10 is attached is attached to a card such as a magnetic card, an IC card or an ID card, a securities such as a passport or a gift certificate, or an article to be confirmed to be genuine.
- a card such as a magnetic card, an IC card or an ID card, a securities such as a passport or a gift certificate, or an article to be confirmed to be genuine.
- Tags and labels can be considered.
- it may be a package that contains an article to be confirmed to be genuine or a part thereof.
- the article 50 with an optical element may be one in which the optical element 10 is fixed to the base material of the article 40 with an adhesive.
- the optical element 10 may be prepared as an adhesive sticker, a transfer foil, a hologram sheet, or the like, and may be attached to a substrate.
- the shape of the transfer foil may be a stripe shape or a patch shape, and may be applied to the entire surface or a part of the article 40.
- the optical element 10 may be fixed on the printing layer of the base material.
- Such an article 50 with an optical element can make the optical effect of the optical element 10 stand out by comparing the optical effect of the optical element 10 with that of the printed layer.
- the optical element 10 When fixing the optical element 10 to the base material, for example, when using paper as the base material, the optical element 10 may be inserted into the paper and the paper may be opened at a position corresponding to the optical element. Further, the optical element 10 may be embedded inside the article 40. In such a case, the optical element 10 can be used as a thread.
- the optical element 10 may be used for purposes other than prevention of forgery.
- the optical element 10 can be used as a toy, a learning material, and a decoration.
- Example 1 The optical element of the present invention was manufactured as follows.
- an ultraviolet curable resin was applied on a polyethylene terephthalate film (hereinafter referred to as PET film) having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m so that the film thickness was uniform.
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- the ultraviolet curable resin was cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the PET film side while pressing a nickel stamper provided with a predetermined uneven structure on the coating film.
- the nickel stamper was removed to obtain a concavo-convex structure forming layer having a desired concavo-convex structure on one surface.
- the nickel stamper provided with the concavo-convex structure was formed by drawing with an electron beam drawing apparatus on a layer having a uniform film thickness coated with a photoresist, and performing development and electroforming.
- an optical element was manufactured by depositing aluminum uniformly on the concavo-convex surface of the concavo-convex structure forming layer by vacuum vapor deposition to form a light reflection layer.
- the concavo-convex structure forming layer obtained as described above included a unit group in which six types of units A to F were arranged in the order of ABCDEFADFEFDFCABEDFADECBAFCCE as the concavo-convex structure region provided on one surface thereof.
- each of the units A to F has a square shape with an outer shape of 30 ⁇ m on a side, and 230 convex portions having an upper surface that is a square shape with a side of 1 ⁇ m. Further, the occupied area ratio of the upper surface of the convex portion in each of the units A to F was 25.6%.
- the autocorrelation coefficient was calculated as follows for the uneven structure provided in the unit group of the uneven structure forming layer. Specifically, the following formula (1) is used by calculating the profile of the concavo-convex cross section from a micrograph (SEM or the like) of the cross section of the element:
- the autocorrelation function AC (x) is derived from the following equation (2): Was used to calculate the autocorrelation coefficient.
- P (x ′) and p (x ′) are respectively 10 ⁇ m (the length of one side of the convex portion is 1 ⁇ m) from the concavo-convex cross section by the line segment along the X direction of the unit group and the left end of the unit group.
- the “concave / convex cross section by a line segment along the X direction of the unit group” is obtained by combining the cross sections of the units A to F shown in FIG. 19 in the above-described arrangement (ABCDEFADFEFDCABEFDAFDBCBAFCE).
- x corresponds to the distance from the left end when the uneven cross section corresponding to 10 ⁇ m from the left end of the unit group is moved from the left end to the right end.
- the integration range is 0 to 900 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 20 shows the result of the autocorrelation coefficient calculated in this way.
- the autocorrelation coefficient was 1 at positions of 0 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, 420 ⁇ m, 570 ⁇ m, and 780 ⁇ m. From this, it can be understood that the autocorrelation coefficient is not 1 at a period of less than 150 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 In the concavo-convex structure forming layer formed in Example 1, as the unit group included in the region of the concavo-convex structure, a unit group in which six types of units A to F are arranged in the order of ABCDEFADEBEACDFEDBEABCDEFADBE is used as in Example 1. Thus, an optical element was manufactured.
- FIG. 21 shows the result of the autocorrelation coefficient calculated for the uneven structure provided in the unit group.
- the autocorrelation coefficient was 1 at positions of 0 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 480 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m, and 780 ⁇ m. From this result, it can be understood that the autocorrelation coefficient is not 1 at a period of less than 150 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 In the concavo-convex structure forming layer formed in Example 1, as the unit group included in the region of the concavo-convex structure, a unit group in which six types of units A to F are arranged in the order of AACFDEBBEDECFCDFACFACCEFABE is used, as in Example 1. Thus, an optical element was manufactured.
- FIG. 22 shows the result of the autocorrelation coefficient calculated for the concavo-convex structure provided in the unit group.
- autocorrelation coefficients of 1 were at positions of 0 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 570 ⁇ m, 660 ⁇ m, and 810 ⁇ m. From this result, it can be understood that the autocorrelation coefficient is not 1 at a period of less than 150 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 In the concavo-convex structure forming layer formed in Example 1, as the unit group included in the region of the concavo-convex structure, a unit group in which six types of units A to F are arranged in the order of ACAEBADAFCAEAABFADABAFACDABAED is used in the same manner as in Example 1. Thus, an optical element was manufactured.
- FIG. 23 shows the result of the autocorrelation coefficient calculated for the concavo-convex structure provided in the unit group.
- the autocorrelation coefficient was 1 at positions of 0 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 210 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 360 ⁇ m, 450 ⁇ m, 510 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m, 660 ⁇ m, 750 ⁇ m, and 810 ⁇ m.
- the autocorrelation coefficient is 1 at a period of 150 ⁇ m.
- the period is not less than 150 ⁇ m, it can be understood that the autocorrelation coefficient is not 1 in the period less than 150 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 In the concavo-convex structure forming layer formed in Example 1, as the unit group included in the concavo-convex structure region, a unit group in which six types of units A to F are arranged in the order of ABCADEAFEADBADFAFEAACBACDAEFABC is used. Thus, an optical element was manufactured.
- FIG. 24 shows the result of the autocorrelation coefficient calculated for the concavo-convex structure provided in the unit group.
- the autocorrelation coefficient is 1 at positions of 0 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, 270 ⁇ m, 360 ⁇ m, 450 ⁇ m, 540 ⁇ m, 630 ⁇ m, 720 ⁇ m, and 810 ⁇ m. From this result, the autocorrelation coefficient is 1 at a period of 90 ⁇ m. For this reason, it can be understood that the autocorrelation coefficient for the concavo-convex structure provided in the unit group is 1 at a period of less than 150 ⁇ m.
- optical element manufactured above was visually observed under a fluorescent lamp and an LED light, and the visual effect was confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
また、図面の寸法比率は、説明の都合上誇張されており、実際の比率とは異なる場合がある。さらに本明細書において、「~」とは、その前後に記載されている数値を下限値および上限値として含む意味で使用される。
本発明における光学素子は、一方の面に凹凸構造を有する凹凸構造形成層と、凹凸構造形成層の凹凸構造面を少なくとも一部被覆している光反射層とを備える。
光透過性基材11は、典型的には透明、特に無色透明である。光透過性基材11は、本発明に係る光学素子において、省略することが可能である。
凹凸構造形成層12は、典型的には光透過性を有する樹脂層から形成されている。 凹凸構造形成層12は、その凹凸構造を画定する領域として、複数のユニットUから構成されるユニット群UGを備えている。各ユニットUは、特定の凹凸構造を有し、当該凹凸構造は、平坦部21と複数の凸部22または凹部とを備えている。
光反射層13は、凹凸構造形成層12の凹凸構造が設けられた面の少なくとも一部を被覆している。ここで、光反射層13は、凹凸構造形成層12の凹凸構造に沿って、膜厚が略均一となるように被覆していてもよい。この場合、凹凸構造形成層12と接する面と反対側の光反射層13の面は、凹凸構造形成層12の凹凸構造と同様の形状となる。
本発明の光学素子10は、剥離層、接着剤層、樹脂層および印刷層などのその他の層を更に含んでいてもよい。
次に、凹凸構造形成層12のユニットUにおける凹凸構造について説明する。
次に凹凸構造形成層12のユニット群UGにおける凹凸構造について説明する。
(式中、xは、任意の線分による切断方向での、関数P(x’)とp(x’)との隔てられた距離を示す)により表すことができる。ここで、凹凸断面および当該凹凸断面の任意の一部分を関数で表現するには、例えば、これら凹凸断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)等を用いて撮影した顕微鏡写真からの情報に基づき凹凸断面のプロフィールを算出したものを用いて行うことができる。
により示すことができる。
本発明の光学素子10において、凹凸構造形成層12は、平坦部の表面を基準とした凸部22の高さまたは凹部の深さが一定である凹凸構造を有する。これにより、本発明の光学素子10は、彩度の高い色(構造色)を表示する。
次に、本発明の光学素子10の製造方法の一例を説明する。
上述した本発明の光学素子10は、例えば、印刷物などの物品に支持させることにより、偽造防止用ラベルなどとして使用することができる。上記の通り、光学素子は比較的安価に、従来にない視覚効果を提供することから、多種多様な物品に対してより高い偽造防止効果を発揮する。
(実施例1)
以下のようにして、本発明の光学素子を製造した。
から自己相関関数AC(x)を導き出し、下記式(2):
を用いて自己相関係数を算出した。なお、式中、P(x’)およびp(x’)はそれぞれ、当該ユニット群のX方向に沿った線分による凹凸断面および当該ユニット群の左端から10μm(凸部の一辺の長さ1μmの10倍)に対応する凹凸断面を関数で表したものである。ここで、「当該ユニット群のX方向に沿った線分による凹凸断面」は、図19に示す各ユニットA~Fの断面を、上記の配列(ABCDEFADBECFDCABEFDAFDBECBAFCE)で組み合わせたものとなる。また、xは、当該ユニット群の左端から10μmに対応する凹凸断面を、左端から右端に移動させたときの左端からの距離に対応している。そして、積分範囲は、0~900μmである。
実施例1で形成した凹凸構造形成層において、凹凸構造の領域に含まれるユニット群として、6種のユニットA~FをABCDEFADBEABCDEFADBEABCDEFADBEの順に配列したユニット群を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学素子を製造した。
実施例1で形成した凹凸構造形成層において、凹凸構造の領域に含まれるユニット群として、6種のユニットA~FをAACFDEBBEDEFCDEBFDBACFACCEFABEの順に配列したユニット群を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学素子を製造した。
実施例1で形成した凹凸構造形成層において、凹凸構造の領域に含まれるユニット群として、6種のユニットA~FをACAEBADAFCAEABFADAEBAFACDABAEDの順に配列したユニット群を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学素子を製造した。
実施例1で形成した凹凸構造形成層において、凹凸構造の領域に含まれるユニット群として、6種のユニットA~FをABCADEAFEADBADFAFEACBACDAEFABCの順に配列したユニット群を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学素子を製造した。
上記で製造した光学素子を、蛍光灯およびLEDライトの下で目視観察し、その視覚効果を確認した。
11 … 光透過性基材
12 … 凹凸構造形成層
13 … 光反射層
20 … パターン形成部
21 … 平坦部
22 … 凸(あるいは凹)部
U … ユニット
UG … ユニット群
Ud … ユニット周期
R1 … 凹凸構造形成部
R2 … 凹凸構造非形成部
40 … 物品
50 … 光学素子付き物品
Claims (9)
- 一方の面に凹凸構造を有する凹凸構造形成層と、
前記凹凸構造形成層の凹凸構造面を少なくとも一部被覆している光反射層と、
を備える光学素子であって、
前記凹凸構造形成層は、互いに凹凸構造が相違する複数のユニットから構成されるユニット群を備え、
前記ユニットにおいて、平坦部と、複数の凸部または複数の凹部とを有し、前記凸部の上面または前記凹部の底面は前記平坦部の表面に対して略平行であり、
隣り合う前記凸部または前記凹部の中心間距離が一定ではなく、
前記凸部の高さまたは前記凹部の深さが一定であり、
前記ユニット群に、凹凸構造が同一であるユニットが、150μm未満の周期で配列されていないことを特徴とする、光学素子。 - 前記ユニット群に、凹凸構造が同一であるユニットが含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の光学素子。
- 隣り合うユニットにおいて、凹凸構造が相違していることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記ユニット群は、前記複数の凸部または複数の凹部がランダムに配置された無指向性ユニット、前記複数の凸部または複数の凹部が特定の方向に並んで配置されている指向性ユニット、または前記無指向性ユニットと前記指向性ユニットとの組み合わせから構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記隣り合う凸部または前記隣り合う凹部は、その中心間距離の平均値が1.0μm~3.0μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記凸部の高さまたは前記凹部の深さが0.05μm~0.5μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の光学素子と、これを支持する物品とを含むことを特徴とする、光学素子付き物品。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP17736029.4A EP3401712B1 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2017-01-06 | Optical element and article equipped with optical element |
JP2017560436A JP6907943B2 (ja) | 2016-01-07 | 2017-01-06 | 光学素子、および光学素子付き物品 |
US16/018,275 US10921500B2 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2018-06-26 | Optical element, and optical element-equipped article |
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US16/018,275 Continuation US10921500B2 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2018-06-26 | Optical element, and optical element-equipped article |
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EP (1) | EP3401712B1 (ja) |
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JP2020091430A (ja) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 表示体及び表示体の製造方法 |
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DE102021002599A1 (de) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-24 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Optisch variables Darstellungselement |
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JP2020091430A (ja) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 表示体及び表示体の製造方法 |
WO2020116095A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 表示体及び表示体の製造方法 |
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JP6907943B2 (ja) | 2021-07-21 |
EP3401712A1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
EP3401712B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
JPWO2017119492A1 (ja) | 2018-11-01 |
US20180299596A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
EP3401712A4 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
US10921500B2 (en) | 2021-02-16 |
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