WO2017118342A1 - 一种节能房及节能幕墙、装饰墙、粉刷墙 - Google Patents

一种节能房及节能幕墙、装饰墙、粉刷墙 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017118342A1
WO2017118342A1 PCT/CN2016/113458 CN2016113458W WO2017118342A1 WO 2017118342 A1 WO2017118342 A1 WO 2017118342A1 CN 2016113458 W CN2016113458 W CN 2016113458W WO 2017118342 A1 WO2017118342 A1 WO 2017118342A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
glass
energy
insulation
curtain wall
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PCT/CN2016/113458
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋卫国
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蒋卫国
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Publication date
Application filed by 蒋卫国 filed Critical 蒋卫国
Priority to CA3054764A priority Critical patent/CA3054764A1/en
Priority to US16/068,070 priority patent/US20200277780A1/en
Priority to GB1812413.1A priority patent/GB2562419A/en
Priority to AU2016384198A priority patent/AU2016384198A1/en
Publication of WO2017118342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017118342A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E04B1/7641—Elements for window or door openings, or for corners of the building
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/673—Assembling the units

Definitions

  • the energy-saving room and the energy-saving curtain wall, the decorative wall and the painted wall belong to the construction field.
  • the roof of the building is prone to overheating in the summer due to the sun.
  • a relatively mature insulation technology has been formed: an insulation layer and a waterproof layer are provided on the roof.
  • the insulation of the floor is similar to the insulation of the roof. It is also necessary to install insulation layer, waterproof layer, etc.; the floor needs to be placed on the joist to allow people to leave.
  • the insulation of building doors and windows is a key link to the insulation of external walls, because the area of doors and windows often accounts for about half of the total area of the outer wall.
  • Ordinary wooden doors, metal doors, hollow glass windows, etc. the heat transfer coefficient is much higher than the brick wall or concrete outer wall with insulation layer, and becomes the bottleneck of heat insulation. It is a challenging problem to make the insulation of doors and windows reach the same level as the latter. Only by properly solving this problem can the insulation of doors and windows be combined with the exterior wall technology of the curtain wall and the roofing and floor insulation technology to truly realize the high efficiency and energy saving of the house and realize the low construction cost, so that it can be promoted.
  • Modern curtain walls include glass curtain walls, stone curtain walls, ceramic curtain walls, metal curtain walls, and other materials.
  • the advantages of these curtain walls are aesthetics and atmosphere, which form the style of a modern city; the disadvantage is high cost and poor heat insulation.
  • Most modern framed glass curtain walls use insulating glass. Compared with single-layer glass, its thermal insulation performance has been doubled, but it is far from the level of insulated brick wall. Because its metal frame is too fast, the addition of cold and thermal bridge can not solve the problem.
  • the point-type glass curtain wall does not use a frame, but its technology does not support the superposition of insulating glass, so it also does not achieve the desired thermal insulation performance.
  • connection technology of the middle panel of the stone curtain wall is mainly short groove type, that is, short grooves are formed on the upper and lower sides of the stone panel, and then fixed by metal plates.
  • This technology as well as the current back-bolt type, through-groove type, etc., rely on a high-strength metal frame to support the huge weight of the stone.
  • the keel formed by this frame and its connection to the panel consume a large amount of metal material and form an expensive cost. If the insulation material is filled between the slate and the outer wall, although the insulation performance can be improved, the metal frame and the connecting device extending in all directions greatly accelerate the heat conduction, and the strong connection between the main keel and the house frame is difficult to set. Hot and cold broken bridges, these have limited thermal insulation.
  • Ceramic curtain walls and metal curtain walls also have similar cost and insulation disadvantages as stone curtain walls.
  • the cost of the two is low, but the insulation performance is not strong; compared with the energy-efficient rooms, the heat insulation function is quite different.
  • the above-mentioned curtain wall brick technology is combined with it, there will be a problem of matching the appearance of the brick wall with the decorative wall and the stucco wall: the former has a limited proportion and can only replace the latter within a certain range, limiting the curtain wall brick.
  • Application of technology This is also a problem that needs to be solved.
  • the insulation bottleneck of energy-saving rooms can be solved to achieve the purpose of high efficiency and energy saving; through the improvement of various curtain wall, decorative wall and stucco wall structure, the heat insulation function can be controlled arbitrarily And maintain its appearance characteristics and feasible construction costs; through the relatively convenient energy-saving decoration of existing houses, the realization of high-efficiency energy-saving housing.
  • the three aspects are as follows:
  • the building implements integral insulation and insulation to reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the building (the heat transfer coefficient K can be much lower than 0.2w/m2 ⁇ k).
  • each layer of glass bonding strip material 6 made of glass or wood with low thermal conductivity and square cross section, and bolt holes 7 on it;
  • the door leaf or sash 1 can be integrally embedded in the frame 2 when it is closed.
  • a blocking surface 3 is arranged in the frame, and a sealing strip 4 is mounted thereon, so that the closed door leaf or sash forms a sealing surface around;
  • the characteristics of the above doors and windows are composed of multiple layers of glass.
  • the connection of the glass is realized by several bolts around the glass to clamp the glass frame (or wooden frame, etc.) between the glass, which can form a multi-layer cavity and avoid cold.
  • the thermal bridge b) the distance between the glass and the number of layers of the glass can be arbitrarily selected without affecting the structural strength; c) can achieve any thermal insulation performance by controlling the distance between the glass and the number of layers of the glass.
  • the bolt holes of the solid plate 4 are the same; then the glass plates 5, 6 are penetrated by bolts 47, and the two ends of the bolts 47 are respectively fixed to the fastening plates 4 and 7; the upper portion of the fastening plate 7 is provided with a connection hole of the bolts 47 ( See rear view 6), the lower side is provided with metal plates 7a, 7b with holes, and the metal rod 7c is connected to the hole; the metal rod 7c can be rotated in the holes of the metal plates 7a, 7b, and one end is provided with a metal ring 7d, and the other end is provided with a metal ring 7d
  • the blocking member is fixed to the metal rod 7c by welding or the like to prevent the metal rod 7c from sliding laterally; another fastening plate 8 is mounted on the innermost glass plate 3 (see side view 7), and the upper side is provided with a hole Metal plates 8a, 8b (see top view 8), metal rods 8c are connected to the holes; metal rod 8c has the same structure as 7c, metal ring
  • the direction of the metal rings 8d, 7d can be aligned so that the bolts 87 can pass therethrough; then the metal rings 8d, 7d are each fixed to the bolts 87 with nuts on both sides.
  • the nut of the rotating bolt 87 abutting against the metal ring 8d can expand or reduce the distance between the fastening plates 8 and 7, and realize fine adjustment and fixation of the longitudinal position between the layers to avoid misalignment caused by gravity or other reasons. Deformation.
  • each layer of glass shall be grooved along the positions of the bolts 87, 47 (the strip frame sandwiched between the glass plates shall have sufficient thickness at this position to avoid opening the cavity between the glass when the groove is opened; the glass plate 5, 6
  • the place where the bolts 47 are penetrated shall not be grooved.
  • the cross section of each groove shall be narrow and wide at the outside, and the depth shall be such that the bolt is completely buried in the groove; then the rubber strips are embedded in the groove to seal the bolts 87, 47.
  • the innermost glass sheet 3 can be thicker than other layers of glass, which increases strength and saves material;
  • the fastening plate 1 is mounted on the innermost door leaf or sash in the same way as the fastener is installed (see top view 9); the fastening plate 1 is provided with a cylinder a, For connecting the door frame or window frame; the cylinder a is extended downwards and integrated with the lower fastening plate 2 (see Rear view 10); mounting a perforated metal plate a1, a2, b1, b2 on the door frame or window frame (see rear view 10); inserting a bolt c into the hole of the metal plate a1, and inserting a bolt d into the hole of the metal plate b1
  • the metal plate e is provided with screw holes a3, b3, the bolts c, d are respectively screwed into a3, b3, and then continue to rotate and pass through the nuts a4, b4 and the metal plates a2, b2 respectively; then at the end points of the bolts c, d Screw on the nuts a5, b
  • the hole b6 on the metal plate e When connecting, the hole b6 on the metal plate e is aligned with the cylinder a on the fastening plate 1, and then the bolts c, d are rotated to move the metal plate e until the hole b6 is sleeved on the column a; the upper and lower hinges of the door and window are connected You can also fine-tune the up and down position of the door and window by turning the bolts c and d (and the corresponding bolts on the other hinge); after all the adjustments are completed, the nuts a4, a5 and b4, b5 on the bolts c and d should be tightened. Tighten the corresponding nut on the other hinge.
  • a bearing frame can be provided at the hole b6 of the metal plate e and the bearing can be mounted, and then the bearing can be sleeved on the cylinder a (the cylinder a passes through the bearing and the metal plate e at the same time).
  • the device can be reverse symmetrical, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, where a is the upper fastener and b is the lower fastener; a1 is the upper hinge , b1 is the lower hinge. If one side is provided with fasteners and hinges at the same time, the hinges on both sides should be hinged, and the fasteners in the middle position.
  • the number of each side fastener depends on the weight and thickness of the door and window, and there must be no less than one on the vertical side. On a large weight of doors and windows, the number of hinges can be set;
  • the sealing strip 1 is mounted on the base 2; the base 2 is provided with a cylindrical rail 3, a spring 4, a moving block 5; and the upper end of the rail 3 is provided with a screw 6 , thereby preventing the moving block 5 from leaving the guide rail; the moving block 5 is provided with a sliding hole 7 which can slide up and down within the range of the guide rail 3; the lower part of the closing strip 1 is embedded in the base surface 8; the base surface 8 is connected by the screw 9 On the screw hole 5a of the moving block 5; under the action of the spring 4, the base surface 8 is always topped up, and the sealing strip 1 is pressed against the door leaf or the sash to provide a good sealing effect.
  • the base 2 should be installed in the tweezers 10 made of low thermal conductivity materials such as glass or wood; the tweezers 10 should have sufficient width to form good insulation; the tweezers 10 on the four sides of the door frame or window frame should be connected as a whole. And the four sides of the base surface 8 and the closing strip 1 are connected end to end (uninterrupted) to achieve a completely closed effect.
  • the guide rail 3, its spring 4, and the moving block 5 can be continuously arranged along the closed line (the length of the closed line is unlimited), so that the base surface 8 of any length and the sealing strip 1 can be installed, and a good simultaneous closing and opening is ensured. There is only a small gap between the opening of the tweezers 10 and the sealing strip 1.
  • the spring 4 should have sufficient strength (while the sealing strip 1 should have sufficient elasticity) so that the sealing strip 1 is close to the door leaf or The sash expands slightly to the sides to fill the gap; when the door and window are opened, the shape of the sealing strip 1 is restored and the gap is restored.
  • double screw holes 5b, 5c may be provided on the moving block 5, and two adjacent base faces are respectively connected. If the sound of the metal sliding on the guide rail 3 is to be reduced when the door and window are closed, the sliding portion should be smoothed, or the glass sheath should be placed on the guide rail 3, and then the spring 4, the moving block 5, and the like should be mounted.
  • the material of the above-mentioned energy-saving doors and windows can also be used with other materials with low thermal conductivity and high strength (this is also applicable to glass curtain walls and glass roofing).
  • the combination of such doors and windows with the thermal insulation roof, the thermal insulation floor and the exterior wall of the curtain wall brick can make the insulation of the house cover all parts and achieve the purpose of high efficiency and energy saving.
  • in terms of appearance if it is simply the use of curtain wall exterior walls, it is not feasible in modern buildings. Only by improving the thermal insulation performance of various curtain walls and decorative walls and stucco walls to the same level as the exterior walls of curtain wall bricks, and greatly reducing the construction cost, can the energy-saving houses be popularized. Below are solutions to these problems.
  • A) Glass curtain wall The energy-saving doors and windows mentioned above can be arbitrarily superimposed with insulating glass, and the distance between the glass can be arbitrarily selected, so that the heat insulating layer can reach or exceed the brick wall with the insulating layer. Between this, as shown in Figures 15 and 16, the same as the above-mentioned door leaf and window sash can be used.
  • the corresponding process of the point curtain wall (such as cable, connecting rod) can be applied to further increase the safety performance; if the large glass wall 4 is installed outside the floor
  • the embedded parts 5, 6 can be arranged to support and fix the glass outer wall.
  • the glass curtain wall constructed by this method (especially when the glass wall is all installed on the outside of the floor), in addition to fundamentally solving the problem of heat insulation, is not inferior to the traditional glass curtain wall in appearance; and its strength and life can exceed the latter. .
  • the innermost glass is thicker, the other layers can be thinner, and the amount of metal is greatly reduced, and the total weight is comparable to the frame type curtain wall.
  • the energy-saving glass curtain wall uses more glass than the point glass curtain wall, but it is a self-supporting structure, which greatly saves the support material of the point curtain wall (the cable and the connecting rod are only used as safety measures to prevent falling, without having to It is used to fix the position of the glass), so the cost is reduced.
  • the glass is also used more than the frame glass curtain wall, but the cost-saving frame of the frame curtain wall is saved, so the cost can be greatly reduced.
  • the front half of the members a, b are vertical metal plates with holes therein; the rear half is horizontal metal plates) And can be embedded in the joints; the two ends of the member c can slide in the holes of a, b, the threads are matched with the rotating nut d provided outside the member b; the nut d is connected to the member b and can be rotated Its blocking member e can prevent it from coming off the member b.
  • the two ends of the member c are inserted into a, b, respectively, and then passed through d at the point b by the rotation of d.
  • the members a1, b1, c1, and the nut d1 are the same as a, b, c, and d, respectively, but are embedded in the lower layer joint; the two ends of the member c1 are respectively inserted into a1, b1, and then the rotation of d1 is performed at b1. Pass through d1.
  • the members f, f1 are threaded and provided with nuts d2, d3, respectively; the nuts d2, d3 are connected in the holes of the member c and are rotatable, and the blocking member e1 can be prevented from coming off the member c.
  • the members f, f1 respectively pass through the two fixing nuts d22, d33 on the member g and the guiding holes in the lower portion of the member g (when the nuts d2, d3 are rotated, the nuts d22, d33 can move the member g up and down).
  • f, the lower part of f1 is inserted in the corresponding hole on c1; the length of f and f1 is greater than the distance between the joints of the upper and lower embedded parts.
  • f, f1 are respectively connected at the midpoints of c and c1, which can prevent the holes of a, b, a1, and b1 from slipping when c and c1 move horizontally; the length of c and c1 should be such that when moving on one side, the other is There is still a portion of the hole that is beyond the hole.
  • the metal plate g1 with the two bolts f11, f22 is passed through the lateral guiding holes h1, h2 on the member g and the rotating nuts d4, d5 provided on the rear side (the nut structure and d, d1 is the same) and connected to the component g. Then, the metal plate g1 is moved left and right by rotating the nuts d and d1, the metal plate g1 is moved up and down by turning the nuts d2 and d3, and g1 is moved back and forth by rotating the nuts d4 and d5.
  • the outside of the metal plate can be set at a right angle to form a stepped shape, which is hooked in a short groove opened on the side of the stone panel. Since the metal plate can be moved in three dimensions and can be finely adjusted by the rotation of the nut and nut, the stone panel can be accurately mounted to the desired position.
  • a stone panel can be fixed by four stepped metal plates. After the four metal plates have been installed, when the fine adjustment is made, the rotating nut and nut of the lower side and the inner metal plate position are rotated by the elongated sleeve or the driven sleeve and the wrench.
  • Each of the above stone panels is directly installed on the embedded parts of the brick-concrete exterior wall, eliminating the huge metal frame, saving a lot of materials, which can greatly reduce the cost; at the same time, the stone panel and the outer wall are reduced. The distance helps to increase strength and service life.
  • the cavity can be set according to the exterior technology of the curtain wall brick, the cavity is filled with heat-insulating cotton, and the metal piece is connected with the innermost curtain wall brick.
  • the process is exactly the same as the curtain wall exterior wall technology, but the opposite direction: the curtain wall brick is located inside. For convenience, below This process is called curtain wall interior wall technology.
  • the thermal insulation performance of the stone curtain wall can fully meet the requirements; at the same time, the interior wall of the curtain wall brick can be directly used as a good interior decorative wall surface.
  • Ceramic curtain walls and metal curtain walls are easier to install than stone curtain walls because of their plasticity.
  • a short groove may be provided on the side of the ceramic plate, the metal plate or the like (or the inner side is close to the edge), and the stone stone wall is directly installed on the embedded part of the brick-concrete outer wall according to the above-mentioned stone curtain wall process; meanwhile, the thermal insulation is installed according to the interior wall technology of the curtain wall brick.
  • Floor and curtain wall tiles Its heat insulation performance and cost are similar to those of the above stone curtain wall.
  • the insulation of the decorative wall and the painted wall can also be carried out completely according to the interior wall technology of the curtain wall: a cavity is arranged inside the outer wall, the cavity is filled with heat insulating cotton, and the metal piece is connected with the innermost curtain wall brick.
  • the curtain wall brick is located on the inner side, and does not affect the decoration and painting of the outer wall, so the proportion of the wall is not limited.
  • the interior wall of the curtain wall brick can be put into use as an interior wall.
  • slotting can also be used instead of punching; one end of the reinforcing bar 4 is wound into a ring a and the joint is welded, and the other end is bent into a hook shape (the other end can also be processed into other shapes that are advantageous for preventing loosening of the reinforcing bar) Or replace the steel bar with a casting or the like) and insert the hole 2; make the steel bar 5 (including the ring a1) and insert the hole 3 in the same manner; then fill the holes 2, 3 with the mortar, and make the rings a, a1 coincide.
  • Holes 6, 7 are to be parallel to the holes 2, 3 and have the same shape and size; then the same steel bars 8, 9 as the steel bars 4, 5 (with rings a2, a3 respectively) are inserted into the holes 6, 7, fill the holes 6, 7 with mortar, and make the rings a2, a3 coincide.
  • the bolt 10 or the large rod
  • the bolt 10 is passed through the rings a2, a3, and the nut is screwed at the lower end (or the lower end of the big head member is attached with a fixing member).
  • the steel bars 11 When laying the curtain wall bricks in the later stage, the steel bars 11 can move up and down, and smoothly bury the brick joints of the curtain wall bricks to complete a firm connection.
  • the multi-layer any controllable thermal insulation structure described in the foregoing can be applied, and the appropriate materials can be directly installed on the original wall, roof, floor, doors and windows, etc.
  • the appropriate materials can be directly installed on the original wall, roof, floor, doors and windows, etc.
  • Figure 1 is a door leaf or window sash; Figures 3, 4 are door frames or window frames; Figure 5 is a top view of the fastener connection; Figure 6 is a fastener connection Figure 7 is a side view of the fastener connection; Figure 8 is a plan view of the fastener connection; Figure 9 is a top view of the hinge connection; Figure 10 is a rear view of the hinge connection; Figure 11, 12 is the reverse symmetry of the fastener or hinge; Figures 13 and 14 are the closure of the door frame or window frame; Figures 15 and 16 are the energy-saving glass curtain wall; Figure 17 is the side view of the energy-saving stone curtain wall; Figure 18 is the rear view of the energy-saving stone curtain wall Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of an energy-saving decorative wall and a stucco wall; Figure 20 is a rear view of the energy-saving decorative wall and the stucco wall; Figure 21 is a top view of the energy-saving decorative wall and the stucco wall connector; Figure 22 is a brick-connected curtain wall brick Figure
  • FIG. 39 is a side view of the cable or tie rod connection;
  • Fig. 40 is a plan view of the cable or tie rod connection;
  • Figs. 41 and 42 are the assembly of the thin glass wall block;
  • Figs. Figure 45, 46 is a front view of the wall hanging installation;
  • Figure 47 is a side view of the wall hanging installation;
  • Figure 48 is a front view of the inflatable film structure hanging installation;
  • Figure 49 is a pneumatic film structure suspension
  • Figure 50 is a pressure air bag;
  • Figure 51 is a rear view of the inflatable film structure upside down;
  • Figure 52 is a side view of the inflatable film structure upside down;
  • Figure 53 is a built-in telescopic air bag;
  • Figure 54 is a telescopic air bag
  • Figure 55 is an arrangement of energy-saving stone curtain wall, ceramic curtain wall, metal curtain wall connector;
  • Figure 56 is an elongated sleeve;
  • Figure 57 is a rear view of the transmission sleeve;
  • Another common practice is to first install a waterproof and sealing layer on the roof to ensure that the roof is not leaking or vapor-permeable; then install the insulation layer directly on the waterproof and sealing layer (using non-absorbent insulation material); then in the insulation layer A breathable protective layer is provided.
  • the insulation can be installed under the roof. Due to the protection of the roof, the insulation will not be exposed to direct sunlight and will not rain. Therefore, the above ventilation layer and the waterproof layer and the protective layer can be omitted (but the lower sealing layer cannot be omitted), and various insulation can be used. material.
  • the insulation layer needs to cover the lower layer of the entire roof. If there is a strong enough support surface under the roof, the insulation layer can be installed directly on it; otherwise the support surface must be installed first.
  • the insulation layer is installed inside the wall, the above safety, strength, performance, appearance and the like can be solved.
  • a thermal insulation layer is placed in the wall, a cavity is formed, and the strength and seismic performance of the cavity become a problem to be solved when the wall area is large.
  • the curtain wall exterior wall technology described above can provide a proper solution, and can also arbitrarily adjust the thickness of the cavity and its insulation layer, so that the outer wall can achieve the required insulation performance.
  • the structural frame of the house may form an unfavorable cold and heat bridge for extreme climatic conditions and temperature differences.
  • a reinforced insulation layer is required to be installed in the structural frame of the room. Because this is a partial, small-area insulation installation, it can be properly covered by the interior design.
  • the technology can be extended as follows:
  • the bolt is sleeved with a sleeve with low thermal conductivity and a certain strength and hardness (can be made of glass, etc.
  • the sleeve should be sized to fit the bolt without leaving a gap; the wall is more Thick, more conducive to heat insulation), then put the hoop steel bar on top, thus forming a cold and hot broken bridge, further reducing heat transfer;
  • c) widen the width of the curtain wall brick to about 20cm, so that it can be paved independently and obtain sufficient strength without connecting with the inner wall (but the upper and lower walls should be connected with the floor or the frame of the house, and avoid being made in the hall. Excessively unconnected paving or paving from the frame. The following d, e, f are the same). Although the overall thickness of the outer wall is increased, the heat transfer of the metal parts can be omitted (although the heat transfer amount is small), and the heat insulation performance is further improved;
  • the inner and outer walls are made of concrete blocks, and the joints between the inner and outer walls are omitted. In this way, the exterior wall needs to be decorated, but the wall itself can reduce the cost and speed up the paving. This approach is advantageous for buildings that do not have a real brick wall appearance;
  • the inner and outer walls are made of hollow brick walls with a width of about 20cm, and the connection between the inner and outer walls is omitted. If you use the appearance of a brick wall, the exterior wall does not need to be decorated; if you use other appearances, you need to decorate it. In areas where the price of hollow bricks is very low, this approach also has advantages;
  • Concrete blocks are used for the outer walls, and the inner walls are independently paved with bricks of sufficient size to eliminate the connection of the double walls.
  • This method is also feasible under certain conditions. (For example, if the exterior wall needs to be painted with a wall, and the interior can be used with brick walls, this method can be better than the way in d);
  • hollow brick walls are used for both inner and outer walls (if the house is not high, technically, solid brick walls can be used, but the consumables are large and heavy), one of which can be smaller in width; the inner and outer walls are connected by metal parts to achieve Sufficient strength. It is also possible to directly connect the inner and outer walls with bricks as shown in Fig. 22: the bricks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are the same size, the bricks 5 are horizontally connected, and the inner and outer walls are connected; the ends of the brick 5 are small and half bricks 6, 7 Paving. For ease of construction, it is also possible to produce bricks 8 dedicated to the lateral connection; the length of the bricks 8 is equal to the length of the bricks 5 plus bricks 6, 7 (including their seams). When laying bricks 5 or bricks 8, the amount of bricks 5 or bricks 8 should not be too much (one to two per square meter), because too much transverse bricks will increase heat transfer; the amount can not be too small to ensure sufficient strength.
  • the curtain wall brick with a thin concrete block and connect it to the main wall by bolts or the like.
  • the thin concrete block needs to be painted and decorated; in the interior wall structure of the curtain wall brick, the interior decoration is also required.
  • the thin concrete block can further reduce the cost and further reduce the weight. If it is used for thermal insulation decoration of the existing decorative wall, stucco wall, stone curtain wall, ceramic curtain wall, metal curtain wall, etc., the connection method in the foregoing invention 2D (Fig. 19, 20, 21) can be applied.
  • the exterior wall of the curtain wall and various brick walls and concrete walls with cavities will form a breathing mechanism: the gas is discharged when the wall is heated, and the gas is sucked when it is cold.
  • the wall can be sealed, and only a plurality of air filter tubes are arranged in the house: as shown in Figures 23, 24 and 25, the air filter tube 1 is slightly inclined (about 5°) and fixed at the base.
  • the lower section of the air filter tube 1 is provided with a stainless steel mesh 2 (this mesh can be stacked in multiple layers and separated from each other by a certain distance), the upper section is provided with a quicklime passage 3; the lower part of the passage 3 is provided with a blocking plate 4 to block The quicklime that turns into powder slides down; the quicklime is placed in the lime channel 3, but does not exceed the height of the barrier plate 4; the upper side of the channel 3 is provided with a transparent glass 5 (or other transparent material) for observing the condition of the lime and when the lime is replaced Take it down. If you want to lengthen the length of the gas pipe, you can set the route of the pipe to be turned back and forth and close to each other (see top view 24).
  • the limestone part of the pipe can be leveled and the number of the block can be reduced; It needs to be set to be inclined, which can be "Z" shape (see front view 25) or spiral, so that its channel continues to drop, avoiding the condensation when the condensation occurs.
  • the stainless steel mesh part of the pipeline shall be made of metal and placed in a cold water container to facilitate condensation of water vapor; the upper end of the filter gas pipe is connected to the wall, and the lower end is passed through the cold water container followed by a funnel and a drain pipe (not directly connected to the drain pipe to avoid inhalation Wet gas in sewers, etc.). After the quicklime turns into powder, the new quicklime is replaced; other quick water can be used instead of the quicklime.
  • a lime basin or other absorbent material can be placed in the cavity in the wall close to the drainage and detection holes and replaced periodically.
  • energy-saving rooms can also use energy-saving curtain walls (glass curtain walls, stone curtain walls, ceramic curtain walls, metal curtain walls, and curtain walls of other materials), as well as energy-saving decorative walls and stucco walls.
  • the roof of the energy-saving house can also be used with a multi-layer glass roof (see Implementation A of the energy-saving glass curtain wall below) or a low-heat-conducting roof with the same structure.
  • Fastening devices for the side of glass panels or other low-heat-conducting materials such as doors and windows and exterior walls can be made of metal or other high-strength materials.
  • Spacers shall be provided between the glass plates and the bolts and other metal connectors to prevent damage to the glass (this applies to the glass plate assemblies mentioned below, and will not be repeated for convenience).
  • the transition chamber can be set as shown in FIG.
  • the door 1 and the door 2 are in a normally closed state; when the door 1 is opened, the door 2 is closed, and when the door 2 is opened, the door 1 is closed, which greatly reduces the heat conduction of the air.
  • the metal plate e on the frame is adjustable up and down; if it is set to be left and right,
  • the smooth perforated metal plates 1, 2, 3, 4 can be laterally embedded or installed in the manner of the rear view 27; and the threaded metal rods 5, the metal plates 3, 4 are provided in the holes of the metal plates 1, 2 in advance.
  • a threaded metal rod 6 is arranged in the hole; the metal rod 5 is vertically provided with holes a1 and b1, and the metal rod 6 is vertically provided with holes a2 and b2.
  • the remaining connections are identical to Figures 9 and 10.
  • the metal plates 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Fig. 27 can be set to the structure of the metal plate 7 in the side view 28: the bolts 7a, 7b are embedded or mounted on the frame. At the same time, the inner and outer positions of the metal plate 7 can be adjusted by rotating the nut thereon.
  • the metal plates 2, 4 in Fig. 27 may also be disposed on the right side of the holes b1, b2 while extending the metal rods 5, 6 on the right side and passing through the holes in the metal plates 2, 4, respectively; The metal rods 5, 6 can be directly inserted into the holes in the metal plates 2, 4 without being connected by welding or the like in advance, and it is advantageous to increase the strength of the metal rods 5, 6.
  • the length of the metal plate e otherwise it cannot exceed the position of the metal plates 2, 4 to reach the connector on the door leaf or the sash. If the length of the metal plate e is not lengthened, the length of the connector on the door leaf or the sash needs to be lengthened so that the length of the metal plate e is increased. Reach the metal plate e.
  • the rotating shaft on each connecting piece should be set in pairs, not only one; at the same time, the metal plate on the door frame or window frame e They should also be arranged in pairs so that each connector can be clamped so that it can be independently supported, thereby greatly reducing the stress on the door and window panels.
  • the doors and windows vertically arranged on the rotating shaft are Lateral length on the door and window panels It can be set up to support a wide range of doors and windows; windows that are placed laterally to the shaft are also more secure than single-shaft connectors.
  • the cross section of the metal plate e can be set to "L" shape, "[" shape, or square shape, etc., and its bending strength is much higher than that of the flat plate shape.
  • the position of the door leaf or the sash is moved inward, and the effect of the depression may occur.
  • the hinge device is installed on the door frame or the window frame, if the device is not hidden under the surface of the outer wall, the position of the door leaf or the sash may move inward or may occur. The effect of the depression. If you want to make it flat, you can also use the small panel.
  • Doors and windows open to the outside and inside shall be provided with a sump and a drainage pipe at the bottom of the frame, and the drainage pipe shall be connected to the drainage pipe inside the house or directly connected to the outside of the wall.
  • the insulation of the lowest floor of the energy-saving room can be carried out according to the following scheme: a) waterproofing and sealing layer installed on the lower layer; b) waterproofing and insulation layer on the sealing layer with non-absorbent insulation material; If the material is laid, a waterproof layer shall be added on the insulation layer; c) the joist shall be erected on the insulation layer and the waterproof layer, and the joist shall be provided with a certain space above the insulation layer to form a ventilation layer and a vent; d The floor is erected on the joist.
  • the insulation of the floor is only required to be carried out on the lowermost floor of the house. If the house has a multi-level basement and the soil around the foundation is dry, there is no need to provide insulation on the floor and perimeter of the lower basement. If the basement of the house is a garage or the like and there is no insulation, the insulation on the first floor of the floor is required.
  • the thickness (not just the thickness of the insulation layer). Due to various The thermal conductivity of the material is different. If there are many materials to choose from, the material needs to be determined before determining the thickness. After the material is determined, the thickness can be determined according to the heat insulation requirements; then the theoretical calculation and specific experiments are carried out to ensure the heat transfer of each part. The coefficients are similar or matched, and no bottlenecks occur.
  • the ventilation of the kitchen and bathroom can be directly connected to the outdoor, but the inner wall and the door must be insulated (this insulation layer can be insulated lower than the outer wall, because the ventilation of the kitchen is only required during cooking, and the ventilation of the bathroom is not It is necessary to exceed a certain speed, the temperature of these spaces is different from the outdoor.
  • the insulation layer should be set based on the temperature of its space), and it can be insulated to reach the predetermined level of the whole building.
  • the support members 1, 2, 3, 4 can be embedded in the frame of the floor of the first floor, and the support members 5, 6, 7, 8 are embedded in the frame at the top of the floor; 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8 are respectively close to each other to enhance safety (if one of the groups is damaged, the other must be able to carry all of its weight); each support member is provided with a thread, and the length of the support member is exceeded.
  • the thickness of the glass wall is used to install the nut; the side of the glass wall 9 is provided with fastening means (the specific configuration is shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8), thereby preventing misalignment and deformation between the layers of glass.
  • the glass wall 9 is placed on top of the support members 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and then a gasket and a nut are mounted on the threads.
  • a certain gap should be left between the glass wall 9 and the supporting members 5, 6, 7, 8 as the expansion joint, and the upper ends of the expansion joint and the glass wall should be completely covered behind the nut and the gasket. All supports must support the weight of the respective upper glass wall while fixing the position of the respective lower glass walls.
  • the cross section of the support member and the glass contact section should be square and horizontally arranged to increase the contact surface with the glass wall; the cross section of the support member beyond the glass portion should be circular to provide threads and nuts. If the weight of a glass wall is large and the two sets of supports are insufficient to carry, the number of supports on the same glass wall should be increased.
  • the upper and lower positions of the support members should be made adjustable: glass can be carried on each support member. Place two screw holes in the up and down direction, and then screw the two bolts vertically (nut up); turn the nut to reach the uniform level of the same floor and tighten the nut at the lower end of the bolt; Connect the two nuts to the same rectangular metal cover (the metal cover should have sufficient thickness and width to reduce the load per unit area when carrying the glass), and increase the diameter of the transverse nut and the washer on the support.
  • the glass wall is out of its barrier range.
  • Expansion joints shall be provided in the transverse direction between different glass wall blocks; the transverse and vertical gaps between adjacent glass blocks shall be sealed. Tempered glass is used where people pass and stay.
  • the section of the upper and lower seams of the glass wall shall be set in the manner shown in Figure 31.
  • the inside and outside of the upper and lower walls are horizontal, and the outer sides are inclined by 3 and 4, which This prevents rainwater from seeping into the interior of the wall or inside the house.
  • the outer side of the glass shall be flattened on the glass block on the upper side of the joint so that the support member passes through the ground groove (it may also be formed into the same shape by direct molding or the like), thereby
  • the layers of the glass wall are placed on the support member; on the glass block below the seam, the outer side 4 of the glass should be prevented from being machined into a bevel, but should be kept in its original shape (the cross section is a right angle) to avoid the support member.
  • the nut and gasket do not have enough contact or sufficient contact surface to prevent sufficient sealing and fixing. A good waterproof seal is required with the sealant at the position of the support.
  • each layer of glass except the outermost layer of the glass wall shall be provided with a small hole for filling with inert gas and sealed; in case the glass is atomized by the water in the glass wall, the water vapor may also be passed through the small hole. Discharge; the pores of each layer should be opposite so as to be blocked or opened at the same time. (All the glass walls and roofs below should be provided with such ventilation holes. The doors and windows should also be equipped with ventilation holes).
  • the inside of the glass wall of the house should be equipped with anti-theft devices at the necessary positions: as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the bolts 8 can be lengthened and a nut can be added on the inside, and then connected to the anti-theft bar fixed at the frame of the house.
  • the connection manner of the anti-theft lever can be as shown in FIG.
  • the two ends of the anti-theft bar 1 are wound into a ring shape and welded to the end point; the ring a of the anti-theft bar 1 is connected to the bolt 2 of the glass wall by the nut a1 (the ring a and the bolt 2) Insulation sleeves shall be provided, and insulation rings a2 and a3 shall be respectively provided on both sides of the ring a; the heat insulation sleeve and the heat insulation ring may be made of materials such as glass with low thermal conductivity and hardness and strength, and the greater the thickness, the better.
  • the bolt 3 is provided with a nut 4 and a thick metal gasket 5; the ring b of the anti-theft bar 1 is sleeved on the bolt 3 and fixed by the nut 6; the bolt 3 is inserted into the hole of the metal plates 7, 8; the metal plates 7, 8 are fixed in the house A frame or a floor panel; the outer side of the metal plate 8 is screwed onto the nut 9.
  • the anti-theft lever 1 will be tightened (can not be pulled too tight to damage the glass).
  • the anti-theft bar 1 is first mounted on the bolt 3, then the bolt 3 is mounted on the holes 7, 8 and then the glass wall is installed, and finally the anti-theft bar 1 is attached to the bolt 2.
  • the end of the bolt 2 shall be provided with a bolt to prevent the nut a1 from being detached from the bolt when the nut outside the wall is screwed, and a blocking member shall be provided on the frame or the floor of the wall to prevent the anti-theft lever 1 from rotating with the bolt 2 (if the bolt 2 is to be bolted 2
  • the position of 3 is set close enough to the frame or floor of the house to prevent the security bar 1 from rotating continuously. To make the anti-theft lever 1 more evenly distributed on the glass wall, it can be symmetrically placed (like a basket bolt).
  • the positions of the metal plates 7, 8 should be accurate, and the dimensions of the anti-theft bar 1, the bolts 2, 3 should be uniform.
  • the bolt 2 and its nut a1 are required to be equipped with a heat insulating cover (see the contents of FIG. 1Bd and FIG. 2); since many components are added to the bolt 2, the heat insulating cover cannot be installed on the nut a4, and the The insulation ring is placed over it.
  • the embedded parts of the above glass wall can be directly mounted on the steel structure, and the rest of the installation is exactly the same. Since the insulation layer is located outside the house, it can eliminate the disadvantages of steel structure insulation.
  • the above glass wall can also be installed as a lighting roof in a lateral or oblique direction on the roof.
  • a strong supporting structure must be provided (the supporting structure must fully support the weight of the roof and bear the maximum possible rain and snow load, wind load, earthquake shock, etc., and must achieve the predetermined anti-rust, anti-corrosion and anti-aging properties. All roof support structures must be the same); the specific way depends on the shape and structure of the building.
  • a removable reflective film is needed to prevent adverse greenhouse effect or heat radiation.
  • the installation of the movable reflective film can be carried out in the manner of Figures 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38: the rotating shaft 1 and the rotating shaft 2 are respectively mounted on both sides of the glass block (see side view 33); The area of the reflective film 4 can reach the entire range between the rotating shafts 1, 2; the two sides of the reflective film 4 are connected to the guide rail 3 through a plurality of connecting members 5 (see front view 34, which is clearly shown in the figure, enlarged).
  • the connecting member 5 is provided with pulleys a, b, c, d and pulleys a1, b1, c1, d1 (see rear view 35, which is clearly shown in the figure, enlarged), and can slide on the guide rail 3; the reflective film 4 One side of the connecting brace 6 (see side view) 33), the length of which is equal to that of the reflective film 4; the connecting member 5 is also provided on the brace so as not to be separated from the guide rail 3.
  • the rotating shaft 2 When the reflective film is unfolded, the rotating shaft 2 is rotated by a motor or a manual method, so that the brace is wound around the two ends of the rotating shaft 2, and the reflective film 4 is pulled along the guide rail 3; when the reflective film is removed, the rotating shaft 1 is rotated by a motor or manually.
  • the reflective film 4 is pulled up along the guide rail 3 and wound around the rotary shaft 1.
  • Both ends of the guide rail 3 are provided with inclined faces 7 and 8 with pulleys (see bottom view 36 and sectional view 37); the gap between the inclined faces 7 and 8 can only pass through the reflective film or the brace, and the pulley thereon can connect the connecting piece
  • the position of 5 is extrapolated and pushed up to guide it to the guide rail 3.
  • the connecting member 5 and its pulley need to be made of a lightweight material such as plastic and use a minimum size under the premise of ensuring strength; and the pulley should be completely covered inside the outer casing of the connecting member 5 to prevent the connecting members from being entangled on the rotating shaft. Knot. With such a hinge connection, as long as the material of the reflective film is light enough, it can cover a large width (the width of which is mainly limited by the shafts 1 and 2: if the shafts 1 and 2 are too wide, it is inconvenient to install); The length is almost unlimited.
  • a cable ring 9 can be provided on the connecting member 5 according to the front view 38, and the rotating shaft 1, 2 and the inclined surfaces 7, 8 in the rotating shaft connection can be eliminated, so that the reflecting film 4 and the pulling film are pulled.
  • the strip 6 can be moved over the guide rail 3 by the pulling of the cable in the cable loop 9; the cable can be operated by motor or manually.
  • the reflective film or the strip is folded after being moved to the end, and is made of a material that does not easily leave a crease.
  • the middle section of the cable is connected at the junction of the reflective film and the brace so that it can be pulled on both sides to realize the unfolding or folding of the reflective film.
  • the cables on the two side rails can be rolled together for synchronous operation.
  • the folding connection needs to occupy a certain area after the reflective film is folded; if it is to avoid occupying the plane of the roof, the guide rail 3 can be extended downward or upward on the inner side of the outer wall to move the folded reflective film to the outer wall.
  • the distance between the connecting members 5 is increased on the guide rails 3, the plane occupied by the roof after the folding of the reflective film can be reduced.
  • hinge type and folding reflection film can be applied to the roof as well as other positions.
  • the roof should generally have a slope and there should be a good overlap or seal between the glass blocks.
  • the glass curtain wall is not less than any other glass curtain wall, and the design life can be greatly extended.
  • the glass wall If the glass wall is installed between the floors, it is not good for the overall insulation of the house, but compared to the way of installing the outside of the frame, the glass wall can be assembled with smaller glass, and the glass wall can be omitted. Side fastenings. The feasibility of applying this method under many conditions (such as areas that are not too cold or too hot) is available. At this time, the size of the glass wall block is smaller than the distance between the floors, and the glass wall block can be laid up and down (depending on the size of each wall block, one or more layers can be paved; the smaller the size of the wall block is, the more unfavorable for heat insulation), Each wall block should be bolted to the cable or tie rod.
  • the two ends of the connecting member 1 are respectively provided with rings a, b (see side view 39); It is fixed on the bolt of the glass wall (the heat insulation sleeve and the heat insulation ring should be respectively provided between the bolt and the nut, which is the same as the anti-theft lever in the energy-saving glass curtain wall implementation A above); the connecting member 2 is provided with a hole a1 , b1 and "U" bolts 3 (see top view 40, shown clearly in the figure, enlarged).
  • the connection between the cable or the tie rod and the floor can be completed by pre-embedded parts on the floor; the embedded parts can be set up with 4 perforated metal plates and connected in a two-dimensional adjustable manner in the door and window hinges (see the summary). 1Db and FIG. 10, and the implementation of the energy-saving room C and FIG. 27), so that the position of the cable or the tie rod can be adjusted in the front, rear, left and right directions.
  • the cable or tie rod needs to further prevent the wall from falling off on the basis of the structural rubber wall joint and can pull the whole weight; as long as it can achieve this purpose, the setting does not have to be too thick or too tight.
  • This glass curtain wall is not lower than that of any other glass curtain wall, and the design life can be greatly extended.
  • expansion joints shall be provided at regular intervals; in the vertical direction, the structure, material, climate and other relevant conditions of the house shall be investigated to determine whether or not to provide expansion joints. If the joint has a certain thickness and uses a flexible silicone structural adhesive, it can play a certain expansion joint function. If the telescoping of the house frame is larger than the wall, more detailed calculations and experiments are required.
  • temperred glass is used where people pass and stay.
  • Static glass walls are generally not subject to shocks and shocks such as doors and windows.
  • shocks and shocks such as doors and windows.
  • the outermost side for theft prevention
  • only a thick layer of glass can be placed on the innermost side; at the same time, the other layers of glass are greatly thinned, and Keep the frame between the glass from thinning. This minimizes the weight of the glass wall without reducing its overall strength and thermal insulation properties.
  • a thick layer of glass can be placed on the innermost side at the same time.
  • the outermost glass In areas with strong winds or high-rise buildings, if the outermost glass is a large piece of thin glass, it is necessary to focus on the calculation and test of the wind load to prevent the glass from being damaged by the wind; if the wind is too strong, it must be changed to the corresponding thickness. Glass with strength (the same is true for all exterior walls with thin glass below). When the glass wall is installed laterally or obliquely on the roof, the glass of the lowermost layer cannot be reduced in thickness; the glass of the middle layer can reduce the thickness; in the uppermost layer where it may be affected by hail, rain or snow load or wind load The glass must also have a corresponding thickness and strength (this applies to all glass roofing and other material roofing below).
  • the entire glass exterior wall has a light-transmissive function of the window, and the window on the glass outer wall is only necessary if there is no door on the wall in order to change the air.
  • Each layer of glass plates (except the outermost layer) of the wall block shall be provided with an air hole at the upper and lower ends for filling with inert gas, or for water vapor removal in the event of atomization in the cavity; if the wall area is small
  • the size of the pores can also be reduced accordingly, while using a colorless closure to avoid affecting the appearance.
  • the glass wall blocks built between the floors do not need bolts, cables, pull rods and other connecting parts, so the probability of falling is relatively increased; but if the personnel use the tempered glass completely in the past or stay, and in the house Install railings or protective nets near the glass façade (the same railings or protective nets must be provided for the thin glass walls installed outside the frame of the house), and the safety problem can be solved.
  • This glass block curtain wall is comparable to that of a framed glass curtain wall.
  • the advantage of the thin glass wall between the thin glass wall on the outside of the above-mentioned house frame and the floor of the house is that the cost is further reduced greatly, even lower than the decorative wall and the painted wall; and the appearance effect is not lower than any glass curtain wall. Coupled with its thermal insulation advantages, it may be more popular.
  • a thin glass wall can be laid on the inside of the original glass curtain wall and on the edge of the floor. Due to the increase in the weight of the wall, the load on the structure of the building and the foundation should be calculated and reinforced if necessary.
  • Thin glass block walls can also be used as interior partitions. At this point, the number of layers of glass can be reduced, and the smaller wall blocks are laid in the lower part and the larger ones are laid on the upper part.
  • the strength of this partition wall is limited, but it has many advantages such as low cost, light weight, heat insulation, sound insulation, beautiful appearance and fast paving speed.
  • the glass wall installed between the floors can be insulated with a layer of insulation on the structural frame of the indoor house. This can effectively reduce the effect of the cold and hot bridge caused by the structural frame; the best way is to
  • the glass wall is installed outside the frame of the house, or a short wall and a narrow wall which are identical to the glass wall structure and completely cover the frame are provided on the outside of the frame.
  • the short wall and the narrow wall may have two or more connecting holes in the middle (the annular spacer is arranged around the connecting hole to avoid the leakage of the inert gas in the cavity of each layer; and the strength at the connecting hole is ensured at the same time) ), and the connecting hole is placed on the bolt embedded or installed at the frame of the house, and then the gasket, the nut and the heat insulating cover are installed at the end of the bolt.
  • the thin glass block described above can also be installed as a lighting roof in a lateral or oblique direction on the roof.
  • the glass block in addition to the need to completely use tempered glass, the glass block must be mounted on a dense support structure; to install a large-area cemented glass block on a relatively sparse support structure, the lowermost One layer of glass is changed to thick tempered glass, and the middle layer can be thinner.
  • the upper layer should be determined according to the possibility of impact and rain and snow load and wind load.
  • the air bag can be placed in a convenient place and connected to the ventilation hole in the room or the pipe leading to the outside through a small pipe.
  • the round tube can be bonded with a structural adhesive on the glass panel at the indoor ventilation hole, and then the small tube of the airbag is fastened to the round tube.
  • the airbag will be propped up; when the glass cavity is cooled by the cold, the airbag will contract. If there are more holes in the wall, the tubules of the balloon can be branched.
  • the air bag and the air pipe should be sealed to ensure that no gas is wasted.
  • the airbag can be placed in a hollow partition wall.
  • the glass partition wall described in the implementation of the energy-saving glass curtain wall can serve as the task: as shown in Figs. 43, 44, a vertical port 2 is left inside the glass block 1; the size of the air bag 3 matches the block 1 and is smaller than the block.
  • Block 1 cavity, available from The vertical port 2 is placed in the cavity of the block 1 and can prevent the glass from being damaged when the air bag is full; the back of the air bag 3 is provided with a support rod to prevent it from sagging.
  • the airbag 3 is placed into the cavity from the vertical opening 2 at the time of installation, while the other end of the air tube 4 on the airbag 3 is passed through the cover strip 5, and then the cover strip 5 is sealed at the vertical opening 2.
  • the tracheal outlet on the cover strip 5 needs to be wider than the tracheal diameter so that the cavity of the block 1 itself is ventilated.
  • the cover strip 5 is made of a lightweight material such as plastic, and a fastener is provided to be easily removed and covered when the airbag 3 is observed or replaced.
  • the diameter of the gas pipe can be thinner and installed along the joint of the glass wall; at the same time, the glass block 1 can be made of frosted glass, embossed glass, or the like, or the airbag 3 can be made of a transparent material.
  • Each air bag and air tube should be regularly tested to avoid blockage or air leakage.
  • the above-mentioned energy-saving glass curtain wall, roof and door and window cavity adopts impervious and airtight insulation board in the place where no transparency is needed, and the heat insulation board fills the cavity, the ventilation hole, air pipe and air bag can be omitted.
  • the cavity does not need to be layered, and the intermediate layer glass can be omitted; as long as it reaches a sufficient total thickness, the predetermined heat insulation purpose can be achieved.
  • this approach comes at the expense of the transparent function of the glass and is therefore limited in scope.
  • the breathing mechanism of the exterior wall of the curtain wall and various brick walls and concrete walls with cavities described in B can be implemented, and the exhaust port can also be connected to the airbag.
  • the displacement of the exterior wall of the curtain wall in areas with large temperature changes and strong sunlight may be very large; if the airbag does not contain its displacement, it is still necessary to use a gas filter and place a water absorbing material in the cavity inside the wall.
  • the gas injection pipe When injecting inert gas into each of the glass walls of the glass curtain wall, the roof and the doors and windows, the gas injection pipe can be inserted into the air venting hole, and holes are formed in each layer of the cavity on the pipe to simultaneously inflate the layers. . If it is necessary to fill different layers of gas, separate the ventilation holes and separate them around the air holes in different cavities to avoid mixing of the gas; at this time, the bolt holes connecting the glass plates of each layer The same annular strip must also be installed at the same time, and it should be placed at each layer for partitioning.
  • other materials with low thermal conductivity can be used (for example, plexiglass can be used in areas where the climate is not too cold; plastic plates can be used where there is no need for transparency)
  • materials that have not been used for a long period of time they can be replaced regularly.
  • the assembly of various materials may also be carried out by means of welding or direct molding to form a structure which can arbitrarily stack the slab layers and control the distance between the slabs. Any insulation performance.
  • threaded connectors 1, 2 are embedded or mounted
  • the upper part of the outer side of the lower house frame (or floor slab), the threaded connectors 3, 4 are pre-buried or installed on the lower part of the outer side of the upper house frame (or floor slab); according to the weight of the wall and the size of the connecting piece, on the same wall
  • the number of connectors can be set to multiple. If the floor or frame is thick, the joints on the same layer can be aligned up and down, and vice versa (see Figure 7 for the vertically aligned connectors 1, 3. If the floor or frame is thin, the connectors 1, 3 can be up and down.
  • the wall 5 is provided with holes 6, 7, 8, 9 (front view 45), the positions of which correspond to the connectors 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively.
  • the connector is inserted into the connector (the upper and lower ends of the wall 5 should be provided with a handle), and then the gasket, the nut and the heat preservation cover are attached to the end of the connector; when the wall 5 is replaced, the wall 5 can be directly removed from the inside of the house.
  • the connecting members 1, 2, 3, 4 should be provided with a spherical crown shape 5a at the outer side of the wall 5 (the bottom surface thereof faces the wall and is concave, see enlarged side view 47), Then, it passes through the wall 5 and enters the inner side thereof and is fitted with a gasket, a nut, etc.; at the same time, the holes 6, 7, 8, 9 of the wall 5 should be provided with a convex surface 5b on the outer side, and the convex surface is placed on the spherical surface of the connecting member. Therefore, the rainwater cannot flow into the hole of the wall 5 along the connecting member.
  • the holes 6, 7, 8, and 9 are provided with a recess 5c at the root of the outer convex portion so that the rainwater outside the wall 5 cannot flow into the hole along the panel when it flows downward.
  • the outer frame of the house frame or the slab needs to be installed with the insulating block 10 (see front view 46).
  • the structure and material thereof can be the same as that of the wall 5, and the area should cover the distance between the upper and lower walls, and the outer side is
  • the embedded parts of the wall 5 can be extended slightly upwards and downwards respectively to cover the embedded parts (see enlarged side view 47).
  • the connection of the insulating block 10 can be completed by the connectors 11, 12 embedded or mounted on the outside of the frame (or floor) (see front view 46); the positions of the connectors 11, 12 need to correspond to the holes in the insulating block 10, thus It is also required to be fixed by the model of the insulating block 10 when it is embedded or installed.
  • the insulating block 10 When the insulating block 10 is installed, it is inserted into the connectors 11, 12, and then the gasket, the nut, and the rain cover 10a are screwed at the end of the connector (see enlarged side view 47). After the rain cover 10a is tightened, its edge should enter the corresponding recess 10b of the heat insulating block 10, so that rainwater cannot enter the connecting hole in the heat insulating block. If the area of the heat insulating block 10 is large, a plurality of connecting holes may be provided thereon, and a plurality of connecting members may be provided on the house frame or the floor.
  • the movable elastic sealing strip is embedded thereon to close the gap between the upper and lower sides of the wall.
  • an elastic barrier strip should be vertically disposed on the left and right sides of the wall; the barrier strip should be at the same height as the wall, and can be narrowed on the side of the wall. Installed with a wide groove.
  • the distance between the barrier strip on the left side of the wall and the panel should be different from the distance on the right side, so that two barrier strips are formed between the adjacent walls.
  • the barrier strips need to be able to cross each other by their elasticity, otherwise the thickness should be reduced.
  • the main function of the barrier strip is to block the rain, and its thickness is more than half of the gap between the walls. If the gap between the two adjacent insulating blocks 10 is large, the elastic barrier strip can also be installed in the same manner.
  • the wall 5, the insulating block 10, and the extending portion of the insulating block 10 covering the embedded part need to have a drainage groove at the top, and the drainage groove should be arranged along the inner side and the two sides, and inclined on both sides to the outside so as to The rainwater is led to the outside; at the same time, the wall 5, the insulating block 10, and the insulating block 10 cover the extended part of the embedded part, and a vertical drainage groove is required on both sides, and the drainage groove should be along the inner side.
  • Both the wall 5 and the bottom surface of the heat insulating block 10 should have a certain inclination to the outside so as to make the inner high and the outer low, and prevent the rain from flowing to the inner side.
  • the air venting hole must be connected with the air bag; when replacing the wall body and the heat insulating block, the inert gas can be discharged into the new one by means of water injection. Wall and insulation block. If the cavity is filled with a water-tight, gas-tight insulation material, the ventilation hole and the air pipe and the air bag can be omitted.
  • the installation and disassembly of the above-mentioned wall body 5 and the heat insulating block 10 are greatly simplified and the strength is higher than that of the conventional scaffolding and keel, and the installation and decoration of the outer wall can be carried out indoors, thereby greatly increasing the construction speed. .
  • the construction does not limit the height of the building, but all personnel working on the edge of the floor must be connected to a strong seat belt, and the ground must be isolated within the scope of work.
  • the above-mentioned suspended installation can be changed to lateral or diagonal installation: mounting on the roof keel
  • the connecting rod is upwardly or obliquely upward, and then the wall is laid flat or inclined, and the connecting hole on the connecting rod is placed on the connecting rod, and then the gasket, the nut and the heat insulating cover are installed at the end of the connecting rod.
  • the wall that is laid flat or inclined (for convenience, hereinafter referred to as the roofing body) should be convex on the upper side of each connecting hole, and a groove should be formed at the root of the convex surface to prevent rainwater from flowing into the connecting hole.
  • each roofing body there should be a slight gap between each roofing body, and a plurality of small cylinders (the top of which should be thicker than the root) should be placed along the adjacent roofing body and there will be two rows of small round holes (the inner diameter should be A movable elastic sealing strip having an upper portion larger than the lower portion and corresponding to the cylindrical body is embedded thereon to close the gap between the two adjacent roofing bodies.
  • each roofing body should be provided with a drainage trough along the gap, and the contact surface of the elastic sealing strip and the roofing body should be inclined to the drainage trough; the adjacent eaves should be connected to each other through an aqueduct (aqueduct)
  • the cross section shall be the same as the drain groove, and may be "U” or "V" shape, and welded or cemented on the drain grooves on both sides.
  • the drain groove Set the same concave surface as the outer cross section of the aqueduct and embed both ends of the aqueduct into the concave surface to finally discharge the rainwater into the roof gutter or outside the eaves.
  • the roof In order to facilitate drainage, the roof should not be set to a full level, but a certain slope is required.
  • the roof For the roof of the parapet wall, the roof should be placed on the gutter; the gutter should have sufficient capacity and adequate downpipes to avoid heavy rain or snow melting.
  • the roof For roofs without a parapet, the roof should be placed over the top of the façade and beyond its position for drainage. For other shapes and structures, the roof should be set according to the specific conditions.
  • the cavity of the above-mentioned roofing body is filled with gas, it is also necessary to connect the cavity of each layer to the airbag through the ventilation hole; if the cavity is filled with a water-tight and airtight heat insulating material, the same can be omitted. Ventilation holes and trachea, air bags.
  • the installation of the above-mentioned roofing body can be carried out indoors, and the construction personnel do not have to climb to the roof: the roofing body can be jacked up on the floor of the highest floor of the house (or hoisted by a temporary bracket), and then moved to the position of the connecting rod to position it. Lower and insert the connecting rod for all subsequent installation work.
  • the last roofing body shall be installed at the highest point and provided with a small area to allow sufficient clearance between the adjacent roofing bodies for easy operation; a lateral slot shall be provided at the bottom for the surrounding Place insulation cotton in the gap and secure it with a lateral insert.
  • the gasket, the nut and the heat preservation cover are installed at the end of the connecting rod (if there is a gasket, a nut, etc., the hand is dropped on the roof, and the roof body should be removed to avoid the safety hazard);
  • the aqueduct is placed in place, it is welded or cemented; then a wide sealing strip with a plurality of pull wires and recessed holes on the bottom surface (the pull wires and the recessed holes are to be provided at the respective connecting holes of the wide sealing strip) are inserted into the cylinders on both sides of the gap through the wire (After aligning the position of the sealing strip, a small rod can be placed in the concave hole.
  • the cylinder can have a smaller diameter at the upper end, the middle portion is thicker, the lower portion is thinner); and finally there will be no debris.
  • a piece of insulation cotton or a wrapped bulk insulation cotton is filled into the gap around the roofing body, and a lightweight insert made of plastic or the like is inserted into the bottom slot (the inserting plate should be provided with a fastener for preventing it from slipping out) ) to avoid the insulation cotton falling.
  • This type of indoor installation can make the construction of the roof more convenient.
  • a structure such as a patio and a foyer
  • the foyer is directly connected to the roof, and the supporting structure of the roof can carry people.
  • the installation of the roof and the foyer is more suitable for the roof (all installed The operator must be connected to the seat belt and must have a multi-layered safety net underneath; if the roof support structure is not manned, a platform to be installed on the lower part is required.
  • the installation method of the above roof can also be changed to the upside down type: a connecting rod pointing downward or obliquely downward is mounted on the roof keel, and the root of the connecting rod is formed into a spherical crown shape (the bottom surface thereof is downward and concave); The roof body is lifted horizontally or obliquely, and the connecting rod is inserted into the connecting hole, and the convex portion on the upper side of the connecting hole is pushed to the spherical surface of the connecting rod root, so that the rainwater cannot flow into the connecting hole along the connecting rod; The end of the end is fitted with a gasket, a nut, and a heat insulating cover.
  • the connecting rods must be able to fully carry the weight of the roofing body and be placed in pairs around (assuming one of the pair of connecting rods is damaged and the other must be able to bear its weight separately).
  • the last roofing body should also be provided with a small area and installed at the highest point in the same way as the last roofing body installed in the above-mentioned room; however, the gap between the adjacent roofing body and the adjacent roofing body can be small. Because it is not necessary to go through this gap to install the gasket, nut, etc. on the upper side.
  • This upside-down type makes the installation and disassembly of the roof more suitable for indoor use, and can be easily installed or replaced at any part of the roof except for the patio of the multi-storey building and the foyer of the straight-through roof.
  • the use of plexiglass, plastics, etc. to produce the above-mentioned walls, roofs or doors and windows the material can not be used to release harmful substances, must fully meet the safety standards; at the same time must fully meet the fire prevention standards, to prevent flammable, explosive varieties.
  • the products used in the room are the same, for the sake of convenience, will not be repeated.
  • the weight is very light, the cost is very low, the color is very rich, and the structural strength and heat preservation function can be in no way inferior to other materials; Very short (generally no more than 10 years, the roof is shorter).
  • a hole may be provided in the inner side of the door and window and the nut may be embedded in the hole, and then the fastening plate in FIGS. 9 and 10 is bolted. 2 fixed on the door and window.
  • the fastening plate 1 or 2 can be set long and can be provided with a symmetrical cylinder a on both sides thereof, and two symmetrical metal plates e are placed on the door frame or the window frame to sandwich the two cylinders a, thereby making it tight
  • the solid plates 1, 2 support a wide range of doors and windows without having to increase the thickness of the door and window panels. Connections such as door locks and window latches can also be achieved by embedding the nut.
  • the wall and roof, doors and windows, etc. produced by the above-mentioned plexiglass, plastic, etc. are used for the thermal insulation decoration of the built house, and the installation and disassembly are very convenient except for the installation of the security door and the security window where necessary.
  • the insulation performance can be no less than any other energy-saving room, and the service life can be extended due to the protection and shielding of the original building.
  • the construction cost is very low, and it can have a good interior decoration effect (the plexiglass, plastic, etc. have advantages in terms of optical properties, color, plasticity, etc.) during the use period.
  • the walls of the walls and the roof body can be made thin.
  • the whole building only needs to be installed on the inside of the outer wall by hanging, the roofing body is laid on the bracket under the slope roof, and the roofing body is upside down on the lower side of the flat roof.
  • the underside is subjected to the upside down of this material (the structure is the same as that of the roofing body, hereinafter referred to as the floor layer), and the doors and windows are replaced with such energy-saving windows and doors (or such energy-saving doors and windows are installed at the original door and window).
  • the wall, the roofing body, the floor layer, the door and window can eliminate the drainage groove and the weather block, but the sealing strip must be retained.
  • Chemical bolts or welds can be applied in their hanging or upside down installations; chemically bolted or welded can also be used in fixed installations such as roofing in tiled installations.
  • the chemical bolt can be fixed by the nut (the connecting rod can be set to "L" shape, the lower part is set on the chemical bolt), and then the connecting rod is passed through the connecting hole of the wall, the roof body, etc., and then connected
  • the end of the rod is equipped with a gasket, a nut, and a heat insulating cover.
  • Two adjacent connecting rods can be provided as a "U" shaped connecting piece with holes at the bottom and sharing a chemical bolt.
  • Chemical bolts should be avoided on the structural frame of the house; if the width of the structural frame on the outer wall is large, chemical bolts can be placed away from the edge and the connecting holes on the wall to be installed are placed at the corresponding positions.
  • the roof and floor are cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs, they can be perforated and bolted from the upper side to connect the light steel crossbar below (the bolt holes should be cut out on the floor) Nut space to avoid nutring Out, causing the floor to be uneven.
  • the light connecting rod pointing downward is placed on the light steel crossbar through the upper end of the hoop, and then the connecting hole of the roof body and the floor layer is hung on the crossbar through the lightweight connecting rod (
  • the lower end of the lightweight connecting rod should be provided with a light nut or the like.
  • the wall and roof, floor, door and window of the built house are insulated and decorated with very light materials such as plastic film, the installation and disassembly are more convenient than the above-mentioned plexiglass, plastic and other panels.
  • the film cavity is filled with a heat insulating plate, the thickness of the cavity wall can be as long as the weight of the heat insulating plate can be carried, and the heat insulating plate must have a certain rigidity and maintain the desired appearance; if the film cavity is filled with gas The thickness of the cavity wall is as long as it can avoid air leakage, and its contour is determined by the shape after inflation. Filling the gas can save cost without filling the insulation material without reducing the insulation effect and appearance.
  • a hard hollow rib 1 can be used on the upper side (see front view 48 and side view 49, plastic for ribs)
  • the light material is made to ensure that the film 3 under the connecting rod 2 does not sag; at the same time, the air pipe 4 spanning the layers is arranged on the rib 1 (if the gas injected in each layer is different, the air pipe needs to be separately provided);
  • Each layer of the cavity in the wall can be separated by a strip shape, and the strips arranged side by side are connected to a total strip perpendicular thereto, and the total strip is connected with the trachea 4;
  • the connection hole of the film soft wall should be placed in the rib 1; the connection on the original wall should reach the top of the wall so that the soft wall of the film also reaches the top.
  • the gap between the rib 1 at the top of the soft wall and the ceiling may be filled with a material such as a sponge. Materials such as sponges should not completely close their voids, but leave a certain interval so that a small amount of air at the original wall is thermally expanded and contracted.
  • the two adjacent soft walls can be closed by a zipper.
  • a closed strip may be arranged at the two ends of the soft wall to reach the partition wall, and the double-sided adhesive is attached to the back of the closed strip and attached to the partition wall.
  • the lower end of the soft wall can also be provided with a closing strip and attached to the floor in the same way. Decorative edging can be applied to the zipper and closure strip.
  • a reflective film should be provided on the inner side of the soft wall to block heat radiation.
  • the outer side of the soft wall can be set with a variety of colors, borders, patterns, etc., to create a good indoor effect. It can also be made transparent where needed. In addition, this soft wall is also easy to use light scattering to design a variety of atmospheres.
  • the gas can be injected through its trachea. Different gases need to be connected to different air pipes. After the gas is filled, the other end of the trachea must be connected to the air bag.
  • the air bag can be set as the pressure air bag in Fig. 50: the top of the air bag 1 is provided with a plurality of gravity packs 2, which are filled with water and can be opened or closed by a screw cap 3 (similar to a breakfast soy milk bag). Each gravity pack is connected to cover the entire top of the airbag.
  • the weight of the top water injection bag is enough to prevent the airbag from being propped up in a cold weather, and the airbag or the soft wall, the air pipe, etc.
  • the individual cavities of the soft wall can remain open at all times. Since the height of the single pressure airbag cannot be too large, a plurality of pressure airbags can be placed side by side or layered on the shelf; a plurality of vertical rods can be arranged around the airbag so that the airbag can be blocked from the vertical rod when the airbag is inflated or the exhaust gas is lowered. Within the range, to avoid tilting or rolling; if the bottom of the airbag is set as a hard plate, its position can be further fixed.
  • each air pipe should be separately provided; the cavities of each layer should be separated by a strip shape, and the structure is the same as that of the soft wall; at the same time, each air pipe needs to be connected with a pressure air bag.
  • Each roofing or floor layer can be closed by a zipper.
  • a closure strip can be placed at the outer wall and attached to the inside of the outer wall in the same manner as the soft wall described above. Decorative edging can be applied to the zipper and closure strip. If the roof or floor is airtight, the underlying roof or floor should not be completely closed. A small number of holes can be placed in the closing strip to allow the air in the upper part to be hot-cold.
  • the same reflective film as the above-mentioned soft wall and a variety of colors, borders, patterns, light effects, and the like should be provided.
  • the insulation of the door only needs to be carried out on the external wall door or the door directly connected to the outside; most of them do not need to remove the existing door, as long as the "L" shaped connecting rod is installed behind the original door and the above film insulation is suspended (also That is, the above-mentioned soft wall, roofing body, etc.). If the door is susceptible to impact, materials such as foam-filled sheets can provide greater impact resistance than the fill gas.
  • the "L"-shaped connecting rod of the film insulation can be placed on the upper and lower sides of the door at the same time to facilitate the fixing of the film insulation; the end of the "L"-shaped connecting rod should be equipped with an insulating cover to simultaneously insulate and cushion the accidental collision.
  • the film insulation should have room for operation at the position of the door lock and the handle. If necessary, it can be set as a hole with a heat-insulating plug that can be opened and closed.
  • the insulation of the window generally does not require the removal of the existing window, as long as the above-mentioned film insulation is suspended.
  • a frame may be provided along the side of the wall on the inner side of the original window, and the upper end of the frame is connected to the wall; the upper and lower ends of the frame are provided with "L" shaped connecting rods and the film insulation is installed by means of the above door.
  • the frame can be supported or pulled up when opened (can be raised or pulled more than 90 degrees when fully opened).
  • the frame only needs to support the weight of the film insulation and can be set lightly; it should have a sufficiently strong connection with the outer wall (two or more strip connectors can be vertically fixed above the window by chemical bolts)
  • a horizontal circular hole is provided, and at the same time, a corresponding circular hole is arranged on the upper side of the frame to form a hinge structure.
  • a handle can be provided on the lower side of the frame, and the film insulation can be used to leave room for operation at the handle. If the hinge structure of the frame is set on the side, the strength of the frame needs to be correspondingly increased to avoid deformation.
  • each cavity in the film insulation can be set as a built-in telescopic airbag: as shown in FIG. 53 (cross-sectional view), the cavity 1 is partitioned into a plurality of collapsible airbags 2; the wall 3 of the airbag 2 It should be softer than the wall 4, so that the wall 3 is folded and the wall 4 is firm when the airbag is cold contracted; the airbags 2 of the same layer can be provided with a small hole at each end to communicate with each other for inflation; if each of the film insulation The gas filled in the layer cavity is different, and the layers cannot communicate with each other.
  • Inflation should generally be done on site to reduce the volume during transportation; the amount of inflation should be such that the built-in airbag does not rupture due to expansion when it reaches the highest temperature in the area of use, and does not cause deformation of the insulation when it reaches the lowest temperature in the area of use.
  • the wall of the bladder should have sufficient strength to allow it to compress the gas accordingly.
  • the upper end of the hollow rib can be provided with a sliding bar: as shown in Fig.
  • the hollow of the film heat insulator 1 A plurality of sliding bars 3 are disposed on the lower side of the rib 2; a surface film (a film farthest from the original wall) 4 is fixed at one end of the sliding bar 3, and other layers of the film 5, 6, 7 and the like can pass through the hole at the upper end thereof. Free sliding on the slide bar 3. If the surface layer of the film insulation is not flat enough, a plurality of ribs may be formed thereon to form a frame or a mesh surface, and rolled into a cylindrical shape during transportation.
  • the built-in airbag as a non-retractable compression airbag: the cavity of each layer of the film insulation is divided into smaller airbags, and simulate Use the lowest temperature in the area or compress the gas to the same density as the lowest temperature, then inflate and seal each airbag.
  • the airbags must be disconnected from each other (even in the same layer of cavities). The smaller the volume of each airbag, the larger the ratio of the wall thickness to the volume, and thus the stronger the ability to compress the gas, the less likely it is to break.
  • the wall thickness, volume, and density of the gas in the bladder should be set for different areas of use so that the gas filled at the lowest temperature is compressed in the same volume at the highest temperature without The method causes the balloon to rupture or deform.
  • each airbag can be set in a strip shape, which is connected to the side or the outer surface of the film insulation, and the air holes are provided on the side or the exterior; Fill the airbag with the corresponding air pressure according to the temperature of the construction site and seal it.
  • the thin film insulation of the built-in compression airbag can also be applied to roofing, flooring, doors and windows.
  • the film insulation can be provided in various forms, but the film structure of any layer and any cavity thickness does not change.
  • the external pressure airbag is beneficial to save materials, and the built-in telescopic airbag is the second; the built-in thermal insulation board is advantageous for the fixed shape, and the built-in compression airbag is the second.
  • Each method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and scope of application.
  • the film structure is removed in the insulation decoration of the built house, it can also be replaced by a heat insulation board.
  • the thermal insulation board is directly used for indoor installation without a film structure, and the material and appearance thereof are required to meet higher requirements than the thermal insulation board used for filling, so that the cost is increased, and the replacement of the film is also inferior to the replacement of the film. easily.
  • this method of directly using the heat insulation board can also be applied. In this way, the seal between the plates can be completed by the male and female grooves (one side is convex, the corresponding side is concave, and the two sides are close together to seal).
  • the weight is larger than that of plexiglass and plastic, but the weight can be greatly reduced by greatly reducing the inner glass, and the above-mentioned hanging type and horizontal type can be applied.
  • roofing, and insulation properties, strength and appearance are no less than any of the other forms of materials and installations mentioned above, and can be put into permanent use. Such glass walls and roofs, doors and windows are likely to be more popular.
  • the joints on the door and window hinges (see the content of the invention 1Db, Fig. 9, 10), door locks, window latches, etc. can be fixed on the door leaf or window sash by bolts, washers, nuts, etc. in the production process of the door and window, and then The production of doors and windows is completed by welding or the like.
  • the fastening plate 1 or 2 can be set very long, A symmetrical cylinder a can be provided on both sides thereof and the two cylinders can be simultaneously connected to the door frame or the window frame, so that the fastening plates 1, 2 can support a wide door and window.
  • the glass wall and roofing, doors and windows produced by the direct molding method are used to carry out the thermal insulation decoration of the built house, the installation and disassembly are also relatively convenient, and the thermal insulation performance can be no less than any other energy-saving room, and Put into permanent use.
  • its thick glass panel eliminates the need to install security doors and windows.
  • its weight is large, and it should be combined with the above-mentioned wall and roof produced by plexiglass, plastic, etc., and can be mainly applied to doors and windows.
  • the bolts can be pre-embedded in the corresponding position of the concrete frame (the nut can be embedded in the concrete) for later installation of short walls, narrow walls, and decorative surfaces for insulation.
  • a large number of chemical bolts and the like cannot be driven into the concrete frame during the exterior decoration. If it is a steel frame, the bolts should also be set in advance.
  • the decorative joint can be fastened to the bolt with a nut when decorating. This method is convenient for the installation of the metal plate finish, because the back is easy to install the joint by welding or the like. If a stone panel or a ceramic panel or the like is to be installed, the embedded part in Figs. 17, 18 (invention 2B) may be buried in the concrete frame or pre-installed on the steel structure. If it is a low-rise building, it can also be decorated by means of pasting porcelain plates, and the embedded parts are omitted.
  • the decoration of the frame needs to be carried out before the installation of the glass wall, in order to facilitate the transportation and installation of the material.
  • the smaller-thickness bricks may be laid at a certain height in the larger-sized concrete blocks, and the components a, b, and components in FIGS. 17, 18 will be laid.
  • A1 and b1 are buried in their joints.
  • These brick or small concrete blocks may have several layers, the total thickness of which allows the metal plate g1 in Figure 17 to move up and down sufficiently; at the same time, the position of these bricks or small concrete blocks is to be matched with stone panels (or other materials).
  • the dimensions of the panel correspond (can be laid down the horizontal seam of the panel).
  • the joints of the interior walls of the curtain wall bricks can be pre-buried on the other side of the wall, and the contents of the previous (energy-saving room implementation B) curtain wall brick exterior wall technology expansion are applied.
  • the curtain wall brick is located on the inside, it does not affect the implementation of its technology.
  • One panel can be fixed by four stepped metal plates.
  • the position and installation sequence of these metal plates can be as follows: see Fig. 55, the metal plates g1, g2 on the lower side of the panel 1 are outside, and the upper metal plates g3, g4 are installed inside; then the metal plate g5 of the panel 2, G6 is outside, g7, g8 are installed inside; and so on. In this way, it is possible to prevent the upper row of connectors from blocking the operation of the lower row when adjusting the nut and the nut.
  • the two bolts f11, f22 on the stepped metal plate g1 should abut the metal plate in the up and down direction while being on the nut
  • the side should be set horizontal to increase the support surface of the metal plate g1.
  • the rods of the bolts f11 and f22 should be square or pentagon, etc., and pass through the matching holes on the metal plate g1 to prevent them from rotating on the metal plate g1; the bolts are square (or pentagon, etc.)
  • the length of the part should be the same as the thickness of the metal plate g1. If there is an excess, the gasket can be added when the nut is installed.
  • the elongated sleeve 1 should have a sufficiently long connecting rod 2 to reach the lower row of nuts and nuts.
  • the transmission sleeve can adopt the following structure: see Figs. 57 and 58, the gear 1 is fixed to the lower end of the metal rod 2 through the rotating shaft a (see rear view 57); the gear 3 is fixed to the upper part of the metal rod 2 through the rotating shaft b; the chain 4 is connected to the gear 1, 3; the turntable 5 is fixed on the gear 3; the sleeve 6 is fixed on the gear 1 (see side view 58); the upper part of the metal rod 2 is provided with a handle 7.
  • the following structure of the transmission wrench can be used: see Figs. 59 and 60, the rear portion of the hollow gear 1 is a groove a (see side view 59).
  • the semi-circular connector b is an intrinsic part of the metal rod 2
  • the semi-circular connecting piece b1 is an additional part
  • the gear 1 can be rotated at the lower end of the metal rod 2
  • the hollow metal piece c is mounted on the gear 1
  • the hollow metal piece c can be placed over the nut or The nut is rotated and rotated
  • the gear 3 is fixed to the upper portion of the metal rod 2 through the rotating shaft d
  • the chain 4 is connected to the gears 1, 3
  • the turntable 5 is fixed to the gear 3
  • the upper portion of the metal rod 2 is provided with the handle 6.
  • the transmitted wrench can also be mounted with a sleeve at its hollow metal sheet c, and the sleeve is oriented in the opposite direction to the transmission sleeve 6 of Fig. 58, thereby facilitating the operation of the transmission sleeve: the turntable 5 can be rotated simultaneously and Push the sleeve 6 forward.
  • a bearing can be installed therein (the following transmission wrenches are the same).
  • the double lengthening sleeve is used for rotating the vertical nut, and the structure in Figs. 61 and 62 can be used: the lower ends of the rotating rods 1, 2 are respectively equipped with gears a, b and sleeves 3, 4 (see front view 61 and top view of the gears) 62); the lower end of the rotating rod 5 is provided with a gear c, and the upper end is provided with a handle 6.
  • the gear c can simultaneously drive the gears d, e and the gears a, b to rotate, thereby rotating the sleeves 3, 4.
  • the resistance of the nut is large, the diameter ratio of the gears a, b to the gear c can be increased; the length of the crossbar on the handle 6 can also be lengthened, and a crossbar of the corresponding length can be provided on the upper side of the frame 7. Since the distance between the double lengthened sleeves is not easily adjustable, the distance between the nuts needs to be unified in the manufacturing, or the distance is set to several models.
  • the transverse double-drive wrench is used to rotate the inner and outer nut.
  • the structure in Fig. 63 can be used: the rear part of the hollow gears 1, 2 is a groove (like the single transmission wrench in Figs. 59 and 60), and is connected by a semicircle.
  • the pieces are respectively fixed at the lower end of the metal rod 3; the hollow gears 1 and 2 are rotatable at the lower end of the metal rod 3; the hollow gears 1 and 2 are respectively provided with hollow metal sheets; the hollow metal sheets can be sleeved on the nut and rotated;
  • the gear 4 is fixed to the upper portion of the metal rod 3 through a rotating shaft; the chain 5 is connected to the gears 1, 2, 4; the turntable 6 is fixed to the gear 4; the upper end of the metal rod 3 is provided with a hand Handle 7.
  • the gears 1, 2 can be driven to rotate at the same time. If the resistance of the nut is large, the diameter ratio of the gears 1, 2 to the gear 4 can be increased; the diameter of the turntable 6 can also be increased.
  • the vertical double-drive wrench is used to rotate the transverse nut.
  • the structure in Figures 64 and 65 can be used: the rear part of the hollow gears 1, 2 is a groove (like the single-drive wrench in Figures 59 and 60), the hollow gear 1 The groove is fixed to the lower end of the metal rod 3 by a semi-circular connecting member, and the groove of the hollow gear 2 is fixed to the middle portion of the metal rod 3 through the semi-circular connecting member b, the double rail b1, and the pull rod b2 (see rear view) 64); the gears 1, 2 can be rotated on the metal rod 3; by the up and down movement of the rod b2, the semi-circular connecting member b can be pulled to move between the guide rails b1, thereby adjusting the distance between the hollow gears 1, 2 to adapt Various changes in the distance between the nut (these changes are caused by the thickness of the brick and the brick joint); the hollow gears 1 and 2 are each provided with a hollow metal sheet c; the hollow metal sheet c can be placed
  • the groove 6a at both ends thereof is to open the chain 7 so that the gear 2 is disengaged from the chain so as to be pulled up and down, and the fastener 8 is prevented from being blocked on the metal rod 3 to prevent it.
  • the blocking member 8a is prevented from rotating; after the gear 2 is pulled to its corresponding nut position and put on, the fastener 8 is released, and the rotating rod 6 is turned to a position parallel to the metal rod 3 and the fastener is fastened.
  • the 8 card is fixed on the blocking member 8b.
  • the rotating rod 6 When the rotating rod 6 is rotated parallel to the metal rod 3, the rotating shaft d is pushed to the highest position; when the rotating rod 6 is turned perpendicular to the metal rod 3, the rotating shaft d is pulled to the lowest position; the connecting rod 5 and the rotating rod 6 are The position of the connection points can be different so that the rotation axis d can be moved by different distances between the guide rails d1, and the distance should be equal to the distance that the rotary rod 6 needs to be lowered when the chain 7 is opened, so that the chain 7 does not leave the gears 1, 4 at all times.
  • the turntable 9 is fixed to the gear 4 (the side of the turntable 9 is cut away in the front view 65 to show the internal structure).
  • the handle 10 is provided at the upper end of the metal rod 3.
  • the gears 1, 2 When the turntable 9 is rotated, the gears 1, 2 can be driven to rotate at the same time. If the resistance of the nut is large, the diameter ratio of the gears 1, 2 to the gear 4 can be increased, and the diameter of the turntable 9 can also be increased.
  • the cross section of the fastener 8 is shown in Fig. 66: the spring 1 can push the blocking plate 2 of the fastener downward; when the clamping plate 3 and the fixing plate 4 are clamped by hand, the blocking plate 2 can be lifted; the fixing plate 4 is connected to the rotating rod 5 on.
  • the double drive sleeve is used to rotate the transverse nut and can be set as a double drive wrench, but it is generally not needed.
  • Fig. 67, 68 the big end of the rotating nut or nut d 1
  • the cross section is a polygonal shape for connecting a sleeve or a wrench
  • the small end 2 has a circular cross section for connecting and rotating the circular hole in the fixing member 3
  • the small end 2 is grooved 4, the groove 5
  • the groove 4, 5 is deeper, but the rotating nut can not be deeper than the wall thickness to expose the hole, the rotation nut can not be deeply affected by the strength of the rod
  • the wall thickness or diameter at the location should not be too small, so that the grooves 4, 5 do not reach a sufficient depth
  • the grooves 4 and 5 are parallel in direction and have a square cross section for inserting the welded part 6.
  • the thickness of the spacer 7 is such that the rotating nut or nut d is stably connected to the fixing member 3 without leaving a gap, and the inner diameter of the circular hole in the fixing member 3 is exactly matched with the small end 2 of the rotating nut or nut d. This will prevent it from loosening and accurately mount the panel of the curtain wall in place.
  • the fixing nuts d22, d33 in Fig. 18 cannot be replaced by screw holes in the member g (unless the entire member g is used with the nut)
  • the same material and process manufacturing because the screw hole strength on ordinary steel is lower than the nut, if the screw hole is damaged during use, it is not easy to replace.
  • the outer frame of the same shape as the nut can be arranged at the corresponding position on the member g, and the height of the outer frame can reach half of the nut; then the nut and the other half are placed.
  • the outer frame of the hole (for passing through the member f or f1); finally the two parts of the outer frame are welded around.
  • the cavity, insulation layer and inner wall can be set on the inner side of the original wall by applying the curtain wall inner wall technology.
  • the metal connector can be installed by referring to the method in the foregoing invention 2D (Fig. 19, 20, 21); if the original wall has sufficient strength and the interior wall material to be installed is light, it can be installed indoors by chemical bolts.
  • the connecting piece if the material is very light (even if it is collapsed, it is not dangerous), you can also install the connecting piece by using the expansion bolt. When hitting chemical bolts or expansion bolts, avoid the structural beams of the house and avoid the facilities inside the wall with a steel bar scanner.
  • connection of the chemical bolt or the expansion bolt can be carried out in the manner of Figs. 69, 70, 71, 72: a hole 2 can be provided at one end of the connecting member 1 (see front view 69), and the other end is provided with a hole 3 (see front view 69 and side). View 70); after the chemical bolt or expansion bolt is set, the hole 2 is placed thereon to fix the connecting member 1 to the wall; and the two connecting members 1 are installed, and the bolt 4 can be fixed through the hole 3.
  • the foregoing (Specific Embodiment 1B) façade brick exterior wall technology expansion can also be applied, and the opposite direction (the curtain wall brick is placed on the inside) to further improve its thermal insulation performance, or reduce weight and reduce Construction link.
  • the load on the structure and foundation of the building needs to be calculated, and the structure and foundation reinforcement can be carried out if necessary.
  • the interior wall is made of light steel keel gypsum board, the strength will be greatly reduced, and the cost is not advantageous; but its weight is lighter than the inner wall of various materials (excluding the thin lightweight concrete inner wall), in the structure or It can also be applied to houses with limited foundation load capacity.
  • the existing decorative wall and the painted wall are insulated and decorated, it can be carried out in the same manner as above (implementation D of energy-saving stone curtain wall, ceramic curtain wall, metal curtain wall, etc.).
  • High-efficiency energy-saving houses including energy-saving doors and windows, curtain walls, decorative walls, stucco walls, etc. constructed by the above-mentioned processes, and insulation layers are added to the external walls and floors, and the thermal insulation layer thereof The cost is not high; the curtain wall brick exterior wall adds hollow curtain wall bricks, and its cost is also low; stone curtain wall, ceramic curtain wall, metal curtain wall, etc.

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Abstract

一种节能房，门窗、外墙或屋面有任意层的隔热板块，组合后隔热性能达到设保温层的砖墙或混凝土外墙同等的水平；房屋所有部分均覆盖有保温结构，幕墙采用直接连接或直接铺砌的方式，板材保温结构可用薄膜结构代替。该房屋隔热保温，节能效果明显。

Description

一种节能房及节能幕墙、装饰墙、粉刷墙 技术领域
本节能房及节能幕墙、装饰墙、粉刷墙属于建筑领域。
背景技术
1)在现代建筑中，能源的消耗包括照明、取暖、空调、烹饪、电视，等等；其中取暖与空调所耗的能源超过一半。同时，新潮的建筑大都使用幕墙，其散热速度是砖墙的数倍；如果此类建筑的发展速度过快，不久即可出现能源短缺。建筑的节能是一个刻不容缓的问题。
建筑的屋面由于太阳的照射，夏天容易造成过热。这方面已经形成了比较成熟的保温技术：在屋面设置保温层、防水层等。
建筑外墙的保温过去依靠加厚砖墙或夯土墙的厚度。现代建筑由于承重、节省材料等要求已逐渐淘汰实心砖墙与夯土墙；其外墙保温基本有三种技术：1.墙外加设保温层；2.墙中加设保温层；3.墙内加设保温层。其中墙外设保温层时，在保温层之上还得安装保护层；由于保温层多为柔性或发泡材料，保护层的外观与牢固度难以保证。墙内设保温层时，亦存在同样的问题。墙中设保护层时，可应用幕墙砖外墙技术(专利号ZL201520197548.X)，能有效地解决保温、外观、强度等问题。
地板的保温类似屋面的保温，也需安装保温层、防水层等；地板需架在托梁上，以便走人、载物。
对于节能而言，建筑门窗的保温是一个与外墙保温同样关键的环节，因为门窗的面积往往占外墙总面积的一半左右。普通的木门、金属门、中空玻璃窗等，其传热系数都大大高于设保温层的砖墙或混凝土外墙，而成为隔热的瓶颈。要使门窗的隔热达到后者同样的水平，是一个具有挑战性的问题。只有妥善解决这个问题，才能使门窗的保温与幕墙砖外墙技术及屋面、地板保温技术等相结合，真正实现房屋的高效节能，并实现低建设成本，从而可推广。反之，只要在建筑的整个围护结构中出现这种隔热瓶颈，不管其他部分的保温性能如何好，都会使整体的隔热无法完善。同时，若单纯追求保温而不顾经济成本，虽能达到目的，但不能推广。这些都是业内迄今尚未解决的难题。
2)现代幕墙包括玻璃幕墙、石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙、及其他材料的幕墙。这些幕墙的优势是美观、大气，形成了现代都市的风格；其劣势是成本高、隔热差。现代框架式玻璃幕墙大多是使用中空玻璃。比起单层玻璃，其隔热性能已成倍提高，但远远达不到保温砖混墙的水平，因为其金属框架导热过快，加设冷热断桥也不能根本解决问题。点式玻璃幕墙不用框架，但其技术不支持中空玻璃的叠加，因此同样达不到理想的隔热性能。
石材幕墙中面板的连接技术以短槽式为主，即在石材面板的上下侧面各开短槽，之后用金属板固定。 这种技术以及现行的背栓式、通槽式等都依赖一个高强度的金属框架来支撑石材巨大的重量。这个框架所构成的龙骨及其与面板之间的连接装置须消耗大量的金属材料，而形成昂贵的造价。如果在石板与外墙之间填充保温材料，虽可提高保温性能，但其四通八达的金属框架与连接装置大大加速了导热，同时其主龙骨与房屋框架之间须进行很强的连接并难以设冷热断桥，这些都使其隔热性能受限。
陶瓷幕墙与金属幕墙等同样存在与石材幕墙类似的成本与保温方面的劣势。
如果解决这两方面的问题，即大幅度降低其建设成本、大幅度提高其保温性能，则能使幕墙的建设持续发展，并节约巨大的资金和能源。
3)装饰墙将瓷板等装饰材料粘贴在外墙；粉刷墙用水泥、河沙、涂料等粉刷外墙。二者成本低，但保温性能不强；相对高效节能房而言，其隔热功能相去甚远。若将上文所述幕墙砖技术与之结合，则出现砖墙外观与装饰墙、粉刷墙的搭配问题：前者所占的比例有限，只能在一定的范围内取代后者，限制了幕墙砖技术的应用。这也是需解决的问题。
发明内容
通过对门窗隔热功能的大幅度乃至无限提升，解决节能房的隔热瓶颈，达到高效节能的目的；通过对各类幕墙、装饰墙、粉刷墙结构的改进，使其隔热功能可以任意控制，并保持其外观特征与可行的建设成本；通过对已建房屋比较便利的节能装修，实现高效节能房的普及。此三方面具体如下：
1)高效节能房：
A)建筑实施整体保温与隔热，以使建筑的传热系数大幅度下降(传热系数K可大大低于0.2w/㎡·k)。
B)在现有技术的基础上，门窗的节能按以下方案进行：
a)如图1、2，将与一扇门或窗形状、面积相同的整块厚玻璃1四周打孔2，并在门或窗转轴的位置打孔3、把手的位置打孔4、锁的位置打孔5；
b)加工、制造与a)中形状、面积、打孔位置相同的两块或两块以上玻璃，同时在玻璃的上、下部靠转轴处设换气孔(最外侧的一块玻璃除外，其上不设换气孔)；
c)在各层玻璃周边内侧粘接导热系数低、横截面为方形的条形材料6(可用玻璃或木材等制成)，并在上面设螺栓孔7；
d)将多层玻璃在四周打孔的位置用螺栓8直接相连，螺栓通过孔2与孔7(图中为了清晰显示，条形材料6与螺栓8分别进行了放大)；螺栓的螺母9应设置在门窗的外侧，螺帽10设在内侧，并分别安装保温盖11、12。保温盖可嵌入螺母或螺帽，必要时可用结构胶进一步固定。螺栓8拧紧时，要夹紧门扇或窗扇边缘所粘的条形材料6，从而形成边框及各层之间的空腔。玻璃的厚度要能使门窗达到足够的强度(包括结构强度与防盗功能)。玻璃的层数与层间距离要能使门窗达到所需的隔热水平；
e)在门扇或窗扇上转轴的位置安装铰链组件，在把手、锁的位置安装其组件；
f)用密封胶密封玻璃之间的接缝，然后通过换气孔将玻璃间的空腔注入惰性气体，封闭换气孔。如果门窗不需透明而且不使用惰性气体，可在玻璃之间安装保温板或保温棉等；
g)制造并安装与门扇或窗扇相配的门框或窗框。如图3、4，门扇或窗扇1关闭时要能整体嵌入框架2中。框架中要设阻挡面3，并在其上安装封闭胶条4，从而使关闭的门扇或窗扇在四周形成密封面；
h)在门框或窗框上铰链的位置安装铰链组件，在锁的位置安装其组件；
i)将门扇或窗扇安装在框架中。
上述所有可能与水接触的钢铁制品应进行热镀锌处理或采用不锈钢(这对下文也全部适用，为方便起见，不再重述)。
C)上述门窗的特点：a)门窗由多层玻璃组成，玻璃的连接通过四周的几个螺栓夹紧玻璃间的玻璃边框(或木边框等)而实现，可形成多层空腔并避免冷热桥；b)玻璃间的距离与玻璃的层数可以任意选择而能不影响其结构强度；c)可以通过控制玻璃间的距离和玻璃的层数而使其达到任意的隔热性能。
D)实现上述门窗功能的节点：
a)紧固件的连接：上述门窗的厚度可以任意增加，随着其厚度的加大，门窗的各层容易错位。为避免这个问题，须安装紧固件。如图5、6、7、8，在门扇或窗扇上需要紧固的位置设螺栓1、螺栓2(见俯视图5)，这些螺栓夹紧门窗最里侧的玻璃板3及紧固板4；在最外侧的玻璃板上安装紧固板7(方法同紧固板4)；紧固板4的左端设螺栓孔，同时在玻璃板5、6等上打孔，孔的大小和位置与紧固板4的螺栓孔相同；然后用螺栓47贯穿玻璃板5、6，并将螺栓47的两端分别固定在紧固板4与7上；紧固板7的上部设螺栓47的连接孔(见后视图6)，下部横向设带孔的金属板7a、7b，孔中连接金属杆7c；金属杆7c可在金属板7a、7b的孔中转动，其一端设金属环7d，另一端设阻挡件并用焊接等方式固定在金属杆7c上，以避免金属杆7c横向滑动；在最里侧的玻璃板3上安装另一紧固板8(见侧视图7)，上面横向设带孔的金属板8a、8b(见俯视图8)，孔中连接金属杆8c；金属杆8c的结构与7c相同，上设金属环8d；用螺栓87连接金属环8d与7d(见侧视图7)。
通过转动金属杆8c、7c，可对准金属环8d、7d的方向，使螺栓87能穿过其中；然后将金属环8d、7d各自在两边用螺帽固定于螺栓87。转动螺栓87上紧靠金属环8d的螺帽，可扩展或缩小紧固板8与7之间的距离，实现各层之间纵向位置的微调与固定，避免重力或其他原因可能引起的错位、变形。各层玻璃侧面沿螺栓87、47的位置需开槽(玻璃板之间所夹的条形边框在此位置应有足够的厚度，以避免开槽时打通玻璃间的空腔；玻璃板5、6上贯穿螺栓47的地方不应开槽)，各槽的横截面应外窄内阔，深度应使螺栓完全埋人槽中；然后用胶条嵌在槽中封住螺栓87、47。最里侧的玻璃板3可厚于其他层的玻璃板，这样可以增加强度并节省材料；
b)铰链的连接：如图9、10，用与安装紧固件相同的方法在最里侧的门扇或窗扇上安装紧固板1(见俯视图9)；紧固板1上设圆柱a，用于连接门框或窗框；圆柱a向下延长并与下部的紧固板2连为一体(见 后视图10)；在门框或窗框上安装带孔的金属板a1，a2、b1、b2(见后视图10)；金属板a1的孔中插入螺栓c，金属板b1的孔中插入螺栓d；金属板e上设螺丝孔a3、b3，螺栓c、d分别旋入a3、b3，然后继续旋转并分别穿过螺帽a4、b4和金属板a2、b2；然后在螺栓c、d的端点拧上螺帽a5、b5。连接时将金属板e上的孔b6对准紧固板1上的圆柱a，然后转动螺栓c、d从而移动金属板e，直至孔b6套稳在圆柱a上；门窗的上下铰链都连接以后，还可以通过转动螺栓c、d(及另一铰链上对应的螺栓)而微调门窗的上下位置；所有调节完成以后，应拧紧螺栓c、d上的螺帽a4、a5及b4、b5，同时拧紧另一铰链上对应的螺帽。如果要减少门轴转动的声音，可在金属板e的孔b6处设轴承框并安装轴承，然后使轴承套稳在圆柱a上(圆柱a要同时穿过轴承和金属板e)。
在门扇或窗扇的侧面设两个紧固件或两个铰链时，其装置可反向对称，如图11、12，其中a为上紧固件，b为下紧固件；a1为上铰链，b1为下铰链。如一个侧面同时设有紧固件和铰链，两边位置的应为铰链，中间位置的为紧固件。每个侧面紧固件的数量依门窗的重量与厚度而定，竖向侧面上不能少于一个。在重量较大的门窗上，铰链的数量可设多个；
c)门框或窗框的封闭：如图13、14，封闭胶条1安装在基座2上；基座2上设置圆柱形导轨3、弹簧4、移动块5；导轨3的上端安装螺丝6，从而阻止移动块5离开导轨；移动块5上设滑孔7，可在导轨3的范围内上下滑动；封闭胶条1的下部嵌在基座面8内；基座面8通过螺丝9连接在移动块5的螺丝孔5a上；在弹簧4的作用下，基座面8总是向上顶，将封闭胶条1紧按在门扇或窗扇上，起到良好的封闭作用。同时，基座2应安装在玻璃或木材等低导热材料制成的匣子10中；匣子10应有足够的宽度，以形成良好的隔热；门框或窗框四面的匣子10应连成一个整体，并将四面的基座面8及封闭胶条1首尾相连(不间断)，以达到完全封闭的效果。导轨3及其弹簧4、移动块5可沿封闭线不断设置(封闭线的长度无限制)，从而可安装任意长度的基座面8及封闭胶条1，并确保良好的同时封闭和开启。匣子10的开口与封闭胶条1之间只留很小的缝隙，在门窗关闭时弹簧4应有足够的力量(同时封闭胶条1应有足够的弹性)使封闭胶条1紧贴门扇或窗扇并向稍向两边扩展而填满其缝隙；门窗打开时封闭胶条1形状复原并恢复其缝隙。在基座面连接的地方，可在移动块5上设置双螺丝孔5b、5c，并分别连接两个相邻的基座面。如果要减少门窗关闭时导轨3上金属滑动的声音，应将滑动部位打磨光滑，或在导轨3上套上玻璃鞘，再安装弹簧4、移动块5等。
E)上述节能门窗的板块材料除了玻璃以外，也可以使用其他导热系数低、强度高的材料(这对玻璃幕墙、玻璃屋面也适用)。此类门窗与保温屋面、保温地面、幕墙砖外墙相结合，能使房屋的隔热覆盖所有的部位，达到高效节能的目的。但就外观而言，若其只是单纯使用幕墙砖外墙，在现代建筑中是不可行的。只有将各类幕墙以及装饰墙、粉刷墙的隔热性能提高到与幕墙砖外墙相同的水平，同时大幅度降低建设成本，才能使节能房普及。下文是这些问题的解决方案。
2)节能幕墙、装饰墙、粉刷墙：
A)玻璃幕墙：上文所述的节能门窗，可以任意叠加中空玻璃，而且可以任意选择玻璃间的距离，因而在隔热方面可以达到甚至超过设保温层的砖墙。介于此，如图15、16，可用与上述门扇和窗扇相同的 方法制作玻璃墙块1，玻璃墙块2；其厚度应达到20cm左右(或以上)，从而可方便地在同一楼层铺砌而不需用到框架，甚至可以制作与楼层同高的大块玻璃墙3或高于楼层的大块玻璃墙4。如果将玻璃墙块1、2、3铺砌在楼层之间，可应用点式幕墙的相应工艺(如拉索、连杆)而进一步增加其安全性能；如果将大块玻璃墙4安装在楼板外侧，可设置预埋件5、6而支撑、固定玻璃外墙。
用此方法建设的玻璃幕墙(尤其是玻璃墙全部安装在楼板外侧时)，除了根本解决隔热问题之外，在外观上亦毫不逊色于传统玻璃幕墙；而其强度与寿命可超越后者。至于其重量，如图5，最里侧的玻璃较厚，其他层的可以较薄，同时大幅度减少了金属的用量，总重量与框式幕墙相当。
这种节能玻璃幕墙的玻璃用量多于点式玻璃幕墙，但其为自承重结构，大量节省了点式幕墙的支撑材料(其拉索与连杆只是用作预防掉落的安全措施，而不必用于固定玻璃的位置)，因而成本反而减少；其玻璃用量亦多于框式玻璃幕墙，但节省了框式幕墙价值不菲的框架，故成本可较大幅度下降。
B)石材幕墙：利用图17、18中的方案，石材1的连接件2直接预埋在外墙3中(见侧视图17)。外墙3须有足够的厚度与强度，可由砖4或混凝土砌块5铺砌而成。连接件2的构件a、构件b预埋在砌缝中(见侧视图17及后视图18。构件a、b的前半部为垂直金属板，并在其中设孔；后半部为水平金属板，并可埋置在砌缝)；构件c的两头可在a、b的孔中滑动，其螺纹与构件b外侧所设的转动螺帽d相配；螺帽d连接在构件b上并可以转动，其阻挡件e可以防止其脱离构件b。将构件c的两头分别插入a、b，然后在b处通过d的转动而穿过d。构件a1、b1、c1、螺帽d1分别与a、b、c、d相同，但预埋在下层砌缝中；将构件c1的两头分别插入a1、b1，然后在b1处通过d1的转动而穿过d1。构件f、f1上设螺纹并分别设螺母d2、d3；螺母d2、d3连接在构件c的孔中并可以转动，其阻挡件e1可以防止其脱离构件c。构件f、f1分别穿过构件g上的两个固定螺帽d22、d33及构件g下部的引导孔(转动螺母d2、d3时，螺帽d22、d33可使构件g上下移动)。f、f1的下部插在c1上相应的孔中；f、f1的长度要大于上下预埋件砌缝间的距离。f、f1分别连接在c与c1的中点两边，可以防止c与c1作水平移动时滑出a、b、a1、b1的孔洞；c与c1的长度要使其在一侧移动到底时另一侧仍有超出孔洞的部分。
以上构件均需在铺砌外墙时预埋。在后期安装石材面板时，将带有两个螺栓f11、f22的金属板g1穿过构件g上的横向引导孔h1、h2及其后侧所设的转动螺帽d4、d5(螺帽结构与d、d1相同)而与构件g连接起来。然后通过转动螺帽d、d1而左右移动金属板g1，通过转动螺母d2、d3而上下移动金属板g1，通过转动螺帽d4、d5而前后移动g1。此金属板的外部可设成直角，构成台阶形，勾在石材面板侧面所开的短槽中。由于金属板可三维移动，而且可通过螺帽和螺母的转动而微调，石材面板可以精确地安装到所需的位置。
一块石材面板可通过四块台阶形金属板而固定。在四块金属板均已安装之后，再作微调时，下侧与内侧金属板位置的转动螺帽、螺母需用加长的套筒或传动的套筒、扳手来转动。
以上石材面板的每一块均直接安装在砖混外墙的预埋件上，省去了巨大的金属框架，节约了大量的材料，可使造价大幅度下降；同时缩小了石材面板与外墙的距离，有利于提高强度和使用寿命。
在砖混外墙的内侧，可按幕墙砖外墙技术设置空腔，空腔内填充保温棉，并通过金属件与最内侧的幕墙砖连接。其工艺与幕墙砖外墙技术完全相同，只是方向相反：幕墙砖设在内侧。为方便起见，下文 将这种工艺称作幕墙砖内墙技术。
通过设置这种幕墙砖内墙，石材幕墙的隔热性能可以完全达到要求；同时，幕墙砖内墙可以直接作为一种很好的内装饰墙面投入使用。
C)陶瓷幕墙与金属幕墙等因其可塑性，比石材幕墙更容易安装。可以在陶瓷板、金属板等侧面(或内侧接近边缘处)设短槽，按上述石材幕墙的工艺直接安装在砖混外墙的预埋件上；同时，按幕墙砖内墙技术安装其保温层和幕墙砖。其隔热性能和造价等均与上述石材幕墙类同。
D)装饰墙、粉刷墙的保温，同样可以完全按幕墙砖内墙技术进行：在外墙内侧设置空腔，空腔内填充保温棉，并通过金属件与最内侧的幕墙砖连接。这样可完全解决砖墙外观与装饰墙、粉刷墙的搭配问题：其幕墙砖位于内侧，不影响外墙的装饰和粉刷，因而其所占的比例无任何限制。同时幕墙砖内墙可以作为内装饰墙面投入使用。在新建装饰墙或粉刷墙时，可以自由地选择幕墙砖技术中的螺栓型、钢筋型等连接方式，以便将墙体与幕墙砖进行最佳的连接；对已建成的装饰墙与粉刷墙，如果要应用幕墙砖内墙技术而增加保温层，应用螺栓型比较方便，并需作部分调整：如图19、20、21，在外墙1内侧斜向打孔2、孔3(见剖面图19和后视图20)，也可用开槽代替打孔；将钢筋4的一端绕成环a并将接头焊接，另一端弯成钩形(也可以将另一端加工成有利于防止钢筋松动的其他形状，或用铸件等代替钢筋)并插入孔2；用同样的方法制作钢筋5(包括环a1)并插入孔3；然后将孔2、3注满砂浆，并使环a、a1重合。打孔6、7，孔6、7要分别与孔2、3平行并且形状、大小相同；然后把与钢筋4、5相同的钢筋8、9(其上分别设环a2、a3)分别插入孔6、7，将孔6、7注满砂浆，并使环a2、a3重合。待孔2、3、6、7中的砂浆固化后，将螺栓10(或大头的杆件)插入环a、a1，然后将带孔的钢筋11(或铸件等)套在螺栓10上(见后视图20和俯视图21)，再将螺栓10穿过环a2、a3，并在其下端拧上螺帽(或在大头杆件的下端装上固定件)。
在后期铺设幕墙砖时，钢筋11可以上下移动，顺利地埋入幕墙砖的砖缝，完成牢固的连接。
对新建的高效节能装饰墙与粉刷墙，如果需要大幅度降低造价直至低于不设保温层的同材质单墙，可在装饰墙与粉刷墙建成后，省略其内侧的粉刷与装饰，并选用适当的材料与方式进行保温装修。详见后文的具体实施方式。
3)已建房的节能装修：
对各类已建的房屋进行高效节能装修时，可应用前文(发明内容1)所述的多层任意可控保温结构，选用适当的材料直接安装在原墙、屋顶、地板、门窗等部位，而达到预定的隔热目的和成本控制，详见后文的具体实施方式。
附图说明
图1、2为门扇或窗扇；图3、4为门框或窗框；图5为紧固件连接中的俯视图；图6为紧固件连接 中的后视图；图7为紧固件连接中的侧视图；图8为紧固件连接中的俯视图；图9为铰链连接中的俯视图；图10为铰链连接中的后视图；图11、12为紧固件或铰链的反向对称；图13、14为门框或窗框的封闭；图15、16为节能玻璃幕墙；图17为节能石材幕墙侧视图；图18为节能石材幕墙后视图；图19为节能装饰墙、粉刷墙的剖面图；图20为节能装饰墙、粉刷墙的后视图；图21为节能装饰墙、粉刷墙连接件的俯视图；图22为砖连接的幕墙砖外墙；图23为滤气管剖面图；图24为滤气管俯视图；图25为滤气管前视图；图26为频开门的过渡室；图27为铰链调节装置的后视图；图28为铰链调节装置中的侧视图；图29为门窗上的小面板；图30为节能玻璃幕墙的支撑件；图31为节能玻璃幕墙的上下接缝处剖面图；图32为防盗杆的连接；图33为可移反射膜装置中的侧视图；图34为可移反射膜装置中的前视图；图35为可移反射膜装置中的后视图；图36为可移反射膜装置中的仰视图；图37为可移反射膜装置中的剖面图；图38为可移反射膜装置中的前视图；图39为拉索或拉杆连接中的侧视图；图40为拉索或拉杆连接中的俯视图；图41、42为薄玻璃墙块的组装；图43、44为气囊的安装；图45、46为墙体悬挂式安装的前视图；图47为墙体悬挂式安装的侧视图；图48为充气薄膜结构悬挂式安装的前视图；图49为充气薄膜结构悬挂式安装的侧视图；图50为压力气囊；图51为充气薄膜结构倒挂式安装的后视图；图52为充气薄膜结构倒挂式安装的侧视图；图53为内置伸缩气囊；图54为伸缩气囊的滑杆；图55为节能石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙连接件的排列；图56为加长的套筒；图57为传动套筒的后视图；图58为传动套筒的侧视图；图59为传动扳手的侧视图；图60为传动扳手的后视图；图61为双加长套筒的前视图；图62为双加长套筒齿轮的俯视图；图63为横向双传动扳手；图64为竖向双传动扳手的后视图；图65为竖向双传动扳手的前视图；图66为扳手扣件的剖面图；图67、68为转动螺帽及螺母的安装；图69为幕墙砖内墙连接中的前视图；图70为幕墙砖内墙连接中的侧视图；图71为幕墙砖内墙连接中的前视图；图72为幕墙砖内墙连接中的侧视图。
具体实施方式
1)节能房的实施：
A)在屋面的保温中，如果是平顶屋面，一种通用的做法是先在屋面安装防水、密封层，确保屋顶不漏水、不透汽；然后在防水、密封层上设置通风层，以使保温层中的空气遇热膨胀时可以排出、保温层万一进水时也可以排出；然后在通风层上设保温层(可用多种保温材料)；在保温层上设防水、保护层。
还有一种通用的做法是先在屋面安装防水、密封层，确保屋顶不漏水、不透汽；然后在防水、密封层上直接安装保温层(需用不吸水的保温材料)；然后在保温层上设透气的保护层。
这些屋面保温技术已应用多年，其目的主要是防止夏季阳光照射屋面造成温度过高，以及冬季散热过快。其隔热非常有效，保温层越厚，隔热性能越好。其保温层的所有材料均须杜绝易燃、易爆品种；并应在保温层上设反射膜，从而阻挡热辐射，进一步提高保温性能(下文所提到的保温层均须达到这两个条件，为方便起见，不一一重述)。
对于坡面屋顶，保温层可安装在屋顶之下。由于屋顶的保护，保温层不会受到太阳直射，并且不会淋雨。因此可以省去上述通风层及防水层、保护层(但下部的密封层不能省去)，而且可以使用多种保温 材料。保温层需覆盖整个屋顶的下层。如果屋顶下有足够强的支撑面，保温层可直接安装其上；否则需先安装支撑面。
B)由于墙面是垂直的，保温材料不能象在屋面一样平铺，安装的难度增大。同时，由于现代建筑比较高，保温材料安装在墙外往往会造成安全隐患，外观也不理想。如果将传统保温材料安装在墙的内侧，虽然安全隐患减少，但其保护层的强度、性能、与外观仍是大的问题。
如果将保温层安装在墙的内部，则上述安全、强度、性能、外观等问题都可解决。但墙内设保温层时势必形成一个空腔，在墙的面积较大时空腔的强度与抗震性能也成为须解决的问题。前文所述的幕墙砖外墙技术，可以提供妥善的解决方案，还可任意调整空腔及其保温层的厚度，从而使外墙达到所需的保温性能。在应用这种幕墙砖外墙技术时，对极端恶劣的气候条件与温差，房屋的结构框架可能形成不利的冷热桥，此时需在室内的结构框架部位安装加强的保温层。因为这是局部、小面积的保温安装，可通过室内设计妥善覆盖。
在应用幕墙砖外墙技术进行保温时，可将其技术作如下扩展：
a)在螺栓型连接方式中，铺砌混凝土砌块时每隔一定高度铺一层薄的砌块，其厚度只略大于一层幕墙砖(或铺砌若干层砖，其总厚度略大于一层幕墙砖)；同时将螺栓连接件直接预埋在这些较薄的层面上。这样可以避免在大尺寸的砌块上使用很长的螺栓，从而可节约材料并增加强度；
b)在螺栓型连接方式中，将螺栓套上导热系数低、有一定强度和硬度的套筒(可用玻璃等制成。套筒的大小要能恰好套上螺栓，不留空隙；其壁越厚，越利于隔热)，再将带箍钢筋套在上面，从而形成一个冷热断桥，进一步减少传热；
c)加宽幕墙砖的宽度至20cm左右，使其可独立铺砌并获得足够的强度，而不必与内墙进行连接(但其上下要与楼板或房屋的框架连接，并避免在门厅等处作过高的无连接铺砌或脱离框架的铺砌。以下d、e、f类同)。这样虽然加大了外墙的整体厚度，但可以省去金属件的传热(虽然其传热量不多)，进一步提高其隔热性能；
d)内外墙均用混凝土砌块，并省去内外墙之间的连接件。这样外墙还需进行装饰，但墙体自身可以减少造价并加快铺砌速度。对不用真实砖墙外观的建筑，这种方式是有优势的；
e)内外墙均用宽度20cm左右的空心砖墙，并省去内外墙之间的连接件。如果用砖墙外观，外墙不需再装饰；如果用其他外观，则还需进行装饰。在空心砖价格很低的地区，这种方式也有优势；
f)外墙用混凝土砌块，内墙则用有足够尺寸的砖独立铺砌，省去双墙的连接。在特定条件下，这种方式也是可行的。(比如外墙需用粉刷墙，内装饰可用砖墙时，这种方式就可优于d中的方式)；
g)内外墙均用空心砖墙(如果房屋不高，技术上也可用实心砖墙，但耗材多、重量大)，其中之一宽度可以较小；通过金属件将内外墙加以连接，使其达到足够的强度。也可以如图22直接用砖进行内外墙的连接：图中砖1、2、3、4、5尺寸相同，砖5横砌，连接内外墙；砖5的两端用小半截砖头6、7铺砌。为施工简便，也可生产专用于横向连接的砖8；砖8的长度等于砖5加砖头6、7(包括其砌缝)的长度。铺砌时砖5或砖8的用量不能过多(每平米一到两个即可)，因为横砖过多会增大传热；其用量也不能过少，以保证足够的强度。
h)用薄的混凝土砌块取代幕墙砖，并通过螺栓等与主体墙进行连接。在幕墙砖外墙结构中，这种薄的混凝土砌块上需进行粉刷等外装饰；在幕墙砖内墙结构中，其上亦需进行内装饰。但这种薄的混凝土砌块除了能对内外墙之间的保温层起到良好的保护作用、使外墙结构达到足够的强度之外，还能使造价进一步降低、使重量进一步减轻。如果将其用于对已建的装饰墙、粉刷墙、石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙等进行保温装修，可应用前文发明内容2D(图19、20、21)中的连接方式。
幕墙砖外墙及各类带空腔的砖墙、混凝土墙等会形成呼吸机制：墙体受热时气体排出、受冷时气体吸入。为避免水汽吸入墙体降低保温层的效果，可将墙体密封，只在房屋内设置若干滤气管：如图23、24、25，滤气管1略作倾斜(5°左右)并固定在基座上(见剖面图23)；滤气管1的下段设不锈钢网2(此网可多层叠加并互相隔开一定距离)，上段设生石灰通道3；通道3的下部设阻挡板4，以阻挡变成粉的生石灰下滑；石灰通道3中放置生石灰，但不超过阻挡板4的高度；通道3的上边设透明玻璃5(或其他透明材料)，用于观察石灰的状况并可在更换石灰时取下。如要加长滤气管的长度，可将其管道的路线设为来回转向并互相靠在一起(见俯视图24)，同时可将管道生石灰部分设为水平并减少阻挡板的数量；管道不锈钢网部分仍需设为倾斜，可为“Z”形(见前视图25)或螺旋形，以使其通道持续下降，避免水汽凝结时阻碍排放。管道不锈钢网部分应以金属制作并设置在冷水容器中，以利于水汽的凝结；滤气管的上端接入墙体，下端穿过冷水容器后接漏斗和排水管(不能直接连排水管，以免吸入下水道等处的的潮湿气体)。在生石灰变成粉后，即更换新的生石灰；也可用其他吸水材料取代生石灰。此外，可在墙内空腔中接近排水与检测孔的位置放入石灰盆或其他吸水材料，并定期更换。
节能房除了使用幕墙砖外墙，还可以使用节能的各种幕墙(玻璃幕墙、石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙、和其他材料的幕墙)，以及节能的装饰墙、粉刷墙等。节能房的屋顶除了上述传统的保温屋顶，还可使用多层玻璃屋顶(详见下文节能玻璃幕墙的实施A)，或与之结构相同的低导热材料屋顶。
C)门窗的安装如果采用传统的木门、玻璃门、金属门、铝合金窗、玻璃窗等，无一可以达到足够的保温性能。须采用前文(发明内容1)所述的多层可控玻璃门窗(并将玻璃作低辐射镀膜等处理。下文所提到的玻璃墙和玻璃屋面也需作这种处理；对有特殊视野要求的地方，则可以安装可移的反射膜而代替)或与之结构、原理相同的用其他低导热材料制成的门窗，才能达到与保温屋面、保温外墙同等的性能。
门窗及外墙等的玻璃板或其他低导热材料板块侧面的紧固装置可用金属或其他高强度的材料制作。
在玻璃板与螺栓及其他金属连接件之间应设垫片，以防玻璃受损(这对下文所提到的玻璃板组件均适用，为方便起见，不再重述)。
此类门窗由于用到厚玻璃并加以牢固的安装，其强度与防盗功能可大大高于传统门窗，设计寿命则不低于传统门窗。
对于出入口等处频繁开关的门，可如图26设置过渡室。其中门1、门2处于常闭状态；门1开启时门2关闭，门2开启时门1关闭，大幅度减少了空气的导热。
门框或窗框的铰链装置中(见图9、10)，框上的金属板e上下可调；如要将其同时设为左右可调， 可按后视图27中的方式横向埋置或安装光滑的带孔金属板1、2、3、4；并事先在金属板1、2的孔中设螺纹金属杆5，金属板3、4的孔中设螺纹金属杆6；金属杆5上竖向设孔a1、b1，金属杆6上竖向设孔a2、b2。其余的连接与图9、10完全相同。通过转动图27中金属杆5、6上的横向螺帽，能使金属板e左右可调。如果要将其同时设为内外可调，可将图27中的金属板1、2、3、4均设为侧视图28中金属板7的结构：螺栓7a、7b上下埋置或安装于框架处，通过转动其上的螺帽，可调节金属板7的内外位置。此外，图27中的金属板2、4也可设于孔b1、b2的右侧，同时在右边延长金属杆5、6并分别穿过金属板2、4上的孔；(采用这种方式可以直接将金属杆5、6插入金属板2、4中的孔，而不必事先通过焊接等方式连接，而且有利于提高金属杆5、6的强度。但采用这种方式时很多情形下需加长金属板e的长度，否则其不能超过金属板2、4的位置而达到门扇或窗扇上的连接件。如果不加长金属板e的长度，则需加长门扇或窗扇上连接件的长度，使其达到金属板e。加长门扇或窗扇上的连接件时，如果其长度很大，则每个连接件上的转轴应成对设置，而不能只设一个；同时门框或窗框上的金属板e也应成对设置，这样可以夹住每个连接件，使其可以独立支撑，从而大幅度减轻门窗面板上的应力。使用这种转轴成对的连接件，对转轴竖向设置的门窗，其在门窗面板上的横向长度可以设得很大，从而可支撑很宽的门窗；对转轴横向设置的窗户，其安全性能也比单转轴连接件更强)。金属板e的横截面可设为“L”形、“[”形、或方框形等，其抗弯强度大大高于平板形。
如果门窗设置在房屋里侧，在门框或窗框上安装封闭装置(见发明内容1Dc，及图13、14)以后，门扇或窗扇的位置内移，可能出现凹陷的效果。如果要使其位置持平，可在最外侧的面板上加设小面板：如图29，门扇或窗扇1上的小面板2在门窗关闭后与框架3的外侧持平；小面板2与门扇或窗扇1之间设条形材料4，并用螺栓5夹紧；空腔6可在内侧的上下位置设换气孔并连接到门窗内其他空腔。如果门窗设置在房屋外侧，在门框或窗框上安装铰链装置时，若其装置不采用凸出的方式而是隐藏在外墙的表层之下，则门扇或窗扇的位置跟着内移，也可能出现凹陷的效果。如果要使其位置持平，同样可以采用安装小面板的方式。
门窗关闭后，门扇、窗扇与其框架之间的缝隙在雨天可能渗水。对外开与内开的门窗，均应在其框架的底部设集水槽及引流管，并将引流管连接到屋内的排水管或直接连接到墙外。
D)节能房最底层地板的保温可参照屋面的保温按以下方案进行：a)下层安装防水、密封层；b)防水、密封层之上用不吸水的保温材料铺设保温层；如用其他保温材料铺设，则需在保温层上加设防水层；c)保温层及防水层之上架设托梁，托梁应使保温层上方留出一定的空间，形成通风层，并设通风口；d)托梁之上架设地板。
地板的保温只需在房屋的最下一层进行。如果房屋设有多层地下室，而且地基周围土壤干燥，则无需在下层地下室的地板与外围设保温层。如果房屋的地下层为车库等而且不设保温，则需在地上第一层的地板设保温层。
E)屋面、外墙、门窗、地板各部位厚度的确定：根据不同的气候条件、节能房预定的隔热等级(或传热系数)、以及各部位材料的选择，而决定各部位结构与材料的厚度(不光是保温层厚度)。由于各种 材料的导热性能不同，如有多种材料可选，确定厚度前需先确定材料；材料确定后，可根据隔热要求而初步确定厚度；然后通过理论计算与具体实验，确保各部位的传热系数相近或相配，不出现瓶颈。与此同时，还应充分考察房屋不同部位的受热条件(如房顶受阳光照射，其隔热要求大于外墙；屋内靠火炉位置的外墙，其隔热要求也大于其他部位)，进行相应的调整。
F)由于节能房封闭严密，住人的房间及建筑内公共的空间须各自每天定期打开门窗换气，不可以为了节约一点调温的能源而使用陈腐空气或造成安全隐患。不住人的房间须关闭门窗并展开可移的反射膜，以免影响整座建筑的隔热。楼梯间等处的通风需与门厅等公共空间对接，而不能直接连接户外；面积小的房间须与公共空间保持空气流通(可设换气的百叶窗等)。厨房、卫生间的通风可以直接连接户外，但其内墙与门须设保温层(此保温层的隔热等级可低于外墙，因为厨房的通风只需在烹饪时进行，卫生间的通风也不需超过一定速度，这些空间的温度不同于户外。此保温层的设置应基于其空间的温度)，并使之隔热后达到整座建筑预定的等级。
在气候非常寒冷或炎热的地区(或天气变化无常的地区)，节能房内必须备有充分的其他抗寒或抗热设备，以防万一节能门窗、屋面等损坏而造成冻伤、中暑、或其他安全隐患。在气候较温和的地区也须在冷热季节做好相同的防备。
2)节能玻璃幕墙的实施：
A)当玻璃墙安装在房屋框架外侧时，若是钢筋混凝土框架，需要预埋支撑件。如图30，可在一层楼的楼板处框架中埋入支撑件1、2、3、4，楼顶处框架中埋入支撑件5、6、7、8；其中1与2、3与4、5与6、7与8分别靠近、成组，以加强安全性(假如各组中一个损坏，另一个须能承载其全部重量)；各支撑件上设螺纹，支撑件的长度要超过玻璃墙的厚度，以便安装螺帽；玻璃墙9的侧面设紧固装置(其具体构造见图5、6、7、8)，从而防止各层玻璃之间错位、变形。将玻璃墙9安放在支撑件1、2、3、4之上、5、6、7、8之下，然后在其螺纹上安装垫片、螺帽。玻璃墙9与支撑件5、6、7、8之间应留出一定的空隙作为伸缩缝，伸缩缝和玻璃墙的上端要完全覆盖在螺帽与垫片之后。所有支撑件均须支撑各自上侧玻璃墙的重量，同时固定各自下侧玻璃墙的位置。支撑件与玻璃接触段的横截面应为方形，并水平设置，以增大与玻璃墙的接触面；支撑件超出玻璃部分的横截面应为圆形，以便设置螺纹、螺帽。如果一块玻璃墙的重量大，两组支撑件不足以承载，则应增加同一块玻璃墙上支撑件的数量。
如果预埋上述支撑件1、2、3、4和5、6、7、8时不能达到完全水平，则应将各支撑件的上下位置设为可调：可在每个支撑件上承载玻璃的部位设两个上下方向的螺丝孔，然后分别将两个螺栓竖向(螺母朝上)拧入其中；再转动螺母使其达到同一层楼板统一的水平面，并拧紧螺栓下端的螺帽；最后将两个螺母连接同一个长方形金属盖(金属盖应有足够的厚度与宽度，以利于承载玻璃时减少其单位面积的载荷)，并加大支撑件上横向螺帽与垫片的直径，以防玻璃墙脱离其阻挡的范围。
不同的玻璃墙块之间在横向亦须设置伸缩缝；相邻玻璃块之间的横向与竖向缝隙均应加以密封。在人员过往、停留的地方需使用钢化玻璃。
玻璃墙的上下接缝处剖面应设成图31中的方式。其中上下墙的内侧1、2水平，外侧3、4倾斜，这 样可以防止雨水渗入墙的内部或房屋之内。在安装支撑件的位置，接缝上边的玻璃块上应将玻璃的外侧3磨平，以使支撑件在磨出的槽中穿过(也可用直接成型等方式制成相同的形状)，从而使玻璃墙的各层均架在支撑件上；在接缝下边的玻璃块上，应避免将玻璃的外侧4加工成斜面，而应保持其原状(剖面为直角)，以避免支撑件上的螺帽和垫片与其接触不到或不能有足够的接触面，起不到足够的阻挡与固定作用。在支撑件的位置须用密封胶进行良好的防水密封。玻璃墙各层玻璃(除最外层)的上下端应各设一小孔，用于充入惰性气体并封闭；万一玻璃墙内进水引起玻璃雾化时，也可以通过小孔将水汽排出；各层的气孔应相对，以便同时封堵或打开。(下文所有的玻璃墙与屋面均应设置这种换气孔。门窗亦应按此设换气孔)。
房屋玻璃墙的内侧应在必要的位置设防盗装置：如图1、2，可加长螺栓8并在其内侧增设一个螺帽，然后将其与固定在房屋框架处的防盗杆连接起来。防盗杆的连接方式可如图32：防盗杆1的两端绕成环状并焊牢端点；防盗杆1的环a通过螺帽a1连接在玻璃墙的螺栓2上(环a与螺栓2之间应设隔热套，同时环a的两边应分别设隔热环a2、a3；隔热套和隔热环可用玻璃等导热系数低并有一定硬度和强度的材料制作，其厚度越大越利于隔热，但隔热套的直径须小于螺帽a1，以便即使隔热环a3断裂掉落，防盗杆1的环a也不会因直径等于或大于螺帽a1而脱离螺栓2)。螺栓3上设螺母4与厚金属垫片5；防盗杆1的环b套在螺栓3上并用螺帽6固定；螺栓3插入金属板7、8的孔中；金属板7、8固定在房屋框架或楼板；金属板8的外侧旋上螺帽9。拧紧螺帽9(此时需用扳手等固定螺母4)，防盗杆1就会被拉紧(不能拉得过紧而损伤玻璃)。实际安装时需先将防盗杆1装在螺栓3上，再将螺栓3装在孔7、8上，然后安装玻璃墙，最后将防盗杆1连到螺栓2上。
螺栓2的端点应设插销，以避免墙外的螺母被拧动时螺帽a1脱离螺栓，同时房屋框架或楼板上应设阻挡件，以避免防盗杆1随螺栓2转动(如果将螺栓2、3的位置设得与房屋框架或楼板足够近，也能避免防盗杆1连续转动)。若要使防盗杆1在玻璃墙上的作用力更均匀，可将其对称设置(状如花篮螺栓)。此外，为美观起见，金属板7、8的位置应准确，防盗杆1、螺栓2、3的尺寸应统一。上述连接件安装完毕后，螺栓2及其螺帽a1需安装保温盖(参见发明内容1Bd及图2)；由于螺栓2上增加了诸多组件，其螺帽a4上不能安装保温盖，可事先将保温环套在其上。
当房屋的框架用钢结构时，上述玻璃墙的预埋件可直接装在钢结构上，其余安装方式完全相同。由于保温层设在房屋外侧，可以消除钢结构隔热方面的劣势。
上述玻璃墙也可以作为采光顶而横向或斜向安装在屋顶。此时须有牢固的支撑结构(支撑结构须能完全支撑屋顶的重量并承担可能的最大雨雪载荷、风载荷、地震冲击等，同时须达到预定的防锈、抗腐蚀、抗老化性能。下文所有的屋顶支撑结构均须与此相同)；其具体方式依不同的建筑外形与结构而定。同时还需加设可移反射膜，以防不利的温室效应或热辐射。可移反射膜的安装可按图33、34、35、36、37、38中的方式进行：转轴1、转轴2分别安装在玻璃块的两边(见侧视图33)；转轴之间设导轨3；反射膜4的面积可达到转轴1、2之间的整个范围；反射膜4的两边通过多个连接件5与导轨3相连(见前视图34，图中为清晰显示，进行了放大)，连接件5上设滑轮a、b、c、d及滑轮a1、b1、c1、d1(见后视图35，图中为清晰显示，进行了放大)，并可在导轨3上滑动；反射膜4的一侧连接拉条6(见侧视图 33)，其长度与反射膜4相等；拉条上也设连接件5，以使其不脱离导轨3。展开反射膜时通过电机或手动方式转动转轴2，从而将拉条绕在转轴2的两端，同时将反射膜4沿导轨3拉过去；移开反射膜时通过电机或手动方式转动转轴1，将反射膜4沿导轨3拉过来绕在转轴1上。导轨3的两端设带滑轮的斜面7、8(见仰视图36及剖面图37)；斜面7、8之间的缝隙只能穿过反射膜或拉条，其上的滑轮能将连接件5的位置外推、上推，从而将其引导至导轨3。转轴1、2安装之后，还须加设可支持其全部重量的外壳，并尽量安装在靠墙处。连接件5及其滑轮需用塑料等轻质材料制成并在保证强度的前提下使用最小尺寸；同时其滑轮应完全覆盖在连接件5的外壳内侧，以防各连接件在转轴上互相缠结。通过这种转轴式连接，只要反射膜的材料够轻，可以覆盖较大的宽度(其宽度主要受转轴1、2的限制：若转轴1、2过宽，安装起来不便)；其可覆盖的长度则几乎无限制。
如果需要安装宽度很大的反射膜，可按前视图38在连接件5上设拉索环9，并取消转轴式连接中的转轴1、2及斜面7、8，以使反射膜4及拉条6可通过拉索环9中拉索的牵引而在导轨3上移动；拉索可用电机或手动方式操作。反射膜或拉条移到底后即被折叠，需用不易留下折痕的材料制成。拉索的中段连接在反射膜和拉条的结合处，从而可以两边拉动，实现反射膜的展开或折叠。牵引拉索时可将两边导轨上的拉索卷到一起，而实现同步操作。这种折叠式连接在反射膜折叠后需要占用一定的面积；如果要避免其占用屋顶的平面，可将导轨3在外墙内侧进行向下或向上的延伸，从而将折叠的反射膜移到外墙内侧。如果在导轨3上加大连接件5之间的距离，也可以缩小反射膜折叠后在屋顶占用的平面。
上述转轴式和折叠式反射膜可应用于屋顶，也可用于其他位置。
为排水起见，屋顶一般应有坡度，同时玻璃块之间应有良好的搭接或密封。
如果要在上述玻璃幕墙上(及下文所述的其他玻璃幕墙上)制造传统框式幕墙的效果，可在最外侧的玻璃上打孔并安装金属条(需充分考虑不同材料的热膨胀系数及安装的牢固性。对不同热膨胀系数的材料，应设伸缩缝；为安装的牢固，应使用螺丝与螺帽连接)。用此方法亦可制造其他的外观效果(包括用整块轻金属板制造金属幕墙效果。此时需防止深色面板吸收阳光升温，应设隔离层)。
此类玻璃幕墙由于用到厚玻璃并加以牢固的安装，其强度不低于任何其他玻璃幕墙，而设计寿命可大大延长。
B)如果玻璃墙安装在楼层之间，对房屋总体的保温不利，但相对上文中安装在房屋框架外侧的方式而言，可以用尺寸较小的玻璃来装配玻璃墙，同时可省去玻璃墙侧面的紧固装置。在不少条件下(如不太冷、不太热的地区)应用这种方式的可行性是具备的。此时玻璃墙块的尺寸小于楼层间的距离，可将玻璃墙块上下铺砌(根据各墙块的尺寸，可铺砌一层或多层；墙块的尺寸越小越不利于隔热)，同时应将每一个墙块通过其螺栓连接在拉索或拉杆上。由于拉索或拉杆的位置可以设置得与螺栓非常近，二者具体的连接可按图39、40的方式进行：连接件1的两头分别设环a、b(见侧视图39)；环a固定在玻璃墙的螺栓上(其与螺栓、螺帽之间应分别设隔热套与隔热环，具体与上文节能玻璃幕墙实施A中的防盗杆相同)；连接件2上设孔a1、b1及“U”形螺栓3(见俯视图40，图中为清晰显示，进行了放大)。将拉 索或拉杆4的位置调准后，将螺栓3穿过孔a1、b1并拧上螺帽，然后将连接件1的环b用螺帽连在螺栓3上；最后拧紧螺栓3上的所有螺帽。拉索或拉杆与楼板的连接可通过在楼板设预埋件而完成；其预埋件可设成4个带孔的金属板，并按门窗铰链中二维可调的方式连接(见发明内容1Db与图10，及节能房的实施C与图27)，以便使拉索或拉杆的位置可在前后左右方向调节。拉索或拉杆需在结构胶墙缝的基础上进一步防止墙体脱落，并能拉住其全部重量；只要能达此目的，其设置不必过粗或过紧。
这种玻璃幕墙的强度亦不低于任何其他玻璃幕墙，而设计寿命可大大延长。
玻璃墙在水平方向如果长距离连续铺设，每隔一定距离应设伸缩缝；在垂直方向应考察房屋的结构、材料、气候等相关条件而决定是否设伸缩缝。如果砌缝有一定厚度并且使用有弹性的硅酮结构胶，可以起到一定的伸缩缝功能。若房屋框架的伸缩大于墙体，则需进行更详细的计算与实验。
相邻玻璃块之间或玻璃块与楼层之间的缝隙均需密封。在人员过往、停留的地方需使用钢化玻璃。
静止的玻璃墙(不管是安装在房屋框架外侧还是楼层之间)一般不会受到门窗之类的震动与冲击。此时在房屋的低层可只在最外侧设一层厚玻璃(用于防盗)，在房屋的其他层可只在最内侧设一层厚玻璃；同时将其他各层玻璃大幅度减薄，并保持玻璃之间所夹的边框不减薄。这样可以将玻璃墙的重量降到最低，而不减少其总体强度与隔热性能。在室内可能受到冲击的房屋低层，可同时在最内侧设一层厚玻璃。在有强风侵袭的地区或建筑的高层，如果最外侧的玻璃是大块的薄玻璃，需着重进行风载荷的计算与试验，以免玻璃被风破坏；如果风力过强，则须换为相应厚度与强度的玻璃(下文所有用薄玻璃的外墙均与此相同)。玻璃墙横向或斜向安装在屋顶时，其最下层的玻璃不能减少厚度；中间层的玻璃可以减少厚度；在可能受冰雹等冲击或雨雪载荷、风载荷较大的地方，其最上层的玻璃也须有相应的厚度与强度(这对下文所有的玻璃屋面及其他材质屋面均适用)。
C)对安装在房屋框架外侧的玻璃墙，如果要取消其侧面的紧固装置，需在其下边的楼层处预埋更强的支撑件。同时可将每块墙体四角处的四个螺栓均连接到防盗杆；防盗杆要能拉住其全部重量而起到防盗与加强结构安全的双重作用。在房屋的2楼以上，如无外力冲击与强风侵袭，可将除门窗以外所有的玻璃层全部取消厚玻璃，而使用钢化的薄玻璃。
整个玻璃外墙都有窗的透光功能，玻璃外墙上设窗只在墙上无门的情形下有必要，以便换气。
对铺砌在楼层之间的玻璃墙，在房屋的2楼以上，如无外力冲击与强风侵袭，同样可将除门窗以外所有的玻璃层都采用薄玻璃。楼层之间薄玻璃墙块的组装可按图41、42的方式进行：玻璃墙块1的面板尺寸越大(只要不大过楼层间的距离)越利于隔热，越小越利于提高强度；玻璃的边框2上每隔一定距离用结构胶粘接阻挡块3、4、5等以固定各层玻璃板6的位置；然后将两块相邻的边框及一块玻璃板粘接起来；再将其他玻璃板粘好；最后将另两块边框粘好。墙块的各层玻璃板(除最外层)在上下端应各设一个气孔，用于充入惰性气体，或在万一空腔内雾化时进行水汽清除；如果墙块的面积较小，气孔的尺寸也可相应减少，同时使用无色的封堵物，以免影响外观。
这种楼层间砌筑的玻璃墙块不需用到螺栓及拉索、拉杆等连接件，所以坠落的概率相对增大；但若在人员过往或停留的地方完全使用钢化玻璃，同时在房屋内接近玻璃外墙的地方安装栏杆或防护网(对房屋框架外侧安装的薄玻璃墙，也须设置同样的栏杆或防护网)，安全问题可解决。
这种玻璃砌块幕墙的强度和设计寿命与框式玻璃幕墙相当。
上述房屋框架外侧薄玻璃墙与房屋楼层之间薄玻璃墙的优势是造价进一步大幅度降低，甚至低于装饰墙、粉刷墙；同时其外观效果不低于任何玻璃幕墙。加上其隔热性能方面的优势，有可能较为流行。
对已建成的传统玻璃幕墙，如果要进行高效节能的装修，可在原玻璃幕墙的里侧，楼层的边缘铺砌薄玻璃墙。由于墙体重量的增加，应对楼房结构和地基的载荷进行计算，必要时将其加固。
薄玻璃砌块墙也可以用作屋内隔墙。此时可减少玻璃的层数，并将较小的墙块铺砌在在下部，较大的铺砌在上部。这种隔墙的强度有限，但具备造价低、重量轻、隔热、隔声、美观、铺砌速度快等诸多优点。
在室内外温差极大的的地区，安装在楼层间的玻璃墙可在室内房屋结构框架的局部加设保温层，这样可以有效地减少结构框架造成的冷热桥效果；最好的办法是将玻璃墙安装在房屋框架外侧，或在框架外侧加设与玻璃墙结构相同并完全覆盖框架的短墙和窄墙。这种短墙和窄墙可在中间设两个或多个连接孔(连接孔周围要设环状隔条，以避免各层空腔中的惰性气体外泄；同时需确保连接孔处的强度)，并将连接孔套在预埋或安装于房屋框架处的螺栓上，然后在螺栓端点装上垫片、螺帽、保温盖。
上述薄玻璃砌块也可以作为采光顶而横向或斜向安装在屋顶。但作为胶结的薄玻璃块，除了必须完全用钢化玻璃，玻璃块还须安装在较密的支撑结构上；若要将大面积的胶结玻璃块安装在相对稀疏的支撑结构上，须将最下一层玻璃改为厚的钢化玻璃，中间层可以较薄，最上一层需根据受冲击的可能性和雨雪载荷、风载荷而定。
D)在温度变化大的地区，如果上述节能玻璃幕墙、屋面及门窗采用的是厚玻璃，温度的变化对密封胶会造成不利的影响：气压差可能突破密封胶。如果上述节能玻璃幕墙等采用的是薄玻璃，温度的变化对玻璃会造成不利的影响：气压差可能损坏玻璃。如果出现这种情形(很多地区可能出现)，应将各玻璃面板上的换气孔连接气囊(包括房屋框架外侧的短墙、窄墙上的换气孔。在短墙、窄墙的安装过程中应将其换气孔通过不老化、不易损的管道连接到室内)。气囊可安放在方便的地方并通过小管连接室内的换气孔或通往室外的管道。在室内换气孔处的玻璃面板上可用结构胶粘接圆管，然后将气囊的小管套牢在圆管上。玻璃空腔遇热排出惰性气体时，气囊将被撑起；玻璃空腔受冷吸收气体时，气囊将收缩。如果墙上的气孔较多，可将气囊的小管分支。气囊与气管应进行密封，确保不浪费其气体。
为节约空间，气囊可设在空心的隔墙内。节能玻璃幕墙的实施C中所述的玻璃隔墙可担当此任：如图43、44，在玻璃砌块1的内侧留出竖向口2；气囊3的尺寸与砌块1相配并小于砌块1的空腔，可从 竖向口2放入砌块1的空腔并可避免气囊胀满时破坏玻璃；气囊3的背面设支撑杆以避免其下垂。安装时将气囊3从竖向口2放入空腔，同时将气囊3上的气管4另一头穿过盖条5，然后在竖向口2封上盖条5。盖条5上的气管出口需宽于气管直径，以便砌块1自身的空腔换气。盖条5需用塑料等轻质材料制作，并设扣件以便在观察气囊3或更换时可以方便地取下和盖上。为保持玻璃墙良好的外观，气管的直径可以较细，并沿玻璃墙的砌缝安装；同时可将玻璃砌块1用磨砂玻璃、压花玻璃等制作，或将气囊3用透明材料制作。
各气囊与气管应定期检测，以免堵塞或漏气。
如果上述节能玻璃幕墙、屋面及门窗的空腔内在不需透明的地方采用不透水、不透气的保温板，而且保温板填满空腔，则其换气孔、气管、气囊等皆可省去；同时其空腔不需分层，可以省去各中间层玻璃；只要其达到足够的总厚度，就可以达到预定的隔热目的。但这种方式是以牺牲玻璃的透明功能为代价的，因而使用的范围有限。
对节能房实施B中所述的幕墙砖外墙及各类带空腔的砖墙、混凝土墙等的呼吸机制，也可将其排气口连接上述气囊。但在温度变化大且日光照射强的地区幕墙砖外墙等的排气量可能非常大；如果气囊容纳不下其排气量，仍需使用滤气管并在墙内空腔中放置吸水材料。
在玻璃幕墙、屋面及门窗的各层玻璃空腔中注入惰性气体时，注气管可在换气孔处插到底，并在管上每一层空腔的位置设孔，以便同时在各层充气。如果要在各层充入不同的气体，应分开设置换气孔，并在不同的空腔中围绕气孔用环形条隔断，从而避免气体的混合；此时，在连接各层玻璃板的螺栓孔处也须安装相同的环形条，且同时设于各层进行隔断。
E)节能玻璃幕墙、屋面、和门窗的材料除了玻璃，还可以用其他低导热系数的材料(比如在气候不太冷的地区，可以采用有机玻璃；在不需透明的地方，可以采用塑料板；对使用年限不长的材料，可以定期更换)。各种材料(包括玻璃)的组装除了前文所述栓接、胶接等机械方式，还可以采用熔接或直接成型等方式，以构成可任意叠加板块层、任意控制板块间距离的结构，从而达到任意的隔热性能。
对用较轻或较软材料制成的墙体，可采用图45、46、47中的悬挂方式安装：如前视图45及放大的侧视图47，螺纹连接件1、2预埋或安装在下层房屋框架(或楼板)外侧的上部，螺纹连接件3、4预埋或安装在上层房屋框架(或楼板)外侧的下部；根据墙体的重量和连接件的尺寸，同一个墙体上的连接件数量可设多个。如楼板或框架较厚，同一层上的连接件可以上下对齐，反之可以错开(见图47中上下对齐的连接件1、3。若楼板或框架较薄，连接件1、3在上下方向可以错开，这样可将其上下位置移向中央，使埋置更牢固)。墙体5上设孔6、7、8、9(前视图45)，其位置分别与连接件1、2、3、4对应。预埋或安装连接件1、2、3、4时需用位置与孔6、7、8、9完全相同的模型固定各连接件的位置，以便后期安装墙体5时可在房屋内侧直接将其插入连接件(墙体5内侧的上、下端应设把手)，再在连接件末端装上垫片、螺帽、保温盖；更换墙体5时也可直接在房屋内侧将其取出。
连接件1、2、3、4在墙体5外侧处应设成球冠形5a(其底面朝向墙体并内凹，见放大的侧视图47)， 然后穿过墙体5进入其内侧并装上垫片、螺帽等；同时墙体5的孔6、7、8、9在外侧应设成凸面5b，并使凸面顶在连接件的球面上，从而使雨水无法顺连接件流入墙体5的孔内。另一方面，孔6、7、8、9在外侧凸起处的根部需设凹槽5c，以使墙体5外侧的雨水往下流时无法顺其面板流入孔中。
房屋框架或楼板外侧除上述连接件以外还需安装隔热块10(见前视图46)，其结构和材料可与墙体5相同，其面积应覆盖上下墙体之间的距离，其外侧在墙体5的预埋件处可分别向上、向下稍作延伸，以便分别遮住预埋件(见放大的侧视图47)。隔热块10的连接可由框架(或楼板)外侧预埋或安装的连接件11、12完成(见前视图46)；连接件11、12的位置需与隔热块10上的孔对应，因此其预埋或安装时也需使用隔热块10的模型固定。安装隔热块10时将其插入连接件11、12，然后在连接件端点拧上垫片、螺帽、及防雨盖10a(见放大的侧视图47)。防雨盖10a拧紧后其边沿应进入隔热块10上相应的凹槽10b，以使雨水无法进入隔热块中的连接孔。如果隔热块10的面积较大，可以在其上设多个连接孔，同时在房屋框架或楼板上设多个连接件。
图45、46、47中的墙体5及其相邻的墙体之间应稍留缝隙，并各沿缝隙在墙的内侧设多个小圆柱体，再将带有两排小圆孔的可移弹性密封条嵌于其上(各小圆柱体的顶部应粗于根部，各圆孔的内径则应与之相反，从而可使密封条的安装更加牢固)，从而将墙体之间的缝隙加以密封。墙体的上下边与房屋框架或楼板之间亦应稍留缝隙，并沿缝隙在墙的内侧设多个小圆柱体(可上下各设两排，形状同上)，并将带圆孔(形状同上)的可移弹性密封条嵌于其上，以封闭墙体上下边的缝隙。如果两相邻的墙体5之间的缝隙较大，应在墙体的左右侧面竖向各设一道弹性阻挡条；此阻挡条应与墙体同高，可通过在墙体侧面设外窄内阔的凹槽而安装。墙体左侧阻挡条与面板之间的距离应不同于右侧的距离，从而使相邻墙体之间形成前后两道阻挡条。在安装墙体时阻挡条需能依靠其弹性互相越过，否则应降低其厚度。阻挡条的主要作用是挡雨，其厚度超过墙体间缝隙的一半即可。如果两相邻的隔热块10之间的缝隙较大，也可用同样的方式安装弹性阻挡条。
墙体5、隔热块10、及隔热块10上遮盖预埋件的延伸部分均需在顶部设一条排水槽，排水槽应沿内侧及两边而设，并在两边朝外侧倾斜，以便将雨水引至外侧；与此同时，墙体5、隔热块10、及隔热块10上遮盖预埋件的延伸部分还需在两侧各设一条竖向排水槽，排水槽应沿内侧而设，在上部连接顶槽，在底部以钝角折向外侧，同时在槽底设边，以便将收集的雨水引至外侧；墙体5和隔热块10侧面排水槽的深度要大于上述阻挡条的凹槽。墙体5与隔热块10的底面均应朝外有一定的倾斜度，以使其内高外低，避免雨水流向内侧。此外，墙体5与隔热块10的空腔内如果填充的是气体，则换气孔须与气囊相连；更换墙体和隔热块时可用注水的方式将其内惰性气体排入新的墙体与隔热块。如果其空腔内填充的是不透水、不透气的保温材料，则可省去换气孔与气管、气囊。
上述墙体5与隔热块10的安装和拆卸都比传统的脚手架与龙骨等方式大为简化，而且强度更高，同时可使外墙的安装及装饰均在室内进行，大幅度提高建设速度。其施工对楼房的高度无限制，但在楼层边缘作业的所有人员均须连接到牢固的安全带，同时地面在作业范围内必须进行隔离。
对用较轻或较软材料制成的屋面，可将上述悬挂式安装改为横向或斜向安装：在屋面龙骨上安装指 向上方或斜上方的连接杆，然后将上述墙体平放或斜放，同时将其上的连接孔套在连接杆上，再在连接杆的端点装上垫片、螺帽、保温盖。平放或斜放的墙体(为方便起见，下文称之为屋面体)应在各个连接孔的上侧设成凸面，并在凸面根部设成凹槽，以防雨水流入连接孔。各屋面体之间应稍留缝隙，同时在四周与相邻的屋面体沿接缝设多个小圆柱体(其顶部应粗于根部)，并将带有两排小圆孔(其内径应上部大于下部，与圆柱体对应)的可移弹性密封条嵌在其上，从而封闭两个相邻的屋面体之间的缝隙。与此同时，各屋面体的上侧应沿此缝隙设排水槽，弹性密封条与屋面体的接触面应向排水槽倾斜；各相邻的屋面体之间需通过渡槽互相连接排水槽(渡槽的横截面应与排水槽相同，可为“U”形或“V”形，并熔接或胶结在两边的排水槽上。为使渡槽与排水槽的内表面平整地连接，可在排水槽处设与渡槽横截面外轮廓相同的凹面，并将渡槽两端嵌入凹面)，最终将雨水全部排放于屋面天沟内或屋檐之外。为方便排水，屋面不应设成完全水平，而需有一定的坡度。对设女儿墙的屋顶，屋面体应搭接于天沟之上；天沟需有足够的容量并配置足够的落水管，以避免大雨或融雪溢出其外。对不设女儿墙的屋顶，屋面体应搭接于外墙顶端并超越其位置，以便排水。对于其他外形与结构的屋顶，需根据具体情况设置。
上述屋面体的空腔内如果填充的是气体，同样需将其各层空腔通过换气孔连接到气囊；如果其空腔内填充的是不透水、不透气的保温材料，也可省去换气孔与气管、气囊。
上述屋面体的安装可以在室内进行，施工人员不必爬到屋顶：可在房屋最高层的楼面将屋面体顶起(或通过临时支架吊起)，然后移至连接杆的位置，将其位置下降并插入连接杆，即可进行所有后续的安装工作。最后一块屋面体应安装于最高处并设较小的面积，以使其与各相邻的屋面体间留出足够的间隙而便于操作；在其底部应设横向的插槽，以便在四周的间隙里放置保温棉并通过横向的插板固定。然后通过其间隙在连接杆端点装上垫片、螺帽、保温盖(如有垫片、螺帽等失手掉在屋面，须移开此屋面体取回，以避免安全隐患)；接着将排水渡槽安放到位后加以焊接或胶结；再将底面带多根拉线和凹孔的宽密封条(其拉线和凹孔需设在宽密封条的各连接孔处)通过其拉线嵌入间隙两边的圆柱体(对准密封条位置时可用小棒顶在凹孔中。为方便密封条的安装和固定，圆柱体可在上端设较小直径，中段增粗，下段变细)；最后将无碎屑的片状保温棉或包裹后的散装保温棉填入此屋面体四周的间隙，并在其底部插槽里插入塑料等制成的轻质插板(插板上应设防止其滑出的扣件)，从而避免保温棉掉落。
使用这种室内安装的方式可以使屋面的施工更加便利。对设有天井、门厅等结构的多层建筑，如其天井设顶，门厅直通屋面，同时屋顶的支撑结构可以载人，则天井、门厅等处屋面的安装更适于在屋顶进行(安装时所有的作业人员必须连接到安全带，并须在下边设多层牢固的安全网)；如屋顶的支撑结构不能载人，则需在其下部搭建安装的平台。
上述屋面的安装方式也可改为倒挂式：在屋面龙骨上安装指向下方或斜下方的连接杆，并将连接杆的根部设成球冠形(其底面朝下并内凹)；然后将上述屋面体水平或倾斜顶起，同时在其连接孔插入连接杆，并将连接孔上侧的凸起处顶至连接杆根部的球面，从而使雨水无法顺连接杆流入连接孔；再在连接杆的端点装上垫片、螺帽、保温盖。其连接杆须能充分承载屋面体的重量并在四周成对设置(假设一对连接杆中有一个损坏，另一个须能单独承担其重量)。最后一块屋面体也应设较小的面积，并用与上述室内安装的最后一块屋面体相同的方法安装于最高处；但其与各相邻的屋面体之间留出的间隙可以较小， 因为不需通过此间隙去上侧安装垫片、螺帽等。使用这种倒挂式可以使屋面的安装和拆卸更适于在室内进行，同时除多层建筑的天井和直通屋面的门厅以外，可在屋面的任何局部方便地进行安装或更换。
如用有机玻璃、塑料等生产上述墙体、屋面或门窗等(其材料不能采用释放有害物质的品种，必须完全达到安全标准；同时必须完全达到防火标准，杜绝易燃、易爆品种。下文所有用于室内的制品与此相同，为方便起见，不再重述)，其重量很轻、造价很低、颜色非常丰富，而且结构强度与保温功能可以毫不逊色于其他材料；但其使用寿命很短(一般不超过10年，屋顶更短)。若外墙、屋面采用这些材料，其安装可以采用上述悬挂式和横向式、斜向式、倒挂式等，以便于更换；同时在二楼以上靠外墙的楼板处须加装防护栏或防护网，并统一、定期更换屋面体、墙体、隔热块、和门窗。此外，其所有材料上均须在统一的醒目位置(如屋面体的下边，墙体内侧两边，隔热块的上边)熔铸生产时间和使用期限(否则均须视为不合格)，同时须定期检查各材料上的使用期限及材料的透明度、成色、强度，从而排除材料老化造成的安全隐患。如不能确保上述维护工作的进行，其材料只能作短期或临时使用，并须及时拆除。另一方面，由于其较易熔化、防盗功能有限，需在房屋有防盗要求的楼层或区域安装防盗网(可将安全网与之合二为一)，同时在有防盗要求的门窗上安装防盗门、防盗窗。
为安装其门窗上的铰链(见发明内容1Db，图9、10)，可在门窗的内侧设孔并在孔中埋置螺帽，然后通过螺栓将图9、10中的紧固板1、2固定在门窗上。紧固板1或2可以设得很长，并可在其两侧设置对称的圆柱a，同时在门框或窗框上设置两个对称的金属板e夹住两个圆柱a，从而可使紧固板1、2支撑很宽的门窗，而不必增大门窗面板的厚度。门锁、窗闩等连接亦可通过埋置螺帽而实现。
如用上述有机玻璃、塑料等生产的墙体和屋面、门窗等来进行已建房屋的保温装修，除了在必要的地方加装防盗门、防盗窗之外，其安装和拆卸的便捷程度非常高、保温性能可以不低于任何其他节能房，而且由于原建筑的保护与遮蔽作用，使用寿命可以延长。其建设成本很低，并可以起到很好的室内装饰效果(在使用期限内，有机玻璃、塑料等具有光学性能、颜色、可塑性等装饰方面的优势)。除门窗以外，其墙体和屋面体等的空腔壁可以设得很薄。整座建筑只需在外墙的内侧通过悬挂式加装这种墙体、在坡面屋顶下的支架处平铺这种屋面体、在平面屋顶的下侧倒挂这种屋面体、在房屋底层的下侧进行这种材料的倒挂(其结构与屋面体相同，为方便起见，下文称之为地板层)、并将门窗更换成这种节能门窗(或在原门窗处加装这种节能门窗)。与新建房中这种材料的应用相比，在已建房的保温装修中各墙体、屋面体、地板层、门窗可以省去排水槽、挡雨的阻挡条等，但须保留密封条。在其悬挂式或倒挂式安装中可应用化学螺栓或焊接；在平铺式安装中为固定屋面体等的位置，亦可使用化学螺栓或焊接。化学螺栓可通过螺帽将连接杆固定(连接杆可设成“L”形，下部设孔套在化学螺栓上)，再将连接杆穿过墙体、屋面体等的连接孔，然后在连接杆端点装上垫片、螺帽、保温盖。
两相邻的连接杆可以设成一个“U”形连接件，并在其底部设孔，共用一个化学螺栓。化学螺栓应避免打在房屋的结构框架上；如外墙上结构框架的宽度较大，可以远离边线设置化学螺栓，并将待安装墙体上的连接孔设在相应位置。在倒挂式安装中，如果屋面、地板为现浇的钢筋混凝土板，可在其上打孔，并用螺栓从上侧穿过，连接下面的轻钢横杆(地板上打螺栓孔时应凿出螺母的空间，以避免螺母突 出，造成地板不平)，同时将指向下方的轻质连接杆通过其上端的箍套在轻钢横杆上，然后将屋面体、地板层的连接孔通过轻质连接杆挂在横杆上(轻质连接杆的下端要设轻质螺帽等阻挡件)。在混凝土板打孔时须用钢筋位置仪等避开钢筋的位置。在外墙打螺栓时须用钢筋扫描仪等检查墙内是否有电缆、水管之类(待安装墙体的连接孔位置可设数种类型，以便遇此情形时可更换相应的类型以避开墙内设施)。同时，在外墙及混凝土板打孔时须佩戴绝缘手套，打完孔时及施工前均须用验电笔等检测。
如用塑料薄膜等非常轻的材料对已建房屋的墙体和屋面、地板、门窗进行保温装修，其安装和拆卸比上述有机玻璃、塑料等面板更加便捷。若薄膜空腔内填充的是保温板，空腔壁的厚度只要能承载保温板的重量即可，保温板要有一定的刚度并维持所需的外观轮廓；若薄膜空腔内填充的是气体，空腔壁的厚度只要能避免漏气即可，其轮廓由充气后的形状所决定。填充气体比填充保温材料可以节约成本而不降低保温效果和外观效果。对充气的墙体而言，其结构和安装应作以下调整：如图48、49，可在其上侧采用硬质的空心肋板1(见前视图48和侧视图49，肋板用塑料等轻质材料制作)，从而保证连接杆2之下的薄膜3不下垂；同时在肋板1上设置横跨各层的气管4(如各层所注入的气体不同，需分开设置气管)；墙体中的各层空腔均可隔成长条形，同时将并排的各长条连接到一根与之垂直的总长条，总长条与气管4相通；各并排长条之间除了通过总长条应互不相通；另外，此薄膜软墙体的连接孔应设置在肋板1中；原墙体上的连接件应达到墙体的顶端，以便薄膜软墙体也达到顶端。
如果原墙体顶端有很宽的框架梁或其中有电缆、水管等，可使用底面较长的“L”形连接杆，并可在连接杆底面设两个连接墙体的螺栓孔，从而可不必在梁上打螺栓，也可避开其他设施，并避免连接杆转动。软墙体顶端的肋板1与天花板之间的空隙可填以海绵等材料。海绵等材料不应完全封闭其空隙，而需留出一定的间隔以便原墙体处的少量空气热胀冷缩。
两个相邻的软墙体之间可通过拉链封闭。软墙体两端到达隔墙的地方可设封闭条，封闭条背面贴双面胶，并贴在隔墙上。软墙体下端到达地板之处也可设封闭条并用同样的方法贴于地板。拉链与封闭条上可设装饰性镶边。
软墙体的内侧应设反射膜以阻断热辐射。软墙体的外侧可设多种颜色、边框、图案等，从而营造良好的室内效果。在需要的地方也可设为透明。此外，这种软墙体还易于利用灯光散射，设计多种氛围。
软墙体安装到位后即可通过其气管注入气体。不同的气体需连接不同的气管。气体注满之后其气管的另一端须连接气囊。气囊可设成图50中的压力气囊：气囊1的顶部设多个重力包2，包内注水并可通过螺纹盖3打开或封闭(类似早餐豆浆包)。各重力包相连，覆盖整个气囊顶部。软墙体连接到气囊时其顶部注水包的重量要在冷天足以防止气囊被撑起，同时在热天不因重量过大而造成气囊或软墙体、气管等随气体膨胀而破裂。由于注水包的重量(其重量保持在一个合理的恒定值即可)所形成的压力，软墙体的各个空腔能始终保持张开状态。由于单个压力气囊的高度不能过大，可将多个压力气囊并排放置或分层放在架子上；围绕气囊可设若干竖杆，以便气囊充气升高或排气下降时可被阻挡于竖杆范围内，从而避免其倾斜或滚动；如将气囊底部设成硬板，可进一步固定其位置。
对于塑料薄膜等非常轻的材料制造的倒挂于房屋顶层的充气屋面体或倒挂于地板下的充气地板层，其结构和安装应作以下调整：如图51、52，可将轻钢横杆1的两边设钩2(见后视图51和侧视图52)， 并将硬质空心肋板3(其材料与上述软墙体的空心肋板相同)挂在轻钢横杆之间，同时在薄膜屋面体或地板层4上每隔一定距离设肋板3，以避免其下垂。每个屋面体或地板层上均应设穿越其各层空腔的气管5(气管5设在空心肋板3中的一个上即可)。与软墙体一样，如各层所注入的气体不同，需分开设置气管；各层空腔均应隔成长条形，结构与软墙体相同；同时各气管均需连接压力气囊。
各屋面体或地板层之间可通过拉链封闭。其到达外墙处可设封闭条并用与上述软墙体相同的方法贴在外墙内侧。拉链和封闭条上可设装饰性镶边。如果房顶或地板为不透气的结构，其下的屋面体或地板层不应完全封闭，可在封闭条处设少数孔洞，以便其上部的空气热张冷缩。与此同时，应设置与上述软墙体相同的反射膜和多种颜色、边框、图案、光线效果等。
门的保温只需在外墙门或直接与户外相通的门上进行；绝大多数不需拆下已有的门，只要在原门后面安装“L”形连接杆并悬挂上述薄膜隔热体(亦即上述软墙体、屋面体等)即可。如果门容易受到碰撞，其内填充泡沫板等材料可比填充气体提供更强的抗冲击性能。薄膜隔热体的“L”形连接杆可同时设于门的上下边，以利于薄膜隔热体的固定；其“L”形连接杆端点应安装保温盖，以便同时隔热和缓冲偶然的碰撞。薄膜隔热体在门锁和把手的位置应留出操作的空间，必要时可以设成一个洞，洞上带一个可以开合的保温塞。窗的保温一般也不需拆下已有的窗户，只要悬挂上述薄膜隔热体即可。可在原窗户内侧的墙上沿其边线设一个框架，框架的上端连接在墙上；框架的上下端均设“L”形连接杆并用上述门上的方式安装薄膜隔热体。打开时可支起或拉起框架(完全打开时可支起或拉起90度以上)。框架只需支持薄膜隔热体的重量，可以设得很轻；其与外墙应有足够牢固的连接(可将两根或多根条形连接件通过化学螺栓竖向固定在窗的上方，在条形连接件的下端设横向的圆孔，同时在框架的上边设相应的圆孔并对接，形成铰链结构)。框架的下边可设把手，薄膜隔热体在把手处可用上述门上的方式留出操作的空间。如果将此框架的铰链结构设在侧面，框架的强度需作相应的提高，以免变形。
上述填充气体的薄膜隔热体均连接压力气囊。如要省去压力气囊，可将薄膜隔热体中的各个空腔设成内置伸缩气囊：如图53(剖面图)，空腔1隔成多个可折叠的气囊2；气囊2的壁3应比壁4柔软，以便气囊遇冷收缩时壁3折叠而壁4坚挺；同一层的各气囊2之间可在各自端部设置一个小孔互相连通，以便充气；若薄膜隔热体的各层空腔充入的气体不同，各层之间不能连通。充气一般应在现场完成，以减少运输时的体积；充气量应使内置气囊在达到使用地区的最高温度时不至因膨胀而破裂，在达到使用地区的最低温度时不至引起隔热体变形；同时气囊壁应有足够的强度以使其对气体可以进行相应的压缩。对悬挂在墙上的这种薄膜隔热体，为方便其在与墙面垂直的方向收缩和伸展，其上端的空心肋板可加设滑杆：如图54，薄膜隔热体1的空心肋板2下侧设若干滑杆3；面层薄膜(离原墙最远的一层薄膜)4固定在滑杆3的一端，其他各层薄膜5、6、7等可通过其上端的孔在滑杆3上自由滑动。如薄膜隔热体的面层不够平整，可在其上设若干肋条而形成框架或网面，并在搬运时将其卷成筒状。
如要省去悬挂在墙上的薄膜隔热体上端的滑杆，也可将其内置气囊设为不伸缩的压缩气囊：薄膜隔热体的各层空腔隔成较小的气囊，同时模拟使用地区的最低气温或将气体压缩成与最低气温相同的密度，然后将各气囊充气并密封。各气囊之间须互不连通(即使在同一层空腔)。各气囊的体积越小，其壁厚与体积之比越大，因而其压缩气体的能力越强，越不容易破裂。应针对不同的使用地区设定气囊的壁厚、体积、和气囊中气体的密度，以使最低气温下充满的气体在达到最高气温时被压缩在相同的体积内而无 法使气囊破裂或变形。
为方便内置压缩气囊的薄膜隔热体运输，可在现场进行充气和密封：可将各气囊设成长条形，均连接到薄膜隔热体的侧面或外表，均在侧面或外表设气孔；然后根据施工场地的气温以相应的气压将气囊充满并密封。
这种内置压缩气囊的薄膜隔热体也可应用于屋面、地板、门窗。
薄膜隔热体可以设多种形式，但其任意层、任意空腔厚度的薄膜结构不变。其中外置压力气囊的方式利于节约材料，内置伸缩气囊的方式次之；内置保温板的方式利于外形固定，内置压缩气囊的方式次之。每一种方式皆有其特点、利弊、和适用范围。
上述软性墙体、屋面体、地板层、和门窗均用薄膜代替面板，其重量和造价在已建房的保温装修中具有压倒性优势，而其保温性能可以达到任意的目标，室内装饰也能达到良好的效果，因而在高效节能房的普及中能发挥较重要的作用。
在新建房时，如要节约成本，也可选择用上述薄膜隔热体取代全部或部分永久性隔热设施；此时可在建房过程中预埋其薄膜结构的连接件。
如果在已建房的保温装修中取消薄膜结构，也可代之以保温板。但保温板在无薄膜结构的情况下直接用于室内安装，其材质和外观比用于填充的保温板需达到更高的要求，因而造价会提高，同时更换或翻新外观时也远不如更换薄膜容易。然而在有相应要求的房屋中，这种直接用保温板的方式也可以应用。采用这种方式时，各板块之间的密封可以通过阴阳槽完成(一边凸起，对应边内凹，两边靠在一起而密封)。
进行上述各种保温装修时应避免整栋楼中的用户各自为政，而应统一装修，以免在隔墙等处造成材料、人力及空间的浪费。
如用玻璃通过直接成型制成上述墙体或屋面、门窗，其重量比有机玻璃和塑料大，但可以通过大幅度减薄各内层玻璃而大大降低重量，并可应用上述悬挂式、横向式、斜向式、倒挂式等安装方式，以及防护栏、防护网和同样的密封、排水方式。这样可以省去其组装和安装过程中大量的人力和材料，大幅度降低房屋建设的成本(如果批量生产，其成本可低于前文节能玻璃幕墙的实施C中所述的组装式薄玻璃墙体、屋面)，而保温性能、强度和外观不亚于任何上述其他形式的材料和安装方式，并且可以投入永久性使用。这种玻璃墙体及屋面、门窗有可能更受欢迎。
为尽量减轻玻璃墙体、屋面、门窗的重量，可将直接成型、熔接、胶结等相结合(比如用直接成型生产边框，用熔接或胶接安装超薄的内层)。由于门窗等处的震动，其各层须具备相应的抗冲击、震动的能力。
用直接成型和熔接等方法生产的玻璃墙体和屋面、门窗，由于其一体化的侧面可以防止变形，同时墙体和屋面的安装可采用悬挂式、横向式、斜向式等方式，前文(发明内容1Da，图5、6、7、8)中所述的紧固件可以省去。
其门窗上铰链(见发明内容1Db，图9、10)、门锁、窗闩等的连接件，可在门窗生产过程中用螺栓、垫片、螺帽等先固定在门扇或窗扇上，再用熔接等方法完成门窗的生产。紧固板1或2可以设得很长， 可在其两侧设置对称的圆柱a并将两个圆柱同时连接在门框或窗框上，从而可使紧固板1、2支撑很宽的门窗。
如用上述由直接成型等方法生产的玻璃墙体和屋面、门窗来进行已建房屋的保温装修，其安装和拆卸的便捷程度也比较高，保温性能可以不低于任何其他节能房，而且可以投入永久性使用。同时其较厚的玻璃面板可以省去加装防盗门窗的必要。但其重量较大，宜与上述有机玻璃、塑料等生产的墙体和屋面相结合，可主要应用在门窗上。
F)当玻璃墙安装于楼层之间时，房屋的框架外侧需加以装饰。此时可在混凝土框架的相应位置预埋螺栓(可将螺母朝里埋入混凝土)，以便后期安装用于保温的短墙、窄墙、以及装饰面。不能在外装饰时将大量的化学螺栓等打入混凝土框架。如果是钢结构框架，同样应事先设置好螺栓。
在气候较温和的地区，如果不需进行房屋框架的保温而可以达到预定的隔热目标，则其短墙、窄墙可以省去。进行装饰时可将饰面的接头用螺帽固定在螺栓上。这种方式对金属板饰面的安装比较方便，因为其背面容易通过焊接等方式安装接头。如果要安装石材面板或陶瓷面板等，可将图17、18(发明内容2B)中的预埋件埋在混凝土框架中，或预装在钢结构上。如果是低层建筑，也可以采用粘贴瓷板等方式进行装饰，并省去预埋件。
框架的装饰需在玻璃墙的安装之前进行，这样才能方便材料的运送和安装。
3)节能石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙等的实施：
A)这类幕墙的承载须由强度高的墙体完成；尤其是石材幕墙与陶瓷幕墙，其重量通常很大。如果金属幕墙等重量不大，则可相应降低对承载墙的要求。空心砖或轻质混凝土砌块能否达到足够的强度来承载这类幕墙，须根据其具体尺寸和结构由实验决定。
在铺设砖混墙时，可在尺寸较大的混凝土砌块中每隔一定高度铺设厚度较小的砖(或小混凝土砌块)，并将图17、18中的构件a、b，及构件a1、b1分别埋在其砌缝中。这些砖或小混凝土砌块可有若干层，其总厚度要使图17中的金属板g1能作充分的上下移动；同时，这些砖或小混凝土砌块的位置要与石材面板(或其他材质面板)的尺寸对应(可沿面板的水平接缝线上下铺设)。此外，在铺砌这些砖或混凝土小砌块时，可以在墙的另一侧预埋幕墙砖内墙的连接件，并应用前文(节能房的实施B)幕墙砖外墙技术扩展的各项内容，以进一步节约材料、或提高保温性能。虽然此时幕墙砖是设于内侧，但不影响其技术的实施。
B)一块面板可通过4个台阶形金属板而固定。这些金属板的位置和安装顺序可采用如下方式：见图55，将面板1下边的金属板g1、g2靠外，上边的金属板g3、g4靠内安装；然后将面板2的金属板g5、g6靠外，g7、g8靠内安装；以此类推。通过这种方式，可以在调节螺帽、螺母时避免上排的连接件阻挡下排的操作。
台阶形金属板g1(见图17、18)上的两个螺栓f11、f22在上下方向应紧靠金属板，同时其螺母的上 侧面应设为水平，以加大对金属板g1的支撑面。螺栓f11、f22的杆部靠螺母处应设为方形或五角形等，并穿过金属板g1上与之匹配的孔，以避免其在金属板g1上转动；螺栓杆上方形(或五角形等)部分的长度应与金属板g1的厚度相同，如有超出部分，可在安装其螺帽时加垫片。
在安装面板的过程中，调节下排及里侧的螺帽、螺母时，需使用加长的套筒或传动的套筒、传动的扳手。
如图56，加长的套筒1应有足够长的连杆2，以达到下排的螺帽、螺母。
传动套筒可采用如下结构：见图57、58，齿轮1通过转轴a固定在金属杆2的下端(见后视图57)；齿轮3通过转轴b固定在金属杆2的上部；链条4连接齿轮1、3；转盘5固定在齿轮3上；套筒6固定在齿轮1上(见侧视图58)；金属杆2的上部设手柄7。
操作传动套筒时，一手握住手柄7，一手握住转盘5，将套筒套在螺母或螺帽上，然后转动转盘5。如果螺栓超出螺帽的部分较长，则需在装配套筒6时选用相应的长度，以免套筒6够不到螺帽或转动螺帽时螺栓将套筒顶出。
如果幕墙面板与墙体之间的距离容不下传动套筒的尺寸，则可采用如下传动扳手的结构：见图59、60，空心齿轮1的后部为凹槽a(见侧视图59)，通过半圆形连接件b及b1固定在金属杆2的下端(见侧视图59和后视图60，后视图60中为显示内部结构削去了凹槽a的一边)，其中半圆形连接件b为金属杆2的固有部分，半圆形连接件b1为外加的部分；齿轮1可在金属杆2的下端转动；齿轮1上安装空心金属片c；空心金属片c可套在螺帽或螺母上并使其转动；齿轮3通过转轴d固定在金属杆2的上部；链条4连接齿轮1、3；转盘5固定在齿轮3上；金属杆2的上部设手柄6。
这种传动的扳手也可在其空心金属片c处安装套筒，并使套筒与图58中的传动套筒6方向相反，从而更便于传动套筒的操作：通过转盘5可以同时转动和向前推动套筒6。
如要减少这种传动扳手上空心齿轮1的凹槽处金属滑动的声音，可在其中安装轴承(下文各传动扳手与此相同)。
如果要同时转动面板连接件上的两个螺母或螺帽，可用双加长套筒或双传动套筒(扳手)。相对单套筒(扳手)而言，双套筒(扳手)可以加快操作速度，但对于某些微调，前者仍需用到。
双加长套筒用于转动竖向螺母，可采用图61、62中的结构：转杆1、2的下端分别装有齿轮a、b和套筒3、4(见前视图61及齿轮的俯视图62)；转杆5的下端装有齿轮c，上端装有把手6。转动把手6时，齿轮c可以同时带动齿轮d、e及齿轮a、b转动，从而使套筒3、4转动。如果螺母的阻力大，可加大齿轮a、b相对齿轮c的直径比；也可加长把手6上横杆的长度，同时在方框7的上边设相应长度的横杆。由于双加长套筒之间的距离不易设为可调，制造中需统一螺母之间的距离，或将其距离设为数种型号。
横向双传动扳手用于转动内外向螺帽，可采用图63中的结构：空心齿轮1、2的后部为凹槽(与图59、60中的单传动扳手一样)，通过半圆形连接件分别固定在金属杆3的下端；空心齿轮1、2可在金属杆3的下端转动；空心齿轮1、2上均安装空心金属片；空心金属片可套在螺帽上并使其转动；齿轮4通过转轴固定在金属杆3的上部；链条5连接齿轮1、2、4；转盘6固定在齿轮4上；金属杆3的上端设手 柄7。转动转盘6时，可以同时带动齿轮1、2转动。如果螺帽的阻力大，可加大齿轮1、2相对齿轮4的直径比；也可加大转盘6的直径。
竖向双传动扳手用于转动横向螺帽，可采用图64、65中的结构：空心齿轮1、2的后部为凹槽(与图59、60中的单传动扳手一样)，空心齿轮1的凹槽通过半圆形连接件固定在金属杆3的下端，空心齿轮2的凹槽通过半圆形连接件b、双导轨b1、及拉杆b2而固定在金属杆3的中段(见后视图64)；齿轮1、2可在金属杆3上转动；通过拉杆b2的上下移动，可拉动半圆形连接件b在导轨b1间移动，从而调节空心齿轮1、2之间的距离，以适应螺帽之间上下距离的各种变化(这些变化由砖和砖缝的厚度所引起)；空心齿轮1、2上均安装空心金属片c；空心金属片c可套在螺帽上并使其转动；齿轮4通过转轴d安装在金属杆3的上部；转轴d可在双导轨d1间移动，并接在连杆5上；连杆5的另一端接在转杆6上(见后视图64和前视图65)；链条7连接齿轮1、2、4。
转杆6转到与金属杆3垂直时，其两端的凹槽6a要撑开链条7，以使齿轮2脱离链条，从而可上下拉动，同时其扣件8要挡在金属杆3上而防止逆转，阻挡件8a要防止顺转；齿轮2拉到其对应的螺帽位置并套上之后，将扣件8松开，同时将转杆6转到与金属杆3平行的位置并将扣件8卡在阻挡件8b上加以固定。将转杆6转动到与金属杆3平行时，转轴d被顶到最高位置；将转杆6转到与金属杆3垂直时，转轴d被拉到最低位置；连杆5与转杆6之间连接点的位置不同可以使转轴d在导轨d1间移动不同的距离，其距离应等于转杆6撑开链条7时其需下降的距离，以使链条7始终不脱离齿轮1、4。转盘9固定在齿轮4上(前视图65中为显示内部结构削去了转盘9的一边)。金属杆3的上端设手柄10。转动转盘9时，可以同时带动齿轮1、2转动。如果螺帽的阻力大，可以加大齿轮1、2相对齿轮4的直径比，也可加大转盘9的直径。
扣件8的剖面见图66：弹簧1可以使扣件的阻挡板2向下推；用手夹住压板3和固定板4时阻挡板2即可抬起；固定板4连接在转杆5上。
双传动套筒用于转动横向螺帽，可以按双传动扳手的方式设置，但一般不需用到。
此外，在安装图17、18中的转动螺帽d、d1、d4、d5及转动螺母d2、d3时，可按下列方式进行：如图67、68，转动螺帽或螺母d的大端1横截面为多边形，用于连接套筒或扳手；小端2的横截面为圆形，用于连接固定件3中的圆孔并在其中转动；小端2上开槽4、槽5；槽4、5较深，但在转动螺帽上不可以深得超过其壁厚而露出孔洞、在转动螺母上不可以深得影响其杆部的强度；同时转动螺帽或螺母d在小端2处的壁厚或直径不能过小，以免槽4、5达不到足够的深度；槽4、槽5方向平行，横截面为方形，用于插入焊接件6。装配时将转动螺帽或螺母d的小端2穿过固定件3中的圆孔，然后在小端2套上垫片7，再将焊接件6插入槽4、5，最后在焊接件6的6a、6b、6c处将其同时焊牢在垫片7与小端2上(为安全和准确起见，不能只进行焊接而省略上述插槽结构；同时需使用易于焊接的材料制造焊接件6和垫片7)。垫片7、焊接件6与槽4、5等可以有效地阻止转动螺帽或螺母脱离所连接的构件。垫片7的厚度要使转动螺帽或螺母d稳当地连接在固定件3上而不留间隙，同时固定件3中圆孔的内径要恰好与转动螺帽或螺母d的小端2匹配，这样才能避免其松动，从而精确地将幕墙的面板安装到位。
图18中的固定螺帽d22、d33不能以在构件g上设螺丝孔的方式代替(除非整个构件g采用与螺帽 相同的材料与工艺制造)，因为普通钢材上的螺丝孔强度低于螺帽，如果在使用中螺丝孔损坏，不易更换。在装配固定螺帽d22、d33时，可以在构件g上相应的位置设与螺帽形状相同的外框，并让外框的高度达到螺帽的一半；然后放置螺帽及另半个中间设孔(用于穿过构件f或f1)的外框；最后将外框的两部分在四周焊接起来。
C)幕墙的面板安装到位之后，相邻面板之间的缝隙应加以密封，以防雨水进入内侧而影响金属件的防锈。
这类幕墙的强度和设计寿命不低于任何其他传统幕墙。
D)对已建成的传统石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙等，如果要进行高效节能的装修，可在原墙的里侧应用幕墙砖内墙技术设置空腔、保温层、和内墙。可参照前文发明内容2D(图19、20、21)中的方法安装金属连接件；如果原墙有足够的强度、并且待安装的内墙材料较轻，也可以在室内通过打化学螺栓而安装其连接件；如果材料非常轻(即使倒塌也无危险)，也可打膨胀螺栓而安装连接件。打化学螺栓或膨胀螺栓时应避开房屋的结构梁，并用钢筋扫描仪等避开墙内的设施。化学螺栓或膨胀螺栓的连接可采用图69、70、71、72中的方式：可在连接件1的一头设孔2(见前视图69)，另一头设孔3(见前视图69和侧视图70)；化学螺栓或膨胀螺栓打好后，孔2套在其上，从而将连接件1固定在墙上；安装两个连接件1，即可通过孔3而固定螺栓4。也可以在连接件5的中间设孔6(见前视图71)，两头设孔7、8(见前视图71和侧视图72)；通过孔6和化学螺栓或膨胀螺栓而将连接件5固定在墙上，然后通过孔7、8而固定螺栓9；如果连接件5和螺栓9较长，可在连接件5的中间设两个孔6。
同时，前文(具体实施方式1B)幕墙砖外墙技术扩展的各项内容也可应用，并使其方向相反(将幕墙砖设于内侧)，以进一步提高其隔热性能，或减轻重量、减少施工环节。总体上，由于墙体重量的增加，需对楼房结构和地基的载荷进行计算，必要时可进行结构和地基的加固。
如果内墙采用轻钢龙骨石膏板等结构，其强度会大幅度下降，而且造价无优势；但其重量比多种材质的内墙轻(不包括薄的轻质混凝土内墙)，在结构或地基载荷能力有限的房屋上也可应用。
4)节能装饰墙、粉刷墙的实施：由于不需承载象石材幕墙那样重的面材，新建节能装饰墙与粉刷墙时可以更便利地应用前文(具体实施方式1B)所述的各项幕墙砖外墙技术扩展内容，并使其方向相反。内外墙及保温层建成之后，可在轻质混凝土(或其他材质)的外墙上进行粘贴瓷板、粉刷等外装饰工作。如果其连接为螺栓型，则内墙与保温层的铺设、安装也可以在外墙及外装饰完成之后进行。
如果是对已有装饰墙、粉刷墙进行保温装修，可完全按上文(节能石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙等的实施D)中的方式进行。
5)高效节能房的建设成本和经济效益：用上述工艺建设的高效节能房(包括其节能门窗、幕墙、装饰墙、粉刷墙等)，在外墙、地板等部位增加了保温层，其保温层的成本是不高的；幕墙砖外墙增加了中空的幕墙砖，其成本也较低；石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙等省去了巨大金属框架的建设，其成本可 大幅度下降；门窗及玻璃幕墙用到多层玻璃，大量减少了金属的使用，其成本下降的幅度也较大；其薄膜代替面板的保温方式则能使成本降低许多倍，使高效节能房的实现近在咫尺。总体上，其建设的成本不但不升高，而且有较大幅度的下降。另一方面，高效节能房可以大幅度减少空调、暖气的用量，为用户节约大量的资金、为社会节约可观的能源(普及后其每年节约的能源相当于多个三峡电站的年发电量)，从而为经济、社会的发展起到应有的作用。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种节能房，其特征在于门扇、窗扇、外墙或屋面设有组装或直接成型的任意层玻璃板块或任意层导热系数低的板块，板块的间距可以任意选择，板块组合后隔热性能达到设保温层的砖墙或混凝土外墙同等的水平；同时屋面、地板与外墙分别为现有的通用保温结构或幕墙砖外墙结构，从而使整房所有的部分均覆盖于保温结构之内，可实现任意的保温性能和可行的建设成本；其保温结构的厚度与材料可使传热系数大大低于0.2w/㎡·k；其幕墙用直接连接或直接铺砌的结构取代传统的框架、龙骨结构；其装饰墙、粉刷墙设有螺栓、钢筋连接的双墙隔热结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于门扇、窗扇、外墙或屋面的板块之间在周边位置设有导热系数低的隔条，隔条被板块直接夹紧而形成无冷热桥的边框及板块间的空腔；空腔被密封，空腔内填充气体或保温材料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于门扇、窗扇、外墙或屋面多层板块的侧面用金属杆或高强度材料所构成的紧固件进行固定，从而可避免多层板块的错位、变形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于门扇、窗扇、外墙或屋面板块上外露的金属件设有隔热的帽盖。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于门扇、窗扇、外墙或屋面板块中填充气体的空腔设有换气孔，并在温差大的条件下连接气囊；砖墙或混凝土外墙的空腔气孔处设有带吸水材料和冷凝装置的滤气管，或连接气囊。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于门窗框架中设有多个导轨和封闭面；封闭面的长度无限制，并可实现整体的同时封闭与开启。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于螺栓直接组装的玻璃墙或低导热板块墙安装在房屋的外侧或铺砌在房屋的楼层之间，节省了巨大的金属框架、支撑件及成本。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于螺栓直接组装的玻璃块或低导热板块横向或斜向安装在屋顶，而成为保温采光顶或保温屋面。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房,其特征在于将可移的反射膜安装在导轨上，从而可横向或斜向在屋顶处开启和关闭；导轨的端点设有斜面，以将连接件引导至导轨。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于将任意层的玻璃板或低导热板块用结构胶直接组装成可以铺设的砌块，或用熔接、直接成型等方式制造成可以铺设的砌块，并能达到任意的隔热性能；同时将砌块作为外墙铺设在房屋的楼层之间，作为房顶安装在屋面，或作为隔墙铺设在房屋内部。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于将任意层的玻璃板或低导热板块用直接成型、熔接、胶结的方式制成可以悬挂的块体，并能达到任意的隔热性能；块体作为外墙安装在房屋框架和楼板的外侧，作为房顶、门窗安装在房屋的相应部位，或作为隔热层安装在房屋的所有部位；块体可直接在房屋内安装到框架和楼板外侧，并通过可移的弹性密封条在外墙和屋顶进行密封、通过块体上的排水槽和渡槽排水，从而使其安装更便利，同时易于更 换。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于用薄膜代替面板而制成薄膜隔热结构或用保温板代替薄膜隔结构，通过悬挂、倒挂、平铺的方式用于需达到任意保温要求的已建房或新建房；同时通过压力气囊、内置气囊、泡沫板、肋条确保张开薄膜隔热结构。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙及其他材料幕墙的面板通过三维可调的连接件直接固定在主体墙上，节省了巨大的金属框架及成本。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙及其他材料幕墙的主体墙内侧设保温层及内墙，从而可任意提高其隔热性能。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于石材幕墙、陶瓷幕墙、金属幕墙及其他材料幕墙的面板连接件可通过螺帽在螺纹杆上的转动而进行精确的调节；同时其螺帽与螺母通过齿轮与链条等传动的套筒或扳手进行操作。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于反向应用幕墙砖外墙技术：将幕墙砖设在房屋内侧，混凝土砌块设在外侧，而形成幕墙砖内墙技术。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的节能房，其特征在于扩展幕墙砖外墙技术：在主体墙应用厚砌块与薄砌块的组合，从而缩短螺栓的长度，节约材料；在螺栓上安装隔热套筒，从而进一步减少传热；加大幕墙砖的宽度，从而省去内、外墙的连接；内、外墙均用混凝土砌块铺砌，省去连接；内、外墙均用空心砖铺砌，省去连接；内墙用砖、外墙用混凝土砌块铺砌，省去连接；内、外墙用砖铺砌，二者用砖连接；用薄的混凝土砌块取代幕墙砖，保留内外墙的连接。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的节能房，其特征在于：在已有墙上增设内墙时，连接件通过打孔、开槽而埋入，或通过化学螺栓、膨胀螺栓安装；同时其内墙应用幕墙砖、轻质混凝土砌块、轻钢龙骨石膏板结构。
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CN117233196B (zh) * 2023-11-16 2024-04-16 山东恒川越新材料科技有限公司 一种保温隔热挤塑板性能测试装置

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