WO2018036569A1 - 一种节能阳光板 - Google Patents

一种节能阳光板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018036569A1
WO2018036569A1 PCT/CN2017/106948 CN2017106948W WO2018036569A1 WO 2018036569 A1 WO2018036569 A1 WO 2018036569A1 CN 2017106948 W CN2017106948 W CN 2017106948W WO 2018036569 A1 WO2018036569 A1 WO 2018036569A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sun
plate
cover
energy
solar panel
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PCT/CN2017/106948
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋卫国
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蒋卫国
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Publication date
Application filed by 蒋卫国 filed Critical 蒋卫国
Priority to GB1903620.1A priority Critical patent/GB2568427A/en
Priority to US16/327,025 priority patent/US20190211551A1/en
Priority to AU2017317235A priority patent/AU2017317235A1/en
Publication of WO2018036569A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018036569A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
    • E04B2/92—Sandwich-type panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
    • E04B1/6803—Joint covers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
    • E04B1/6806—Waterstops
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
    • E04B1/90—Insulating elements for both heat and sound slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E04C2/525—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for heating or cooling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • E04C2/543—Hollow multi-walled panels with integrated webs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates

Definitions

  • This energy-saving sun board belongs to the construction field.
  • the traditional sun panel stacks two or more layers of plates through squares, grids, honeycombs, etc., forming a cavity between each layer of plates, which is beneficial to heat insulation, sound insulation, and strength.
  • all kinds of sun panels in the past can only reach the level of the glass curtain wall in terms of heat insulation, and can not reach the level of thick brick walls, and can not be compared with the brick wall with insulation layer.
  • This problem must be overcome. The reason is that the lattice structure between the plates of the solar panels has a wall thickness of about 1 mm, which is several hundred times higher than the fiber diameter of the bubble wall and the insulation cotton of the foam, and cannot be timely in the process of heat conduction.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can be applied: all the strips between the plate 1, the plate 2, the plate 3, and the plate 4 are eliminated or substantially reduced (see side view 1); Position by direct molding or welding, etc.
  • the cylinder 6, the cylinder 7, and the cylinder 8 having a certain thickness are provided in a manner (the outer circumference of each cylinder should be provided with an insulation ring); the frame 9 is provided by direct molding or welding around the plates 1, 2, 3, and 4 ( See top view 2 and side view 1); the distance and relative position between the plates 1, 2, 3, 4 are completely or mainly fixed by the cylinders 6, 7, 8 and the frame 9; the bolts can pass through the cylinders 6, 7 during installation ,8. In this way, the problem of heat conduction between the layers of the plates can be solved, and the heat insulation performance is greatly improved.
  • the number of layers of the sheet can be arbitrarily increased, and the distance between the layers can be arbitrarily controlled (in this case, bolts are required to replace the screws), so that the improved solar panel can reach an arbitrary level of insulation.
  • the obstacles of the see-through can also disappear, and the transparent function of the glass curtain wall can be achieved.
  • the above-mentioned energy-saving sun panels can reduce the strength due to the elimination of the spacers between the plates.
  • the thickness of the outer plate can be increased; if the transparent function is not required, the side view can also be used.
  • the structure in the cavity 2, the cavity 3 of the solar panel 1 retains the traditional spacer structure; the cavities 4, 5, 6 adopt the above-mentioned thermal insulation structure; the positions 7, 8 on both sides of the cavities 4, 5, 6 remain separated article.
  • the number of layers of the structural cavities 2, 3 and the number of layers of the insulating cavities 4, 5, 6 can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the span of the insulated cavities 4, 5, 6 is not large, the cylinder 9 at the bolt holes can be eliminated and the bolt holes cannot be provided at the cavity.
  • the thickness of the above-mentioned energy-saving solar panel can be changed within a large range (for the specific method of determining the thickness, refer to paragraph 0114 of the patent document CN105507432A: according to different climatic conditions, the energy-saving room is scheduled to be separated.
  • the thermal grade or heat transfer coefficient determines the thickness of the structure and material of each part of the house. The preliminary theoretical calculation can be carried out by the total thickness of the cavity and the thermal conductivity of the air in the non-convective state and mainly combined with specific experiments to ensure the various parts. The heat transfer coefficient is similar or matched, and no bottleneck occurs.
  • the heating conditions of different parts of the house should be fully investigated (for example, the roof is exposed to sunlight, the heat insulation requirement is greater than the outer wall; the outer wall of the house is located at the location of the furnace, The insulation requirements are also greater than other parts), and the corresponding adjustments are made).
  • the level of the brick wall with insulation layer its thickness will be several times higher than the traditional sun board (but the weight can be basically unchanged).
  • the screws in the conventional mounting method will not meet the requirements, and bolts, nuts, and the like are required.
  • the service life of the sun slab is not too long (generally no more than 20 years), it needs to be replaced in time according to its specific use period. For ease of installation and replacement, a more convenient method is required. See the specific implementation method below for details.
  • Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the solar panel of the heat insulation structure
  • Figure 3 is a solar panel combined with a heat insulating structure and a spacer structure
  • Figure 4 is a rainproof connection of the upper and lower sun panels
  • Figure 5 is a rainproof connection of the left and right sun panels
  • Figure 6 shows the rainproof mode of the bolt hole during outdoor installation
  • Figure 8 is a connecting rod outside the floor
  • Figure 9 is a rainproof manner of the heat insulating block
  • Figures 10 and 11 show the adjustment of the insulating block at the connecting rod
  • Figure 14 shows how the rain cover is mounted on the mullion of a multi-storey building.
  • the energy-saving sun panels of Structure A or Structure B above can be installed on the frame.
  • the diameter of the bolt hole 5 in Fig. 1 needs to be larger than the diameter of the bolt and leave sufficient displacement clearance; at the same time, the nut of the bolt needs to be connected with a gasket or a blocking piece having a diameter larger than the bolt hole 5 (otherwise the bolt The position of the sun board cannot be fixed.)
  • the rain protection for the outdoor installation sun panel can be carried out as follows:
  • the lap joint of the upper and lower plates can be set to the shape in section 4: the lower side of the upper sun plate 1
  • the edge is provided with a cover 2, in order to increase the strength of the cover 2, the rib 3 can be arranged at a certain distance on the cover; the cover 2 can cover the lower side
  • the upper edge of the solar panel 4 prevents rainwater from entering the gap between the panel 1 and the panel 4 when it rains. The larger the width of the cover 2, the stronger the rainproof function.
  • the roof should not be level, but should have a certain slope (depending on the maximum rainfall at the location of the building).
  • connection of the left and right panels can be as shown in top view: the rain cover 1 is fixed on the frame of the building by bolts 2 (the rainproof of the bolt holes is as described in the lower part c); the frames of the sun panels 3 and 4 are respectively protected from rain. Plates 5, 6; sufficient expansion joints between the sun panels 3, 4; when the sun panels expand or contract, the rain panels 5, 6 can move in the space inside the rain cover 1; the rain cover 1 and the rain shield 5 6, can prevent rain from entering the gap between the sun panels 3, 4.
  • the shape of the rain cover 1 is somewhat similar to the U-shaped lock in the prior art, except that the U-shaped lock can be fastened to the sun panels on both sides through the protrusion of the edge of the sun plate, and the sun plate on both sides of the rain cover has no lock.
  • the protrusions can not hold the rain cover, and can be freely displaced under the rain cover.
  • the inner layer of the rain cover needs to be provided with an insulation layer, and can reach the same level of insulation of the sun plate.
  • the rain cover on the upper row should be aligned with the rain cover on the lower row, and the cover on the lower edge of the upper rain cover should cover the upper edge of the lower rain cover, specifically the upper and lower sun panels.
  • the upper and lower rain cover cannot be aligned, the upper end of the rain cover needs to be slanted under the upper cover, and the lower end of the rain cover needs to be provided with a cover covering the edge of the lower sun plate.
  • the rainproof of the bolt hole can be as shown in Figure 6:
  • the bolt 1 is fixed on the building frame;
  • the rain ring 2 (which can be made of the same material as the sun panel) is fixed to the sun panel (or rain cover) by welding or gluing.
  • the diameter of the bottom of the rain guard 2 is smaller than the upper portion, so that the rainwater flowing on the sun plate 3 cannot pass over the rain guard;
  • the upper part of the bolt 1 is fixed to the blocking plate 7 by the nuts 5, 6, and the blocking plate 7
  • the support member on the lower side of the sun plate 3 can prevent the sun plate 3 from moving up and down, but allows it to move forward and backward (because there is space in the rain ring 2, and does not wrap the bolt 1, so although the sun plate 3 and the rain ring 2 is connected as one, but the sun plate 3 can still move back and forth, left and right;
  • the blocking plate 7 should cover the rain ring 2, and the heat insulating cover 8 and the rain cap 9 should be installed on the nut 6 (if necessary, structural glue can be used)
  • the rain cap 9 prevents rainwater from entering the bolt hole in the center of the blocking plate 7, and the blocking plate 7 can prevent rain from dripping into the rain guard 2, so that the bolt hole on the sun plate 3 cannot be entered.
  • each cavity can be connected to the airbag: when the cavity is heated and heated, the gas can be discharged into the airbag to prevent the sun plate from protruding; when the cavity is cooled by the cold, the gas in the airbag can be sucked, and the sunlight is avoided. concave. If the cavity is filled with an inert gas, its thermal insulation performance is improved.
  • the heat insulating cavity in the structure B energy-saving solar panel (Fig. 3) above can be set as a semi-closed structure: when there is a pressure difference, the gas can be exchanged with the outside through the small hole or the filter plate, and the air is not circulated when there is no pressure difference.
  • the frame should be completely covered inside the energy-saving sun panels, so as to avoid exposed parts.
  • the nut on the sun plate and the part of the screw that exceeds the sun plate should be firmly covered with the heat preservation cover or the heat insulation cover, and if necessary, it can be fixed by structural glue.
  • Adjacent solar panels shall be sealed: a gasket such as neoprene shall be installed between the sun panel and the frame of the building so that it can be displaced and sealed.
  • the inner side of the outermost panel of the solar panel needs to be coated with heat radiation and ultraviolet rays (it can also be coated on other layers, but the outer surface should be protected from damage and falling off).
  • the fire rating of the sun panel and the content of the released material must meet the corresponding standards.
  • the method When installing a solar panel in a single-story building, the method is basically the same as the outdoor installation described above. The difference is:
  • a spherical surface 2 may be provided at the root of the bolt 1 in the manner of FIG. 7; at the same time, the top of the blocking plate 3 is set as a protrusion, and a rainwater tank 4 is provided at a lower portion of the convex portion; the blocking plate 3 is topped to the spherical surface 2 and fixed with the nut 5; at the same time, the rain ring 8 (same as in Fig.
  • the sun plate 6 should be provided around the bolt hole 7 of the sun plate 6.
  • the sun plate 6 is topped so that the bolt hole 7 is placed on the bolt 1; then the gasket and the nut are screwed on the lower end (or the inner end) of the bolt 1 so that the sun plate 6 is hung upside down on the roof frame (or horizontal Hang on the wall frame) while avoiding rainwater entering the bolt holes 7.
  • An insulating cover should be installed at the lower end or the inner end of the bolt 1.
  • the sun panels installed in the single-story building may not cover the frame of the building, and create different appearance effects, and the heat preservation effect is not lower than that of the outdoor installation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

一种节能阳光板，全部取消传统阳光板的格状结构，在螺丝孔的位置通过直接成型或熔接等方式设置有一定厚度的圆筒，同时在各层板材的四周设置边框，从而固定各层板材之间的距离和相对位置，并通过这种方式使各层板材之间的距离可以任意控制、板材的层数可以任意增加，从而可达到任意的保温性能；此外，随着板材之间隔状结构的全部取消，可以达到玻璃幕墙同等的透明功能。

Description

一种节能阳光板 技术领域
本节能阳光板属于建筑领域。
背景技术
1)阳光板是由高分子材料(聚碳酸脂、涤纶树脂、有机玻璃、聚丙烯塑料等)构成的多层板材。自20世纪70年代问世以来，由于其质轻、强度高、隔热、隔声等诸多特性，应用愈来愈广、产量愈来愈大。如今价格已低至每平米10几元、每公斤20几元。如此低廉的价格，只要将其结构和安装方式作进一步的提高，就可使其隔热性能达到设保温层的砖墙水平(此前其隔热只相当于玻璃幕墙)、能使其安装和更换方便地进行、还能使其达到玻璃幕墙的完全透明功能。如果满足这三个方面的要求，则其在房屋的建设中能完全取代幕墙和屋顶，使建房的成本大幅度下降，同时使房屋的节能达到任意水平。
2)在一项已公布的专利技术中(CN105507432A)，一种可以任意叠加中空层的节能玻璃幕墙结构能够以其他塑性材料通过直接成型、熔接等方式取代，同时达到任意的保温性能；其幕墙和采光顶的安装和更换可以省去传统的脚手架而直接在房内完成。如果将此技术与上述阳光板相结合，只要作相应的调整和发展，即可达到上述三个要求。其具体内容见下文。
发明内容
1)节能阳光板的结构
A)传统的阳光板通过方格、田字格、蜂窝格等将两层或多层板材叠加在一起，各层板材之间形成空腔，有利于隔热、隔声、并提高强度。但此前的各种阳光板在隔热方面都只能达到玻璃幕墙的水平，无法达到厚砖墙的程度，更无法同设保温层的砖墙相比。要想将阳光板广泛应用于建筑外墙，必须克服这个问题。究其原因，阳光板各层板材之间的格状结构，其壁厚达到1毫米左右，比泡沫塑料的气泡壁、保温棉的纤维直径高数百倍以上，在热传导的过程中无法及时地将热量扩散到其四周的空气中，从而形成冷热桥。如果大幅度降低阳光板格状结构的厚度，则其会变得非常柔软，无法支撑各层板材之间的距离和相对位置。为解决这个问题，可应用图1、图2中的结构：全部取消或大幅度减少板1、板2、板3、板4之间的隔条(见侧视图1)；在螺栓孔5的位置通过直接成型或熔接等 方式设置有一定厚度的圆筒6、圆筒7、圆筒8(各圆筒外周应设保温环)；在板1、2、3、4的四周通过直接成型或熔接等方式设置边框9(见俯视图2和侧视图1)；板1、2、3、4之间的距离和相对位置完全或主要由圆筒6、7、8和边框9固定；安装时螺栓可以通过圆筒6、7、8。通过这种方式，可以解决各层板材之间的热传导问题，大幅度提高其隔热性能。与此同时，板材的层数可以任意增加，层间的距离可以任意控制(此时需用螺栓取代螺钉)，从而可使改进后的阳光板达到任意的保温水平。此外，在全部取消板材之间的隔条时，透视的障碍也可随之消失，可以达到玻璃幕墙同等的透明功能。
B)上述节能阳光板由于取消了板材之间的隔条，强度会有所下降，在需要达到相应强度的地方，可增加外层板材的厚度；如果不需要透明功能，也可采用侧视图3中的结构：阳光板1的空腔2、空腔3保留传统的隔条结构；空腔4、5、6采用上述隔热结构；空腔4、5、6两边的位置7、8保留隔条。视强度和隔热的具体要求，结构空腔2、3的层数和隔热空腔4、5、6的层数可作相应调整。如果隔热空腔4、5、6的跨度不大，其螺栓孔处的圆筒9可以取消，同时螺栓孔不能设在空腔处。隔热空腔4、5、6的跨度越大越利于隔热，反之越不利于隔热。
2)节能阳光板的安装方式
根据不同的隔热要求，上述节能阳光板的厚度可在一个较大的范围内变化(其确定厚度的具体方法可参考专利文件CN105507432A的第0114段：根据不同的气候条件、节能房预定的隔热等级或传热系数，而决定房屋各部位结构与材料的厚度。可通过其空腔总厚度和非对流状态下空气的导热系数进行初步的理论计算并主要结合具体的实验，确保各部位的传热系数相近或相配，不出现瓶颈。与此同时，还应充分考察房屋不同部位的受热条件(如房顶受阳光照射，其隔热要求大于外墙；屋内靠火炉位置的外墙，其隔热要求也大于其他部位)，进行相应的调整)。如果要达到设保温层的砖墙水平，其厚度会比传统的阳光板高数倍(但重量可以基本不变)。在这种情形下，传统安装方式中的螺钉将不能满足要求，而需要使用螺栓、螺帽等。同时，由于阳光板的使用寿命不是太长(一般不超过20年)，需要根据其具体使用期限及时更换。为了安装和更换能方便地进行，需使用更加便捷的方式。详见后文的具体实施方式。
3)门窗
在使用节能阳光板时，需使用隔热性能与之匹配的节能门窗。上述公布号的专利技术中，一种可以任意增加中空层的门窗可以达到此要求。在使用聚碳酸酯等材料制作这种门窗时，可以根据具体的结构强度要求、透明功能、隔热水平而采用上述图1或图2中的结构(为方便表述，下文将这两种结构分别称为结构A和结构B)。在需要同时达到防盗要求的门窗上，可在门窗的刚性框架上安装钢丝网、金属栅格等。
附图说明
图1、图2为隔热结构的阳光板；
图3为隔热结构与隔条结构相结合的阳光板；
图4为上下阳光板的防雨连接；
图5为左右阳光板的防雨连接；
图6为室外安装时螺栓孔的防雨方式；
图7为室内安装时螺栓孔的防雨方式；
图8为楼板外侧的连接杆；
图9为隔热块的防雨方式；
图10、11为隔热块在连接杆处的调整；
图12、13为竖向防雨盖与横向隔热块的结合方式；
图14为防雨盖在多层建筑竖框上的安装方式。
具体实施方式
1)室外安装
A)在房屋、场馆、温室等建筑物的框架建成之后，上文中结构A或结构B的节能阳光板就可安装于框架之上。根据阳光板材料的热膨胀系数，图1中螺栓孔5的直径需大于螺栓的直径并留出足够的位移空隙；同时螺栓的螺母需连接直径比螺栓孔5大的垫片或阻挡片(否则螺栓无法固定阳光板的位置)，相邻的阳光板之间需留出足够的膨胀空间。这方面已有大量的现有技术和经验可以利用和借鉴，不同的是节能阳光板的厚度可能大很多，需要将相应长度的螺栓通过螺帽或焊接等方式固定在建筑物的结构框架之上。
B)为方便阳光板的安装和更换，对室外安装的阳光板，其防雨可按如下方案进行：
a)在阳光板竖向或斜向安装时(一般墙体是竖向安装，屋面是斜向安装)，上下板的搭接处可设成剖面图4中的形状：上边阳光板1的下边缘设盖板2，为增大盖板2的强度，可在盖板上每隔一定距离设置肋条3；盖板2可以盖住下边 阳光板4的上边缘，在下雨时避免雨水进入板1、板4之间的空隙。盖板2的宽度越大，其防雨功能越强。安装时需先安装下边的阳光板4，然后按装上边的阳光板1。使用上述防雨盖板时屋面不能设成水平，而应有一定的坡度(根据建筑所在地的最大雨量而定)。
b)左右板的连接可如俯视图5：防雨盖1通过螺栓2固定在建筑的框架上(其螺栓孔的防雨见下边c部分所述)；阳光板3、4的边框处分别设防雨板5、6；阳光板3、4之间设足够的伸缩缝；阳光板膨胀或收缩时防雨板5、6可在防雨盖1内侧的空间移动；防雨盖1和防雨板5、6可以防止雨水进入阳光板3、4之间的空隙。防雨盖1的外形有点类似现有技术中的U形锁，不同之处在于U形锁可以通过阳光板边缘的突起扣在两边的阳光板上，而防雨盖两边的阳光板没有锁扣的突起，不能扣住防雨盖，而且可以在防雨盖下自由位移，同时防雨盖内部需设置保温层，并可达到阳光板同等的任意保温水平。
安装时上排的防雨盖应与下排的防雨盖对齐，并在上排防雨盖的下边缘设盖板，盖住下排防雨盖的上边缘，具体与上下阳光板的搭接相同。如遇特殊情形上下防雨盖不能对齐，则防雨盖的上端需设斜板搭接在其上方盖板之下，同时防雨盖的下端需设能盖住下边阳光板边缘的盖板。
c)螺栓孔的防雨可如图6：螺栓1固定在建筑框架上；防雨圈2(可用与阳光板相同的材料制成)通过熔接或胶接固定在阳光板(或防雨盖)3上螺栓孔4的周围；防雨圈2底部的直径小于上部，从而使阳光板3上流淌的雨水不能越过防雨圈；螺栓1上部通过螺帽5、6固定阻挡板7，阻挡板7和阳光板3下侧的支撑件可以防止阳光板3上下移动，但允许其前后左右移动(因为防雨圈2中有空间，而不会裹住螺栓1，所以虽然阳光板3与防雨圈2连接为一体，但阳光板3仍可以前后左右移动)；阻挡板7要盖住防雨圈2，同时螺帽6上要安装保温盖8和防雨帽9(必要时可用结构胶固定)；防雨帽9可以防止雨水进入阻挡板7中央的螺栓孔，阻挡板7可以防止雨水滴入防雨圈2，从而无法进入阳光板3上的螺栓孔。
C)上文结构A节能阳光板(图1)中隔热层的空腔是封闭的，在气温变化时气压差可引起阳光板凸起或内凹。如将各空腔与外界打通，水汽则可以进入空腔而引起雾化，影响其透明功能。为解决这些问题，可将各空腔连接气囊：空腔受热升温时，其气体可排入气囊，避免阳光板凸起；空腔受冷降温时，可吸入气囊中的气体，避免阳光板内凹。如果将空腔内注满惰性气体，则更能提高其隔热性能。上文结构B节能阳光板(图3)中的隔热空腔可以设为半封闭结构：有气压差时通过小孔或滤板可与外界进行气体交换，无气压差时则不流通。
D)对高效节能的建筑而言，室外安装节能阳光板时其框架应完全覆盖在节能阳光板的内侧，尽量避免有外露的部分。同时阳光板上的螺帽及螺杆超越阳光板的部分应牢固地覆盖保温盖或保温套，必要时可用结构胶固定。相邻的阳光板须密封：阳光板与建筑的框架之间应安装氯丁橡胶等垫片，从而使其可以位移并密封。阳光板最外层面板的内侧需进行防热辐射和紫外线的镀膜(也可在其他层进行镀膜，但应避免在外表面镀膜，以免其受损、脱落)。阳光板的防火等级、释放的物质含量等均须达到相应标准。
2)室内安装
A)单层建筑
在单层建筑的室内安装阳光板时，其方式基本与上文所述的室外安装相同。其不同之处在于：
a)在屋面安装时，阳光板倒挂在屋顶框架上，螺栓指向下方，螺栓的根部需进行防水处理，以免雨水顺螺栓流入室内；在外墙安装时，螺栓指向室内，螺栓的根部需进行同样的防水处理：可按图7中的方式在螺栓1的根部设置球面2；同时将阻挡板3的顶部设为凸起，并在凸起处的下部设雨水槽4；将阻挡板3顶至球面2并用螺帽5固定；同时阳光板6上螺栓孔7的周围应设置防雨圈8(与图6中的一样)。将阳光板6上顶，从而使螺栓孔7套在螺栓1上；然后在螺栓1的下端(或室内端)拧上垫片、螺帽，从而使阳光板6倒挂在屋顶框架上(或横挂在墙面框架上)，同时可避免雨水进入螺栓孔7。螺栓1的下端或室内端应安装保温盖。
b)在外墙安装阳光板时，应先安装上排的阳光板，再安装下排，否则下排会阻挡上排的盖板(见图4)。
c)在安装左右相邻的阳光板之间的防雨盖(见图5)时，应先安装防雨盖(此时其螺栓的指向与图5是相反的，而与图7中的螺栓指向相同)，再安装两边的阳光板(与室外安装时的顺序相反)。
d)在单层建筑室内安装的阳光板可以不覆盖建筑物的框架，营造不同的外观效果，而其保温效果不低于室外安装的方式。
B)多层建筑
对多层建筑而言，室内安装比单层建筑具有更大的意义，因为在建筑的高层要更换使用寿命相对较短的阳光板时，室内操作比室外操作便利、安全得多。要使多层建筑中的阳光板能直接在室内安装和更换，在上述单层建筑室内安装的基础上，需做如下调整：
a)基于前文所述专利技术，多层建筑的各层楼板外侧应安装图8中的连接 杆1、连接杆2(由于阳光板的重量很轻，在混凝土框架中这些连接杆不必直接预埋，而只需固定在相对稀疏的预埋螺栓等预埋件上)；连接杆1、2可分别插入上层阳光板3与下层阳光板4的螺栓孔中，其防雨方式与上文(室内安装Aa)中所述相同。连接杆1、2的弯曲结构可进一步防止雨水顺其流入室内。
b)基于前文所述专利技术，多层建筑的各层楼板外侧应安装图9中的隔热块1；隔热块1的内侧上缘需设防雨板2、下缘需设盖板3；同时上侧的阳光板4需在与防雨板2同高的位置通过胶接、熔接等方式设盖板5；盖板5的下缘应有弹性并且低于防雨板2的上沿。安装时需先安装隔热块1，然后安装其上侧或下侧的阳光板。安装上侧的阳光板4时应将其螺栓孔套在连接杆上(见上段所述)，然后外推，直至盖板5的下缘顶在防雨板2的上沿而变弯；继续外推直至盖板5超越防雨板2，同时其下缘恢复原状，从而使雨水不能流入阳光板与隔热块之间的缝隙；将阳光板推到底以后，在连接杆的端点装上垫片、螺帽、保温盖。盖板5和其下缘越宽、则防雨功能越强，但盖板5的刚性部分需稍高于防雨板2的上沿，否则可能不能顺利地越过防雨板2或造成损坏；同时盖板5的刚性部分底面应设为向外倾斜，隔热块1的顶部也应向外倾斜，以进一步增强其防雨功能。拆卸阳光板时应先拆下连接杆端点的保温盖、螺帽、垫片，然后将阳光板往内拉(各阳光板内侧可设便于推拉的把手)。
在上文(a部分)所述的连接杆处，上段所述的隔热块需加宽、加厚(如果连接杆较密，也可将隔热块整体加宽、加厚)，并在内侧留出连接杆的空间，以覆盖连接杆(如前视图10，其中隔热块1在连接杆的位置1a、1b处需加宽、加厚)；同时其防雨板2与上侧阳光板的盖板需顺其加宽后的边线3而设(见前视图10)；在边线垂直的部分3a，防雨板上需加设指向外侧的边缘3b(如放大的俯视图11)，以阻挡雨水内流。
在横向隔热块与竖向防雨盖(见室外安装Bb，图5)相接处，竖向防雨盖1可折向外侧(如侧视图12、前视图13)，从而覆盖两边的隔热块2、3。
c)上文(室外安装Bb)所述的防雨盖(图5)需安装在建筑物竖向框架的外侧(因为竖向框架的宽度是有限的，所以其安装仍可在室内完成，见俯视图14，其中防雨盖2安装在框架1的外侧)。在同一层楼，其安装的顺序需先于阳光板。如俯视图14，根据建筑物竖向框架1的宽度，防雨盖2需相应调整，从而在两边超越框架1，使阳光板3、4的防雨板5、6可在其内侧的空间移动。
d)在多层建筑的顶层，可在室内直接进行屋顶阳光板的安装和更换。
e)基于前文所述专利技术，在多层建筑的二楼以上，各层楼板在接近外侧边缘处须安装安全栏杆或防护网(如果阳光板上设有强度足够高的耐力板，而且安装足够牢固，则可取消)。在有防盗要求的部位须安装防盗网。各阳光板、隔热块、防雨盖等均须在醒目位置熔刻使用期限，并定期更换。
f)这种节能阳光板也可用作室内隔墙，由于隔条的取消，其隔音功能增强。
3)节能阳光板的应用
多层建筑使用这种节能阳光板，重量比玻璃幕墙成倍降低，而强度可以更高，碎裂、掉落的危险更小，因而可使建筑的总高度有较大幅度的提高，可广泛应用于住宅、商务楼、酒店等各类建筑，从而提高土地的利用率，进一步降低房价。
在其应用于钢筋混凝土框架式房屋时，由于承重墙的取消，为确保抗震功能，须避免横梁的跨度过大，并须设剪力墙或抗剪力结构。如选择钢结构框架，抗震能力可加强。不管是哪种结构框架，均需避免将普通的高层建筑设计成笔杆状， 否则其地基不足以在地震中抵抗横波；只有加大建筑的单层面积与总高度的比值，同时尽量将建筑长度和宽度设为均衡，避免不均衡的“一”字型，多用“口”字型、“十”字型等，才能确保其防震性能。
各类建筑使用这种节能阳光板，可以达到任意的保温水平，从根本上解决建筑的节能问题，取得长远的综合效益。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种节能阳光板，其特征在于全部取消传统阳光板的格状结构，在其螺丝孔的位置通过直接成型或熔接、胶接、组装的方式设置有一定厚度的圆筒，同时在各层板材的四周设置边框，从而固定各层板材之间的距离和相对位置，并通过这种方式使各层板材之间的距离可以任意控制、板材的层数可以任意增加，从而可达到任意的保温性能；此外，随着板材之间隔状结构的全部取消，可以达到玻璃幕墙同等的透明功能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的节能阳光板，其特征在于将格状结构与节能隔热结构相结合：外层采用格状的结构空腔，中间层采用无隔条的隔热空腔，并可根据具体的结构强度要求和隔热要求调整各空腔的层数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的节能阳光板，其特征在于左右相接的阳光板之间设有防雨盖：防雨盖固定在建筑的框架上，其内侧设有足够的空间允许阳光板伸缩；阳光板的边缘设有防雨板阻挡雨水进入其缝隙；上排防雨盖的下边缘设盖板，盖住下排防雨盖的上边缘。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的节能阳光板，其特征在于阳光板的螺栓孔位置设有防雨圈：防雨圈底部的直径小于上部，从而使阳光板上流淌的雨水不能越过防雨圈。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的节能阳光板，其特征在于多层建筑的各层楼板外侧隔热块的上缘设防雨板，下缘设盖板；同时其上侧的阳光板下缘也设盖板，此阳光板上盖板的下缘具有弹性并且低于隔热块上的防雨板上沿；安装时随着阳光板外推，其盖板的下缘越过隔热块上防雨板的上沿并恢复原状，从而使雨水不能流入阳光板与隔热块之间的缝隙；同时阳光板上盖板刚性部分的底面和隔热块的顶部均设为向外倾斜，从而进一步增强其防雨功能。
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