Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
  • G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
  • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
  • G06F3/04164—Connections between sensors and controllers, e.g. routing lines between electrodes and connection pads
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
  • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
  • G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
  • G06F3/041662—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving using alternate mutual and self-capacitive scanning
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
  • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
  • G06F3/0443—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a single layer of sensing electrodes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
  • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
  • G06F3/0445—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
  • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
  • G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
  • H10K59/40—OLEDs integrated with touch screens

Definitions

• Embodiments of disclosure generally relate to capacitlve sensing and, more particularly, routing conductors in an integrated display device and sensing device.
• proximity sensor devices also commonly called touchpads or touch sensor devices
• a proximity sensor device typically includes a sensing region, often demarked by a surface, in which the proximity sensor device determines the presence, location and/or motion of one or more input objects.
• Proximity sensor devices may be used to provide interfaces for the electronic system.
• proximity sensor devices are often used as input devices for larger computing systems (such as opaque touchpads integrated in, or peripheral to, notebook or desktop computers).
• proximity sensor devices are also often used in smaller computing systems (such as touch screens integrated in cellular phones).
• an input device includes a capacitive sensing device integrated with a display device.
• the input device further includes a plurality of sensor electrodes of the capacitive sensing device, each of the plurality of sensor electrodes comprising one or more common electrodes of the display device.
• the input device further includes a plurality of source lines disposed at least partially in an active portion of the display device.
• the input device further includes a plurality of routing traces.
• the plurality of routing traces includes a first routing trace, at least a first portion of the first routing trace being disposed in a first metal layer, parallel to a first source line of the plurality of source lines and in the active portion of the display device.
• the plurality of routing traces further includes a second routing trace, a first portion of the second routing trace disposed parallel to the first routing trace in the first metal layer and in the active portion of the display, a second portion of the second routing trace disposed in a second metal layer in an inactive portion of the display device and crossing the first routing trace, the second routing trace coupled to a first sensor electrode of the plurality of sensor electrodes through a first via.
• a display device in another embodiment, includes an active portion having a plurality of display electrodes, an inactive portion, a plurality of source lines disposed at least partially in the active portion, and a plurality of routing traces.
• the plurality of routing traces includes a first routing trace, at least a first portion of the first routing trace being disposed in a first metal layer, parallel to a first source line of the plurality of source lines and in the active portion.
• the plurality of routing traces further includes a second routing trace, a first portion of the second routing trace disposed parallel to the first routing trace in the first metal layer and in the active portion, a second portion of the second routing trace disposed in a second metal layer in the inactive portion and crossing the first routing trace, the second routing trace coupled to a first display electrode of the plurality of display electrodes through a first via.
• a processing system for a capacitive sensing device and display device includes source drivers configured for driving a plurality of source lines disposed at least partially in an active portion of the display device.
• the processing system further includes sensor circuitry configured to be coupled to a plurality of sensor electrodes of the capacitive sensing device through a plurality of routing traces, each of the plurality of sensor electrodes comprising one or more common electrodes of the display device.
• the plurality of routing traces includes a first routing trace, at least a first portion of the first routing trace being disposed in a first metal layer, parallel to a first source line of the plurality of source lines and in the active portion of the display device.
• the plurality of routing traces further includes a second routing trace, a first portion of the second routing trace disposed parallel to the first routing trace in the first metal layer and in the active portion of the display, a second portion of the second routing trace disposed in a second metal layer in an inactive portion of the display device and crossing the first routing trace, the second routing trace coupled to a first sensor electrode of the plurality of sensor electrodes through a first via.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary input device, according to one embodiment described herein.
• Fig. 2 is a block diagram depicting a capacitive sensing device of the input device of Fig. 1 according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a display device according to an embodiment.
• Fig. 4 is a block diagram depicting display circuitry of the display device of Fig. 3 according to an embodiment.
• Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-section of a portion of a display stack according to an embodiment.
• Fig. 6 is a top-view showing a portion of the display device of Fig. 3 according to an embodiment.
• Fig. 7 is a top-view showing a portion of the display device of Fig. 3 according to another embodiment.
• identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be beneficially utilized on other embodiments without specific recitation.
• the drawings referred to here should not be understood as being drawn to scale unless specifically noted. Also, the drawings are often simplified and details or components omitted for clarity of presentation and explanation. The drawings and discussion serve to explain principles discussed below, where like designations denote like elements.
• Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary input device 100, in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
• the input device 100 may be configured to provide input to an electronic system (not shown).
• the term "electronic system” broadly refers to any system capable of electronically processing information.
• electronic systems include personal computers of ail sizes and shapes, such as desktop computers, laptop computers, netbook computers, tablets, web browsers, e-book readers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs).
• PDAs personal digital assistants
• Additional example electronic systems include composite input devices, such as physical keyboards that include input device 100 and separate joysticks or key switches.
• Further example electronic systems include peripherals such as data input devices (including remote controls and mice), and data output devices (including display screens and printers).
• Other examples include remote terminals, kiosks, and video game machines (e.g., video game consoles, portable gaming devices, and the like).
• Other examples include communication devices (including cellular phones, such as smart phones), and media devices (including recorders, editors, and players such as televisions, set-top boxes, music players, digital photo frames, and digital cameras).
• the electronic system could be a host or a slave to the input device.
• the input device 100 can be implemented as a physical part of the electronic system, or can be physically separate from the electronic system.
• the input device 100 may communicate with parts of the electronic system using any one or more of the following: buses, networks, and other wired or wireless interconnections. Examples include l 2 C, SPL PS/2, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Bluetooth, RF, and IRDA.
• buses, networks, and other wired or wireless interconnections examples include l 2 C, SPL PS/2, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Bluetooth, RF, and IRDA.
• the input device 100 is shown as a proximity sensor device (also often referred to as a "touchpad” or a “touch sensor device”) configured to sense input provided by one or more input objects 140 in a sensing region 120.
• Example input objects include fingers and styli, as shown in Fig. 1 .
• Sensing region 120 encompasses any space above, around, in and/or near the input device 100 in which the input device 100 is able to detect user input (e.g., user input provided by one or more input objects 140).
• the sizes, shapes, and locations of particular sensing regions may vary widely from embodiment to embodiment.
• the sensing region 120 extends from a surface of the input device 100 in one or more directions into space until signai ⁇ to-noise ratios prevent sufficiently accurate object detection.
• the distance to which this sensing region 120 extends in a particular direction in various embodiments, may be on the order of less than a millimeter, millimeters, centimeters, or more, and may vary significantly with the type of sensing technology used and the accuracy desired.
• some embodiments sense input that comprises no contact with any surfaces of the input device 100, contact with an input surface (e.g. a touch surface) of the input device 100, contact with an input surface of the input device 100 coupled with some amount of applied force or pressure, and/or a combination thereof.
• input surfaces may be provided by surfaces of casings within which the sensor electrodes reside, by face sheets applied over the sensor electrodes or any casings, etc.
• the sensing region 120 has a rectangular shape when projected onto an input surface of the input device 100.
• the input device 100 may utilize any combination of sensor components and sensing technologies to detect user input in the sensing region 120.
• the input device 100 comprises one or more sensing elements for detecting user input.
• the input device 100 may use capacitive, eiastive, resistive, inductive, magnetic, acoustic, ultrasonic, and/or optical techniques.
• Some implementations are configured to provide images that span one, two, three, or higher dimensional spaces. Some implementations are configured to provide projections of input along particular axes or planes.
• Some capacitive implementations utilize arrays or other regular or irregular patterns of capacitive sensing elements to create electric fields.
• separate sensing elements may be ohmically shorted together to form larger sensor electrodes.
• Some capacitive implementations utilize resistive sheets, which may be uniformly resistive.
• Some capacitive implementations utilize “self capacitance” (or “absolute capacitance”) sensing methods based on changes in the capacitive coupling between sensor electrodes and an input object.
• an input object near the sensor electrodes alters the electric field near the sensor electrodes, thus changing the measured capacitive coupling.
• an absolute capacitance sensing method operates by modulating sensor electrodes with respect to a reference voltage (e.g. system ground), and by detecting the capacitive coupling between the sensor electrodes and input objects.
• Some capacitive implementations utilize “mutual capacitance” (or “transcapacitance " ) sensing methods based on changes in the capacitive coupling between sensor electrodes.
• an input object near the sensor electrodes alters the electric field between the sensor electrodes, thus changing the measured capacitive coupling.
• a transcapacitive sensing method operates by detecting the capacitive coupling between one or more transmitter sensor electrodes (also “transmitter electrodes” or “transmitters”) and one or more receiver sensor electrodes (also “receiver electrodes” or “receivers”).
• Transmitter sensor electrodes may be modulated relative to a reference voltage (e.g., system ground) to transmit transmitter signals.
• Receiver sensor electrodes may be held substantially constant relative to the reference voltage to facilitate receipt of resulting signals.
• a resulting signal may comprise effect(s) corresponding to one or more transmitter signals, and/or to one or more sources of environmental interference (e.g. other electromagnetic signals).
• Sensor electrodes may be dedicated transmitters or receivers, or may be configured to both transmit and receive.
• a processing system 1 10 is shown as part of the input device 100.
• the processing system 1 10 is configured to operate the hardware of the input device 100 to detect input in the sensing region 120.
• the processing system 1 10 comprises parts of or ail of one or more integrated circuits (ICs) and/or other circuitry components.
• ICs integrated circuits
• a processing system for a mutual capacitance sensor device may comprise transmitter circuitry configured to transmit signals with transmitter sensor electrodes, and/or receiver circuitry configured to receive signals with receiver sensor electrodes).
• the processing system 1 10 also comprises electronically-readable instructions, such as firmware code, software code, and/or the like.
• components composing the processing system 1 10 are located together, such as near sensing element(s) of the input device 100. In other embodiments, components of processing system 1 10 are physically separate with one or more components close to sensing element(s) of input device 100, and one or more components elsewhere.
• the input device 100 may be a peripheral coupled to a desktop computer, and the processing system 1 10 may comprise software configured to run on a central processing unit of the desktop computer and one or more ICs (perhaps with associated firmware) separate from the central processing unit.
• the input device 100 may be physically integrated in a phone, and the processing system 1 10 may comprise circuits and firmware that are part of a main processor of the phone.
• the processing system 1 10 is dedicated to implementing the input device 100. !n other embodiments, the processing system 1 10 also performs other functions, such as operating display screens, driving haptic actuators, etc.
• the processing system 1 10 may be implemented as a set of modules that handle different functions of the processing system 1 10. Each module may comprise circuitry that is a part of the processing system 1 10, firmware, software, or a combination thereof, !n various embodiments, different combinations of modules may be used.
• Example modules include hardware operation modules for operating hardware such as sensor electrodes and display screens, data processing modules for processing data such as sensor signals and positional information, and reporting modules for reporting information. Further example modules include sensor operation modules configured to operate sensing eiement(s) to detect input, identification modules configured to identify gestures such as mode changing gestures, and mode changing modules for changing operation modes.
• the processing system 1 10 responds to user input (or lack of user input) in the sensing region 120 directly by causing one or more actions.
• Example actions include changing operation modes, as well as GUI actions such as cursor movement, selection, menu navigation, and other functions.
• the processing system 1 10 provides information about the input (or lack of input) to some part of the electronic system (e.g. to a central processing system of the electronic system that is separate from the processing system 1 10, if such a separate central processing system exists).
• some part of the electronic system processes information received from the processing system 1 10 to act on user input, such as to facilitate a full range of actions, including mode changing actions and GUI actions.
• the processing system 1 10 operates the sensing element(s) of the input device 100 to produce electrical signals indicative of input (or lack of input) in the sensing region 120.
• the processing system 1 10 may perform any appropriate amount of processing on the electrical signals in producing the information provided to the electronic system.
• the processing system 1 10 may digitize analog electrical signals obtained from the sensor electrodes.
• the processing system 1 10 may perform filtering or other signal conditioning.
• the processing system 1 10 may subtract or otherwise account for a baseline, such that the information reflects a difference between the electrical signals and the baseline.
• the processing system 1 10 may determine positional information, recognize inputs as commands, recognize handwriting, and the like.
• Positional information as used herein broadly encompasses absolute position, relative position, velocity, acceleration, and other types of spatial information.
• Exemplary "zero-dimensional” positional information includes near/far or contact/no contact information.
• Exemplary "one-dimensional” positional information includes positions along an axis.
• Exemplary "two-dimensional” positional information includes motions in a plane.
• Exemplary "three-dimensional” positional information includes instantaneous or average velocities in space. Further examples include other representations of spatial information.
• Historical data regarding one or more types of positional information may also be determined and/or stored, including, for example, historical data that tracks position, motion, or instantaneous velocity over time.
• the input device 100 is implemented with additional input components that are operated by the processing system 1 10 or by some other processing system. These additional input components may provide redundant functionality for input in the sensing region 120, or some other functionality.
• FIG. 1 shows buttons 130 near the sensing region 120 that can be used to facilitate selection of items using the input device 100.
• Other types of additional input components include sliders, balls, wheels, switches, and the like.
• the input device 100 may be implemented with no other input components.
• the input device 100 comprises a touch screen interface, and the sensing region 120 overlaps at least part of an active area of a display screen.
• the input device 100 may comprise substantially transparent sensor electrodes overlaying the display screen and provide a touch screen interface for the associated electronic system.
• the display screen may be any type of dynamic display capable of displaying a visual interface to a user, and may include any type of light emitting diode (LED), organic LED (OLED), cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma, electroluminescence (EL), or other display technology.
• the input device 100 and the display screen may share physical elements.
• some embodiments may utilize some of the same electrical components for displaying and sensing.
• the display screen may be operated in part or in total by the processing system 1 10.
• the mechanisms of the present invention are capable of being distributed as a program product (e.g., software) in a variety of forms.
• the mechanisms of the present invention may be implemented and distributed as a software program on information bearing media that are readable by electronic processors (e.g., non-transitory computer-readable and/or recordable/writable information bearing media readable by the processing system 1 10).
• the embodiments of the present invention apply equally regardless of the particular type of medium used to carry out the distribution. Examples of non-transitory, electronically readable media include various discs, memory sticks, memory cards, memory modules, and the like. Electronically readable media may be based on flash, optical, magnetic, holographic, or any other storage technology.
• Fig. 2 is a block diagram depicting a capacitive sensing device 200 of the input device 100 according to some embodiments.
• Fig. 2 shows the sensing elements of the capacitive sensing device 200 in a matrix of rectangles and does not show various components, such as various interconnects between the sensing elements and the processing system 1 10.
• An electrode pattern 250 comprises a plurality of sensor electrodes 260 disposed in a rectangular matrix with a grid electrode 270 disposed therebetween.
• the sensor electrodes 260 are arranged in J rows and K columns, where J and K are positive integers, although one of J and K may be zero.
• the electrode pattern 250 may comprise other patterns of the sensor electrodes 260, such as polar arrays, repeating patterns, non-repeating patterns, non-uniform arrays a single row or column, or other suitable arrangement.
• the sensor electrodes 260 may be any shape, such as circular, rectangular, diamond, star, square, noncovex, convex, nonconcave concave, etc.
• the sensor electrodes 260 may be sub-divided into a plurality of distinct sub-electrodes.
• the grid electrode 270 include be divided into a plurality of electrodes.
• the electrode pattern 250 includes a plurality of grid electrodes 270-1 through 270-N, where N is a positive integer.
• the grid electrodes 270-1 through 270-N can be electrically coupled to each other or can be electrically isolated from each other.
• the sensor electrodes 260 are typically ohmicaliy isolated from one another. Additionally, where a sensor electrode 260 includes multiple sub-electrodes, the sub- electrodes may be ohmicaliy isolated from each other. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the sensor electrodes 260 may be ohmicaliy isolated from the grid electrode 270 that is between the sensor electrodes 260. In one example, the grid electrode 270 may surround one or more of the sensor electrodes 260, which are disposed in windows 216 of the grid electrode 270. The grid electrode 270 may be used as a shield or to carry a guarding signal for use when performing capacitive sensing with the sensor electrodes 260.
• the grid electrode 270 may be used as sensor electrode when performing capacitive sensing.
• the grid electrode 270 may be co-planar with the sensor electrodes 260, but this is not a requirement.
• the grid electrode 270 may be located on a different substrate or on a different side of the same substrate as the sensor electrodes 260.
• the grid electrode 270 is optional and in some embodiments, the grid electrode 270 is not present.
• the sensor electrodes 260 can overlap portions of the grid electrode 270. The portions of overlap occur in regions where the sensor electrodes 260 and the grid electrode 270 are insulated from each other (e.g., using different layers or jumpers).
• the sensor electrodes 260, the grid electrode 270, or both can be disposed within the sensing region 120.
• the electrode pattern 250 is coupled to the processing system 1 10 through routing traces (discussed below),
• the processing system 1 10 can include a front end 208 having sensor circuitry 204.
• the sensor circuitry 204 operates the electrode pattern 250 to receive resulting signals from sensor electrodes using a capacitive sensing signal having a sensing frequency.
• the processing system 1 10 can include a processing module 220 configured to determine capacitive measurements from the resulting signals.
• the processing module 220 can include processor circuitry, such as a digital signal processor (DSP), microprocessor, or the like.
• DSP digital signal processor
• the processing module 220 can include software and/or firmware configured for execution by processor circuitry to implement various functions, such as determining object position from the resulting signals. Alternatively, some or all of the functions of the processing module 220 can be implemented entirely in hardware (e.g., using integrated circuitry).
• the processing module 220 can track changes in capacitive measurements to detect input object(s) in the sensing region 120,
• the processing system 1 10 can include other modular configurations, and the functions performed by the front end 208 and the processing module 220 can, in general, be performed by one or more modules or circuits in the processing system 1 10.
• the processing system 1 10 can include other modules and circuits, and can perform other functions as described in some embodiments below.
• the processing system 1 10 can operate in absolute capacitive sensing mode or transcapacitive sensing mode.
• receiver(s) in the sensor circuitry 204 measure voltage, current, or charge on sensor eiectrode(s) 260 in the electrode pattern 250 while the sensor elecfrode(s) 260 are modulated with absolute capacitive sensing signals to generate the resulting signals.
• the processing module 220 generates absolute capacitive measurements from the resulting signals.
• the processing module 220 can track changes in absolute capacitive measurements to detect input object(s) in the sensing region 120.
• some electrodes 260 can be transmitter electrodes, while other electrodes 260 can be receiver electrodes.
• the grid electrode 270 can include transmitter eiectrode(s) and the sensor electrodes 260 can include receiver electrodes.
• the sensor circuitry 204 drives one or more transmitter electrodes with the capacitive sensing signal (also referred to as a transmitter signal or modulated signal in the transcapacitive sensing mode), Receiver(s) in the sensor circuitry 204 measure voltage, current, or charge on one or more receiver electrodes to generate the resulting signals.
• the resulting signals comprise the effects of the capacitive sensing signal and input object(s) in the sensing region 120
• the processing module 220 generates transcapacitive measurements from the resulting signals.
• the processing module 220 can track changes in transcapacitive measurements to detect input object(s) in the sensing region 120.
• the processing system 1 10 "scans" the electrode pattern 250 to determine capacitive measurements.
• the processing system 1 10 can operate the electrode pattern 250 such that one transmitter electrode transmits at one time, or multiple transmitter electrodes transmit at the same time. Where multiple transmitter electrodes transmit simultaneously, these multiple transmitter electrodes may transmit the same transmitter signal and effectively produce a larger transmitter electrode, or these multiple transmitter electrodes may transmit different transmitter signals. For example, multiple transmitter electrodes may transmit different transmitter signals according to one or more coding schemes that enable their combined effects on the resulting signals of the receiver electrodes to be independently determined.
• the processing system 1 10 can receiving resulting signals from one sensor electrode 280 at a time, or from a plurality of sensor electrodes 260 at a time.
• the processing system 1 10 can use the resulting signals to determine capacitive measurements at the capacitive pixels.
• a set of measurements from the capacitive pixels form a "capacitive image" (also “capacitive frame") representative of the capacitive measurements at the pixels.
• the processing system 1 10 can acquire multiple capacitive images over multiple time periods, and can determine differences between capacitive images to derive information about input in the sensing region 120. For example, the processing system 1 10 can use successive capacitive images acquired over successive periods of time to track the motion(s) of one or more input objects entering, exiting, and within the sensing region 120.
• the baseline capacitance of the input device 100 is the capacitive image or capacitive profile associated with no input object in the sensing region 120.
• the baseline capacitance changes with the environment and operating conditions, and the processing system 1 10 can estimate the baseline capacitance in various ways.
• the processing system 1 10 takes “baseline images” or “baseline profiles” when no input object is determined to be in the sensing region 120, and uses those baseline images or baseline profiles as estimates of baseline capacitances.
• the processing module 220 can account for the baseline capacitance in the capacitive measurements and thus the capacitive measurements can be referred to as "delta capacitive measurements”.
• the term “capacitive measurements” as used herein encompasses delta-measurements with respect to a determined baseline.
• At least one of the sensor electrodes 260 comprise one or more display electrodes of a display device 280 used in updating a display of a display screen, such as one or more segments of a "Vcom" electrode (common electrodes), gate electrodes, source electrodes, anode electrode and/or cathode electrode. These display electrodes may be disposed on an appropriate display screen substrate.
• the display electrodes may be disposed on a transparent substrate (a glass substrate, TFT glass, or any other transparent material) in some display screens (e.g., In Plane Switching (IPS) or Plane to Line Switching (PLS) Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)), on the bottom of the color filter glass of some display screens (e.g., Patterned Vertical Alignment (PVA) or Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (MVA)), over an emissive layer (OLED), etc.
• IPS In Plane Switching
• PLS Plane to Line Switching
• OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
• the display electrodes can also be referred to as "common electrodes," since the display electrodes perform functions of display updating and capacitive sensing.
• at least one of the grid electrodes 270 comprises one or more common electrodes.
• each electrode of the sensor electrodes 260 and/or grid electrode 270 comprises one or more common electrodes. In other embodiments, at least two sensor electrodes of the sensor electrodes 260 or at least two electrodes of the grid electrode 270 may share at least one common electrode. Furthermore, in one embodiment, both the sensor electrodes 260 and the grid electrode 270 are disposed within a display stack on the display screen substrate. An example display stack is described below with respect to Fig. 3. However, in other embodiments, only the sensor electrodes 260 or the grid electrode 270 (but not both) are disposed within the display stack, while other sensor electrodes are outside of the display stack (e.g., disposed on an opposite side of a color filter glass).
• the processing system 1 10 comprises a single integrated controller, such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), having the front end 208, the processing module 220, and any other module(s) and/or circuit(s).
• the processing system 1 10 can include a plurality of integrated circuits, where the front end 208, the processing module 220, and any other moduie(s) and/or circuit(s) can be divided among the integrated circuits.
• the front end 208 can be on one integrated circuit
• the processing module 220 and any other module(s) and/circuit(s) can be one or more other integrated circuits.
• a first portion of the front end 208 can be on one integrated circuit and a second portion of the front end 208 can be on second integrated circuit.
• at least one of the first and second integrated circuits comprises at least portions of other modules, such as a display driver module and/or a display driver module.
• Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the display device 280 according to an embodiment.
• the capacitive sensing device 200 is integrated with the display device 280.
• the display device 280 generally includes a plurality of transparent substrates positioned over a first substrate, referred to herein as thin-film transistor (TFT) glass 302.
• An active element 304 is formed on the TFT glass 302.
• the active element 304 includes TFT layers (described below and also referred to using reference numeral 304) that form display update circuitry configured to update a plurality of pixels.
• the TFT layers of the active element 304 can be electrically coupled to display electrodes, including pixel electrodes (not shown) and Vcom electrodes 306.
• the Vcom electrodes 306 are disposed on the TFT glass 302.
• the Vcom electrodes 306 are disposed on the top TFT layers of the active element 304. In some embodiments, the Vcom electrodes 306 are segmented into a plurality of common electrodes and used for both display updating and capacitive sensing. The Vcom electrodes 306 can also include electrodes that are used only for display updating.
• the display device 280 includes a second substrate, referred to herein as color filter glass 312, a lens 318, an optional polarizer 316, and an optional anti-shatter film 314.
• a layer of display material 308 (e.g., liquid crystal) is disposed between the color filter glass 312 and the TFT glass 302.
• iayer(s) 310 between the color filter glass 312 and the display material 308 include one or more color filters and a black mask.
• a region between and including the color filter glass 312 and the TFT glass 302 is referred to herein as display stack 350.
• sensor electrodes of the capacitive sensing device 200 are disposed at least partially within the display stack 350.
• a first plurality of sensor electrodes e.g., the sensor electrodes 260
• a second plurality of electrodes e.g., the grid electrode 270 and/or sensor electrodes 260
• a first plurality of sensor electrodes may be disposed outside of the display stack 350, such as on the color filter glass 312 outside of the display stack 350.
• ail electrodes are disposed within the display stack 350.
• a first plurality of electrodes may be operated as receiver electrodes and a second plurality of electrodes may be operated as transmitter electrodes.
• the sensor electrodes 260 may be disposed as a plurality of matrix electrodes and operated as either absolute capacitive sensing electrodes and/or as transmitter electrodes and receiver electrodes.
• Fig. 4 is a block diagram depicting display circuitry 450 of the display device 280 according to an embodiment.
• the display circuitry 450 can be formed in the active element 304 of the display stack 350.
• the display circuitry 450 is coupled to source drivers 212 and gate selection circuitry 214.
• the source drivers 212 are part of display diver circuitry 210 in the front end 208 of the processing system 1 10, That is, the front end 208 of the processing system 1 10 can be configured to perform both display updating and capacitive sensing, !n an embodiment, the display driver circuitry 210 can also include the gate selection circuitry 214.
• the gate selection circuitry 214 can be located external to the processing system 1 10 (e.g., a gate-in-panei (G!P) type of display device).
• G!P gate-in-panei
• the source drivers 212 are coupled to source lines 408 of the display circuitry 450.
• the gate selection circuitry 214 is coupled to gate lines 406 of the display circuitry 450.
• the display circuitry 450 includes a plurality of pixels 404, each of which is coupled to one or more TFTs 402.
• a source of each TFT 402 is coupled to a respective source line.
• a gate of each TFT 402 is coupled to a respective gate line.
• a drain of each TFT 402 is coupled to a pixel electrode of a respective pixel 404.
• Each source line 408 drives TFTs in a column of pixels 404.
• Each gate line 406 drives TFTs in a row of pixels 404.
• the pixels 404 are used to display an image on a display screen.
• the display driver circuitry 210 can set the pixels 404 and display an image on a display screen.
• Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-section of a portion of the display stack 350 according to an embodiment.
• the active element 304 on the TFT glass 320 includes a plurality of TFT layers 503.
• the TFT layers 503 include metal layers M1 , M2, and M3, as well as layers 512 and 514.
• the metal layer M1 is also referred to as the "first metal layer”
• the metal layer M2 is also referred to as the "second metal layer”
• the metal layer M3 is also referred to as the "third metal layer.”
• the display stack 350 includes an active portion 504 and an inactive portion 502.
• the active portion 504 includes the display circuitry 450.
• the inactive portion 502 is a region on the TFT glass 302 that does not include any TFTs, pixel electrodes, display material, etc. that forms the display circuitry 450. While three metal layers are shown in the example, in other embodiments, the TFT layers 503 can include only two metal layers.
• the metal layer M3 can be patterned to form gate electrodes of TFTs 402 in the active portion 504. In addition, the metal layer M3 can be patterned to form capacitor electrodes in the active portion 504 (not shown).
• the layer 512 can include one or more dielectric layers electrically isolating the metal layer M2 from the metal layer M3. In addition, the layer 512 can include one or more semiconductor layers disposed between the metal layer M2 and the metal layer M3 in the active portion 504.
• the metal layer M2 can be patterned to form source and drain electrodes of TFTs 402 in the active portion 504.
• the layer 514 can include one or more layers of dielectric electrically isolating the metal layer M1 from the metal layer M2.
• the layer 514 can also include a transparent metal layer that can be formed into pixel electrodes.
• the drain of each TFT 402 is coupled to a respective pixel electrode.
• the layers M1 and M2 are replaced by a single metal layer.
• the metal layer M3 can be further patterned to form the gate lines 406 electrically coupled to the gate electrodes of the TFTs 402.
• the metal layer M2 can be further patterned to form the source lines 408 electrically coupled to the source electrodes of the TFTs 402.
• the source lines 408 can be partially disposed in the active portion 504 and partially disposed in the inactive portion 502.
• the gate lines 406 can be partially disposed in the active portion 504 and partially disposed in the inactive portion 502.
• the gate lines 406 can be entirely disposed in the active portion 504 (e.g., GIP displays).
• the metal layer M1 can be patterned to form routing traces electrically coupled to Vcom electrodes 306.
• the Vcom electrodes 306 are electrically isolated from the metal layer M1 by a dielectric layer 516. Vias 516 can be formed in the dielectric layer 516 to electrically couple particular routing traces formed in the metal layer M1 with particular Vcom electrodes 306.
• the routing traces can be partially disposed in the active portion 504 and partially disposed in the inactive portion 502.
• the metal layer M1 can also be patterned to form routing traces electrically coupled to other sensor electrodes, such as receiver electrodes.
• the receiver electrodes can be disposed between the color filter glass 312 and the display material 308.
• the display stack 350 can include metal pillars or the like (not shown) that electrically couple routing traces patterned on the metal layer M1 and the receiver electrodes.
• An integrated circuit 506 can be electrically and mechanically coupled to the TFT layers 304 in the inactive portion 502.
• the integrated circuit 506 can include the processing system 1 10.
• the integrated circuit 506 includes a plurality of pins 508 that are electrically and mechanically mounted to the TFT layers 304.
• the pins 508 of the integrated circuit 506 are electrically coupled to bond pads patterned on the metal layer M1 .
• the bond pads can be electrically coupled to routing traces patterned on the layer Ml
• the bond pads can also be electrically coupled to the metal layer M2, the metal layer M3, or both through vias.
• vias 522 can be formed through layer 514 to electrically couple bond pads on the metal layer M1 with conductors patterned on the metal layer M2, such as source lines.
• Vias 520 can be formed through layer 512 that, when combined with conductors in the metal layer M2 and vias 522, electrically couple bond pads on the metal layer M1 with conductors patterned on the metal layer M3, such as gate lines.
• the metal layers M1 , M2, and M3 within the inactive area can be patterned to include conductors to electrically couple routing traces to the integrated circuit 506 using non-parallel routes.
• vias can extend between the metal layer M3 and the metal layer M1 .
• the routing traces electrically coupled to the Vcom electrodes 306 are hidden by a black mask.
• the routing traces cannot cross source lines in the active portion 504.
• the routing traces can be routed around the active portion 504 within a border of the display. In other implementations, however, the display does not include such a border. As such, within the active portion 504, the routing traces must be routed parallel to the source lines and in-between the source lines. The parallel routing traces and source lines can be extended from the active portion 504 for coupling to the integrated circuit 506 disposed in the inactive portion 502.
• the integrated circuit 506 would be required to include all the pins 508 for the parallel extension of the routing traces and the source lines on one side adjacent to the active area 504. This reduces flexibility in the layout of the processing system 1 10 within the integrated circuit 506. For example, the sensor circuitry 204 would need to be located among the source drivers 212, rather than in a separate area of the integrated circuit 506.
• the parallel extension of routing traces and source lines to the integrated circuit 506 results in inefficient use of implementation area within the integrated circuit 506.
• the metal layers of the TFT layers 304 in the inactive portion 502 are patterned to allow for flexibility in extending the routing traces from the active portion 504 to the integrated circuit 506.
• the metal layers of the TFT layers 304 in the inactive portion 502 can be patterned to provide non- parallel extension of the routing traces between the active portion 504 and the integrated circuit 506, including the crossing of routing traces on different metal layers.
• Fig. 6 is a top-view showing a portion of the display device 280 according to an embodiment.
• Fig. 6 shows a top-view of the TFT glass 302 including both the active portion 504 and the inactive portion 502.
• the integrated circuit 506 is mounted within the inactive portion 502.
• the source lines 408 are disposed at least partially in the active portion 504.
• a source line 408A (also referred to as a "first source line”) is patterned on the metal layer M2 and extends partially in the active portion 504 and partially in the inactive portion 502.
• the source line 408A is electrically coupled to a pin 508B of the integrated circuit 506 through a via 522.
• the source line 408A is disposed perpendicular to a gate line 406A patterned on the metal layer M3.
• the source line 408A is coupled to a source electrode of a TFT 620A, and the gate line is coupled to a gate electrode of the TFT 620A.
• a routing trace 608B (also referred to as the "first routing trace”) is patterned in the metal layer M1 .
• the routing trace 608B includes a first portion 622 disposed in the active portion 504 parallel to the source line 408A.
• the first portion 622 of the routing trace 608B extends into the inactive portion 502.
• the routing trace 608B includes a second portion 628 disposed in the inactive portion 502 and perpendicular to the first portion 622.
• the second portion 628 of the routing trace 608B is disposed below the integrated circuit 506.
• the routing trace 608B can be coupled to a common electrode 614B of the Vcom layer 306 (also referred to as a "first sensor electrode”) through a via 524B.
• the routing trace 608B can be coupled to a pin 508C of the integrated circuit 506 through a bond pad 604.
• a routing trace 608A (also referred to as the "second routing trace") is patterned in the metal layer M1 and the metal layer M2.
• the routing trace 608A includes a first portion 624 disposed in the active portion 504 parallel to the first portion 622 of the routing trace 608B.
• the first portion 624 of the routing trace 608A extends into the inactive portion 502.
• the first portion 624 of the routing trace 608A is patterned in the metal layer Ml
• the routing trace 608A includes a second portion 626 disposed in the inactive portion 502 perpendicular to the first portion 624.
• the second portion 626 is patterned in the metal layer M2.
• the second portion 626 is electrically coupled to the first portion 624 through a via 522A.
• the second portion 626 of the routing trace 608A is disposed below the integrated circuit 506.
• the routing trace 608A can be coupled to a common electrode 614A of the Vcom layer 306 (also referred to as a "second sensor electrode") through a via 524A.
• the routing trace 608A can be coupled to a pin 508A of the integrated circuit 506 through a via 522 (and corresponding bond pad on M1 ).
• the routing trace 608B crosses the routing trace 608A within a crossing region 602.
• one or more crossing regions 602 can be disposed in the inactive portion 502. In the example shown, the crossing region 602 is disposed beneath the integrated circuit 506.
• the source lines 408 can extend parallel to each other between the active portion 504 and the inactive portion 502.
• the source lines 408 can be coupled to pins 508 of the integrated circuit 506 along the side of the integrated circuit 506 adjacent to the active portion 504.
• the source drivers 212 can be located along this same side of the integrated circuit 506.
• the sensor circuitry 204 can be located in other areas of the integrated circuit 506.
• the routing traces 608 can extend parallel to the source lines 408 within the active portion 504. Within the inactive portion 502, however, the routing traces 608 can be routed in non-parallel configurations in order to reach pins associated with the sensor circuitry 204.
• the non-parallel routes can be implemented using one or more layers of the TFT layers 304 within the inactive portion 502. Further, multiple metal layers of the TFT layers 304 can be used to implement crossing of routing traces on different metal layers.
• the source lines 408, gate lines 406, and the routing traces 608 can be formed using different configurations of the metal layers in the TFT layers 304.
• the source lines 408 can be disposed on the metal layer M1 , rather than the metal layer M2 as described in the example above.
• the source lines 408 can be disposed on the metal layer M3.
• the gate lines 406 can be disposed on the metal layer M2, rather than the metal layer M3 as described in the example above. If the gate lines 406 are disposed on the metal layer M2, then the source lines can be disposed on either the metal layer M1 or the metal layer M3.
• the gate lines 406 are disposed on the metal layer M3 as described in the example above. The source lines 408 can then be disposed on either the metal layer M1 or the metal layer M2.
• one routing trace 608A includes portions on the metal layer M1 and the metal layer M2, while another routing trace 608B includes portions on the metal layer M1 .
• a routing trace 608 can include a portion on the metal layer M1 , another portion on the metal layer M2, and another portion on the metal layer M3. Vias can electrically couple portions of routing traces on the layer M3 with portions of the routing traces on the layer M2.
• Fig. 7 is a top-view showing a portion of the display device 280 according to another embodiment. Elements of Fig. 7 that are the same or similar to those of Fig. 6 are described in detail above.
• the metal layer M1 is patterned to include "dummy" traces.
• the dummy traces are not used for routing signals to electrodes. To avoid charge build-up and display artifacts, the dummy traces cannot be left electrically floating. To prevent display artifacts, the dummy traces can be actively driven to Vcom during display and with a guard signal during capacitive sensing. In order to receive the guard signal, the dummy traces can be electrically coupled to the integrated circuit 506.
• the dummy traces have the same limitation as the routing traces coupled to the Vcom electrodes. That is, the dummy traces cannot cross the source lines on a common layer within the active portion 504.
• a dummy trace 706 is disposed on the metal layer M1 .
• the display stack 350 can include a plurality of dummy traces 706.
• the dummy trace 706 includes a first portion in the active area 504 parallel to the source line 408A.
• the dummy trace 706 includes a second portion in the inactive area 502 perpendicular to the first portion.
• the dummy trace 706 is electrically coupled to a pin 508D of the integrated circuit 506 through a bond pad 704.
• the dummy trace 706 crosses the second portion 626 of the routing trace 608A in a crossing region 702. In the embodiment shown, the cross region 702 is beneath the integrated circuit 506.
• the dummy trace 706 includes portions disposed on the layer M1 .
• the dummy trace 706 can include a portion disposed on the layer M1 in the active portion 504 and another portion disposed on the layer 2 within the inactive portion 502.
• the dummy trace 706 can include a portion disposed on the layer Ml in the active portion 504, another portion disposed on the layer M2 within the inactive portion 502, and another portion disposed on the layer M3 in the inactive portion 502.
• the dummy traces 706 can be routed similarly to the routing traces 608,
• the processing system 1 10 of the integrated circuit 506 can drive the dummy traces 706 with a guard signal during capacitive sensing, and can drive the dummy traces 706 with Vcom during display updating.

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• 2015
  • 2015-12-29 US US14/983,218 patent/US10067587B2/en active Active
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