WO2017101878A1 - 二段式电子膨胀阀 - Google Patents

二段式电子膨胀阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017101878A1
WO2017101878A1 PCT/CN2016/110719 CN2016110719W WO2017101878A1 WO 2017101878 A1 WO2017101878 A1 WO 2017101878A1 CN 2016110719 W CN2016110719 W CN 2016110719W WO 2017101878 A1 WO2017101878 A1 WO 2017101878A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavity
valve
electronic expansion
expansion valve
stage electronic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/110719
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王宇栋
舒小辉
Original Assignee
浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020187020447A priority Critical patent/KR102590435B1/ko
Priority to JP2018529560A priority patent/JP6921824B2/ja
Publication of WO2017101878A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017101878A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L25/00—Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means
    • F01L25/08—Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means by electric or magnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F25B41/34—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators
    • F25B41/35—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators by rotary motors, e.g. by stepping motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/24—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using sound-absorbing materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/36—Valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/52—Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/04—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor
    • F16K31/047—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor characterised by mechanical means between the motor and the valve, e.g. lost motion means reducing backlash, clutches, brakes or return means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/02—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for preventing water-hammer or noise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration equipment, in particular to a two-stage electronic expansion valve for an inverter air conditioner.
  • the electronic expansion valve is mainly used in the inverter air conditioner system. It drives the motor through high pulse frequency current to directly drive the reducer, and through the transmission of the thread pair and the valve stem, the valve needle is raised or lowered, and the valve opening degree is changed, thereby automatically Regulate the refrigerant flow so that the refrigerant circuit system remains optimal at all times.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electronic expansion valve in the prior art.
  • the electronic expansion valve is mainly composed of a valve body portion for flow regulation and a coil portion for driving.
  • the coil portion includes: a motor 1', a speed reducer 2', a threaded substructure 5' for converting the rotational motion of the motor 1' into a vertical movement of the screw rod 3', a nut 4', and a motor housing 6', the motor housing 6' Riveted to the outside of the gear case 9' outside the speed reducer 2'.
  • the valve body portion includes a valve seat 14', a valve stem 15', and a core member such as a bellows 11' that controls the lift of the valve needle 12'.
  • the principle of operation is as follows: the rotor of the motor 1' rotates, and the speed reducer 2' rotates. Through the transmission of the thread pair structure 5', the screw rod 3' moves downward, against the force transmitting member bushing 16' and the valve stem 15'. The valve needle 12' is moved downward. At this time, the bellows 11' is in a continuously stretched state. When a reverse pulse is applied, the screw rod 3' moves upward, and the valve needle 12' continuously moves upward under the return elastic force of the bellows 11' and the system pressure, thereby changing the opening degree of the valve port 13', so that the flow passage area occurs. Change, to achieve the purpose of controlling flow and regulating system overheating.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a two-stage electronic expansion valve for an inverter air conditioner, which can reduce abnormal noise in a small flow adjustment range and improve adjustment precision in small flow adjustment.
  • the invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a two-stage electronic expansion valve includes a motor, a reducer connected to an output end of the motor, a valve stem jacket of the two-stage electronic expansion valve is provided with a bellows, and the bellows reciprocates with the valve stem Stretching or contracting;
  • the two-stage The electronic expansion valve further includes a valve core, the valve core is opened or closed by the valve stem, and a small flow regulating mechanism is further disposed inside the valve core, and the small flow regulating mechanism is a lower end portion of the valve stem and a second valve port disposed inside the valve core;
  • the valve core has a cylindrical shape, and a first cavity and a second cavity are respectively disposed at two ends thereof, and the second valve port is opened between the first cavity and the second cavity, the valve core A flow hole is provided, the flow hole communicating the first cavity with an outer space of the valve body.
  • a normally-passing device is further disposed between the first cavity and the second cavity, so that a certain flow rate is always maintained between the first cavity and the second cavity; the first cavity is further disposed There is a first silencing member that covers the normally-on device.
  • the first sound absorbing member has an annular shape and is disposed at an end surface of the normally-on device.
  • the normally-on device is a normally-on hole provided inside the valve body.
  • a second silencing member is disposed in the first cavity, and the fluid flowing in from the circulation hole is silenced by the second muffling member and then flows out from the second valve port.
  • a third sound absorbing member is disposed in the second cavity.
  • the bottom of the spool is fixed in the second cavity by crimping deformation.
  • the two-stage electronic expansion valve provided by the invention has a contact state between the lower end portion of the valve core and the first valve port in the small flow regulating section, and most of the fluid flows in from the flow hole, and is silenced by the second muffling component. , flowing through the second valve port. Another part of the fluid flows into the first cavity from the gap between the valve stem and the blocking portion, and then is again silenced by the third sound absorbing member. When the fluid flows through the sound absorbing member, the fluid is sufficiently broken by the multi-layer mesh function. , which eliminates whirls like whistling and reduces noise. At the same time, since the small flow adjustment is mainly adjusted by the second valve port disposed inside the spool, the flow adjustment range is wider and the accuracy is higher under the same pulse number condition.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electronic expansion valve in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a two-stage electronic expansion valve provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a gasket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a two-stage electronic expansion valve according to a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a valve core according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the two-stage electronic expansion valve provided by the present invention is mainly composed of a valve body portion for flow regulation and a coil portion for driving.
  • the coil part comprises: a motor 1, a speed reducer 2 connected to the output end of the motor 1, and a threaded substructure 5, the lower end of the speed reducer 2 is connected with a screw rod 3 through a thread pair structure 5, and the thread pair structure 5 is used for rotating the motor 1 It is converted into a reciprocating motion of the screw 3.
  • a nut 4 is connected between the screw shaft 3 and the gear case 9, and a gear box 9 is mounted on the outer casing of the speed reducer 2.
  • the motor casing 6 of the motor 1 is riveted to the outside of the gear box 9.
  • the valve body portion includes a valve seat 14 and a valve stem 15, and the valve stem 15 is jacketed with a bellows 11.
  • the bellows 11 is stretched or contracted with the reciprocating motion of the valve rod 15, and since the valve body 12 and the valve stem 15 are movably coupled to each other, the lifting and lowering of the valve stem 15 can be used to lift and lower the valve body 12, thereby setting The first valve port 13 on the valve seat 14 is opened or closed.
  • Coupled together means that the valve core and the valve stem can move relative to each other during operation, but cannot be separated from each other.
  • the valve body 12 has a substantially cylindrical appearance and has a large diameter section 121 and a small diameter section 122.
  • the first cavity 123 is opened at one end of the large diameter section 121, and the second cavity 124 is opened at the end of the small diameter section 122.
  • the first cavity 123 and the second cavity 124 are opened.
  • An annular flange is disposed on an inner wall of the valve core, and an inner hole of the annular flange forms a second valve port, and the normally-on device is disposed on the annular flange.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the large diameter section 121 is provided with a flow portion 1211.
  • the flow portion 1211 is a plurality of planes machined on the outer peripheral wall of the large diameter section 121 for fluid circulation.
  • those skilled in the art can make various designs for the shape of the circulation portion 1211, such as grooving, punching, etc., based on the concept of the present invention, and only need to be able to realize the upper and lower ends of the large diameter section 121.
  • the fluid can be passed through.
  • the lower end portion 152 of the valve stem 15 extends into the first cavity 123 and cooperates with the second valve port 125 to open and close the second valve port 125 through contact with or away from the second valve port 125. Thereby regulating the flow.
  • the valve body 12 is connected to each other.
  • a blocking portion 126 is further provided, and the blocking portion 126 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the large diameter section 121. Both can be fixed by welding, crimping or other means.
  • An annular groove 151 is provided at a position near the end of the valve stem 15, and a latching member is provided in the annular groove 151.
  • the latching member maintains a relatively movable connection between the valve stem 15 and the blocking portion 126.
  • the latching member is specifically a washer 127. Specifically, the washer 127 is clamped in the annular groove 151 so that the valve stem 15 cannot be disengaged from the restriction of the blocking portion 126.
  • the valve stem 15 can be inserted into the blocking portion 126, the gasket 127 is placed in the annular groove 151, and then the blocking portion 126 is fixed on the large diameter section 121 of the valve core, and the blocking portion 126 and the washer 127 are common. The extreme position in which the valve stem 15 moves upward is limited.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a gasket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the washer 127 is generally "C" shaped with an opening 1272 for insertion into the annular groove 151 of the valve stem 15.
  • the inside of the washer 127 is provided with three abutting portions 1271 which are closely attached to the peripheral wall of the annular groove 151 after assembly, and a vacant portion is further disposed between the adjacent abutting portions 1271.
  • FIG. 4 is a specific implementation manner, and those skilled in the art can make some changes under the technical suggestion. For example, the vacancy part is cancelled, and the abutting portion 1271 is integrated into one body, and the object of the invention can also be achieved.
  • the clamping or fixing of the annular groove 151 is not limited to the form of a gasket.
  • a through hole may be provided in the annular groove 151, and then a positioning pin may be used to also enable the valve rod 15 and the blocking portion 126. Form a limit connection. The above positioning method obviously also falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the small diameter section 122 of the valve body 12 is provided with a flow hole 1221, and the number of the flow holes 1221 may be one or more.
  • the flow hole 1221 communicates the first cavity 123 with the outer space of the valve body 12 so that fluid can flow from the flow hole 1221 into the first cavity 123.
  • a second silencing member 128 is further disposed in the first cavity 123 between the circulation hole 1221 and the second valve port 125, so that the fluid flowing in from the circulation hole 1221 flows through the second muffling member 128 to be silenced and then from the second The valve port 125 flows out.
  • the second silencing member 128 can be designed as an annular body to fill the first cavity 123 as shown in FIG.
  • the lower end portion of the small diameter section 122 is provided with a second cavity 124, and the second cavity 124 is provided with a third silencing member 129.
  • the lower end portion of the small diameter section 122 can be deformed by crimping, thereby fixing the third sound absorbing member 129 in the second cavity 124.
  • the second silencing member 128 and the third silencing member 129 may be formed by a porous screen or wire winding, powder sintering, or the like.
  • the third sound absorbing member comprises a plurality of layers of sound absorbing blocks arranged in a stack.
  • the material or shape of the sound absorbing member is not limited at all.
  • a normally-on device is provided between the first cavity 123 and the second cavity 124.
  • the normally-on device is the normally-through hole 130, so that a part of the flow between the two nozzles of the two-stage electronic expansion valve is always in circulation.
  • the first valve port 13 it is not limited to the opening of the above-mentioned normal through hole 130, and various technical means can be replaced.
  • an inclined hole is formed in the small diameter section 122, and the second cavity 124 is directly communicated with the outside of the valve body 12, or a plurality of flow grooves are formed on the inner peripheral wall of the first valve port 13 by means of slotting. Can still have a certain degree when the valve body is closed flow. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the use of several alternatives based on the inventive concept should also fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • a small flow adjustment mechanism is formed between the lower end portion 152 of the valve stem 15 and the second valve port 125 in the spool 12.
  • a first silencing member 1231 is further provided, and the first silencing member 1231 has an annular structure and is made of a porous member.
  • the first silencing member 1231 is not limited to a ring shape, and only the normal through hole 130 may be covered.
  • the fluid even if the fluid flows in from the gap between the valve stem 15 and the blocking portion 126 without being filtered and silenced by the second silencing member 128, the fluid must pass through the first silencing member 1231 due to the presence of the first silencing member 1231. It can flow into the normal through hole 130, thereby achieving the purpose of further silencing.
  • valve stem 15 When the valve stem 15 is moved from the top to the bottom, the bellows 11 is in a stretched state, the spool 12 is subjected to a differential pressure force, and the lower end surface of the blocking portion 126 is always in contact with the upper end surface of the washer 127.
  • the valve stem 15 When the spool 12 is moved downward to the extreme position, after the first valve port 13 is in contact, the valve stem 15 continues to move downward, and at this time, the washer 127 moves down with the valve stem 15 to disengage from the blocking portion 126.
  • the two-stage electronic expansion valve is in a closed state.
  • the motor 1 When the valve is opened, the motor 1 is energized, the bellows 11 is contracted, and the valve stem 15 is moved from the bottom to the top. Since the spool 12 is subjected to the differential pressure, the lower end surface of the spool 12 remains in contact with the first valve port 13. The valve stem 15 continues to move up until the upper end surface of the washer 127 comes into contact with the lower end surface of the blocking portion 126. During the continued upward movement of the valve stem 15, the blocking block 126 is moved up together, at which point the spool as a whole begins to move upward. When the motor 1 is turned on to the full-open pulse, the two-stage electronic expansion valve as a whole is fully opened.
  • Control that is, small flow adjustment section. Due to the reduced valve port, the flow rate is adjusted to a wider range under the same number of pulses.
  • the valve stem 15 drives the valve core 12 to move upward as a whole, the flow rate is mainly controlled by the opening degree between the spool 12 and the first valve port 13, that is, the large flow regulating section.
  • the lower end portion of the spool 12 and the first valve port 13 are always in contact with each other.
  • most of the fluid flows in from the circulation hole 1221, is silenced by the second silencing member 128, and then flows through the second valve port 125.
  • Another part of the fluid flows into the first cavity 123 from the gap between the valve stem 15 and the blocking portion 126, and then is again muffled through the third sound absorbing member 129, and the fluid is subjected to the multi-layer mesh when flowing through the sound absorbing member. It is fully broken up, eliminating whirls like whistling and reducing noise.
  • the two-stage electronic expansion valve provided by the present invention passes through the mesh-shaped sound absorbing member, and the internal vortex and the bubble are largely eliminated and disturbed, thereby solving the problem that the existing electronic expansion valve is adjusted at the initial small flow rate. Abnormal noise problem.
  • the small flow rate adjustment is mainly performed by the second valve port 125 provided inside the valve body 12, the flow rate adjustment range is wider and the precision is higher under the same pulse number condition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)

Abstract

一种二段式电子膨胀阀，其阀杆（15）外套装有波纹管（11），波纹管随阀杆的往复运动伸缩。电子膨胀阀还包括阀芯，阀芯（12）呈筒状，两端分别设置有第一腔体（123）和第二腔体（124），第二阀口（125）开设在第一腔体和第二腔体之间；阀芯设置有连通第一腔体与阀芯外部空间的流通孔（1221）；第一腔体和第二腔体之间还设置有常通装置（130），使第一腔体和第二腔体之间始终保持一定的流量；第一腔体内还设置有覆盖常通装置的第一消音部件（1231）。

Description

二段式电子膨胀阀 技术领域
本发明涉及制冷设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于变频空调的二段式电子膨胀阀。
背景技术
电子膨胀阀主要应用于变频空调系统中，通过高脉冲频率电流驱动电机转动，直接带动减速器，并通过螺纹副、阀杆的传递，使阀针上升或下降，改变阀口开启程度，从而自动调节制冷剂流量，使制冷剂回路系统始终保持最佳状态。
请参考图1，图1为现有技术中一种电子膨胀阀的结构示意图。
如图1所示，该电子膨胀阀主要由用于流量调节的阀体部分和用于驱动的线圈部分组成。其中线圈部分包括：电机1′、减速器2′、将电机1′的旋转运动转化成丝杆3′的垂直运动的螺纹副结构5′、螺母4′以及电机外壳6′，电机外壳6′铆接于减速器2′外的齿轮箱9′外侧。阀体部分包括阀座14′、阀杆15′，以及控制阀针12′升降的波纹管11′等核心部件。其动作原理如下：电机1′的转子旋转，带动减速器2′转动，通过螺纹副结构5′的传递，丝杆3′向下运动，顶住传力部件衬套16′以及阀杆15′，使得阀针12′向下运动。此时，波纹管11′处于不断拉伸状态。当施加反向脉冲时，丝杆3′向上运动，阀针12′在波纹管11′的回复弹力和系统压力作用下不断向上运动，从而改变阀口13′的开启程度，使得通流面积发生变化，达到控制流量、调节系统过热的目的。
在这种电子膨胀阀结构中，从完全关闭状态到初期的小流量调节过程，即阀针12′从接触阀口13′到逐渐离开阀口13′时，由于阀口13′处开度较小，会产生明显的节流，从而使得流经阀口部分的流体被大幅加速，出现特定频率的涡旋而形成的异常噪音，影响最终用户的使用舒适度。并且，该结构的电子膨胀阀，阀口13′较大，因此小流量时的调节范围较窄，不利于更高精度的调节。
因此，如何设计一种既能减小初期小流量调节范围内的异常噪音，又能提高小流量调节宽度及精度的电子膨胀阀，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题为提供一种用于变频空调的二段式电子膨胀阀，其能够在小流量调节范围内减小异常噪音，又能提高小流量调节时的调节精度，为此，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种二段式电子膨胀阀，包括电机、连接于所述电机输出端的减速器，所述二段式电子膨胀阀的阀杆外套装有波纹管，所述波纹管随所述阀杆的往复运动拉伸或收缩；所述二段式 电子膨胀阀还包括阀芯，所述阀芯在所述阀杆的带动下对第一阀口进行打开或关闭，所述阀芯内部还设置有小流量调节机构，所述小流量调节机构由所述阀杆的下端部与设置在所述阀芯内部的第二阀口组成；
所述阀芯呈筒状，其两端分别设置有第一腔体和第二腔体，所述第二阀口开设在所述第一腔体和第二腔体之间，所述阀芯设置有流通孔，所述流通孔将所述第一腔体与所述阀芯的外部空间相连通。
所述第一腔体和第二腔体之间还设置有常通装置，使所述第一腔体和所述第二腔体之间始终保持一定的流量；所述第一腔体内还设置有第一消音部件，所述第一消音部件覆盖所述常通装置。
所述第一消音部件呈环状，并设置在所述常通装置的端面。
所述常通装置为设置在所述阀芯内部的常通孔。
所述第一腔体内设置有第二消音部件，使从所述流通孔流入的流体经第二消音部件进行消音后再从第二阀口流出。
所述第二腔体内设置有第三消音部件。
所述阀芯的底部通过压接变形的方式，将所述第三消音部件固定在所述第二腔体内。
本发明提供的二段式电子膨胀阀，在小流量调节段，阀芯的下端部与第一阀口之间始终处于接触状态，大部分流体从流通孔流入，经过第二消音部件进行消音后，流经第二阀口。另一部分流体则从阀杆与阻挡部之间的间隙流入第一腔体后，然后共同经过第三消音部件再次进行消音，流体在流经消音部件时，受多层网孔作用被充分打散，从而消除了类似尖啸声的涡旋，降低了噪音。同时，由于小流量调节主要是通过设置在阀芯内部的第二阀口进行调节，因此在同一脉冲数条件下，流量调节范围更宽，精度更高。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为现有技术中一种电子膨胀阀的结构示意图；
图2为本发明所提供二段式电子膨胀阀的具体实施方式结构示意图；
图3为本发明的具体实施方式的局部结构剖视图；
图4为本发明的具体实施方式的垫圈结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
1′、电机；2′、减速器；3′、丝杆；4′、螺母；5′、螺纹副结构；6′、电机外壳；9′、齿轮箱；11′、波纹管；12′、阀针；13′、阀口；14′、阀座；15′、阀杆、16′、衬套；1、电机；2、减速器；3、丝杆；4、螺母；5、螺纹副结构；6、电机外壳；9、齿轮箱；11、波纹管；12、阀芯；121、大径段；1211、流通部；122、小径段；1221、流通孔；123、第一腔体；1231、第一消音部件；124、第二腔体；125、第二阀口；126、阻挡部；127、垫圈；1271、抵靠部；1272、开口部；128、第二消音部件；129、第三消音部件；130、常通孔；13、第一阀口；14、阀座；15、阀杆；151、环形槽；152、下端部。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
图2为本发明所提供二段式电子膨胀阀的具体实施方式结构示意图；图3为本发明的具体实施方式的阀芯结构示意图。
如图2所示，本发明提供的二段式电子膨胀阀主要由用于流量调节的阀体部分和用于驱动的线圈部分组成。其中线圈部分包括：电机1、连接于电机1输出端的减速器2以及螺纹副结构5，减速器2下端通过螺纹副结构5连接有丝杆3，螺纹副结构5用于将电机1的旋转运动转化为丝杆3的往复运动。丝杆3与齿轮箱9之间连接有螺母4，减速器2外套装有齿轮箱9，电机1的电机外壳6铆接于齿轮箱9的外侧。
阀体部分包括阀座14、阀杆15，阀杆15外套装有波纹管11。波纹管11随阀杆15的往复运动拉伸或收缩，由于阀芯12与阀杆15可相互运动地连接在一起，从而可以通过阀杆15的升降来实现阀芯12的升降，从而对设置在阀座14上的第一阀口13进行打开或关闭。
本发明所述的“可相互运动的连接在一起”，是指阀芯与阀杆两者在工作过程中能够作相对运动，但是不能相互脱离。
阀芯12的外观大体呈筒状，并具有大径段121和小径段122。其中，在靠近大径段121的一端上开设有第一腔体123，在靠近小径段122的一端则开设有第二腔体124，在第一腔体123和第二腔体124之间开设有第二阀口125。其中，第一腔体位于所述第二腔体的上方。阀芯的内壁上设置有环状凸缘，环状凸缘的内孔形成第二阀口，常通装置设置在环状凸缘上。
大径段121的外周壁上设置有流通部1211，在本实施方式中，如图3所示，该流通部1211为在大径段121的外周壁上加工出来的若干平面，以供流体流通。当然，本领域技术人员在基于本发明的构思下，可以对流通部1211的形状作出多种设计，如挖槽、打孔等方式，只需能实现大径段121的上下两端之间可供流体通过即可。
阀杆15的下端部152伸入第一腔体123中，并与第二阀口125形成配合，通过与第二阀口125的接触或远离，来实现第二阀口125的打开和关闭，从而调节流量。为了使阀杆15与 阀芯12相连接，在第一腔体123中，还设置有阻挡部126，阻挡部126与大径段121的内壁固定连接。两者可以通过焊接、压接或者其他方式进行固定。
阀杆15靠近端部的位置设置有环形槽151，在环形槽151中设置有卡位部件。卡位部件能使阀杆15和阻挡部126之间保持可相对运动的连接状态。在本实施方式中，卡位部件具体为垫圈127。具体地，垫圈127夹持在环形槽151中，使阀杆15不能脱离阻挡部126的限制。具体装配时，可以将阀杆15装入阻挡部126中，再将垫圈127放入环形槽151中，然后将阻挡部126固定在阀芯的大径段121上，阻挡部126和垫圈127共同限制了阀杆15向上移动的极限位置。
图4为本发明具体实施方式的垫圈结构示意图。垫圈127大体呈“C”字型，具有开口部1272，用于插入阀杆15的环形槽151中。垫圈127的内部设置有3个抵靠部1271，在装配之后紧贴环形槽151的周壁上，相邻的抵靠部1271之间还设置有空缺部。当然，图4作为一种具体的实施方式，本领域技术人员在该技术启示下，还可以作出一些变动。比如取消空缺部，将抵靠部1271连为一体，同样可以实现发明目的。另外，对环形槽151的夹持或固定也不限于采用垫圈的形式，比如还可以在环形槽151上设置通孔，然后采用定位销的方式，同样能够使阀杆15与阻挡部126之间形成限位连接。以上定位方式显然也应当属于本发明的保护范围。
阀芯12的小径段122的外周壁上开设有流通孔1221，流通孔1221的个数可以是1个或者多个。流通孔1221将第一腔体123与阀芯12的外部空间相连通，使流体可以从流通孔1221流入第一腔体123中。在流通孔1221与第二阀口125之间的第一腔体123中还设置有第二消音部件128，使得从流通孔1221流入的流体流经第二消音部件128进行消音后再从第二阀口125流出。第二消音部件128可以设计成环状体，填充第一腔体123，如图3所示。
小径段122的下端部设置有第二腔体124，在第二腔体124中设置有第三消音部件129。当工作人员进行装配时，可以通过压接的方式使小径段122的下端部发生变形，从而将第三消音部件129固定在第二腔体124中。
上述第二消音部件128和第三消音部件129可以采用多孔质的筛网或者金属丝缠绕、粉末烧结等方式制成。优选地，第三消音部件包括叠置设置的多层消音块。在本发明，并不对消音部件的材质或形状作出任何限定。
为了使二段式电子膨胀阀具有除湿功能，通常需要使阀芯12在关闭第一阀口13后，仍然存在一定的流量。为了实现上述目的，在本实施方式中，在第一腔体123和第二腔体124之间设置有常通装置。在本实施方式中，常通装置为常通孔130，这样二段式电子膨胀阀的两根接管之间就始终有一部分流量处于流通当中。当然，为了使得关闭第一阀口13时还具有一定流量，并不限于开设上述常通孔130，还可以在此基础上作出多种技术手段的替换。比如在小径段122上加工一个斜孔，直接将第二腔体124与阀芯12的外部连通，或者通过开槽的方式，在第一阀口13的内周壁上加工出若干流通槽，同样能够使得阀体关闭时仍然具有一定的 流量。本领域技术人员应当了解，这些基于本发明构思上的若干替换手段的使用，也应当属于本发明的保护范围之内。
这样，阀杆15的下端部152与阀芯12中的第二阀口125之间形成了小流量调节机构。
由于阀杆15与阻挡部126之间并不是过盈配合，而是存在一定的间隙，因此，二段式电子膨胀阀在工作过程中，仍然有一部分流体是从阀杆15与阻挡部126之间的间隙之间流入到第一腔体123中。此时，该部分流体就直接流入常通孔130中，因此仍然可能存在一定的噪音。
在本实施方式中，在第一腔体123内，位于常通孔130的端面处，还设置有第一消音部件1231，第一消音部件1231为呈环状结构，并由多孔质部件制成。当然，第一消音部件1231并不限于环状，只需实现将常通孔130覆盖即可。本领域技术人员可以理解，当常通装置为其他结构时，也只需实现在该常通装置的入口或内部设置第一消音部件即可实现。
这样，流体即使从阀杆15与阻挡部126之间的间隙流入，而没有经过第二消音部件128的过滤消音，但由于第一消音部件1231的存在，流体必须经过第一消音部件1231，才能够流入常通孔130，从而实现进一步消音的目的。
当阀杆15从上向下移动时，波纹管11处于拉伸状态，阀芯12受到压差力作用，阻挡部126的下端面始终与垫圈127的上端面保持贴合。当阀芯12向下移动至极限位置，与第一阀口13接触后，阀杆15继续向下移动，此时垫圈127随着阀杆15一起下移，脱离与阻挡部126的贴合，直到阀杆15的下端部152与第二阀口125接触并实现密封，此时，二段式电子膨胀阀处于关闭状态。
开阀时，电机1通电，波纹管11收缩，并带动阀杆15从下向上移动，由于阀芯12受到压差力作用，阀芯12的下端面仍然与第一阀口13保持接触。阀杆15继续上移，直到垫圈127的上端面与阻挡部126的下端面接触。在阀杆15继续上移的过程中，带动阻挡部126一起上移，此时阀芯整体开始向上移动。当电机1开至全开脉冲时，二段式电子膨胀阀整体达到全开状态。
在以上过程中，垫圈127的上端面与阻挡部126的下端面接触前的这一段调节距离，流量主要由阀杆15的下端部152与阀芯上的第二阀口125之间进行开度控制，即小流量调节段。由于阀口减小，在相同脉冲数条件下，流量的调节范围更宽。当阀杆15带动阀芯12整体向上移动时，流量主要由阀芯12与第一阀口13之间的开度来进行控制，即大流量调节段。
如上所述，在小流量调节段，阀芯12的下端部与第一阀口13之间始终处于接触状态。此时，大部分流体从流通孔1221流入，经过第二消音部件128进行消音后，流经第二阀口125。另一部分流体则从阀杆15与阻挡部126之间的间隙流入第一腔体123后，然后共同经过第三消音部件129再次进行消音，流体在流经消音部件时，受多层网孔作用被充分打散，从而消除了类似尖啸声的涡旋，降低了噪音。
即，本发明提供的二段式电子膨胀阀，流体通过网孔状消音部件，内部涡旋、气泡被大幅度消除、扰散，解决了现有的电子膨胀阀在初期小流量调节时出现的异常噪音问题。同时，由于小流量调节主要是通过设置在阀芯12内部的第二阀口125进行调节，因此在同一脉冲数条件下，流量调节范围更宽，精度更高。
需要说明的是，本发明出现的上、下、左、右等方位词，是基于说明书附图所示的结构为基准的，并不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
以上对本发明所提供的一种用于变频空调的电子膨胀阀进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种二段式电子膨胀阀，包括电机、连接于所述电机输出端的减速器，所述二段式电子膨胀阀的阀杆外套装有波纹管，所述波纹管随所述阀杆的往复运动拉伸或收缩；其特征在于，所述二段式电子膨胀阀还包括阀芯，所述阀芯在所述阀杆的带动下对第一阀口进行打开或关闭，所述阀芯内部还设置有小流量调节机构，所述小流量调节机构包括所述阀杆的下端部与设置在所述阀芯内部的第二阀口；
    所述阀芯呈筒状，其两端分别设置有第一腔体和第二腔体，所述第二阀口开设在所述第一腔体和第二腔体之间，所述阀芯设置有流通孔，所述流通孔将所述第一腔体与所述阀芯的外部空间相连通；
    所述第一腔体和所述第二腔体之间还设置有常通装置，使所述第一腔体和所述第二腔体之间始终保持一定的流量；所述第一腔体内还设置有第一消音部件，所述第一消音部件覆盖所述常通装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述第一消音部件呈环状，并设置在所述常通装置的端面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述常通装置为设置在所述阀芯内部的常通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述第一腔体内设置有第二消音部件，使从所述流通孔流入的流体经第二消音部件进行消音后再从所述第二阀口流出。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述第二腔体内设置有第三消音部件。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述阀芯的底部通过压接变形的方式，将所述第三消音部件固定在所述第二腔体内。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述第一腔体内还固定设置有阻挡部，所述阀杆靠近端部的位置设置有环形槽，在所述环形槽中设置有卡位部件，所述卡位部件能使所述阀杆和所述阻挡部之间保持可相对运动的连接状态。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述第一腔体位于所述第二腔体的上方。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述阀芯的内壁上设置有环状凸缘，所述环状凸缘的内孔形成所述第二阀口，所述常通装置设置在所述环状凸缘上。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的二段式电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述第三消音部件包括叠置设置的多层消音块。
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