WO2017097249A1 - 一种玻璃制品的抛光工艺和抛光设备 - Google Patents

一种玻璃制品的抛光工艺和抛光设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017097249A1
WO2017097249A1 PCT/CN2016/109156 CN2016109156W WO2017097249A1 WO 2017097249 A1 WO2017097249 A1 WO 2017097249A1 CN 2016109156 W CN2016109156 W CN 2016109156W WO 2017097249 A1 WO2017097249 A1 WO 2017097249A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grinding wheel
polished
article
polishing
flexible
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/109156
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林育平
杨福磊
Original Assignee
可口可乐公司
临沂扬子中天机械制造有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 可口可乐公司, 临沂扬子中天机械制造有限公司 filed Critical 可口可乐公司
Priority to EP16872438.3A priority Critical patent/EP3388194B1/en
Priority to US16/060,496 priority patent/US10875142B2/en
Publication of WO2017097249A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017097249A1/zh
Priority to ZA2018/04491A priority patent/ZA201804491B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
    • B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
    • B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
    • B24B29/04—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces for rotationally symmetrical workpieces, e.g. ball-, cylinder- or cone-shaped workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
    • B08B1/30—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools by movement of cleaning members over a surface
    • B08B1/32—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools by movement of cleaning members over a surface using rotary cleaning members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/006—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding hollow glassware, bottles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
    • B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/02—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery
    • B24D13/04—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery comprising a plurality of flaps or strips arranged around the axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D9/00—Wheels or drums supporting in exchangeable arrangement a layer of flexible abrasive material, e.g. sandpaper
    • B24D9/003—Wheels having flaps of flexible abrasive material supported by a flexible material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polishing process and polishing apparatus for a glass article.
  • the polishing process and apparatus for glass products in the prior art are generally directed to the grinding and polishing of flat glass.
  • the clamping and running of the flat glass is relatively easy, and the ideal grinding and polishing effect can be obtained by a relatively simple process, and various grinding and polishing technologies have become mature.
  • the prior art can not meet the surface finish requirements and production process requirements of the outer surface of the glass bottle, and has certain difficulty in the clamping and operation, and the efficiency is low. How to realize the polishing of shaped glass products in a continuous and automated manner is a problem to be solved in the industry.
  • the hard grinding wheel is composed of a hub and a composite of abrasive and bonding agent bonded outside the hub.
  • the grinding wheel shape includes a parallel grinding wheel, a double-sided concave grinding wheel, a double bevel grinding wheel, a cylindrical grinding wheel, a dish-shaped grinding wheel and a bowl-shaped grinding wheel.
  • Hard wheels of these shapes are only suitable for grinding and polishing on a flat surface or in a linear direction. When a hard grinding wheel is used to process a three-dimensional or shaped bottle, very complicated motion control of the grinding wheel is required. Even with complex motion control, these shapes of hard wheels do not match the various parts of the shaped glass bottle, affecting the final surface finish.
  • the abrasive belt is an adhesive that bonds the abrasive to a flexible material such as paper or cloth.
  • a strip-shaped tool that can be ground and polished.
  • Abrasive belts are generally suitable for relatively flat surfaces or for linear grinding and polishing. A single linear grinding and polishing method typically leaves scratches that are difficult to remove on the surface of the article to be processed. At the same time, the belt has poor durability and needs to be replaced frequently, and it is not easy to achieve automated mass production.
  • U.S. Patent No. 1,608,857 discloses a bottle polishing apparatus which mainly comprises a frame body, a polishing drum/wheel made of a fiber material such as felt and cloth rotatably supported by the frame body, and rotated toward the center of the frame body. Or a guide bar that is away from the drum swing, a bottle holding frame, a device that rotates the polishing drum and reciprocates the holding frame, a spring device that drives the guide bar to move toward the polishing drum, and a limit stop and the like. Polishing is achieved by immersing the lower portion of the polishing drum/wheel in a container containing a polishing material consisting of pulverized abrasive and water, rotating the bottle.
  • a polishing material consisting of pulverized abrasive and water
  • the device is capable of polishing large batches of bottles, but it is difficult to achieve scratches on specific positions of the shaped bottles, and it is also difficult to polish bottles with complex three-dimensional surfaces. If the desired polishing effect is obtained by extending the polishing time, it will result in waste of polishing abrasive, reduction in polishing efficiency, and improvement in polishing cost.
  • WO1995028255 discloses a method of removing traces from the surface of a bottle. The method is performed by first grinding with an abrasive of abrasive size P220-P600, followed by fine grinding with an abrasive having an abrasive grain size of at least P1000 to eliminate scratches on the surface of the bottle.
  • the abrasives of different particle sizes are respectively alumina and pumice supported on a flexible belt. This method is difficult to precisely control the throwing force applied to the three-dimensional surface of the bottle, so the original shape is easily changed, and it is difficult to achieve automated mass production.
  • the other is a method of using chemical agents to remove scratches.
  • the chemical reagent method mainly uses a coating of a mixture of special compositions to cover the surface scratches of the bottle or to reduce the occurrence of surface scratches by modifying the cleaning solvent.
  • European Patent Application EP 0 474 442 discloses a wear mark coating for glass articles, which is used as a coating to cover scratches on the glass article by a mixture comprising several specific types of compounds.
  • Chinese patent application CN101760129 discloses a method of covering a scratch of a glass by using a mixture of silicone emulsions.
  • European Patent Application EP 1 253 192 discloses a method for reducing wear on a bottle during cleaning by modifying the composition of the wash water of the recycled glass bottle.
  • brown corundum A is used for grinding carbon steel, alloy steel, malleable iron, hard bronze, etc.
  • black silicon carbide C is used for grinding cast iron, brass, aluminum, refractory and non-metallic materials
  • green silicon carbide GC is used for grinding hard alloy , optical glass, gemstones, jade, ceramics, etc.
  • synthetic diamond is used to grind hard materials such as hard alloys and precious stones.
  • the Chinese patent publication CN201592394 mentions that the prior art impeller consists of a small number of grinding discs and wheel cores formed by many silicon carbide, alumina abrasives and ordinary abrasive cloth base fabrics. Such impellers are usually used for grinding steel, wood and other hardnesses. Lower material, but can not be used to grind materials with high hardness such as stone, glass, ceramics, etc.
  • a polishing process comprising: contacting a rotating article to be polished with each flexible blade of a rotating flexible blade grinding wheel, a rotating shaft of the grinding wheel and a rotating shaft of the product Parallel; pneumatically controlling the feeding of the flexible vane grinding wheel relative to the surface of the article to be polished such that the outer edge of the flap of the flexible vane grinding wheel is pressed against the surface to be polished of the article to be polished to polish it.
  • said pneumatically controlling the feed of the flexible vane grinding wheel relative to the surface of the article to be polished is pneumatically applied by the grinding wheel axis of rotation in a radial direction of the axis of rotation of the article.
  • the feeding of the flexible flap wheel relative to the surface of the article to be polished can be automatically compensated by the surface profile of the article to be polished, such that each flap of the flexible flap wheel presses the article to be polished with a constant pressure.
  • the surface to be polished is the surface to be polished.
  • the grinding wheel rotation axis is advanced and retractable so that the feeding of the flexible blade grinding wheel relative to the surface of the article to be polished is automatically compensated by the contour of the article to be polished.
  • the grinding wheel rotation axis is the same as the rotation direction of the product rotation axis, and the rotation speed is different.
  • the rotational speed of the rotating shaft of the product is 1 to 100 r/min, and the rotational speed of the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel is 500 to 3000 r/min.
  • the pressure of the fin of the flexible vane grinding wheel against the surface to be polished of the article to be polished is 2-6 Kgf.
  • the ratio of the length of the fin of the flexible fin wheel to the diameter of the hub is 1:2-1:7, and the contact between the fin and the article can be effectively controlled by reasonably selecting the diameter of the hub and the length of the fin.
  • the service life and frequency of the grinding wheel during batch polishing is 1:2-1:7, and the contact between the fin and the article can be effectively controlled by reasonably selecting the diameter of the hub and the length of the fin.
  • the flexible flap wheel comprises a hub and a plurality of flexible flaps having an inner edge fixed to the outer edge of the hub, each flexible flap comprising a base and an abrasive bonded to the substrate comprising abrasive and bonding agent Floor.
  • the material and thickness of the substrate are selected to be the same or similar to the rate of consumption of the substrate and the abrasive layer.
  • the hardness of the abrasive is 6 to 10 Mohs hardness, and the abrasive is, for example, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide or artificial diamond.
  • the abrasive fins of the flexible fin wheel have substantially the same particle size, for example, may be selected from 300-1 ⁇ m, respectively.
  • the density of the abrasive layer is, for example, 2.8 to 4.2 g/cm 3 .
  • the base layer is made of one of various cloths and metal wires.
  • the rotating articles to be polished are sequentially brought into contact with a plurality of rotating flexible blade grinding wheels in order of increasing abrasive grain size of the grinding wheel to complete a polishing process from grinding to polishing of the article to be polished.
  • the wing width of the grinding wheel with a small abrasive grain size is larger than the width of the blade of the grinding wheel with a large abrasive grain size in order to obtain a better polishing effect.
  • the article to be polished according to the present invention is preferably a glass article having an axisymmetric structure such as a glass bottle, a shaped glass bottle or the like.
  • polishing generally refers to a process or step of grinding, grinding and polishing an article with a grinding wheel, and sometimes also referred to as grinding and polishing, and polishing, etc., by polishing a surface to be polished of the article to be polished. Get the ideal finish.
  • a flexible flap wheel is also referred to as a centrifugal unwinding wheel.
  • the flexible flap of the rotating grinding wheel is in soft contact with the surface of the rotating article to be polished, such as a glazing, the flexible flap provides a suitable grinding force to the surface to be polished, and the abrasive layer on the flexible flap eliminates the surface to be polished. Scratches do not damage the surface of the glass to create new scratches.
  • the inner edges of a plurality of fins of the same size are mounted on the hub of the grinding wheel with the width of the fin as the width of the grinding wheel.
  • the plurality of fins are preferably mounted on the hub at equal intervals.
  • the flexible flaps When the grinding wheel rotates at a high speed with the rotating shaft, the flexible flaps are unfolded in an arc under the action of centrifugation, and a small portion of the outer end and the outer edge of each of the fins is exposed to the object to be polished. Only the exposed portion of the fin abrasive layer is in contact with the surface of the article to be polished, and the scratch on the article is ground while the abrasive is lost.
  • the pneumatically-provided grinding wheel is moved in the direction of the product, so that the outer end portion and the outer edge of the flexible grinding wheel fin can be kept in close contact with various parts of the glass product, so that the polishing has no dead angle, and the flap can be controlled.
  • the feed rate and feed rate of the exposed part are constant, so that the fins always grind and throw different parts of the surface of the product with new edges and end faces, and grind the surface of different products, which improves the efficiency of grinding and polishing.
  • the consistency of the grinding and polishing effect also makes it possible to automatically polish the products to be polished in large quantities.
  • the grinding wheel rotation axis can linearly advance and retreat, so that the feeding of the flexible blade grinding wheel relative to the surface of the article to be polished is automatically compensated by the contour of the article to be polished.
  • the outer edges of the flexible flaps of the grinding wheel are in contact with the various positions of the surface of the profiled article to be polished with the same contact force, and the respective positions of the profiled surface are ground and polished with the same contact force and the same abrasive layer, which can be minimized.
  • the grinding amount can achieve the polishing of the surface of the special-shaped product, avoiding the large-scale grinding of the protruding portion, the recessed portion is not polished, the uneven thickness of the bottle-shaped product after polishing, and the wall thickness is not avoided. Uniformity leads to stress concentration of the bottle under the action of the thrust on the filling line The situation has happened.
  • a polishing apparatus includes at least one set of grinding wheel rotation mechanisms, an article rotation mechanism, and at least one set of automatic feed compensation mechanisms.
  • Each set of grinding wheel rotation mechanism includes a servo motor and a grinding wheel rotating shaft driven by a servo motor, and the servo motor and the grinding wheel rotating shaft are fixed on the bottom plate.
  • the product rotating mechanism is used for driving the rotating shaft of the product to rotate, and the rotating shaft of the product is parallel to the rotating shaft of each grinding wheel.
  • Each set of automatic feed compensation mechanism includes: a pneumatic source for controlling the feeding of the grinding wheel rotating shaft with respect to the rotating shaft of the product by air pressure, and a linear guide along which the slider to which the bottom plate is fixed is along the linear guide Linear motion.
  • the grinding wheel rotating mechanism rotates the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel and drives the rotation of the flexible wing wheel on the grinding wheel to expand the arc under the centrifugal action.
  • the product rotating mechanism rotates the article to be polished in the same direction as the grinding wheel, and the outer surface of the bottle is in contact with the end and outer edge of each flexible flap of the rotating grinding wheel to be polished.
  • the automatic feed compensation mechanism is used for continuously maintaining the flap of the flexible flap grinding wheel in contact with the rotating surface to be polished, controlling the feed speed and the feed amount and thereby controlling the grinding force of the grinding wheel fin on the surface of the polishing product. In order to uniformly polish the surface of an article such as a glass bottle.
  • the slider on the linear guide rail enables the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel fixed on the sliding block to be pushed away from the polishing article by the air pressure source or away from the polishing product according to the convex portion of the surface contour of the polished product, so as to exert the effect on the polishing surface.
  • the force can be kept substantially constant by the automatic compensation of the surface profile of the polishing article.
  • the grinding wheel blade exerts a force on the surface to be polished of about 2 to 6 Kgf.
  • the polishing apparatus can further include a grinding wheel control mechanism for controlling opening and closing of the flexible flap wheel fins. Automatic electric or pneumatic control components can be used to control the opening and closing of the grinding wheel flaps and the like.
  • the polishing apparatus further comprises an article automatic loading and unloading mechanism and an automatic product conveying mechanism.
  • the product handling mechanism can carry or unload articles that are in any process stage and between process stages, such as carrying a glass article to be polished, removing a finished glass article, and the like.
  • An automatic transfer mechanism for transferring the product to a prescribed polishing position.
  • the rotating article is polished at a defined position by a rotating flexible fin wheel.
  • the apparatus further includes a cooling system for cooling the flexible vane grinding wheel.
  • the cooling system is preferably cooling water.
  • the flexible fin wheel and the polishing surface are continuously flushed with cooling water, on the one hand, the grinding wheel is kept at a lower temperature, and on the other hand, the abrasive falling from the grinding wheel is flushed into the cooling water. After the abrasive is separated, it can be recycled continuously.
  • the invention can be used to polish complex or irregular three-dimensional or shaped glass articles having rings and grooves, especially glass bottles having rings and grooves.
  • the method of the invention by using pneumatic Self-compensating grinding wheel feeding method, using flexible wing grinding wheel as grinding and polishing tool, and polishing the worn glass bottle with multiple polishing steps of different abrasive grain sizes to achieve high quality polishing with minimum amount of surface grinding.
  • the original structure and thickness of the glass bottle are maintained to the utmost extent.
  • the process and equipment according to the present invention enables automated, high quality, high consistency, high efficiency polishing of high volume glass bottles, and polished glass packaging products can enhance consumers' intuitive impression of the brand and consumer satisfaction. Degrees make it possible to recycle and reuse a large number of old glass bottles, which in turn saves the cost of purchasing new bottles and reduces the consumption of raw materials and energy.
  • the glass article can be polished using a silicon carbide abrasive and a satisfactory surface effect is obtained.
  • the method according to the invention significantly reduces the cost of recycling glass bottles compared to prior art processes.
  • the flexible fin wheel used in the invention has an abrasive layer and a base layer which can be used for multiple grinding and polishing processes, and a satisfactory surface effect can be obtained by removing a minimum amount of material on the glass article, so that the glass product remains original. Geometry and efficiency. Since the amount of grinding is significantly smaller than the polishing amount of the existing shaped glass bottle, the abrasive consumption of the abrasive layer of the airfoil is also significantly smaller than the conventional abrasive consumption, which reduces the number of times of replacing the grinding wheel, making continuous production possible.
  • the glass bottle grinding and polishing process of the present invention can be directly applied to an existing filling production line, and the polishing device according to the present invention is placed in front of the filling device, and the bottle is automatically and continuously polished before filling. Reduce the pressure on the filling line to push the glass bottle forward and reduce the breakage rate of glass products.
  • FIG 1 and 2 are schematic views of the flexible fin wheel of the present invention in contact with a glass bottle.
  • 3 and 4 are schematic views of a polishing line production line in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a polishing apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing a process of grinding and polishing a glass bottle using a flexible fin wheel in accordance with the present invention.
  • the flexible flap wheel 1101 includes a hub and a plurality of flexible flaps.
  • Each flexible flap includes a substrate and an abrasive layer bonded to the substrate comprising an abrasive and a bonding agent.
  • the substrate is a flexible material, and may be, for example, a cloth, a nonwoven fabric or a metal, an organic polymer material or the like.
  • the abrasive layer includes an abrasive and a binder.
  • the hardness of the abrasive is preferably from 6 to 10 in Mohs hardness, and may be, for example, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide or artificial diamond.
  • the abrasive particle size of the flexible fin wheel is selected from 300-1 ⁇ m, and may be, for example, but not limited to, abrasive particles having a particle size of 150-180 ⁇ m, 35-40 ⁇ m, 20-25 ⁇ m, 15-20 ⁇ m, and 10-13 ⁇ m, respectively, and the density of the abrasive layer is 2.8-4.2 g/cm 3 .
  • the inner edge of the flexible flap is fixed to the hub, and the mounting pitch between the fins is preferably the same.
  • the fin size on the same grinding wheel is preferably the same.
  • the flexible fin of the grinding wheel is expanded outward under the centrifugal action of rotation, and the outer edge thereof can reach each of the articles.
  • a surface is polished.
  • the material and thickness of the substrate and the material and thickness of the abrasive layer are selected to be the same or similar to the rate of consumption of the substrate and the abrasive layer.
  • the base material is ground away with the grinding of the abrasive, on the one hand, the consistency of the abrasive layer particles in contact with the surface of the polishing article is ensured, and on the other hand, the base material is prevented from being too long around the grinding wheel shaft or the product shaft, resulting in The inability of the abrasive to uniformly contact the surface of the polishing article may even cause the grinding wheel shaft or the product shaft to stop rotating.
  • the grinding wheel rotating shaft 110 for rotating the flexible fin wheel and the article rotating shaft 120 for rotating the article to be polished 1201 are disposed in parallel with each other, and the grinding wheel rotating shaft rotates clockwise, for example, in the same direction as the product rotating shaft.
  • the rotational speed of the product rotating shaft is, for example, 1 to 100 r/min
  • the rotational speed of the grinding wheel rotating shaft is, for example, 500 to 3000 r/min.
  • the flap moves toward the article. Under the centrifugal action of high-speed rotation, the outer edge of the fin is tangentially ground along the direction away from the rotation axis of the grinding wheel.
  • the grinding method of the flexible flap can remove the abrasive particles that are ground and removed away from the polished product, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the abrasive particles appearing in the grinding of the hard grinding wheel are embedded in the polished product, and the polishing effect can be effectively improved.
  • the present invention pneumatically applies a force in the radial direction of the shaft of the grinding wheel through the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel to press the flap of the grinding wheel against the article to be polished.
  • the surface to be polished is a force in the radial direction of the shaft of the grinding wheel through the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel to press the flap of the grinding wheel against the article to be polished.
  • the radial force not only makes the outer edge of the airfoil sufficiently contact the outer surface of the product to be polished, but also radially grinds the product, which is beneficial for effectively removing deep scratches existing on the surface of the product and significantly improving the grinding efficiency.
  • the rotating articles to be polished are sequentially contacted with a plurality of grinding wheels having different abrasive grains according to the abrasive grain size of each grinding wheel, and the polishing process of the surface to be polished from grinding to polishing is completed.
  • the width W of these wheel fins may be the same or different.
  • the smaller the particle diameter of the abrasive grains of the abrasive grains of each grinding wheel the wider the width of the airfoil, that is, the wing width of the grinding wheel which is first polished to the polished product is the narrowest, and the latter polishing process
  • the wing width of the wing wheel is larger than the previous one The width of the blade of the process wheel.
  • the invention pneumatically exerts a force on the grinding wheel shaft to press the flexible flap of the grinding wheel against the outer surface of the product, and compensates the loss of the airfoil through the feeding of the grinding wheel shaft to ensure the feeding speed and the advance of the exposed portion of the air piece.
  • the amount is constant.
  • the article to be polished is a profiled outer surface having grooves, in particular having axially extending grooves, if the outer edge of the grinding wheel is only pneumatically pressed against the surface of the article and the force provided by the air pressure source is constant As the article rotates, the pressure and contact area of the tabs acting on the convex portion of the outer surface of the article to be polished is greater than the pressure and contact area acting on the recessed surface of the article.
  • the constant power value is too large, excessive protrusion is caused to the convex portion of the outer surface, and the partial wall thickness of the thin-walled article such as a glass bottle is thinned, resulting in a shape change or a decrease in strength of the bottle body. If the constant power value is too small, the outer edge of the fin does not contact the recessed portion due to the presence of the convex portion of the article to be polished, resulting in the recessed portion being unpolished, affecting the polishing effect.
  • the flexible flap is bendable so that the pressure applied to the surface of the article is automatically compensated by the shape of the article such that the portions of the flap are in similar pressure and contact with the surface of the article to effect the surface of the article.
  • Uniform polishing provides a polished article with a smooth surface.
  • the present invention further provides an automated continuous polishing apparatus, as shown in Figures 3-5, for polishing an article to be polished, such as a glass bottle.
  • the polishing apparatus includes at least one set of grinding wheel rotating mechanisms 310, 410, 510, article rotating mechanisms 420, 520, automatic feed compensation mechanisms 430, 530, and product handling mechanisms and article automatic transport mechanisms.
  • Each set of grinding wheel rotating mechanism 510 includes a grinding and polishing servo motor 501, a grinding and polishing motor multi-ribbed belt 502, and a grinding wheel rotating shaft 503.
  • the grinding and polishing servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel through a multi-ribbed belt for driving the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel to rotate.
  • One or more flexible fin wheels may be axially disposed on each of the grinding wheel rotation axes.
  • a plurality of grinding wheels are arranged at different heights to grind different positions of the product. As shown in FIG. 1, two grinding wheels are arranged on one rotating wheel of the grinding wheel, or a plurality of grinding wheels are stacked for increasing the width of the grinding wheel.
  • the article was ground and polished, not shown.
  • the grinding and polishing servo motor and the grinding wheel rotating shaft are fixedly mounted on the fixed bottom plate 504 without mutual movement therebetween.
  • the automatic feed compensation mechanism includes a cylinder 511 and a linear guide 513 equipped with a linear bearing or slider 512.
  • the cylinder pushes the fixed bottom plate of the grinding and polishing servo motor and the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel, so that the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel is fed toward the rotating shaft of the product, so that the exposed outer edge of the flexible wing vane flap is pressed against the surface to be polished.
  • the feed rate and feed rate of the grinding wheel on the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel can be controlled by controlling the air pressure of the cylinder. Controlling the rotation of the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel and the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of the product respectively can control the grinding force and polish the surface of the product.
  • a linear bearing or slider 512 that supports the servo motor and the rotating shaft as a whole can linearly move back and forth along the linear guide.
  • the force provided by the cylinder passes through the grinding wheel Pressing the outer edge of the flexible flap against the outer surface of the product, since the grinding wheel can move linearly, the grinding wheel driven by the gas source cylinder advances and retreats according to the contour of the outer surface of the product, and maintains the contact force of the vane contacting different positions on the surface of the glass bottle and The contact area is constant, and the same grinding and polishing effect is applied to different parts of the product having the irregular structure, which effectively solves the problem of uneven grinding of the glass bottles of different circumferential sizes.
  • the structure is simple, the stability is good, and the cost is low, so that the standardized grinding and polishing processing of the shaped product is possible, and a polished product having a high appearance and uniformity can be obtained.
  • the article rotating mechanism according to the present invention drives the article rotating shaft to rotate the article located thereon.
  • the article is rotated simultaneously with the grinding wheel to obtain a uniform polished surface.
  • the product loading and unloading mechanism of the present invention has, for example, a robot automatic opening and closing structure, automatically loading and unloading the product to be polished, and further comprising a beam moving position switching mechanism capable of moving and switching the loaded glass product between the stations.
  • the automatic transport mechanism of the product can transport the product to be polished to a plurality of different grinding and polishing stations, and the surface of the product is polished and polished by the flexible vane grinding wheels with different granularity to realize the polishing of the surface of the product.
  • the grinding wheel rotating mechanism may be located on one side of the rotating shaft of the product, and two or more flexible vane grinding wheels located at different heights of the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel may grind different positions of the product, as shown in FIG. 1 Shown.
  • two or more grinding wheel rotating mechanisms may be arranged relative to the rotating shaft of the workpiece to be polished, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, respectively driving the grinding wheel rotating shaft to the grinding wheel pair of the product.
  • the polishing apparatus further includes a cooling mechanism for cooling the flexible fin wheel.
  • the cooling system preferably uses water as a cooling medium or a polishing liquid including abrasive and water as a cooling medium.
  • the flexible vane grinding wheel and the polishing surface are continuously washed by the cooling medium, on the one hand, the grinding wheel is cooled, and on the other hand, the abrasive falling from the grinding wheel is washed away from the grinding and polishing surface to ensure Polishing quality. After the used cooling medium is collected and the abrasive is separated from the water, it can be recycled continuously.
  • polishing apparatus of the present invention and with the polishing process according to the present invention, continuous automated high quality polishing of glass bottles is made possible.
  • the polishing process according to the present invention is used to treat the glass with different contact forces.
  • the bottle is ground and the resulting grinding results are shown in the table below.
  • a silicon carbide abrasive using epoxy as a main binder can be used for polishing glass articles.
  • the glass article can be ground and polished by selecting a suitable contact grinding force, and a good grinding and polishing effect can be obtained, and the fins can be used for a long time.
  • the high porosity flap is used to grind the product with a small contact grinding force, the grinding and polishing effect is not good, and the abrasive wear of the fin is large and the use is short.
  • the abrasive material, the particle size and the density of the abrasive layer can be selected according to the material and the degree of wear of the article to be polished.
  • the bottles are coarsely ground, moderately ground, and finely ground using a different abrasive grain size, for example, about 300 ⁇ m, about 200 ⁇ m, about 160 ⁇ m, about 155 ⁇ m, about 50 ⁇ m, about several microns, and finally polished using silicon carbide powder.
  • the pressure of the flap of the flexible flap grinding wheel to press the surface to be polished of the article to be polished is 2 to 6 Kgf.
  • the contact force between the airfoil and the glass bottle can be controlled and the polishing effect can be controlled.
  • low cost silicon carbide can be effectively used for polishing glass.
  • a polishing process of a glass article according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Embodiment 2.
  • the glass article is sequentially polished using six flexible blade grinding wheels of different abrasive sizes.
  • each of the flexible fin wheels has a hub diameter of 150 mm, a fin length and a hub diameter ratio of 1:6, and a fin length of 25 mm.
  • the widths of the fins of the first to sixth fins are 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, and 19 mm, respectively, and the base material of the flexible flap is a cloth.
  • the abrasive grains in the fin abrasive layers of the first to fifth grinding wheels are silicon carbide, and the granularities are, for example, flexible fins of about 300 ⁇ m, about 200 ⁇ m, about 160 ⁇ m, about 155 ⁇ m, about 50 ⁇ m.
  • the abrasive of the sixth wheel fin is yttria with a particle size of about 1 micron.
  • the abrasive particles are formed into an abrasive layer and adhered to the substrate using a binder comprising an epoxy resin and talc, the abrasive layer having a density of about 3.2 g/cm 3 .
  • the grinding wheel rotation axis and the product rotation axis rotate in the same direction clockwise.
  • the rotational speed of each product rotating shaft was 23 r/min.
  • the rotational speeds of the first to sixth grinding wheel rotating shafts were 800 r/min, 1000 r/min, 1200 r/min, 1600 r/min, 1800 r/min, and 2000 r/min, respectively.
  • the force applied to the outer edge of the flexible flap on the article is controlled to 2-6 Kgf, and in this embodiment the forces of the first to sixth wheel flakes are respectively about 4 Kgf, which will be
  • the flexible flap wheel maintains contact with the surface to be polished of the glass article and applies a suitable amount of sanding to the surface to be polished.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

一种玻璃制品（1201）的抛光工艺和抛光设备。其中抛光工艺，包括使旋转的待抛光制品（1201）与旋转的柔性翼片砂轮（1101）离心展开的各柔性翼片接触，砂轮（1101）旋转轴与制品（1201）旋转轴平行；以及以气动方式控制柔性翼片砂轮（1101）相对于所述待抛光制品（1201）表面的进给，使所述柔性翼片砂轮（1101）的翼片的外边缘压触待抛光制品（1201）的待抛光表面对其进行抛光。这种抛光工艺，可以较低的成本使磨损的玻璃瓶特别是有异形轮廓的玻璃瓶翻旧如新。对应的抛光设备，可实现对磨损玻璃瓶的自动化连续磨抛。

Description

一种玻璃制品的抛光工艺和抛光设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种玻璃制品的抛光工艺和抛光设备。
背景技术
在将饮料产品分配给消费者时，可口可乐公司会产生数十亿计的可回收重复使用玻璃瓶或PET瓶。饮料行业的其他饮料公司包括啤酒公司也会产生大量的可回收瓶。在填充、运输和使用中，这些瓶通常会在接触环上形成磨损痕迹，形成磨损环。磨损环的存在是消费者不愿意接受的，并可能导致消费者放弃购买该产品。此外，磨损环的存在会在填充过程中造成瓶之间的摩擦力增加。在生产线填充饮料时，需要增加推力以维持填充线上瓶的运动。这种增加的推力和因磨损的存在导致的应力集中会使得瓶在填充中更易于破裂。填充工艺中瓶的破损量增加一方面增加了回收、运输和清洗的前期成本，另一方面也增加了填充线破损瓶的清理成本。因此，消除回收瓶上的划痕特别是回收瓶上的磨损环，是促进消费者选择及有效降低生产成本所必须要解决的问题。
现有技术中的玻璃制品抛光工艺和装置一般都是针对平板玻璃的磨抛加工。平板玻璃的装夹、运行相对容易，可以相对简单的工艺获得理想的磨抛效果，各种磨抛技术已经趋于成熟。但是，对于不规则异形面玻璃瓶的磨抛加工，现有技术尚不能满足对玻璃瓶外表面的表面光洁度要求和生产工艺要求，在装夹、运行方面也有一定的实现难度，且效率低下。如何以连续的自动化的方式实现异形玻璃制品的抛光是本行业的需要解决的问题。
现有技术中，对玻璃制品的抛光或划痕去除主要有两种手段。
一种是利用机械磨削来对玻璃瓶进行抛光，主要有以下几类：
1、使用硬砂轮抛光。硬砂轮由轮毂和粘结在轮毂外的磨料和结合剂的复合物组成，砂轮形状包括平行砂轮、双面凹砂轮、双斜边砂轮、筒形砂轮、碟形砂轮和碗形砂轮。这些形状的硬砂轮仅适用于平整表面或线性方向的磨削和抛光。将硬砂轮用于处理三维或异形瓶时，需要对砂轮进行非常复杂的动作控制才能实现。即使通过复杂的动作控制，这些形状的硬砂轮仍不能与异形玻璃瓶的各个部位完全匹配，影响最终的表面抛光效果。
2、使用砂带抛光。砂带是使用粘结剂将磨料粘结在纸或布等柔性材料 上制成的可以进行磨削和抛光的带状工具。砂带通常适用于相对平整的表面或线性磨削和抛光。单一的线性磨削和抛光方式通常会在待加工制品表面留下不易消除的划痕。同时，砂带耐用性差，需要经常更换，不容易实现自动化大规模生产。
3、使用手动工具来人工抛光。这种方式无法保证对大批量的玻璃瓶得到统一的抛光质量，很难提高效率和扩大规模，且人工成本高。
美国专利US1,608,857公开了一种瓶抛光装置，该装置主要包括：框体、由框体可旋转支承的由毛毡、布料等纤维材料制成的抛光鼓/轮、绕框体中心旋转来朝向或远离鼓摆动的导向棒、持瓶框、同时旋转抛光鼓和使持瓶框往复运动的装置、驱动导向棒向抛光鼓移动的弹簧装置、以及限位挡块等等。通过将抛光鼓/轮的较低部分浸入盛放有由粉碎好的磨料和水组成的抛光材料的容器中，旋转瓶来实现抛光。该装置能对大批量瓶进行抛光，但难于实现针对异形瓶的特定位置的划痕进行抛光，也难于对具有复杂三维表面的瓶进行抛光。若通过延长抛光时间来获得理想的抛光效果，则会造成抛光磨料的浪费、抛光效率的降低、和抛光成本的提高。
WO1995028255公开了一种去除瓶表面痕迹的方法。该方法通过先用磨料粒度P220-P600的磨料来粗磨，之后用磨料粒度至少P1000的磨料再细磨，来消除瓶表面的划痕。该方法中，不同粒度的磨料分别是承载在柔性带上的氧化铝和浮石。这种方法难以精确控制施加在瓶三维表面的抛磨力，所以原形状易受改变，且难以实现自动化大规模生产。
另一种是利用化学试剂来去除划痕的方法。化学试剂方法主要是利用特殊组成的混合物涂层来遮盖瓶表面划痕或者通过改良清洗溶剂来减少表面划痕的产生。
欧洲专利申请EP0470442公开了一种用于玻璃制品的磨损痕迹涂层，由包括几种特定类型的化合物的混合物作为涂层来掩盖玻璃制品上的划痕。
中国专利申请CN101760129公开了一种通过使用有机硅乳液的混合物来遮盖玻璃擦伤痕迹的方法。
欧洲专利申请EP1253192公开了一种通过对回用玻璃瓶清洗水的组分进行改进来减少清洗过程中对瓶的磨损的方法。
然而，对循环使用的玻璃瓶采用化学方法来处理，势必会增加后续工序中的清洗程序以避免化学品对人体可能的伤害。因此，这些化学处理方法的适用范围较窄。
现有技术认为不同材质的磨料具有不同的应用领域。举例来说，棕刚玉 A用于磨削碳钢、合金钢、可锻铸铁、硬青铜等；黑色碳化硅C用于磨削铸铁、黄铜、铝、耐火材料及非金属材料；绿色碳化硅GC用于磨削硬质合金、光学玻璃、宝石、玉石、陶瓷等；人造金刚石用于磨削硬质合金、宝石等高硬度材料。中国专利公告CN201592394中提及现有技术的百叶轮由许多碳化硅、氧化铝磨料与普通砂布基布层形成的小磨片和轮芯组成，这种百叶轮通常用于研磨钢材、木头等硬度较低的材料，而不能用于研磨石材、玻璃、陶瓷等材质硬度较大的材料。
因此，需要提供一种新的工艺，避免现有技术抛磨工艺中高成本、高选择性的问题，实现对玻璃制品的具有良好一致性的批量抛光，尤其是对异形玻璃制品的批量抛光。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种抛光工艺，包括：使旋转的待抛光制品与旋转的柔性翼片砂轮离心展开的各柔性翼片接触，砂轮旋转轴与制品旋转轴平行；以气动方式控制柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给，使所述柔性翼片砂轮的翼片的外边缘压触待抛光制品的待抛光表面对其进行抛光。
优选地，所述以气动方式控制柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给是以气动方式通过所述砂轮旋转轴沿制品旋转轴的径向方向施加作用力。
优选地，所述柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给可由待抛光制品的表面轮廓自动补偿，使得所述柔性翼片砂轮的各翼片以恒定的压力压触待抛光制品的待抛光表面。
优选地，所述砂轮旋转轴可进退，以使所述柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给被待抛光制品的轮廓自动补偿。
优选地，所述砂轮旋转轴与制品旋转轴的旋转方向相同，旋转速度不同。
优选地，所述制品旋转轴的旋转速度为1～100r/min，所述砂轮旋转轴的旋转转速为500～3000r/min。所述柔性翼片砂轮的翼片压触待抛光制品的待抛光表面的压力为2～6Kgf。
优选地，柔性翼片砂轮的翼片长度和轮毂的直径比为1∶2-1∶7，通过合理地选择轮毂的直径和翼片的长度，可以有效控制翼片与制品的接触和连续大批量抛光过程中砂轮的使用寿命和更换频率。
优选地，所述柔性翼片砂轮包括轮毂和内边缘固定在轮毂上外边缘向外 展开的多个柔性翼片，每个柔性翼片包括基底和粘结在基底上包括磨料和结合剂的磨料层。所述基底的材料和厚度被选择为所述基底与所述磨料层的消耗速度相同或相似。磨料的硬度为莫氏硬度6～10，磨料例如为碳化硅、氧化铝、氧化铈或人工金刚石。柔性翼片砂轮的磨料粒度大致相同，例如可以是分别选自300-1μm。所述磨料层的密度例如为2.8-4.2g/cm3。基底层由各种布、金属线中的一种制成。使旋转的待抛光制品以砂轮的磨料粒度由大到小的顺序依次与旋转的多个柔性翼片砂轮接触，以完成对待抛光制品自磨削到抛光的抛光工艺。磨料粒度小的砂轮的翼片宽度大于磨料粒度大的砂轮的翼片宽度，以便获得更好的抛光效果。
根据本发明的待抛光制品优选为具有轴对称结构的玻璃制品，例如玻璃瓶，异形玻璃瓶等。本文中，术语抛光泛指包括利用砂轮对制品进行磨削，磨削和抛光，也上下文中有时也被称为磨抛，以及抛光等工艺或步骤，通过抛光工艺使待抛光制品的待抛光表面得到理想的光洁度。本文中，柔性翼片砂轮也称为离心式展开砂轮。根据本发明，旋转砂轮的柔性翼片与旋转的待抛光制品例如玻璃制品表面的接触为软接触，柔性翼片对待抛光表面提供合适的打磨力度，柔性翼片上的磨料层在消除待抛光表面的划痕的同时不会损伤玻璃制品表面产生新的划痕。具有相同尺寸大小的多个翼片的内边缘安装在砂轮的轮毂上，以翼片的宽度作为砂轮的宽度。多个翼片优选等间隔地安装在轮毂上。砂轮随旋转轴高速旋转时，柔性翼片在离心作用下以弧线展开，每一个翼片的外端部和外边缘的一小部分暴露于被抛光制品。翼片磨料层中只有该暴露的部分与待抛光制品的表面接触，在磨料损耗的同时对制品上的划痕进行磨抛。本发明中，以气动方式提供的砂轮向制品方向的移动，使柔性的砂轮翼片的外端部和外边缘可以与玻璃制品的各个部位保持紧密接触，使得抛光无死角，并且可以控制翼片暴露部分的进给速度和进给量恒定，使得翼片总是以新的边缘和端面对制品表面的不同部分进行磨抛和对不同制品的表面进行磨抛，提高了磨抛的效率和磨抛效果的一致性，也使大批量自动化抛光待抛光制品成为可能。进一步，砂轮旋转轴可线性进退，使得所述柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给被待抛光制品的轮廓自动补偿。以这种方式，砂轮柔性翼片的外边缘以相同的接触力接触到异形待抛光制品表面的各个位置，异形表面的各个位置以相同的接触力和相同的磨料层进行磨抛，可以以最小的磨削量实现对异形制品表面的抛光，避免了凸出部位被大量磨削，凹进部分未经抛磨，瓶状制品抛光后壁厚不均匀情况的发生，同时避免了因壁厚不均匀导致在填充线上推力作用下应力集中瓶体破裂 情况的发生。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种抛光设备，该设备包括至少一组砂轮旋转机构，制品旋转机构和至少一组自动进给补偿机构。每组砂轮旋转机构包括伺服电机和由伺服电机驱动的砂轮旋转轴，伺服电机与砂轮旋转轴固定在底板上。制品旋转机构用于驱动制品旋转轴旋转，制品旋转轴与各砂轮旋转轴平行。每组自动进给补偿机构包括：气压源，用于通过气压控制所述砂轮旋转轴相对于制品旋转轴的进给，和直线导轨，其上固定有所述底板的滑块可沿该直线导轨线性运动。
砂轮旋转机构使砂轮旋转轴旋转，并带动其上的柔性翼片砂轮的旋转使翼片在离心作用下弧线展开。制品旋转机构使待抛光制品与砂轮同向旋转，瓶的外表面与旋转砂轮的各柔性翼片的端部和外边缘接触得到抛光。自动进给补偿机构用于使柔性翼片砂轮展开的翼片与旋转的待抛光表面持续保持接触，控制进给速度和进给量并由此控制砂轮片翼片对抛光制品表面的磨削力度，以使诸如玻璃瓶的制品的表面得到均匀抛光。位于直线导轨上的滑块可以使固定在滑块上的砂轮旋转轴在气压源推动下靠近抛光制品或依被抛光制品表面轮廓的凸出部分远离抛光制品，以使施加在抛光表面上的作用力可由抛光制品的表面轮廓自动补偿保持基本恒定。优选地，砂轮翼片施加在待抛光表面作用力约为2～6Kgf。该抛光设备还可进一步地包括砂轮控制机构；用于控制柔性翼片砂轮翼片的开启和关闭。可以采用自动的电动式或气动式控制组件来控制砂轮翼片的开启和关闭等等。
优选地，该抛光设备进一步包括，制品自动装卸机构和制品自动传送机构。制品装卸机构可载上或卸下处于任何工艺阶段和处于工艺阶段之间的制品，例如载上待抛光玻璃制品、卸下完成抛光的玻璃制品等。制品自动传送机构用于将制品转送到规定的抛光位置的自动传送机构。旋转的制品在规定的位置由旋转的柔性翼片砂轮进行抛光。
优选地，该设备进一步包括冷却系统，用于对柔性翼片砂轮降温。所述冷却系统优选为冷却水。在使用柔性翼片砂轮对玻璃制品进行抛光时，使用冷却水不断冲洗柔性翼片砂轮和抛光表面，一方面使砂轮保持较低温度，另一方面将从砂轮中掉落的磨料冲入冷却水中，将磨料分离后，可以不断循环使用。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1、本发明可用来抛光具有环和沟槽的复杂的或不规则的三维或异形玻璃制品，尤其是具有环和沟槽的玻璃瓶。根据本发明的方法，通过采用气动 自补偿式砂轮给进方式，采用柔性翼片砂轮作为磨抛工具，并采用不同磨料粒度的多个抛光步骤对磨损玻璃瓶进行抛光，以最小量的瓶表面磨削量实现了高质量抛光，最大程度地保持了玻璃瓶原始结构和厚度。
2、根据本发明的工艺和设备能够对大批量玻璃瓶进行自动化的、高质量、高一致性、高效率的抛光，经抛光的玻璃包装制品可提升消费者对品牌的直观印象和消费者满意度，使大量旧玻璃瓶的回收再利用成为可能，并由此大量了节约购买新瓶的成本，降低了原材料和能源的消耗。
3、根据本发明的工艺，可以使用碳化硅磨料对玻璃制品进行抛光，并获得了满意的表面效果。相比现有工艺，根据本发明的方法显著降低了玻璃瓶回收利用的成本。
4、本发明采用的柔性翼片砂轮具有可用于多次磨抛工艺的磨料层和基底层，通过最少量的移除玻璃制品上的材料就能获得满意的表面效果，使玻璃制品保持原始的几何结构，并能提高效率。由于磨削量显著小于现有异形玻璃瓶的抛光磨削量，翼片磨料层的磨料消耗量同样显著小于常规磨料消耗量，可减少更换砂轮的次数，使连续生产成为可能。
5.本发明的玻璃瓶磨抛工艺可直接结合应用到现有的灌装生产线上，将根据本发明的抛光设备设置在灌装设备之前，在灌装前对包装瓶进行自动化连续抛光，可以减少灌装生产线上推动玻璃瓶前进的压力，并减少玻璃制品破损率。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1和图2为本发明的柔性翼片砂轮与玻璃瓶接触时示意图。
图3和图4为根据本发明抛光设备生产线的示意图。
图5为根据本发明的抛光设备局部的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明，下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而二非限制性的，不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
图1和图2示出根据本发明的利用柔性翼片砂轮对玻璃瓶进行研磨和抛光处理的工艺示意图。
如图所示，柔性翼片砂轮1101包括轮毂和多个柔性翼片。每个柔性翼 片包括基底和粘结在基底上包括磨料和结合剂的磨料层。基底是柔性材料，例如可以是布，无纺布或金属，有机高分子材料等。磨料层包括磨料和结合剂。磨料的硬度优选为莫氏硬度6～10，可以是例如碳化硅、氧化铝、氧化铈或人工金刚石。柔性翼片砂轮的磨料粒度选自300-1μm，可以是例如但不限于粒度分别为150-180μm，35-40μm，20-25μm，15-20μm，10-13μm的磨料颗粒，磨料层的密度为2.8-4.2g/cm3。柔性翼片的内边缘固定在轮毂上，各翼片之间安装间距优选相同。同一砂轮上翼片尺寸优选相同。砂轮旋转时在转动方向上每一个翼片外边缘的一小部分和端面露出，露出的部分与待抛光制品的表面接触对制品表面进行抛光。对于具有环和沟槽等复杂结构的待抛光制品1201或具有不规则的三维或异形形状的玻璃制品，砂轮的柔性翼片在旋转的离心作用下向外展开，其外边缘可以到达制品的每一表面对其进行抛光。基底的材料和厚度以及磨料层的材料和厚度被选择为所述基底与所述磨料层的消耗速度相同或相似。这样，基底材料随着磨料的磨削被磨削掉，一方面保证了与抛光制品表面接触的磨料层颗粒的一致性，另一方面避免了基底材料过长缠绕住砂轮轴或制品轴，导致磨料不能均匀接触抛光制品表面甚至会带来砂轮轴或制品轴停止转动的危险。
如图所示，用于使柔性翼片砂轮旋转的砂轮旋转轴110与用于使待抛光制品1201旋转的制品旋转轴120彼此平行设置，砂轮旋转轴与制品旋转轴同向例如顺时针旋转。制品旋转轴的旋转速度例如为1～100r/min，砂轮旋转轴的旋转速度例如为500～3000r/min。在翼片与制品的接触位置，翼片与制品相向运动。在高速旋转的离心作用下，翼片外边缘沿远离砂轮旋转轴方向的运动对制品进行切向磨削。柔性翼片的这种磨削方式，可将磨削脱落的磨料颗粒带离被抛光制品，避免了硬砂轮磨削中出现的磨料颗粒嵌入被抛光制品的现象，可有效改善抛光效果。为使翼片表面外边缘的暴露于制品的部分与制品表面充分接触，本发明以气动方式通过所述砂轮旋转轴沿制品轴的径向方向施加作用力使砂轮的翼片压触待抛光制品的待抛光表面。该径向作用力不仅使翼片的外边缘充分接触待抛光制品的外表面，还对制品进行径向磨削，这有利于有效去除存在于制品表面的较深划痕，显著提高磨削效率。使旋转的待抛光制品按照各砂轮的磨料粒度由大到小的顺序，依次接触多个磨料粒度不同的砂轮，完成对待抛光制品表面自磨削到抛光的抛光工艺。这些砂轮翼片的宽度W可相同或不同。根据本发明的一个优选实施例，各砂轮的翼片磨料颗粒的粒径越小，翼片宽度越宽，即最先对待抛光制品进行磨抛的砂轮的翼片宽度最窄，后一抛光工序的翼片砂轮的翼片宽度大于前一抛光 工序的砂轮的翼片宽度。以这种方式，在对被抛光制品的划痕进行研磨抛光的同时，下一抛光工序对前一抛光工序的砂轮可能产生的磨痕进行抛光，最终得到表面光滑，光洁如新的抛光制品。
本发明以气动方式通过砂轮轴施加作用力使砂轮的柔性翼片压触在制品外表面上，并通过砂轮轴的进给补偿翼片的损耗，以保证翼片暴露部分的进给速度和进给量恒定。在被抛光制品为具有凹槽特别是具有沿轴向延伸凹槽的异形外表面的情况下，如果仅以气动方式将磨轮的外边缘压触在制品表面上并保持气压源提供的作用力恒定，随着制品的旋转，翼片作用于待抛光制品外表面凸出部分的压力和接触面积大于作用于制品凹进表面处的压力和接触面积。如果恒定的动力值过大，会对外表面的凸出部分造成过度磨抛，使诸如玻璃瓶类的薄壁制品的局部壁厚减薄，导致瓶体的形状改变或强度降低。如果恒定的动力值过小，则由于待抛光制品凸起部分的存在而使翼片外边缘接触不到其凹进部分，导致凹进部分未被抛光，影响抛光效果。根据本发明的柔性翼片优选实施例，柔性翼片能弯曲变形使施加在制品表面的压力由制品的外形自动补偿，使得翼片各部位以相似的压力和与制品表面接触，对制品表面进行均匀一致的抛光，可以得到具有光滑表面的抛光制品。
本发明进一步提供一种自动化连续抛光设备，如图3-5所示，用于对诸如玻璃瓶的待抛光制品进行抛光。该抛光设备包括至少一组砂轮旋转机构310，410，510，制品旋转机构420，520，自动进给补偿机构430，530，以及制品装卸机构和制品自动输运机构。每一组砂轮旋转机构510包括磨抛伺服电机501、磨抛电机多楔皮带502和砂轮旋转轴503。磨抛伺服电机通过多楔皮带与砂轮旋转轴相连接，用于驱动砂轮旋转轴旋转。每一砂轮旋转轴上可沿轴向设置一个或多个柔性翼片砂轮。多个砂轮设置在不同的高度可对制品的不同位置进行磨抛，如图1所示，在一个砂轮旋转轴上设置有两个砂轮，或多个砂轮被叠置用于增加砂轮的宽度对制品进行磨抛，未示出。磨抛伺服电机和砂轮旋转轴固定安装在固定底板上504，二者之间无相互运动。自动给进补偿机构包括气缸511和配有直线轴承或滑块512的直线导轨513。气缸推动安装有磨抛伺服电机和砂轮旋转轴的固定底板，使其上的砂轮旋转轴朝向制品旋转轴进给，使柔性翼片砂轮翼片暴露的外边缘压触在待抛光表面上。通过控制气缸的气压可控制砂轮旋转轴上的砂轮的进给速度和进给量。分别控制砂轮旋转轴的旋转和制品旋转轴的旋转速度可以控制打磨力度，对制品表面进行抛光。支撑伺服电机和旋转轴整体的直线轴承或滑块512可沿直线导轨线性前后运动。磨抛时，由气缸提供的作用力通过砂轮旋转轴 将柔性翼片的外边缘压触在制品外表面，由于砂轮可线性移动，由气体源气缸作为动力推动的砂轮依照制品外表面的轮廓进退，保持翼片接触玻璃瓶表面不同位置的接触力和接触面积恒定，对具有异形结构的制品的不同部位具有相同的磨抛效果，有效解决了各种圆周尺寸不同的玻璃瓶的磨削不均匀的问题。根据本发明的自动进给补偿机构，结构简单，稳定性好且成本低，使异形制品的标准化磨抛加工成为可能，并可得到外观整齐一致性高的抛光制品。根据本发明的制品旋转机构驱动制品旋转轴，使位于其上的制品旋转。在本发明的方法中，制品与砂轮同时旋转，可得到均匀一致的抛光表面。优选地，本发明的制品装卸机构，例如具有机械手自动开合式装卸结构，自动装卸待抛光制品，进一步包括可以使载上的玻璃制品进行工位之间的移动和切换的横梁工位移动切换机构，和制品自动输运机构可以将待抛光制品输运到多个不同的磨抛工位，由不同颗粒度的柔性翼片砂轮依次对制品表面进行磨抛，实现对制品表面的抛光。根据本发明的一个实施例，砂轮旋转机构可位于制品旋转轴一侧，位于砂轮旋转轴的不同高度上的两个或多个柔性翼片砂轮可以对制品的不同位置进行磨抛，如图1所示。根据本发明的另一实施例，两个或多个砂轮旋转机构可关于被抛光制品旋转轴的相对设置，如图3至图5所示，分别驱动砂轮旋转轴使其上的砂轮对制品的不同位置进行磨抛。根据本发明的抛光设备，进一步包括冷却机构，用于对柔性翼片砂轮进行降温。冷却系统优选使用水作为冷却介质，或者使用包括磨料和水的抛光液作为冷却介质。在使用柔性翼片砂轮对玻璃制品进行抛光时，使用冷却介质不断冲洗柔性翼片砂轮和抛光表面，一方面使砂轮降温，另一方面将从砂轮掉落的磨料冲离磨抛表面，以保证抛光质量。将使用过的冷却介质收集并将磨料与水分离后，可以不断循环使用。
利用本发明的抛光设备，并采用根据本发明的抛光工艺，使得对玻璃瓶的连续的自动化的高质量抛光成为可能。
实施例1
通过采用市购型号分别为#80，#320，#800的环氧树脂粘结剂碳化硅砂纸作为柔性翼片的柔性翼片砂轮，采用根据本发明的抛光工艺，以不同的接触力对玻璃瓶进行磨削，得到的磨削效果如下表所示。
磨料 颗粒度 孔隙度 接触力 磨削效果 翼片寿命
碳化硅 #80 低 6Kgf 好 翼片可长时间持续使用
碳化硅 #320 高 2Kgf 差 翼片使用时间短
碳化硅 #800 低 4Kgf 好 翼片可长时间持续使用
可以看出，以环氧树脂作为主要粘结剂的碳化硅磨料，可以用于对玻璃制品进行抛光。采用磨料层具有低孔隙率的翼片，通过选择合适的接触磨削力对玻璃制品进行磨抛，可以获得良好的磨抛效果，而且翼片使用时间长。当采用高孔隙率翼片以较小的接触磨削力对制品进行磨抛时，磨抛效果不好，且翼片磨料磨损量大，使用短。本领域技术人员可以理解，可以根据待抛光制品的材质及磨损程度，选择砂轮的磨料材料，颗粒度和磨料层密度。例如采用不同磨料粒度例如，约300μm、约200μm、约160μm、约155μm、约50μm、约数微米的柔性翼片，对瓶进行粗磨、中等磨和精细磨，最终使用碳化硅粉末进行抛光。控制柔性翼片砂轮的翼片压触待抛光制品的待抛光表面的压力为2～6Kgf。具体地，通过控制提供进给动力的气源压力并借助砂轮旋转轴高速旋转对翼片产生的离心作用，可以控制翼片与玻璃瓶的接触力并控制抛光效果。从该实施例可以看出，低成本的碳化硅可有效用于对玻璃进行抛光。
实施例2
下面将参照实施例2具体说明根据本发明的一种玻璃制品的抛光工艺。采用六个不同磨料粒径的柔性翼片砂轮依次对玻璃制品进行抛光。该实施例中每个柔性翼片砂轮的轮毂直径为150mm，翼片的长度和轮毂的直径比为1∶6，翼片的长度为25mm。第一至第六翼片的翼片的宽度分别为8mm，10mm，12mm，15mm，18mm，19mm，柔性翼片的基底材料为布。第一至第五砂轮的翼片磨料层中磨料为碳化硅，颗粒度分别为，例如，约300μm、约200μm、约160μm、约155μm、约50μm的柔性翼片。第六砂轮翼片的磨料为氧化铈，颗粒度为约1微米。利用包括环氧树脂和滑石粉的粘结剂将磨料颗粒形成磨料层并粘附在基底上，磨料层的密度约为3.2g/cm3。研磨过程中，砂轮旋转轴和制品旋转轴顺时针同向旋转。各制品旋转轴的转速均为23r/min。第一至第六砂轮旋转轴的旋转转速为分别800r/min，1000r/min，1200r/min，1600r/min，1800r/min，和2000r/min。通过控制气缸气源压力，将柔性翼片外边缘施加在制品上的作用力控制为2～6Kgf，在该实施例中第一至第六砂轮翼片 的作用力分别约为4Kgf，将所述柔性翼片砂轮与玻璃制品的待抛光表面保持接触并对待抛光表面施加适当的打磨力度。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种抛光工艺，包括：
    使旋转的待抛光制品与旋转的柔性翼片砂轮离心展开的各柔性翼片接触，砂轮旋转轴与制品旋转轴平行；以及
    以气动方式控制柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给，使所述柔性翼片砂轮的翼片的外边缘压触待抛光制品的待抛光表面对其进行抛光。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述以气动方式控制柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给是以气动方式通过所述砂轮旋转轴沿制品旋转轴的径向方向施加作用力。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给可依据待抛光制品的表面轮廓自动补偿，使得所述柔性翼片砂轮的各翼片以恒定的压力压触待抛光制品的待抛光表面。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述砂轮旋转轴可进退，以使所述柔性翼片砂轮相对于所述待抛光制品表面的进给被待抛光制品的轮廓自动补偿。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述砂轮旋转轴与制品旋转轴的旋转方向相同，旋转速度不同。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述制品旋转轴的旋转速度为1～100r/min，所述砂轮旋转轴的旋转转速为500～3000r/min。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述柔性翼片砂轮的翼片压触待抛光制品的待抛光表面的压力为2～6Kgf。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述柔性翼片砂轮包括轮毂和内边缘固定在轮毂上且外边缘可向外展开的多个柔性翼片，每个柔性翼片包括基底和粘结在基底上包括磨料和结合剂的磨料层。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述基底的材料被选择为所述基底与所述磨料层的消耗速度相同或相似。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，该工艺进一步包括使旋转的待抛光制品以砂轮的磨料粒度由大到小的顺序依次与旋转的多个柔性翼片砂轮接触，磨料粒度小的砂轮翼片宽度大于磨料粒度大的砂轮翼片宽度。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述多个柔性翼片 砂轮中各砂轮的磨料粒度分别选自300-1μm。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，柔性翼片砂轮的磨料选自硬度为莫氏硬度6～10的磨料。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，柔性翼片砂轮的磨料选自碳化硅，氧化铝，金刚石或氧化铈。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的抛光工艺，其特征在于，所述待抛光制品为玻璃制品。
  15. 一种抛光设备，包括
    至少一组砂轮旋转机构，每组砂轮旋转机构包括伺服电机和由伺服电机驱动的砂轮旋转轴；
    制品旋转机构，用于驱动制品旋转轴旋转，所述制品旋转轴与各砂轮旋转轴平行；以及
    至少一组自动进给补偿机构，
    其特征在于，
    所述伺服电机与砂轮旋转轴固定在底板上，
    每组自动进给补偿机构包括：
    气压源，用于通过气压控制所述伺服电机与砂轮旋转轴相对于制品旋转轴的进给，
    直线导轨，其上固定有所述底板的滑块可沿该直线导轨线性运动。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的抛光设备，其特征在于，该设备进一步包括，制品自动装卸机构和制品自动传送机构。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的抛光设备，其特征在于，该设备进一步包括冷却系统，用于对抛光表面进行水冷。
PCT/CN2016/109156 2015-12-09 2016-12-09 一种玻璃制品的抛光工艺和抛光设备 WO2017097249A1 (zh)

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