WO2017079940A1 - 含有磷酸酯类外给电子体的聚丙烯聚合用催化体系及其应用 - Google Patents

含有磷酸酯类外给电子体的聚丙烯聚合用催化体系及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2017079940A1
WO2017079940A1 PCT/CN2015/094440 CN2015094440W WO2017079940A1 WO 2017079940 A1 WO2017079940 A1 WO 2017079940A1 CN 2015094440 W CN2015094440 W CN 2015094440W WO 2017079940 A1 WO2017079940 A1 WO 2017079940A1
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group
formula
butyl
phosphate
electron donor
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PCT/CN2015/094440
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王立才
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营口市向阳催化剂有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2017079940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017079940A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/646Catalysts comprising at least two different metals, in metallic form or as compounds thereof, in addition to the component covered by group C08F4/64
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/647Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound
    • C08F4/649Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound organic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a catalytic system for olefin polymerization, and more particularly to a catalytic system for olefin polymerization comprising a phosphate external electron donor and/or a phosphonate external electron donor and an application thereof.
  • the catalytic system comprises a main catalyst, an internal electron donor, an aluminum alkyl, and an external electron donor.
  • the internal electron donor is indispensable as a component in the catalytic system, and with the development of internal electron donor compounds, the catalytic system of polyolefins, especially polypropylene, has been continuously updated, and at present, a large number of them have been disclosed.
  • a variety of internal electron donor compounds such as polycarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid esters, anhydrides, ketones, monoethers or polyethers, alcohols, amines, and the like, and derivatives thereof.
  • binary aromatic carboxylic acid ester diester compounds such as di-n-butyl phthalate or di-isobutyl phthalate, can be used.
  • a Ziegler-Natta catalyst containing a diester internal electron donor needs to be used in combination with a corresponding external electron donor to produce a polypropylene having high performance.
  • the external electron donors currently used are mainly siloxane-based external electron donors (silane-containing electron donors containing 1 to 4 alkoxy groups), the most common being dialkyldimethoxy Silane. It has been found that the structure of the external electron donor has different effects on the isotacticity of the polypropylene, the hydrogen sensitivity of the catalyst, and the activity. According to different needs, different external electron donors can be used to produce different grades of polypropylene products. However, propylene polymerization is a violent exothermic reaction, and temperature control is very important.
  • the temperature is too high, it may cause agglomeration, block the reactor, and cause parking.
  • the temperature rises, which tends to increase the polymerization rate, and the heat release further increases, which often causes rapid temperature rise, which brings difficulties to the operation of the reactor.
  • the current siloxane-based external electron donors cannot control the temperature regulation during the polymerization process. Therefore, it is desirable to adjust the temperature during the polymerization by adding a second type of external electron donor to control the polymerization reaction to proceed smoothly.
  • the applicant's previous application indicates that the introduction of carbonate as the second type of external electron donor also inhibits the activity of the propylene polymerization catalyst at high temperatures, for example, at 100 ° C, the catalytic activity of the catalyst is 20.5 Kg PP / g catalyst, polypropylene with an isotacticity of 96.0%.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel catalytic system for olefin polymerization, in particular, a phosphate compound and/or a phosphonate compound having a large volume steric hindrance and a silicon oxide are used in the catalytic system of the present invention.
  • the alkane external electron donor constitutes a composite external electron donor and is used for olefin polymerization.
  • a phosphate compound or a phosphonate compound in combination with a siloxane external electron donor is superior to the cinnamate and siloxane external electron donor or carbonate and silicon. Oxygenation of external oxygen donors.
  • a catalytic system comprising a plurality of external electron donors, comprising a solid catalyst component (A), an alkyl aluminum (B) and a plurality of external electron donors (C);
  • Component (A) is a magnesium halide-supported Ti solid component, and contains a diester internal electron donor and a diether. An electron donor or a combination thereof;
  • Component (C) includes a first type of external electron donor and a second type of external electron donor, wherein said first type of external electron donor is a silane containing at least one C 1-10 alkoxy group,
  • the second external electron donor is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2):
  • R 1 is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group
  • R 2 is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group
  • R 3 is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group
  • R 4 is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group
  • R 5 is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group
  • R 6 is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are each independently selected from a C 1-20 aliphatic group, a C 3-20 alicyclic group or a C 6-20 aromatic group.
  • Substituted by a substituent of the S hetero atom for example, the substituent is NR a , wherein R a is selected from a C 1-20 alkyl group; more preferably a C 1-20 aliphatic group containing no hetero atom, C 3-20 An alicyclic or C 6-20 aromatic group.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are each independently selected from C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, C 3-20 cycloalkyl or C 6-20 aryl Wherein the above group is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent containing one or more N, O, S heteroatoms, for example, the substituent is NR a , wherein R a is selected from C 1-10 alkyl; more preferably It is a C 1-20 alkyl group, a C 2-20 alkenyl group, a C 3-20 cycloalkyl group or a C 6-20 aromatic group which does not contain a hetero atom.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are each independently selected from C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl or C 6-14 aryl Wherein the above group is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent containing one or more N, O, S heteroatoms, for example, the substituent is NR a , wherein R a is selected from C 1-10 alkyl; more preferably R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from a C 1-10 alkyl group having no hetero atom, a C 2-20 alkenyl group, a C 3-20 cycloalkyl group or a C 6-20 aryl group; Still more preferred are C 3-6 alkyl groups free of heteroatoms such as n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or n-hexyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexane.
  • a particularly preferred external electron donor of the second type represented by the formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of triisopropyl phosphate, tri-n-hexyl phosphate or tri-n-butyl phosphate.
  • R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and are each independently selected from a C 1-20 aliphatic group, a C 3-20 alicyclic group or a C 6-20 aromatic group.
  • Substituted by a substituent of the S hetero atom for example, the substituent is NR a , wherein R a is selected from a C 1-20 alkyl group; more preferably a C 1-20 aliphatic group containing no hetero atom, C 3-20 An alicyclic or C 6-20 aromatic group.
  • R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and are each independently selected from C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, C 3-20 cycloalkyl or C 6-20 aryl, Wherein the above group is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent containing one or more N, O, S heteroatoms, for example, the substituent is NR a , wherein R a is selected from C 1-10 alkyl; more preferably A hetero atom-free C 1-20 alkyl group, a C 2-20 alkenyl group, a C 3-20 cycloalkyl group or a C 6-20 aromatic group.
  • R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and are each independently selected from C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl or C 6-14 aryl Wherein said group is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent containing one or more N, O, S heteroatoms, for example, the substituent is NR a , wherein R a is selected from C 1-10 alkyl; more preferred Is a C 1-10 alkyl group having no hetero atom, a C 2-20 alkenyl group, a C 3-20 cycloalkyl group or a C 6-20 aryl group; still more preferably, R 6 is selected from a hetero atom-free group.
  • R 4 and R 5 are the same or different and are each independently selected from a C 3-6 alkyl group containing no hetero atom, such as n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl Base, tert-butyl or n-hexyl.
  • R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclopropyl. , cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl. More preferred are isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl.
  • a particularly preferred external electron donor of the second type represented by the formula (2) is selected from the group consisting of dihexyl phenylphosphonate, di-sec-butyl phenylphosphonate, diisopropyl ethylphosphonate, and 1-propylphosphine. Diisopropyl acid or dihexyl cyclohexylphosphonate.
  • the second external electron donor may be a mixture, for example, a mixture of two or more of the formula (1), or a mixture of two or more of the formula (2), or the formula (1) And a mixture of the formula (2), such as a mixture of any one of the formula (1) and any one of the formula (2), or a mixture of any one of the formula (1) and two or more formulas (2), or two or more A mixture of formula (1) and any one of formula (2).
  • the Al/Ti molar ratio is from 10 to 1,000, preferably from 40 to 800, more preferably from 60 to 600; C/Ti mole.
  • the ratio is 2-50, preferably 5-30.
  • the molar ratio of the first external electron donor to the second external electron donor is 1:99 to 99:1, preferably the first external
  • the molar ratio of the electron body to the second external electron donor is from 1:80 to 80:1, or from 5:95 to 95:5, and may also be from 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably from 15:85 to 85. :15; or 20:80 to 80:20, 30:70 to 70:30, most preferably 40:60 to 60:40.
  • the present invention also provides a process for the polymerization of olefins which catalyzes the polymerization of olefins in the presence of hydrogen using the above-described catalytic system of the present invention.
  • the method comprises the following steps in any order or in any combination or recombination of individual steps:
  • the present invention also provides a method of controlling polymerization activity in a reactor, the method comprising intermittently adding one or more phosphate compounds represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention or A phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2).
  • the method comprises the addition of a first type of external electron donor according to the invention.
  • the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) or a mixture thereof is added as a second external electron donor.
  • the first type of external electron donor is added at the beginning of the reaction, and the second type of external electron donor is added when any one or more of the following conditions occur:
  • the present invention also provides the use of the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) or a mixture thereof according to the present invention in the polymerization method of the olefin of the present invention.
  • the compound can be used to stabilize the polymerization or to treat the aluminum alkyl (B) (cocatalyst).
  • the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) may be one or more.
  • the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) may be combined with one or more of the first external electron donors of the present invention. Used to achieve a stable polymerization reaction.
  • the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) of the present invention may be intermittently added to the external electron donor of the first type to effect stable polymerization.
  • one or more of the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) may be used in the presence of an alkyl aluminum (B) (cocatalyst).
  • the solid catalyst component (A) is treated downward, and the resulting catalyst system of the solid catalyst component (A), the phosphate compound or the phosphonate compound and the aluminum alkyl (B) can be stored and carried before use.
  • a catalytic system comprising a solid catalyst component (A) with an aluminum alkyl (B) with one or more first external electron donors, and with one or more phosphate compounds or The phosphonate compound is used directly in the polymerization.
  • the mixture of the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) includes two or more of the formula (1). a mixture, or a mixture of two or more of formula (2), or a mixture of formula (1) and formula (2), such as a mixture of any one of formula (1) and any one of formula (2), or any A mixture of the formula (1) and two or more of the formula (2), or a mixture of two or more of the formula (1) and any one of the formula (2).
  • the above mixture thereof is preferably two or more of triisopropyl phosphate, tri-n-hexyl phosphate or tri-n-butyl phosphate represented by the formula (1); or a phenylphosphine represented by the formula (2).
  • dihexyl acrylate, di-sec-butyl phenylphosphonate, diisopropyl ethylphosphonate, diisopropyl 1-propylphosphonate or dihexyl cyclohexylphosphonate Such as three, four or five compositions; it may also be a combination of two or more of formula (1) and formula (2), such as triisopropyl phosphate, tri-n-hexyl phosphate or tri-n-phosphate Any of butyl esters and phenylphosphine a combination of dihexyl acrylate, di-sec-butyl phenylphosphonate, diisopropyl ethylphosphonate, diisopropyl 1-propylphosphonate or dihexyl cyclohexylphosphonate; or phosphoric acid Any of triisopropyl ester, tri-n-hexyl phosphate or tri-n-buty
  • the olefin in the olefin polymerization reaction of the present invention may be selected from one or more of ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and 1-hexene. Preference is given to blends of propylene or propylene with other alpha-olefins such as ethylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene and the like.
  • the polymerization includes homopolymerization or copolymerization.
  • the present invention provides a novel multi-component external electron donor and a catalytic system comprising the same, and a method for controlling polymerization activity in a reactor, the multi-component external electron donor comprising a first type of external electron donor and a second type
  • the second external electron donor is a phosphate compound and/or a phosphonate compound having a large volume steric hindrance.
  • a suitable phosphate compound or phosphonate compound can be used to suppress the high temperature activity of the catalyst, and the effect thereof is not lower than the temperature control effect of the fatty acid ester compound in the prior art.
  • a phosphate compound or a phosphonate compound in combination with a siloxane external electron donor is superior to the cinnamate and siloxane external electron donor or carbonate and silicon. Oxygenation of external oxygen donors.
  • a catalytic system comprising a multi-component external electron donor comprising a solid catalyst component (A), an alkyl aluminum (B) and a plurality of external electron donors (C);
  • Component (A) is a magnesium halide-supported Ti solid component and contains a diester internal electron donor, a diether internal electron donor or a combination thereof; and
  • component (C) includes a first external electron donor ( C1) and a second type of external electron donor (C2).
  • the diester internal electron donor in the component (A) is selected from the group consisting of an aromatic carboxylic acid diester compound, a malonic ester compound, a succinate compound, a glutarate compound, and a glycol lipid. Compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • the aromatic carboxylic acid diester compound is represented by the following formula (3).
  • the malonic ester compound is represented by the following formula (4).
  • the succinate compound is represented by the following formula (5).
  • the glutarate compound is represented by the following formula (6).
  • glycol ester compound is represented by the following formula (7).
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 are the same or different and are each independently selected from hydrogen or a C 1-12 alkyl group.
  • R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are preferably hydrogen; preferably, R 19 and R 20 are the same or different and are each independently selected from C 3-6 alkyl such as isobutyl or n-butyl.
  • R 9 and R 10 are the same or different and each independently selected from a C 2-6 alkyl group such as ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or the like;
  • R 11 Same or different from R 12 , each independently selected from a C 1-10 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, decyl, etc.
  • R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 are the same or different and are each independently selected from C 2-6 alkyl, Such as ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, etc.; R 13 , R 14 , R 25 , R 26 are the same or different and are each independently selected from C 1-10 Alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, decyl and the like.
  • R 33 and R 35 are the same or different and each independently selected from halogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 3-20 cycloalkyl, C 6-20 aryl, C 7- 20 aralkyl or C 2-20 alkenyl.
  • R 34 is selected from C 2-20 unsubstituted or substituted alkyl groups selected from halogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 3-20 cycloalkyl, C 6-20 aryl, C 7-20 aralkyl group, C 2-20 alkenyl group, hetero atom-containing C 1-20 alkyl group, hetero atom-containing C 3-20 cycloalkyl group, hetero atom-containing C 6-20 An aryl group, a C 7-20 aralkyl group containing a hetero atom or a C 2-20 alkenyl group containing a hetero atom selected from one of halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, and phosphorus. Or a variety.
  • the diether internal electron donor in the component (A) is selected from a 1,3-diether compound as shown in the formula (8).
  • R 36 and R 37 are the same or different and are each independently selected from a C 1-20 alkyl group, a C 3-20 cycloalkyl group, a C 6-20 aryl group or a C 7-20 aralkyl group;
  • R 38 , R 39 , R 40 , R 41 , R 42 , R 43 are the same or different and are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 3-20 cycloalkyl, C 6- An aryl group of 20 , a C 7-20 aralkyl group, or a ring structure in which two or more of R 38 -R 43 are bonded.
  • the internal electron donor in the component (A) is selected from the group consisting of diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and 2-isopropylmalonic acid.
  • component (A) of the catalytic system comprises magnesium halide, titanium compound And a diester (such as diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-n-butyl 2-isopropylmalonate, diethyl 2-mercaptomalonate , 2-methyl-2-isopropylmalonate diethyl ester, diisobutyl succinate diisobutyl acrylate, diisobutyl 2,3-diisopropylsuccinate, and mixtures thereof)
  • a diester such as diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-n-butyl 2-isopropylmalonate, diethyl 2-mercaptomalonate , 2-methyl-2-isopropylmalonate diethyl ester, diisobutyl succinate diisobutyl acrylate, diisobutyl 2,3-diisopropylsuccinate
  • the solid catalyst component (A) can be produced by various methods, such as CN1453298, CN1690039, EP1840138, CN101423566, CN101423570, CN101423571, CN101423572, CN1986576, CN1986576, CN101125898, CN1891722, WO2007147864, CN1831017, CN101560273, EP 2029637, EP2029642, CN1330086 , CN1463990, CN1397568, CN1528793, CN1732671, CN1563112, CN1034548, CN1047302, CN1091748, CN1109067, CN94103454, CN1199056, EP03614941990, EP03614931990, WO002617.
  • the magnesium halide is selected from magnesium chloride or magnesium bromide.
  • the formula of the titanium compound is as shown in the formula (9):
  • R is a branched or linear alkyl group of C 1-12
  • X is a halogen such as F, Cl, Br or I
  • n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. It is preferably TiCl 4 .
  • the alkyl aluminum in the component (B) is a trialkyl aluminum, preferably triethyl aluminum or triisobutyl aluminum.
  • the first external electron donor (C1) in the component (C) is selected from the group consisting of dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane, diisobutyldimethoxysilane, and Isopropyldimethoxysilane, dicyclohexyldimethoxysilane, methylcyclohexyldimethoxysilane, di-tert-butyldimethoxysilane, ethylcyclohexyldimethoxysilane, diphenyl Dimethoxysilane, di-n-propyldimethoxysilane, di-n-butyldimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, isopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-propyltriethoxysilane, isopropyltriethoxysilane, tetra
  • the second external electron donor (C2) in the component (C) is selected from the group consisting of triisopropyl phosphate, tri-n-hexyl phosphate, dihexyl cyclohexylphosphonate or phenyl. Di-sec-butyl phosphonate and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention has found that when the first external electron donor in the catalyst component (C) is used as an external electron donor alone, it has a high isotropy, but the polymer agglomeration or the polymerization temperature is too high in the polymerization reaction. The situation has no control effect. The strength of action of different electron donors and Ziegler-Natta catalyst active centers is different. Therefore, the present invention employs two types of external electron donors, wherein the first type provides stereotactic properties for the catalyst, and the second external electron donor of the component (C) has a catalyst portion after the polymerization temperature is higher than 85 ° C. Inactivation, catalytic activity Reduced properties, easy to control reactor temperature.
  • a method of controlling polymerization activity in a reactor comprising intermittently adding one or more formulas (1) as described in the present invention during the reaction.
  • Phosphate compound or phosphonate compound represented by formula (2) represented by formula (2).
  • the method comprises adding a first type of external electron donor according to the invention.
  • the phosphate compound represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) is added as a second external electron donor.
  • the first type of external electron donor is added at the beginning of the reaction, and the second type of external electron donor is added when any one or more of the following conditions occur:
  • the polymer may be agglomerated during the polymerization reaction or the polymerization temperature is too high.
  • the one or more phosphate compounds represented by the formula (1) or the phosphonate compound represented by the formula (2) of the present invention to the reactor in time to form the invention.
  • a multi-component external electron donor in which the addition time is sufficient to reduce polymer agglomeration, exfoliation or fouling to stabilize the polymerization.
  • the isotacticity of polypropylene was determined by heptane extraction. About 2 g of polypropylene was placed in a Soxhlet extractor, extracted with boiling heptane for 6 hours, and the remaining polymer was dried to constant weight to the remaining polymer. The ratio of the initial addition to the polymer is isotactic.
  • the melt index of the polypropylene was measured in accordance with the test standard ASTM D1238, and the experimental conditions were 2.16 Kg, 230 °C.
  • the 5 L autoclave was heated and evacuated to remove air and water, replaced with nitrogen, three times, and then added with 20 mg of the MgCl 2 -supported TiCl 4 catalyst solid component (the internal electron donor was diisobutyl phthalate).
  • the reaction kettle was closed, the temperature of the kettle was raised to 70 ° C, and polymerization was started. After 1 h of reaction, unreacted propylene was discharged to obtain 720 g of polypropylene particles, and the catalytic activity was 36.6 Kg PP / g of catalyst, and the isotacticity was 99.5% (see Table 1). ).
  • the polymerization process was the same as in Example 1, except that the type and proportion of the external electron donor were changed. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • D1 the first type of electron donor
  • D2 the second type of electron donor
  • D biscyclopentyldimethoxysilane
  • C methylcyclohexyldimethoxysilane
  • B diisobutyldimethoxysilane
  • P diisopropyldimethoxysilane
  • NPTMS positive Propyltrimethoxysilane
  • DPTMS cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane.
  • Example 2 Others were the same as in Example 1, except that the polymerization temperature was 90 ° C, the catalytic activity was 24.3 Kg PP / g of the catalyst, and the isotacticity of the polypropylene was 97.5%.
  • Example 2 Others were the same as in Example 1, except that the polymerization temperature was 100 ° C, the catalytic activity was 21.5 Kg PP / g of catalyst, and the isotacticity of polypropylene was 97.0%.

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  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种含有多元外给电子体的催化体系,包含固体催化剂组分(A),烷基铝(B)和多元外给电子体(C),其中组分(A)为卤化镁负载的Ti固体组分,并含有二酯类内给电子体、二醚类内给电子体或其组合;组分(C)包括第一类外给电子体和第二类外给电子体,其中,所述的第一类外给电子体为至少包含一个C1-10的烷氧基的硅烷;第二类外给电子体选自一种或多种磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物。该催化体系用于烯烃聚合时,能起到抑制催化剂高温活性的特点,且其效果不低于现有技术中的脂肪酸酯类化合物的控温效果。

Description

含有磷酸酯类外给电子体的聚丙烯聚合用催化体系及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及烯烃聚合用催化体系,具体涉及含有磷酸酯类外给电子体和/或膦酸酯类外给电子体的烯烃聚合用催化体系及其应用。
背景技术
齐格勒-纳塔丙烯聚合用催化体系是本领域所公知的。一般,该催化体系包括主催化剂、内给电子体、烷基铝及外给电子体。
其中,内给电子体作为催化体系中的成分是必不可少的,并且随着内给电子体化合物的发展导致了聚烯烃,尤其是聚丙烯用催化体系的不断更新换代,目前,已大量公开了多种内给电子体化合物,例如多元羧酸、一元羧酸酯或多元羧酸酯、酸酐、酮、单醚或多醚、醇、胺等及其衍生物。其中较为常用的是二元的芳香羧酸酯类二酯化合物,例如邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯或邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯等,可参见中国专利CN85100997A;其他常用内给电子体化合物包括1,3-二醚类化合物、9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)芴、2-异丙基丙二酸二正丁酯、2-癸基丙二酸二乙酯、2-甲基-2-异丙基丙二酸二乙酯、二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯、2,3-二异丙基琥珀酸二乙基酯、β-取代戊二酸酯、1,3-二醇脂等。上述的内给电子体在如下专利或申请中予以披露:CN1453298,CN1690039,EP1840138,CN101423566,CN101423570,CN101423571,CN101423572,CN1986576,CN1986576,CN101125898,CN1891722,WO2007147864,CN1831017,CN101560273,EP 2029637,EP2029642,CN1330086,CN1463990,CN1397568,CN1528793,CN1732671,CN1563112,CN1034548,CN1047302,CN1091748,CN1109067,CN94103454,CN1199056,EP03614941990,EP03614931990,WO002617等专利。
在聚合过程中,含有二酯类内给电子体的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂需要和相应的外给电子体配合使用,生产具备高性能的聚丙烯。现在使用的外给电子体主要是硅氧烷类外给电子体(含有1到4个烷氧基的硅烷类给电子体),最常用的是二烷基二甲氧 基硅烷。研究发现,外给电子体的结构不同,对聚丙烯的等规度、催化剂的氢气敏感性以及活性有不同的影响。根据不同需求,可以选用不同的外给电子体生产不同牌号的聚丙烯产品。但是,丙烯聚合是剧烈放热反应,温度控制非常重要,温度过高可能造成暴聚,堵塞反应釜,造成停车。而聚合反应中,温度升高,往往造成聚合速率增加,放热量进一步增加,往往造成快速升温,给反应釜操控带来困难。目前的硅氧烷类外给电子体无法控制聚合过程中的温度调节,因此,人们想通过添加第二类外给电子体的方法对聚合过程中的温度进行调节,以控制聚合反应平稳进行。
最近,陶氏化学公司公开的专利(US7491670)表明,引入C8-20脂肪酸C1-20烷基酯能够抑制丙烯聚合催化剂在高温下的活性,在反应中形成良性反馈,使聚合反应温度平稳,反应操作简单。申请人之前授权的专利(CN102391397B)表明,引入肉桂酸酯也能够抑制丙烯聚合催化剂高温下的活性,同时会对聚合物的立构规整性有一定的提高,例如:在100℃反应条件下,催化剂催化活性为33.3KgPP/g催化剂,等规度为98.0%的聚丙烯。此外,申请人之前的申请(CN104403028A)表明,引入碳酸酯作为第二类外给电子体也会抑制丙烯聚合催化剂高温下的活性,例如:在100℃反应条件下,催化剂催化活性为20.5KgPP/g催化剂,等规度为96.0%的聚丙烯。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的烯烃聚合用催化体系,具体而言,本发明的催化体系中采用具有较大体积位阻的磷酸酯类化合物和/或膦酸酯类化合物,与硅氧烷类外给电子体组成复合外给电子体,将其用于烯烃聚合。研究结果发现,适合的磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物能起到抑制催化剂高温活性的特点,且其效果不低于现有技术中的脂肪酸酯类化合物的控温效果。同时,磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物与硅氧烷类外给电子体配合使用对于立体定向性能的提高优于肉桂酸酯与硅氧烷类外给电子体的配合或碳酸酯与硅氧烷类外给电子体的配合。
本发明通过如下技术方案实现:
一种含有多元外给电子体的催化体系,包含固体催化剂组分(A),烷基铝(B)和多元外给电子体(C);其中,
组分(A)为卤化镁负载的Ti固体组分,并含有二酯类内给电子体、二醚类内 给电子体或其组合;
组分(C)包括第一类外给电子体和第二类外给电子体,其中,所述的第一类外给电子体为至少包含一个C1-10烷氧基的硅烷,所述的第二类外给电子体选自式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或者式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物中的一种或两种以上的混合物:
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000001
其中:
R1为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
R2为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
R3为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000002
R4为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
R5为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
R6为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团。
优选地,式(1)中,R1、R2和R3相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20脂肪族基团、C3-20脂环族或C6-20芳香族基团,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个第四主族、第五主族或第六主族的杂原子的取代基取代的,例如被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-20烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-20脂肪族基团、C3-20脂环族或C6-20芳香族基团。
还更优选地,R1、R2和R3相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个N,O,S 杂原子的取代基取代,例如,取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-10烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-20烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基。
还更优选地,R1、R2和R3相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C3-10环烷基或C6-14芳香基,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如,取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-10烷基;更优选的是,R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自不含杂原子的C1-10烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基;还更优选的是不含杂原子的C3-6烷基,如正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基或正己基。例如R1、R2和R3各自独立地甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,正戊基,异戊基,正己基,环丙基,环戊基,环己基或苯基。更优选异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,正戊基,异戊基,正己基,环己基和苯基。
尤其优选的式(1)所示的第二类外给电子体选自磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯。
优选地,式(2)中,R4、R5和R6相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20脂肪族基团、C3-20脂环族或C6-20芳香族基团,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个第四主族、第五主族或第六主族的杂原子的取代基取代的,例如被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-20烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-20脂肪族基团、C3-20脂环族或C6-20芳香族基团。
更优选地,R4、R5和R6相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-10烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-20烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基。
还更优选地,R4、R5和R6相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C3-10环烷基或C6-14芳香基,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-10烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-10烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基;还更优选的是,R6选自不含杂原子的C2-6烷基、C3-6环烷基或苯基,如乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正己基、环己基或苯基;R4和R5相同或不同,各自独立地选自不含杂原子的C3-6烷基,如正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基或正己基。例如R4、R5和R6各自独立地选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基, 正丁基,异丁基,正戊基,异戊基,正己基,环丙基,环戊基,环己基或苯基。更优选异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,正戊基,异戊基,正己基,环己基和苯基。
尤其优选的式(2)所示的第二类外给电子体选自苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯。
根据本发明的优选技术方案,所述第二类外给电子体可以为混合物,例如式(1)的两种以上的混合物,或者式(2)的两种以上的混合物,或者式(1)和式(2)的混合物,如任一种式(1)和任一种式(2)的混合物,或者任一种式(1)和两种以上式(2)的混合物,或者两种以上式(1)和任一种式(2)的混合物。
根据本发明的优选技术方案,所述组分(A)、(B)和(C)中,Al/Ti摩尔比为10-1000,优选40-800,更优选60-600;C/Ti摩尔比为2-50,优选5-30。
根据本发明的优选技术方案,所述组分(C)中,第一类外给电子体和第二类外给电子体的摩尔比为1:99至99:1,优选第一类外给电子体和第二类外给电子体的摩尔比为1:80至80:1,或者5:95至95:5,还可以为10:90至90:10,更优选为15:85至85:15;或者20:80至80:20,30:70至70:30,最优选40:60至60:40。
本发明还提供一种烯烃的聚合方法,其在氢气存在下,采用本发明上述的催化体系,催化烯烃聚合。
根据本发明,所述方法包括以任何顺序或任何组合或单个步骤的再组合进行的下列步骤:
a)将上述催化体系中的固体催化剂组分(A)添加到聚合反应器中;
b)将上述催化体系中的烷基铝(B)添加到该聚合反应器中;
c)将上述催化体系中的多元外给电子体(C)添加到该聚合反应器中;
d)将单体添加到该聚合反应器中;
e)从聚合反应器中抽提聚合物产品。
本发明还提供一种控制反应器中聚合活性的方法,所述方法包括在反应过程中,间歇地添加一种或多种如本发明所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物。
根据本发明,所述方法包括加入本发明所述的第一类外给电子体。
根据本发明,所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物或它们的混合物作为第二类外给电子体添加。
根据本发明,所述第一类外给电子体在反应开始时添加,第二类外给电子体在下述任何一种或多种条件出现时添加:
(1)聚合反应过程中出现聚合物成团;
(2)聚合反应过程中聚合温度过高。
本发明还提供一种本发明所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物或它们的混合物在本发明的烯烃的聚合方法中的应用,其中,所述化合物可以用于稳定聚合反应,或者用于处理烷基铝(B)(助催化剂)。
根据本发明,所述式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物可以一种或多种。
根据本发明,所述式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物可以与一种或多种本发明所述的第一类外给电子体一起使用以实现稳定聚合反应。或者本发明式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物可间歇加入到第一类外给电子体中以实现稳定聚合反应。
根据本发明,可以先用一种或多种式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物在烷基铝(B)(助催化剂)存在的条件下处理固体催化剂组分(A),所得的固体催化剂组分(A)、磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物与烷基铝(B)的催化体系在使用之前可以存储和载运。或者,通过将包括固体催化剂组分(A)与烷基铝(B)的催化体系与一种或多种第一类外给电子体混合、并与一种或多种的磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物结合直接在聚合反应中使用。
本发明中,所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物的混合物(以及“它们的混合物”)包括式(1)的两种以上的混合物,或者式(2)的两种以上的混合物,或者式(1)和式(2)的混合物,如任一种式(1)和任一种式(2)的混合物,或者任一种式(1)和两种以上式(2)的混合物,或者两种以上式(1)和任一种式(2)的混合物。
上述它们的混合物优选式(1)所示的磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的两种或两种以上组合物;或者式(2)所示的苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯中的两种或两种以上(如三种、四种或五种)组合物;还可以是式(1)和式(2)两种或两种以上的组合物,如磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的任一种与苯基膦 酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯的任一种的组合;或者磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的任一种与苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯的两种或两种以上的组合;或者或者磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的两种或两种以上的与苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯任一种的组合。
本发明的烯烃聚合反应中的烯烃可以选自乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯等α-烯烃中的一种或多种。优选丙烯或丙烯与其他α-烯烃(如乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯等)的共混物。所述聚合包括均聚或共聚。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供了一种全新的多元外给电子体及包括其的催化体系和一种控制反应器中聚合活性的方法,所述多元外给电子体包括第一类外给电子体和第二类外给电子体,所述第二类外给电子体为具有较大体积位阻的磷酸酯类化合物和/或膦酸酯类化合物。适合的磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物能起到抑制催化剂高温活性的特点,且其效果不低于现有技术中的脂肪酸酯类化合物的控温效果。同时,磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物与硅氧烷类外给电子体配合使用对于立体定向性能的提高优于肉桂酸酯与硅氧烷类外给电子体的配合或碳酸酯与硅氧烷类外给电子体的配合。
具体实施方式
在本发明的一个实施方式中,提供了一种含有多元外给电子体的催化体系,包含固体催化剂组分(A),烷基铝(B)和多元外给电子体(C);其中,组分(A)为卤化镁负载的Ti固体组分,并含有二酯类内给电子体、二醚类内给电子体或其组合;组分(C)包括第一类外给电子体(C1)和第二类外给电子体(C2)。
所述组分(A)中的二酯类内给电子体选自芳香羧酸二酯类化合物、丙二酸酯类化合物、琥珀酸酯类化合物、戊二酸酯类化合物、二醇脂类化合物及其混合物。
所述芳香羧酸二酯类化合物如下述式(3)所示。
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000003
所述丙二酸酯类化合物如下述式(4)所示。
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000004
所述琥珀酸酯类化合物如下述式(5)所示。
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000005
所述戊二酸酯类化合物如下述式(6)所示。
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000006
所述二醇酯类化合物如下述式(7)所示。
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000007
式(3)-(6)中,R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32相同或不同, 各自独立地选自氢或C1-12的烷基。其中,R21、R22、R23、R24优选为氢;优选地,R19和R20相同或不同,各自独立地选自C3-6的烷基,如异丁基、正丁基、仲丁基等;优选地,R9和R10相同或不同,各自独立地选自C2-6的烷基,如乙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基等;R11和R12相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-10的烷基,如甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、癸基等;优选地,R15、R16、R17、R18、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32相同或不同,各自独立地选自C2-6的烷基,如乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基等;R13、R14、R25、R26相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-10的烷基,如甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、癸基等。
式(7)中,R33和R35相同或不同,各自独立地选自卤素、C1-20的烷基、C3-20的环烷基、C6-20的芳基、C7-20的芳烷基或C2-20的烯基。R34选自C2-20的未取代或取代的烷基,所述取代基选自卤素、C1-20的烷基、C3-20的环烷基、C6-20的芳基、C7-20的芳烷基、C2-20的烯基、含有杂原子的C1-20的烷基、含有杂原子的C3-20的环烷基、含有杂原子的C6-20的芳基、含有杂原子的C7-20的芳烷基或含有杂原子的C2-20的烯基,所述杂原子选自卤素、氮、氧、硫、硅和磷中的一种或多种。
所述组分(A)中的二醚类内给电子体选自1,3-二醚类化合物,如式(8)所示。
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000008
其中,R36和R37相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20的烷基、C3-20的环烷基、C6-20的芳基或C7-20的芳烷基;R38、R39、R40、R41、R42、R43相同或不同,各自独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-20的烷基、C3-20的环烷基、C6-20的芳基、C7-20的芳烷基、或者R38-R43中的两个或多个键合形成的环结构。
根据本发明的优选技术方案,所述组分(A)中的内给电子体选自邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、2-异丙基丙二酸二正丁酯、2-癸基丙二酸二乙酯、2-甲基-2-异丙基丙二酸二乙酯、二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯、2,3-二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯及其混合物。
根据本发明的优选技术方案,所述催化体系的组分(A)由包括卤化镁,钛化合 物和一种二酯类(如邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、2-异丙基丙二酸二正丁酯、2-癸基丙二酸二乙酯、2-甲基-2-异丙基丙二酸二乙酯、二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯、2,3-二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯及其混合物)内给电子体的混合物制备得到。该固体催化剂组分(A)可以采取多种方法制备,如CN1453298,CN1690039,EP1840138,CN101423566,CN101423570,CN101423571,CN101423572,CN1986576,CN1986576,CN101125898,CN1891722,WO2007147864,CN1831017,CN101560273,EP 2029637,EP2029642,CN1330086,CN1463990,CN1397568,CN1528793,CN1732671,CN1563112,CN1034548,CN1047302,CN1091748,CN1109067,CN94103454,CN1199056,EP03614941990,EP03614931990,WO002617中所述的方法。其中,所述卤化镁选自氯化镁或溴化镁。所述钛化合物的通式如式(9)所示:
Ti(R)nX(4-n)
式(9)
式(9)中,R为C1-12的支链或直链烷基,X为卤素,如F、Cl、Br或I,n为0、1、2或3。优选是TiCl4
根据上述的催化体系,其中组分(B)中烷基铝为三烷基铝,优选为三乙基铝或三异丁基铝。
根据本发明的优选技术方案,所述组分(C)中的第一类外给电子体(C1)选自二环戊基二甲氧基硅烷,二异丁基二甲氧基硅烷,二异丙基二甲氧基硅烷,双环己基二甲氧基硅烷,甲基环己基二甲氧基硅烷,二叔丁基二甲氧基硅烷,乙基环己基二甲氧基硅烷,二苯基二甲氧基硅烷,二正丙基二甲氧基硅烷,二正丁基二甲氧基硅烷,环戊基三甲氧基硅烷,正丙基三甲氧基硅烷,异丙基三甲氧基硅烷,正丙基三乙氧基硅烷,异丙基三乙氧基硅烷,四乙氧基硅烷,四甲氧基硅烷,环戊基吡咯二甲氧基硅烷,双吡咯二甲氧基硅烷,双全氢异喹啉二甲氧基硅烷及其混合物。
根据本发明的优选技术方案,所述组分(C)中的第二类外给电子体(C2)选自磷酸三异丙酯、磷酸三正己酯、环己基膦酸二己酯或苯基膦酸二仲丁酯及其混合物。
本发明发现,催化剂组分(C)中的第一类外给电子体单独作为外给电子体时,具有高的等规定向性,但是对聚合反应中出现聚合物团聚或聚合反应温度过高等情况没有控制的效果。不同给电子体和Ziegler-Natta催化剂活性中心的作用强度不同。因此,本发明采用两类外给电子体,其中第一类为催化剂提供立体定向性能,而组分(C)的第二类外给电子体在聚合温度高于85℃后,会使催化剂部分失活,催化活 性降低,易于反应釜温度控制。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,提供一种控制反应器中聚合活性的方法,所述方法包括在反应过程中,间歇地添加一种或多种如本发明所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,所述方法包括加入本发明所述的第一类外给电子体。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物作为第二类外给电子体添加。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,所述第一类外给电子体在反应开始时添加,第二类外给电子体在下述任何一种或多种条件出现时添加:
(3)聚合反应过程中出现聚合物成团;
(4)聚合反应过程中聚合温度过高。
上述控制反应器中聚合活性的方法中,如果仅仅使用第一类外给电子体(硅氧烷类化合物)进行丙烯聚合会在聚合反应过程中遇到聚合物成团或聚合反应温度过高等情况,此时可以通过及时添加一种或多种本发明所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物到反应器中就地形成本发明的多元外给电子体(第一类/第二类外给电子体),其中使添加的时间足以减少聚合物结块、片状剥落或结垢以此来稳定该聚合。
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。需要说明的是,下述实施例不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制,任何在本发明基础上作出的改进都不违背本发明的精神。
测试方法
聚丙烯的等规度使用庚烷抽提法测定,将2g左右聚丙烯置于索氏抽提器中,用沸腾庚烷抽提6小时,将剩余聚合物干燥至恒重,以剩余聚合物和初次加入聚合物比例为等规度。
聚丙烯的熔融指数按照测试标准ASTM D1238测定,实验条件为2.16Kg,230℃。
实施例1
将5L高压反应釜加热抽真空,排除空气和水,用氮气置换,反复三次,而后加 入MgCl2负载的TiCl4催化剂固体组分20mg(内给电子体为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯),固体组分中Ti的含量为2.36wt%,三乙基铝加入量为Al/Ti(摩尔)=600,双环戊基二甲氧基硅烷,磷酸三异丙酯,二者的摩尔比为30:70,两种外给电子体加入量按摩尔算与Ti的摩尔比为30,而后加入168mmol氢气和1.2公斤丙烯。关闭反应釜,将釜温升高到70℃,开始聚合,反应1h后,排出未反应丙烯,得到聚丙烯颗粒720g,催化活性为36.6KgPP/g催化剂,等规度为99.5%(见表1)。
实施例2-12
聚合过程同实施例1,只改变外给电子体种类和比例,其结果见表1。
表1 实施例1-12的结果
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000010
D1:第一类给电子体,D2:第二类给电子体。
D:双环戊基二甲氧基硅烷,C:甲基环己基二甲氧基硅烷,B:二异丁基二甲氧基硅烷,P:二异丙基二甲氧基硅烷,NPTMS:正丙基三甲氧基硅烷,DPTMS:环戊基三甲氧基硅烷。
实施例13
其它同实施例1,只是聚合温度为90℃,催化活性为24.3KgPP/g催化剂,聚丙烯的等规度为97.5%。
实施例14
其它同实施例1,只是聚合温度为100℃,催化活性为21.5KgPP/g催化剂,聚丙烯的等规度为97.0%。
实施例15-25
其它同实施例2-12,只是聚合温度为100℃,其结果见表2。
表2 实施例13-25的结果
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-000012
从实施例13-25的数据可见,在加入第二类外给电子体(如磷酸三异丙酯等)的情况下,随着聚合温度的提高,催化剂的催化活性有所降低。有效的避免了聚合物团聚的产生,使聚合反应在高温下可控性更强。对比其他专利可以看到,使用磷酸酯或膦酸酯类第二类外给电子体得到的催化活性,较专利CN102391397B所得到的催化活性降低更为明显。其聚丙烯的等规度较专利CN104403028A得到的聚丙烯的等规度更高。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种含有多元外给电子体的催化体系,包含固体催化剂组分(A),烷基铝(B)和多元外给电子体(C);其特征在于,
    组分(A)为卤化镁负载的Ti固体组分,并含有二酯类内给电子体、二醚类内给电子体或其组合;
    组分(C)包括第一类外给电子体和第二类外给电子体,其中,所述的第一类外给电子体为至少包含一个C1-10烷氧基的硅烷,所述的第二类外给电子体选自式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或者式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物中的一种或两种以上的混合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-100001
    其中:
    R1为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
    R2为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
    R3为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
    Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-100002
    R4为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
    R5为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团;
    R6为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族基团。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的催化体系,其特征在于,式(1)中,R1、R2和R3相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20脂肪族基团、C3-20脂环族或C6-20芳香族基团,其中 上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个第四主族、第五主族或第六主族的杂原子的取代基取代的,例如被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-20烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-20脂肪族基团、C3-20脂环族或C6-20芳香族基团。
    还更优选地,R1、R2和R3相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如,取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-10烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-20烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基。
    还更优选地,R1、R2和R3相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C3-10环烷基或C6-14芳香基,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如,取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-10烷基;更优选的是,R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自不含杂原子的C1-10烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基;还更优选的是不含杂原子的C3-6烷基,如正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基或正己基。例如R1、R2和R3各自独立地甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,正戊基,异戊基,正己基,环丙基,环戊基,环己基或苯基。更优选异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,正戊基,异戊基,正己基,环己基和苯基。
    尤其优选的式(1)所示的第二类外给电子体选自磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯。
    优选地,式(2)中,R4、R5和R6相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20脂肪族基团、C3-20脂环族或C6-20芳香族基团,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个第四主族、第五主族或第六主族的杂原子的取代基取代的,例如被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-20烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-20脂肪族基团、C3-20脂环族或C6-20芳香族基团。
    更优选地,R4、R5和R6相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个N,O,S杂原子的取代基取代,例如取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-10烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-20烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基。
    还更优选地,R4、R5和R6相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C3-10环烷基或C6-14芳香基,其中上述基团是未取代的或被含有一个或多个N,O,S 杂原子的取代基取代,例如取代基为NRa,其中Ra选自C1-10烷基;更优选的是不含杂原子的C1-10烷基、C2-20烯基、C3-20环烷基或C6-20芳香基;还更优选的是,R6选自不含杂原子的C2-6烷基、C3-6环烷基或苯基,如乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正己基、环己基或苯基;R4和R5相同或不同,各自独立地选自不含杂原子的C3-6烷基,如正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基或正己基。例如R4、R5和R6各自独立地选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,正戊基,异戊基,正己基,环丙基,环戊基,环己基或苯基。更优选异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,正戊基,异戊基,正己基,环己基和苯基。
    尤其优选的式(2)所示的第二类外给电子体选自苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的催化体系,其特征在于,所述第二类外给电子体可以为混合物,例如式(1)的两种以上的混合物,或者式(2)的两种以上的混合物,或者式(1)和式(2)的混合物,如任一种式(1)和任一种式(2)的混合物,或者任一种式(1)和两种以上式(2)的混合物,或者两种以上式(1)和任一种式(2)的混合物。更优选式(1)所示的磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的两种或两种以上组合物;或者式(2)所示的苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯中的两种或两种以上(如三种、四种或五种)组合物;还可以是式(1)和式(2)两种或两种以上的组合物,如磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的任一种与苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯的任一种的组合;或者磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的任一种与苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯的两种或两种以上的组合;或者或者磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的两种或两种以上的与苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯任一种的组合。
    优选的,所述组分(A)、(B)和(C)中,Al/Ti摩尔比为10-1000,优选40-800,更优选60-600;C/Ti摩尔比为2-50,优选5-30。
    优选的,所述组分(C)中,第一类外给电子体和第二类外给电子体的摩尔比为1:99至99:1,优选第一类外给电子体和第二类外给电子体的摩尔比为1:80至80: 1,或者5:95至95:5,还可以为10:90至90:10,更优选为15:85至85:15;或者20:80至80:20,30:70至70:30,最优选40:60至60:40。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的催化体系,其特征在于,所述组分(A)中的二酯类内给电子体选自芳香羧酸二酯类化合物、丙二酸酯类化合物、琥珀酸酯类化合物、戊二酸酯类化合物、二醇脂类化合物及其混合物。
    所述芳香羧酸二酯类化合物如下述式(3)所示。
    Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-100003
    所述丙二酸酯类化合物如下述式(4)所示。
    Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-100004
    所述琥珀酸酯类化合物如下述式(5)所示。
    Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-100005
    所述戊二酸酯类化合物如下述式(6)所示。
    Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-100006
    所述二醇酯类化合物如下述式(7)所示。
    Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-100007
    式(3)-(6)中,R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32相同或不同,各自独立地选自氢或C1-12的烷基。其中,R21、R22、R23、R24优选为氢;优选地,R19和R20相同或不同,各自独立地选自C3-6的烷基,如异丁基、正丁基、仲丁基等;优选地,R9和R10相同或不同,各自独立地选自C2-6的烷基,如乙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基等;R11和R12相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-10的烷基,如甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、癸基等;优选地,R15、R16、R17、R18、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32相同或不同,各自独立地选自C2-6的烷基,如乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基等;R13、R14、R25、R26相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-10的烷基,如甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、癸基等。
    式(7)中,R33和R35相同或不同,各自独立地选自卤素、C1-20的烷基、C3-20的环烷基、C6-20的芳基、C7-20的芳烷基或C2-20的烯基。R34选自C2-20的未取代或取代的烷基,所述取代基选自卤素、C1-20的烷基、C3-20的环烷基、C6-20的芳基、C7-20的芳烷基、C2-20的烯基、含有杂原子的C1-20的烷基、含有杂原子的C3-20的环烷基、含有杂原子的C6-20的芳基、含有杂原子的C7-20的芳烷基或含有杂原子的C2-20的烯基,所述杂原子选自卤素、氮、氧、硫、硅和磷中的一种或多种。
    优选的,所述组分(A)中的二醚类内给电子体选自1,3-二醚类化合物,如式(8)所示。
    Figure PCTCN2015094440-appb-100008
    其中,R36和R37相同或不同,各自独立地选自C1-20的烷基、C3-20的环烷基、C6-20的芳基或C7-20的芳烷基;R38、R39、R40、R41、R42、R43相同或不同,各自独立 地选自氢、卤素、C1-20的烷基、C3-20的环烷基、C6-20的芳基、C7-20的芳烷基、或者R38-R43中的两个或多个键合形成的环结构。
    优选的,所述组分(A)中的内给电子体选自邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、2-异丙基丙二酸二正丁酯、2-癸基丙二酸二乙酯、2-甲基-2-异丙基丙二酸二乙酯、二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯、2,3-二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯及其混合物。
    优选的,所述催化体系的组分(A)由包括卤化镁,钛化合物和一种二酯类(如邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、2-异丙基丙二酸二正丁酯、2-癸基丙二酸二乙酯、2-甲基-2-异丙基丙二酸二乙酯、二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯、2,3-二异丙基琥珀酸二异丁酯及其混合物)内给电子体的混合物制备得到。
    其中,所述卤化镁选自氯化镁或溴化镁。
    所述钛化合物的通式如式(9)所示:
    Ti(R)nX(4-n)
    式(9)
    式(9)中,R为C1-12的支链或直链烷基,X为卤素,如F、Cl、Br或I,n为0、1、2或3。优选是TiCl4
    优选的,所述组分(B)中烷基铝为三烷基铝,优选为三乙基铝或三异丁基铝。
    优选的,所述组分(C)中的第一类外给电子体(C1)选自二环戊基二甲氧基硅烷,二异丁基二甲氧基硅烷,二异丙基二甲氧基硅烷,双环己基二甲氧基硅烷,甲基环己基二甲氧基硅烷,二叔丁基二甲氧基硅烷,乙基环己基二甲氧基硅烷,二苯基二甲氧基硅烷,二正丙基二甲氧基硅烷,二正丁基二甲氧基硅烷,环戊基三甲氧基硅烷,正丙基三甲氧基硅烷,异丙基三甲氧基硅烷,正丙基三乙氧基硅烷,异丙基三乙氧基硅烷,四乙氧基硅烷,四甲氧基硅烷,环戊基吡咯二甲氧基硅烷,双吡咯二甲氧基硅烷,双全氢异喹啉二甲氧基硅烷及其混合物。
    优选的,所述组分(C)中的第二类外给电子体(C2)选自磷酸三异丙酯、磷酸三正己酯、环己基膦酸二己酯或苯基膦酸二仲丁酯及其混合物。
  5. 一种烯烃的聚合方法,其特征在于,在氢气存在下,采用权利要求1-4任一项所述的催化体系,催化烯烃聚合。
    优选地,所述烯烃可以选自乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯等α-烯烃中的一种或多种。优选丙烯或丙烯与其他α-烯烃(如乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯等)的共混物。所述聚合包括均聚或共聚。
  6. 根据权利要求5的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以任何顺序或任何组合或单个步骤的再组合进行的下列步骤:
    a)将上述催化体系中的固体催化剂组分(A)添加到聚合反应器中;
    b)将上述催化体系中的烷基铝(B)添加到该聚合反应器中;
    c)将上述催化体系中的多元外给电子体(C)添加到该聚合反应器中;
    d)将单体添加到该聚合反应器中;
    e)从聚合反应器中抽提聚合物产品。
  7. 一种控制反应器中聚合活性的方法,所述方法包括在反应过程中,间歇地添加一种或多种权利要求1-4任一项中所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物。
    优选的,所述方法包括加入本发明所述的第一类外给电子体。
    优选的,所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物或它们的混合物作为第二类外给电子体添加。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一类外给电子体在反应开始时添加,第二类外给电子体在下述任何一种或多种条件出现时添加:
    (1)聚合反应过程中出现聚合物成团;
    (2)聚合反应过程中聚合温度过高。
    优选的,所述聚合是烯烃聚合。优选地,所述烯烃可以选自乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯等α-烯烃中的一种或多种。优选丙烯或丙烯与其他α-烯烃(如乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯等)的共混物。所述聚合包括均聚或共聚。
  9. 一种权利要求1-4任一项中所述的式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物或它们的混合物在烯烃的聚合方法中的应用,其特征在于,所述化合物可以用于稳定聚合反应,或者用于处理烷基铝(B)(助催化剂)。
    优选地,所述烯烃可以选自乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯等α-烯烃中的一种或多种。优选丙烯或丙烯与其他α-烯烃(如乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯等)的共混物。所述聚合包括均聚或共聚。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物可以一种或多种。
    优选的,所述多种选自式(1)的两种以上的混合物,式(2)的两种以上的混 合物,或者式(1)和式(2)的混合物,如任一种式(1)和任一种式(2)的混合物,或者任一种式(1)和两种以上式(2)的混合物,或者两种以上式(1)和任一种式(2)的混合物。
    更优选式(1)所示的磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的两种或两种以上组合物;或者式(2)所示的苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯中的两种或两种以上(如三种、四种或五种)组合物;还可以是式(1)和式(2)两种或两种以上的组合物,如磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的任一种与苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯的任一种的组合;或者磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的任一种与苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯的两种或两种以上的组合;或者或者磷酸三异丙酯,磷酸三正己酯或磷酸三正丁酯中的两种或两种以上的与苯基膦酸二己酯,苯基膦酸二仲丁酯,乙基膦酸二异丙酯,1-丙基膦酸二异丙酯或环己基膦酸二己酯任一种的组合。
    优选的,所述式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物可以与一种或多种本发明所述的第一类外给电子体一起使用以实现稳定聚合反应。或者本发明式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物可间歇加入到第一类外给电子体中以实现稳定聚合反应。
    优选的,可以先用一种或多种式(1)所示的磷酸酯类化合物或式(2)所示的膦酸酯类化合物在烷基铝(B)(助催化剂)存在的条件下处理固体催化剂组分(A),所得的固体催化剂组分(A)、磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物与烷基铝(B)的催化体系在使用之前可以存储和载运。或者,通过将包括固体催化剂组分(A)与烷基铝(B)的催化体系与一种或多种第一类外给电子体混合、并与一种或多种的磷酸酯类化合物或膦酸酯类化合物结合直接在聚合反应中使用。
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