Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F5/20—Waste heat recovery
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
  • D21F5/04—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F5/18—Drying webs by hot air
  • D21F5/181—Drying webs by hot air on Yankee cylinder
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F5/18—Drying webs by hot air
  • D21F5/182—Drying webs by hot air through perforated cylinders
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
  • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
  • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
  • D21G1/0253—Heating or cooling the rolls; Regulating the temperature

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for operating a paper machine for producing paper, cardboard or paperboard according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to such a paper machine according to the preamble of patent claim 6.
• the paper machine comprises a conveyor by means of which a fiber ⁇ fabric produced from a fiber suspension is conveyed in a conveying direction at least.
• the paper machine further has at least one drying area in which the fibrous web, which is conveyed through the drying area, is dried by means of at least one drying cylinder.
• the Trock ⁇ drying cylinders disposed in the drying zone, so that the fibrous web is dried by means of the drying cylinder.
• the fibrous web is guided over the drying cylinder, for example.
• the fibrous web on a mat, a nonwoven insbesonde ⁇ re conveyed, and is guided over the mat around the Trock ⁇ drying cylinder.
• the drying cylinder is fed with a first medium for drying the fibrous web.
• the first medium is introduced into the drying cylinder.
• Drying cylinder has an outer peripheral side Mantelflä ⁇ che, around which the fibrous web, in particular over the mat, is guided.
• the outer peripheral side Man- telology usually at least one through-flow, in particular ⁇ sondere more flow openings, through which the power supplied to the drying cylinder and in particular introduced into the drying cylinder, first medium from the drying cylinder can flow out. This means that the first medi ⁇ flows through the passage opening. The first medium then flows through the mat, and in particular by the fiber ⁇ web of fabric, this is dried. As a result, the fibrous web can be dehumidified.
• the paper machine further comprises at least one smoothing cylinder adjoining the drying cylinder in the conveying direction, by means of which the fibrous web is smoothed on at least one side.
• a second medium for heating the smoothing cylinder is fed to the smoothing cylinder.
• the smoothing cylinder is for example also referred to as MG cylinder, wherein MG denotes "machine glazed.” This makes it possible, for example, so-called
• the first medium from the drying cylinder especially after drying the fibrous web, removed and as a heat source of a heat pump is led to ⁇ , by means of which the second medium is heated ⁇ heated ⁇ manner.
• the heat pump is thus covered arranged on a flow direction of the first medium from the drying cylinder to the heat pump downstream of the drying cylinder, so that the first medium with respect to the flow direction first flows through the drying cylinder.
• the first medium is then removed from the drying cylinder.
• the first medium can flow out of the drying cylinder, wherein the first medium flowing out of the drying cylinder is exhaust gas of the drying cylinder. Downstream of the drying cylinder, the first medium (exhaust gas) is fed to the heat pump.
• the exhaust gas is used as a heat source to the heat pump heat bookletzu ⁇ provide, by means of which the second medium is heated.
• the heat pump is arranged upstream of the smoothing cylinder.
• the second medium first flows through the heat pump and is heated by the heat pump. After the heat pump relationship as loading downstream of the second medium can be supplied to the processing ⁇ be smoothed cylinder so that then the smoothing cylinder is heated by means of the second medium.
• the second medium flows in a first aggregate state into the heat pump and flows in a different, second from the first aggregate state aggregate state from the heat pump or in the different, second from ers ⁇ th physical state Aggregatszu ⁇ was the smoothing cylinder supplied becomes.
• the first state of aggregation is, for example, liquid.
• the medium is the cylindrical be smoothed ⁇ tung then, for example as air, in particular Hei SSE air or vapor, in particular hot steam, supplied ⁇ leads.
• the invention is based on the finding that the pulp industry requires a very high amount of heat in order to produce, for example, paper, cardboard or paperboard. This high heat requirement is due, in particular, to the fact that the initially very wet or very high moisture content fibrous web is dried. By this drying, a desired moisture content of the fibrous web can be adjusted.
• the idea underlying the invention is now to use the exhaust gas of the drying cylinder Bezie ⁇ hung, at least a portion of the heat contained in the exhaust gas to heat the smoothing cylinder in the sequence or to heat the second medium and.
• the heat requirement of the paper machine as a whole compared to conventional paper machines can be kept low, so that by means of the method Pa ⁇ pier, cardboard or cardboard can be produced in an energy-efficient manner.
• the heat pump For heating the second medium, the heat pump is used, since the second medium, in particular upstream of the heat pump, for example, already has a higher temperature than the first medium, in particular upstream of the heat pump. However, the temperature of the second medium upstream of the heat pump is not sufficient for sufficient heating of the smoothing cylinder. Since the heat pump is used, may be from the first medium which is colder than the second medium, heat is removed and fed to the second medium, so that a particularly efficient operation of the paper machine is ⁇ adjustable.
• thermo-chemical heat pump ver ⁇ applies is, wherein by means of heat which is supplied to the heat pump, a chemical, heat-absorbing reaction, that is an endothermic reaction, is effected, wherein heat for Heating the second medium by means of a chemical, heat-donating reaction, that is, an exothermic reaction is provided.
• the heat pump comprises a different by the media Ar ⁇ beitsmedium which compressed by means of at least one Ver ⁇ dichters and is expanded by at least one expansion ⁇ device.
• the heat pump is formed at ⁇ example as a compression heat pump.
• the heat pump comprises at least one heat exchanger for Verir ken heat transfer from the first medium to a different, further medium.
• the other medi um is, for example, the working medium of the heat pump.
• the heat pump comprises at least one heat exchanger for effecting heat transfer from a different, different medium from the second medium to the first medium.
• the other medium is, for example, the working medium of the heat pump.
• At least one heat pump for heating the second medium is provided.
• the first medium can be discharged from the drying cylinder and supplied as a heat source to the heat pump.
• the single figure shows a schematic representation of a designated as a whole with 10 paper machine for herstel ⁇ len of paper, cardboard or paperboard.
• the paper machine 10 comprises at least one container device 12, in which, for example, a fiber suspension is received. From this fiber suspension at least one fibrous web 14 is produced, from which in turn the paper or the cardboard or the paperboard is produced.
• the fibrous web 14 is also referred to as a paper web, web or cellulosic web and is, for example, initially designed as a very moist fiber fleece.
• a generally designated 16 conveyor of the paper machine 10 the fibrous web 14 is conveyed in an illustrated by a directional arrow 18 conveying direction.
• the paper machine 10 has a total of 20 denote ⁇ th drying region through which the fibrous web 14 is conveyed by means of the conveyor 16 therethrough.
• the fibrous web 14 is dried.
• the fibrous web 14 which initially has a very high moisture content, is dehumidified, thereby reducing the moisture content of the fiber material web ⁇ fourteenth.
• Drying the fibrous web 14 set a desired moisture content.
• it is heated in the drying region 20, whereby moisture, which is initially contained in the fibrous web 14, at least partially removed from the fibrous web 14.
• at least one drying cylinder 26 is arranged in the drying area 20.
• the drying region 20 comprises a first partial region 22 and a second partial region 24, which adjoins the first partial region 22 with respect to the conveying direction.
• a plurality of drying cylinders 26 is arranged in the first portion 22, by means of which the fibrous web 14 is dried.
• the fibrous web 14 runs over the drying cylinder 26.
• the fibrous web 14 is for example a gas- or vapor-permeable mat, in particular ⁇ sondere conveyed through the drying zone 20, wherein the fibrous web led 14 through the mat around each drying cylinder 26 and the mat is supported on the respective drying cylinder 26. This means that the mat is arranged between the fibrous web 14 and the respective drying cylinder 26.
• the drying cylinders 26 are supplied with a first medium in the form of steam.
• the respective drying cylinder 26 has an outer circumferential side surface on which the fibrous web 14, in particular under the mediation of the mat, is supported.
• the respective outer circumferential side surface has at least one passage opening.
• the respective outer circumferential side surface has a plurality of passage openings.
• the first medium which is fed to the respective drying cylinder 26 and thereby introduced into the respective drying cylinder 26, can flow through the respective passage opening, so that the first medium in
• Shape of air or steam can flow out of the respective drying cylinder 26 via the respective passage opening.
• the first medium can then flow through the mat and in particular through the fibrous web 14, whereby it is dried or dehumidified.
• the second subregion 24 at least one smoothing cylinder 28 of the paper machine 10 is arranged.
• the smoothing cylinder 28 is therefore part of the second subregion 24 and thus of the drying region 20 in total, the smoothing cylinder 28 being connected to the drying cylinders 26 with respect to the conveying direction.
• the fibrous web 14 also passes over the smoothing cylinder 28 during its course through the drying region 20, so that the fibrous web 14 touches the smoothing cylinder 28, for example. It is possible that the smoothing cylinder 28 - as will be explained below - is heated or heated, so that a heat transfer from the smoothing cylinder 28 to the, in particular the smoothing cylinder 28 touching, fibrous web 14 can be done.
• the smoothing cylinder 28 is, for example, a high-precision drying cylinder and is also referred to as a MG cylinder.
• MG means "Machine Glazed" and denotes
• the smoothing cylinder for example, a very large diameter, whereby the fibrous web 14 the smoothing cylinder 28 a particularly long time affected. Due to the very long residence time Wenig ⁇ least one side of the fibrous web 14 on a outer circumference side lateral surface of the smoothing cylinder 28 may ei ⁇ ne particularly advantageous smoothness of the fibrous web 14 on a smoothing cylinder 28 facing and in particular the smoothing cylinder 28 contacting side are generated. This means that the fibrous web is smoothed by means of the 14 be smoothed ⁇ processing cylinder 28 on at least one side of the fibrous web ⁇ 14, which side facing the Glättungszylin 28 ⁇ .
• the first medium is preferably by steam or air, or the each drying cylinder 26 is supplied at a first temperature Tl, so that the steam governingswei ⁇ se, the air (the first medium) flows with the temperature T in the drying cylinder.
• the first medium is thus drying air for drying the fibrous web 14.
• the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with a second medium whose flow is illustrated by a directional arrow 32 in the figure.
• the smoothing cylinder 28 is heated or heated ⁇ be.
• the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with the two ⁇ te medium at a second temperature T2.
• the second temperature T2 is for example 250 degrees Celsius.
• the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with the second medium in vapor or gaseous form.
• the paper machine 10 comprises a heat pump designated as a whole by 34.
• the first medium is discharged from the respective drying cylinder 26, in particular discharged, and supplied as a heat source of the heat pump 34.
• a ⁇ Rich tung arrow 36 illustrates a flow of the heat source (first medium) of the drying cylinders 26 to the pump 34.
• the second medium is heated.
• Ericar ⁇ men of the second medium heat is used in the heat pump 34 supplied to the first medium, so that at least a part of the heat contained in the first medium from the first medium via the heat pump 34 is transmitted to the second medium.
• the heat source that is the first ⁇ Me dium
• the first medium flows in a first state of aggregation in the respective drying cylinder 26.
• the respective drying cylinder 26 the first medium is supplied in the first state of aggregation.
• the first state of aggregation gasig is preferably such that the first medium vapor Bezie ⁇ hung as air, that is, is a gas.
• the first medium of the heat pump is fed in a second state of aggregation 34, wherein the second state of aggregation may correspond to the first unit ⁇ state.
• the first medium is supplied to the heat pump 34, for example in vapor form.
• the first medium of the heat pump 34 is supplied with a third temperature T3, wherein this third temperature T3, for example, 150 degrees Cel ⁇ sius.
• the third temperature T3 may be lower than the first temperature Tl.
• a hood 38 is arranged, which limits at least partially a receiving space or a Kam ⁇ mer. The first medium (vapor) flowing out of the drying cylinders via the passage openings can collect in the receiving space and be led from the receiving space to the heat pump.
• the first medium which flows out of the respective drying cylinder 26 via the respective passage opening , collects in the named chamber and can be removed from the chamber.
• the discharged from the chamber first medium is then supplied to the third temperature T3 of the heat pump 34, as illustrated in the figure by the directional arrow 36.
• the heat pump 34 is supplied with the second medium at a fourth temperature T4.
• the fourth temperature is for example 230 degrees Celsius.
• the second tempera ture T2 is for example 250 degrees Celsius.
• the fourth temperature T4 is lower than the second temperature and higher than the third temperature T3.
• the means of the heat pump 34 to the temperature T2 to erKindler ⁇ Mende second medium thus includes upstream of the heat pump at a higher temperature than the first medium upstream of the Wär ⁇ mepumpe 34.
• the heat pump 34 is set to turn on, by means of which heat from the first medium which is colder than the second medium to be heated, discharged and supplied to the two ⁇ th medium.
• the second temperature T2 is greater than the first temperature Tl. This is the case since the smoothing cylinder 28 requires or must have a higher temperature than the other drying cylinders 26.
• the heat pump 34 is supplied with the second medium in a third state of aggregation.
• the second medium is supplied to the smoothing cylinder in a fourth state of aggregation.
• the fourth state is, for example different from the third Aggregatszu ⁇ standing state of aggregation.
• the third state of aggregation may be liquid, so that the heat pump ⁇ 34, the second medium as a liquid, in particular What ⁇ ser, is supplied.
• the fourth aggregate ⁇ state is gaseous, so that the smoothing cylinder 28, the second medium is supplied for example as gas or vapor.
• the second medium By heating the smoothing cylinder 28, the second medium cools down, as a result of which the second medium, in particular in the smoothing cylinder 28, condenses, for example.
• This condensing of the second medium produces condensate, that is to say a liquid, in particular in the form of water.
• the condensate of the heat pump 34 is supplied with the Tem ⁇ temperature T4, which in the figure by the directional arrow 40 is illustrated.
• the condensate is then heated, whereby the condensate is evaporated.
• the second medium in the gaseous state can be supplied to the smoothing cylinder 28.
• the heat pump 34 is designed as a compression heat pump, in particular as elekt ⁇ cal compression heat pump.
• the heat pump 34 comprises, for example, a circuit 42, which can be flowed through by a working medium of the heat pump 34.
• a first heat exchanger 44 of the heat pump 34 is arranged. This means that the first heat exchanger 44 can be flowed through by the working medium.
• the first heat exchanger 44 is also referred to as a cold heat exchanger.
• the heat pump 34 comprises a second heat exchanger 46, which is arranged in the circuit 42 and can therefore be flowed through by the working medium.
• the second heat exchanger 46 is also referred to as a warm or hot heat exchanger.
• the heat exchanger 44 can be flowed through by the working medium and the first medium.
• the heat exchanger 44 for example, a heat transfer from the first medium to the working medium, whereby the working medium is heated and the first medium is cooled.
• the heat exchanger 44 the first medium is discharged, for example, with a fifth temperature T5, said fifth temperature T5, for example, 135 degrees Celsius.
• the fifth temperature T5 is smaller than the third tempera ture T3. Due to the heat transfer, the first medium is thus cooled from the temperature T3 to the temperature T5.
• the heat exchanger 46 can be flowed through by the working medium. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second medium is supplied to the heat exchanger 46, so that the heat exchanger 46 can be flowed through by the working medium and the second medium, in particular the condensate.
• the heat scher 46 carried a heat transfer from the working medium to the second medium, so that the working medium is cooled and the second medium is heated.
• the second medium with the fourth temperature T4 is supplied to the cherriestau ⁇ shear 46th By heating the second medium, it is heated to the second temperature T2 higher than the fourth temperature T4. By heating the second medium, this is evaporated, so that the second medium can be supplied as a steam to the smoothing cylinder 28.
• a heating of the working medium is effected.
• This heating can ⁇ example, by a heater 48 of the heat pump 34 carried.
• this heater can be machine to a fluid, in particular act a flow machine, wel ⁇ che example, is designed as a compressor.
• the working medium is compressed and thereby heated, so that in particular via the heat exchanger 46, a particularly advantageous heat transfer from the working medium to the second medium can take place.
• the second medium can be heated particularly well.
• the compressor is designed for example as an electric compressor.
• the compressor comprises, for example, at least one compressor wheel, by means of which the working medium can be compressed.
• the compressor wheel can be driven for example via a shaft of a motor of the compressor, wherein the motor is designed as an electric motor.
• the electric motor is supplied with electrical energy or electrical power in order whereby the working medium is compressed over the shaft, the compressor wheel Anlagentrei ⁇ ben. This will follows a compression and thus heating of the working medium by means of electrical energy.
• the heat exchanger 46 is, for example, a condenser, by means of which the working medium is condensed.
• an expansion device 50 is disposed downstream of the heat exchanger 46 and, in particular upstream of the heat exchanger 44, by means of which the working medium is expanded or relaxed.
• the heat exchanger 44 is, for example, an evaporator, by means of which the working medium is evaporated.
• the heat pump 34 is designed as a thermochemical heat pump.
• thermochemical heat pump by means of heat, which is supplied to the heat pump 34, in particular via the heat source (first medium), a chemical, heat-absorbing and thus endothermic reaction is effected. This is done, for example, in an endothermic reactor, not shown in the figure, in which reactants of the endothermic reaction can react to products of the endothermic reaction.
• thermochemical heat pump heat for heating the second medium is provided by means of a chemical heat-giving reaction, that is, an exothermic reaction. This takes place, for example, in an exothermic reactor in which reactants of the exothermic reaction react in products of the exothermic reaction.
• the heat by means of which the endothermic chemical reaction is effected, is supplied to the heat pump 34, for example, from the first medium.
• the heat pump 34 for example, from the first medium.
• at least a portion of the energy contained in the first medium is utilized to effect the endothermic chemical reaction.
• at least a portion of the heat supplied to the heat pump may then be stored to effect the endothermic reaction.
• the products of the endothermic reaction at least a part of the in the first Medium contained energy or heat stored.
• the endothermic reaction is, for example, a direct reaction of a chemical equilibrium reaction and the exothermic reaction, for example a reverse reaction can be ⁇ ser chemical equilibrium reaction.
• the products of the endothermic reaction are thus the educts of the exothermic reaction, wherein the products of the exothermic reaction are the starting materials of the endothermic reaction.
• the heat stored by the forward reaction in the forward reaction products can be released by the back reaction, that is, by the exothermic reaction, so that at least part of the heat released in the back reaction can be used to heat the second medium.
• thermochemical heat pump that they do not have to work continuously, but heat can in the manner, in particular in the products of the endothermic reaction, are particularly well saved and play as released by ⁇ later and thus used.
• the heat for effecting the endothermic chemical reaction is supplied to the heat pump 34, for example, in such a way that-in particular in the endothermic reactor-there is heat transfer from the first medium to the starting reaction starting materials. This can be done via a heat exchanger or over a large heat transfer area.
• the first medium, the starting materials are not directly be ⁇ stirred but spatially separated therefrom.
• the first medium, the starting materials directly be ⁇ is because means flows onto or flowing around. In ⁇ game as the endothermic reactor, the first medium is supplied.
• the exothermic reactor comprises, for example, a heat exchanger, via which at least part of the heat released in the reverse reaction can pass to the second medium.
• the educts and / or products of the reverse reaction are spatially separated from the second medium to be heated.
• the second medium directly touches the reactants and / or products of the reverse reaction, that is, flows against or flows around.
• the thermochemical heat pump for example, the circuit 42, the working medium, the heating device 48 and the expansion device 50 of the compression heat pump are dispensed with.
• the first medium downstream of the drying cylinder 26 exhaust gas, which may be in particular humid air.
• the first medium has a mass flow of 266 kilograms per second and a pressure of 1 bar.
• the second medium is preferably water upstream of the heat pump 34 and downstream of the smoothing cylinder 28.
• the second medium has, for example, a mass flow of

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• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

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ID=57044933

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• 2015
  • 2015-10-07 DE DE102015219379.9A patent/DE102015219379A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2016
  • 2016-09-26 EP EP16774905.0A patent/EP3359732B1/de active Active
  • 2016-09-26 ES ES16774905T patent/ES2743078T3/es active Active
  • 2016-09-26 BR BR112018007014A patent/BR112018007014B8/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2016-09-26 CN CN201680058160.9A patent/CN108138442B/zh active Active
  • 2016-09-26 WO PCT/EP2016/072834 patent/WO2017060110A1/de active Application Filing

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