WO2017026462A1 - 褐色脂肪細胞の調製方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to brown adipocytes and a method for preparing the same.
- the present invention also provides an agent for preventing or treating obesity, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, arteriosclerotic disease, hypertension, hyperuricemia, gout, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and use thereof About.
- Obesity and related metabolic diseases are extremely important medical and social problems in industrialized countries.
- white adipocytes not only store surplus energy derived from food as fatty acids, but also produce various hormones and cytokines, causing abnormal glucose tolerance and abnormal lipid metabolism, type II diabetes, arteriosclerosis Causes sexually transmitted diseases, hypertension, hyperuricemia / gout, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, etc.
- brown fat (Brown Adipose; ⁇ ⁇ BA) cells contrary to white fat cells, are cells that oxidatively degrade fatty acids and release their energy as heat. This is because UCP1 (Uncoupling protein 1), which is specifically expressed by BA cells, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. In rodents such as mice, BA cells are present between the scapulae, posterior cervix, mediastinum, and renal pelvis. Moreover, BA cells are known to suppress obesity and impaired glucose tolerance from analysis of UCP1 knockout mice.
- Brown adipocytes existed only in infancy in humans and were thought not to exist in adults. However, in 2009, brown adipocytes exist in the subcutaneous tissue of the upper clavicle and around the aorta in adults. Was clarified (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). There are significant individual differences in the number and function of brown adipocytes, which are inversely related to BMI (physique index) and fasting blood glucose. It is often found in lean humans, and is extremely low in patients with obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
- BMI biosique index
- Brown adipocytes have important significance. Brown adipocytes are also believed to be extremely beneficial in the development of new therapeutics for these diseases. Furthermore, if patients with obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and the like can be supplemented with brown adipocytes, this may be a new therapeutic means for these diseases.
- Non-patent Documents 4 and 5 Methods for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells and then brown adipocytes from human iPS cells are known (Non-patent Documents 4 and 5). When brown adipocytes are induced from fibroblasts via iPS cells, the final adipocytes are obtained. It takes a long time to obtain, and it is difficult to deny the risk of canceration when the obtained cells are transplanted.
- Mouse fibroblast ⁇ chondrocytes (introduced SOX9 + Klf4 + c-Myc gene) Mouse fibroblasts ⁇ cardiomyocytes (GATA4 + Mef2c + Tbx5 gene introduced) Mouse fibroblast ⁇ hepatocyte (Hnf4 ⁇ + (Foxa1 or Foxa2 or Foxa3) gene introduced) Mouse fibroblast ⁇ neural stem cell (introduced Sox2 + FoxG1 gene, etc.), Mouse, human cell ⁇ hematopoietic stem cell.
- PRDM16 and C / EBP ⁇ are introduced into myoblasts and fibroblasts and induced into “brown adipocyte-like cells” (Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 6).
- cells induced with PRDM16 and C / EBP ⁇ have only insufficient properties as brown adipocytes, such as very low expression levels of UCP1.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for introducing highly functional brown adipocytes by introducing C / EBP- ⁇ and c-Myc genes into human fibroblasts (Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 3 when brown adipocytes were induced from mouse fibroblasts and transplanted into diabetic mice, abnormal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and weight gain were all significantly suppressed.
- brown fat cells derived from mouse fibroblasts and transplanted into syngeneic mice, followed by a high-fat diet almost completely eliminated diet-induced obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. (To the same level as that of a mouse fed a normal diet) could be suppressed (Patent Document 3).
- brown adipocytes If it is possible to provide a technology to convert differentiated somatic cells into brown adipocytes without introducing genes, it is possible to provide safer, cheaper and more useful regenerative medicine for diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, etc. There is sex. In addition, using the obtained brown adipocytes, it can be expected to develop drug discovery based on a new mechanism of action for these diseases.
- the present invention provides brown adipocytes and preparation methods thereof, transplant materials containing brown adipocytes, various diseases and conditions containing brown adipocytes, and preventive or therapeutic agents for use.
- the present invention relates to a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for obesity, diabetes, glucose tolerance abnormality, lipid metabolism abnormality, arteriosclerotic disease, hypertension, hyperuricemia, gout, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, prevention or treatment method It can also be said that the object is to provide a transplant material effective for the prevention or treatment of the disease or condition and a method for preparing the same.
- an object is to provide a technique for converting somatic cells into brown adipocytes without introducing a gene.
- the present inventor used mammalian somatic cells in a medium to (1) a TGF ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitor, (2) a casein kinase 1 inhibitor, (3) a cAMP inducer, and (4) a MEK / ERK pathway. It has been found that the somatic cells can be converted into brown adipocytes by culturing in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of inhibitors.
- the present invention includes the following inventions: Item 1: Differentiated mammalian somatic cells in a medium, (1) TGF ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitor, (2) casein kinase 1 inhibitor, (3) culturing in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a cAMP inducer and (4) a MEK / ERK pathway inhibitor to convert the somatic cells into brown adipocytes.
- Item 1 Differentiated mammalian somatic cells in a medium, (1) TGF ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitor, (2) casein kinase 1 inhibitor, (3) culturing in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a cAMP inducer and (4) a MEK / ERK pathway inhibitor to convert the somatic cells into brown adipocytes.
- a method for preparing brown adipocytes A method for preparing brown adipocytes.
- Item 2 The method according to Item 1, wherein the somatic cell is a fibroblast.
- Item 3 The method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the medium is an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with thyroid hormone and a PPAR ⁇ agonist.
- TGF ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitor (2) casein kinase 1 inhibitor
- An inducer for converting differentiated somatic cells into brown adipocytes comprising (3) a cAMP inducer and (4) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of MEK / ERK pathway inhibitors.
- TGF ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitor (2) casein kinase 1 inhibitor
- a kit for converting differentiated somatic cells into brown adipocytes comprising (3) a cAMP inducer, and (4) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of MEK / ERK pathway inhibitors, and a medium.
- Item 6 The kit according to Item 5, wherein the medium is an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with thyroid hormone and a PPAR ⁇ agonist.
- Item 7 preventive or therapeutic agent for obesity, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism abnormality, arteriosclerotic disease, hypertension, hyperuricemia, gout, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome,
- a preventive or therapeutic agent comprising brown adipocytes prepared by the method according to any one of 3 to 3 as an active ingredient.
- Item 8 Obesity, Diabetes, Glucose Tolerance, Abnormal Lipid Metabolism, Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hypertension, Hyperuricemia, Gout Using Brown Adipocytes Prepared by the Method of any of Items 1 to 3 , Use for the prevention or treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome.
- Item 9 A transplant material comprising brown adipocytes prepared by the method according to any one of Items 1 to 8.
- brown adipocytes can be provided in a short period from somatic cells differentiated by the action of a low molecular compound. Since these brown adipocytes can be easily derived from the somatic cells of the individual to be transplanted, problems such as immunological rejection response do not occur even when the brown adipocytes themselves or bone tissue prepared therefrom are transplanted. Moreover, since brown adipocytes can be induced directly from somatic cells without going through iPS cells or ES cells, problems caused by pluripotent stem cells such as canceration can be avoided. On the other hand, it is possible to make a bank in advance and use it for allo-transplantation and xenotransplantation to patients.
- Magnification x200 It is a graph of the fluorescence intensity of BODIPY staining of FIG. 7A. It is a black-and-white reversal view of the BODIPY-stained image of FIG. 7A. It is a fluorescence-microscope image of the cell which immunostained UCP1. Magnification x200 It is a graph of the fluorescence intensity of UCP-1 staining in FIG. 8A. It is a black-and-white inversion figure of the UCP-1 dyeing
- FIG. 10B is a black and white inversion diagram of the stained image of FIG. 10A.
- Magnification x100 It is a black-and-white reversal view of the UCP-1 stained image of FIG. 14A. It is the graph which extracted RNA from the cell and quantified mRNA expression of UCP-1 gene by real-time RT-PCR. It is a fluorescence-microscope image of the cell which immunostained UCP1. Magnification x100 It is a black-and-white inversion figure of the UCP-1 dyeing
- the present invention relates to a method for converting differentiated somatic cells of mammals into brown adipocytes.
- brown adipocytes are prepared using somatic cells as raw materials.
- Convert means the conversion of somatic cells into the desired brown adipocytes.
- One of the preferred embodiments of the method of the present invention is that the somatic cells are treated with brown fat without going through the cell initialization process represented by the production of iPS cells, which is also called “direct reprogramming” or “direct conversion”. It is a method of converting into cells.
- Brown adipocytes are one of two types of adipocytes present in mammals along with white adipocytes. As cells having similar morphology and function as brown adipocytes, cells called beige cells and brite cells are also known, and these cells are also included in “brown adipocytes” in this specification.
- brown adipocytes As cells having similar morphology and function as brown adipocytes, cells called beige cells and brite cells are also known, and these cells are also included in “brown adipocytes” in this specification.
- brown adipocytes can be confirmed by a known method. For example, staining with a fluorescent dye capable of detecting lipid droplets in cells and detection of a gene product (mRNA or protein) expressed in brown adipocytes can be mentioned. Examples of fluorescent dyes that can detect lipid droplets in cells include Oil Red O and BODIPY. Examples of gene products expressed in brown adipocytes include UCP-1, CIDEA, PCG-1 ⁇ , DIO2, Cox8b, Otop, and AdipoQ.
- UCP-1 Uncoupling protein 1
- brown adipocytes a gene that is specifically expressed in brown adipocytes, and encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and plays a fundamental role in brown adipocyte function. Therefore, it is one of the particularly preferable indices for brown adipocytes.
- Somatic cells Differentiated somatic cells of the mammal to be subjected to the method of the present invention include, unless they are derived from mammals and have the ability to differentiate into brown adipocytes themselves in vivo. It is not limited.
- somatic cells examples include fibroblasts, epithelial cells (skin epidermal cells, oral mucosal epithelial cells, airway mucosal epithelial cells, intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, etc.), epidermal cells, gingival cells (gingival fibroblasts, gingival epithelium) Cell), dental pulp cell, white fat cell, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, muscle, blood cell, etc., preferably fibroblast, gingival cell, oral mucosal epithelial cell, pulp cell, fat cell, epidermal cell (keratinocyte) And blood cells.
- epithelial cells skin epidermal cells, oral mucosal epithelial cells, airway mucosal epithelial cells, intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, etc.
- epidermal cells examples include fibroblasts, epidermal cells (skin epidermal cells, oral mucosal epithelial cells, airway mucosal epithelial cells,
- somatic stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (Mesenchymal stem cells: MSC), neural stem cells (Neural stem cells), hepatic stem cells (hepatic stem cells), intestinal stem cells, skin stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, pigment cell stem cells
- MSC mesenchymal stem cells
- neural stem cells neural stem cells
- Neuronal stem cells hepatic stem cells
- intestinal stem cells skin stem cells
- pigment cell stem cells examples also include somatic cells produced by induction, dedifferentiation, or reprogramming.
- derived to another somatic cell is also mentioned.
- somatic cells derived from germline cells by differentiation induction, dedifferentiation, or reprogramming are also included.
- somatic cells derived from embryonic stem cells (ES cells) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) or induced by reprogramming are also included.
- ES cells Although not strictly somatic cells, ES cells, iPS cells, or germline cells are also encompassed by the “somatic cells” of the present invention (in this case, “somatic cells” are referred to as “ES cells”, “IPS cells” or “germline cells”.
- cultured cells are exemplified, and somatic cells derived from cultured cells by differentiation induction, dedifferentiation, or reprogramming are also included.
- Mammals include mice, rats, hamsters, humans, dogs, cats, monkeys, rabbits, cows, horses, pigs, and the like.
- the somatic cell is particularly preferably derived from a human.
- the age of an individual from which a somatic cell is derived is not limited, and may be an adult, a child, or a fetus.
- cells derived from fetuses and cells derived from placenta, amniotic membrane, umbilical cord and the like are also included in “somatic cells”.
- brown adipocytes When transplanting the prepared brown adipocytes into a living body, it is preferable to use somatic cells (autologous cells) derived from the transplanted subject in order to reduce the risk of infection, rejection response, and the like.
- brown adipocytes made from somatic cells of other people or other animals can be used for transplantation instead of autologous cells.
- brown adipocytes can be produced from somatic cells of other persons or other animals prepared in advance and used for transplantation.
- brown adipocytes prepared in advance from somatic cells of other people or other animals can be used for transplantation. That is, a brown adipocyte bank or a brown adipocyte precursor cell bank can be prepared and used for transplantation purposes.
- the blood group and MHC can be typed in advance.
- the brown adipocyte character and tumorigenicity can be confirmed in advance.
- the medium used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a normal liquid medium such as DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) or EMEM (Eagle's minimal essential medium) can be used.
- serum components Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Human Serum (Serum)
- antibiotics such as streptomycin, penicillin, and components such as Non-Essential Amino Acid can be added.
- the “differentiation induction medium for differentiating adipocytes” refers to a medium containing a component capable of differentiating pluripotent stem cells (ES cells, iPS cells, etc.) into adipocytes.
- Examples of the differentiation-inducing medium include those obtained by adding the following components (one or two or more) to the above-described normal liquid medium (additional components may be added as necessary): Insulin (for example, a concentration of about 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g / mL, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g / mL); 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (for example, a concentration of 0.01 Dexamethasone (for example, a concentration of about 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M). Indometacin (for example, a concentration of about 0.001 to 10 mM, more preferably about 0.01 to 1 mM) may be added.
- Insulin for example, a concentration of about 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g / mL, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g / mL
- IBMX 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- DMEM + MDI medium supplemented with 10% FBS 10% FBS-added DMEM supplemented with 0.5 m isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ dexametazone, and 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin
- IBMX isobutylmethylxanthine
- 0.5 ⁇ dexametazone 0.5 ⁇ dexametazone
- 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin can be used as the adipocyte induction medium.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Thyroid hormones such as triiodothyronine (Triiodothyronine, T3) and thyroxine (Thyroxine, T4) from the viewpoint of high efficiency in converting adipocyte induction medium into brown adipocytes (for example, a concentration of about 0.01-100 nM, More preferably, about 0.1 to 10 nM) or Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- ⁇ (PPAR- ⁇ ) agonist (for example, a concentration of about 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M) is preferably added. Is more preferable.
- PPAR- ⁇ agonists examples include thiazolidinedione compounds such as Rosiglitazone, Ciglitazone, GW1929, nTZDpa, Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, Troglitazone and the like.
- Preferred embodiments of the medium for inducing brown adipocytes include [1] FBS 10%, 0.5 mM IBMX, 125 nM Indomethacin, 1 microM Dexamethasone, 850 nM insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine ( Thyroxine, T4) and other thyroid hormones (eg, concentrations of about 0.01-100 nM, more preferably about 0.1-10 nM) in DMEM medium supplemented with 1 ⁇ Rosiglitazone, [2] 10% FBS, 850 nM insulin, 1 nM T3, Peroxisome A DMEM medium supplemented with a Proliferator-Activated Receptor- ⁇ (PPAR- ⁇ ) agonist (for example, a concentration of about 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M) is exemplified. It is particularly desirable to use [1] on the first and second days and [2] on and after the third day
- TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitor refers to a compound that can inhibit the activity of a protein belonging to the TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway.
- the TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway is a signal pathway known to those skilled in the art, schematically shown in FIG.
- TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway is a ligand composed of proteins belonging to the TGF- ⁇ superfamily (TGF- ⁇ 1, TGF- ⁇ 2, TGF- ⁇ 3, Activin- ⁇ A, Activin- ⁇ B, Activin- ⁇ C, Activin- ⁇ , nodal, BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8A, BMP8B, BMP10, BMP15, GDF1, GDF2, GDF3, GDF5, GDF6, GDF7, GDF8, GDF9, GDF10, GDF11, GDF15, AMH (MIS), etc.
- TGF- ⁇ superfamily TGF- ⁇ 1, TGF- ⁇ 2, TGF- ⁇ 3, Activin- ⁇ A, Activin- ⁇ B, Activin- ⁇ C, Activin- ⁇ , nodal, BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8A, BMP8B, BMP10, BMP15, GDF1, GDF2,
- Proteins belonging to the TGF- ⁇ type I receptor family that constitute heterodimeric receptors, proteins belonging to the TGF- ⁇ type ⁇ ⁇ II receptor family, and proteins belonging to the SMAD family of intracellular signal molecules (effectors) Especially SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD1, SMAD5, or SMAD8.
- TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway when a ligand binds to a dimeric receptor, the kinase-type receptor TGF- ⁇ type I receptor protein phosphorylates SMAD protein and transmits a signal downstream . Therefore, in this specification, any of TGF- ⁇ superfamily cytokine, TGF- ⁇ type I receptor family, TGF- ⁇ type II receptor family, SMAD family protein (especially SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD1, SMAD5, or SMAD8) Molecules that suppress this are called TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitors.
- TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitors are not limited to low-molecular compounds, which are inhibitors in the narrow sense, but are receptors antagonists, soluble receptors, antibodies and aptamers that have the activity of binding to and inhibiting the action of pathway proteins. , Peptides, mutant proteins that act as dominant negatives, peptides and analogs thereof, siRNAs, shRNAs, microRNAs, etc. that suppress the expression of pathway proteins.
- ALK proteins (ALK1, ALK2, ALK3, ALK4, ALK5, ALK6 belonging to the TGF- ⁇ -type I receptor family (also called the ActivinActivreceptor like kinase (ALK) family) , ALK7) inhibitors (ALK inhibitors).
- ALK inhibitors inhibitors of proteins belonging to the TGF- ⁇ type II receptor family (TGF- ⁇ RII (AAT3), ACTRII, ACTRIIB, BMPRII, AMHRII) are exemplified.
- ALK5 inhibitor D4476 (4- [4- (2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl) -5- (2-pyridinyl) 1H-imidazol-2-yl ] -benzamide), ALK5 Inhibitor II (2- (3- (6-Methylpyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl) -1,5-naphthyridine; also known as RepSox), GW788388, SD-208; ALK5 And LY2109761, LY2157299 (Galunisertiv, 4- [5,6-dihydro-2- (6-methyl-2-pyridinyl) -4H-pyrrolo [1,2-b] pyrazol, which are inhibitors of TGF- ⁇ RII (AAT3) -3-yl] -6-quinolinecarboxamide), LY364947; an inhibitor of ALK4 and ALK5, SM16 [(4- (5- (benzod
- ALK inhibitor those having at least an inhibitory activity against ALK5 (ALK5 inhibitor) are preferable from the viewpoint of high effect. From the viewpoint that the effect is particularly high, ALK4 and ALK5, or those having specific inhibitory activity against ALK5 (among ALK proteins, those having a markedly high inhibitory activity on the protein) are preferred.
- TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitor an inhibitor of SMAD protein is exemplified.
- SMAD2 and SMAD3 located downstream of ALK5, and further inhibitors of SMAD4 are preferable.
- the TGF- ⁇ / SMAD pathway inhibitor includes derivatives of the above compounds.
- a derivative thereof can be used instead of D4476.
- the derivative does not necessarily have an activity of inhibiting ALK5.
- a derivative of D4476 represented by the following formula (I) described in WO00 / 61576 can be used:
- R 1 is halogen, C 1-6 alkoxy (—O—C 1-6 alkyl), C 1-6 alkylthio (—S—C 1-6 alkyl), C 1-6 alkyl, —O — (CH 2 ) n —Ph, —S— (CH 2 ) n —Ph, cyano, phenyl (Ph), and CO 2 R, where R is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, and n is , 0, 1, 2 or 3), which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of naphthyl, anthracenyl, or phenyl; or R 1 is N, Phenyl fused to a 5 to 7 membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring optionally containing up to 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O and S; R 2 is H, NH (CH 2 ) n —Ph or NH—C 1-6 alkyl (where n is 0, 1, 2 or 3); R 3 is
- C 1-6 alkyl is linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, specifically, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, Mention may be made of tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl and isohexyl.
- C 3-7 cycloalkyl examples include cyclopropyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, specifically, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
- R 1 is phenyl fused to a 5-7 membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring optionally containing up to 2 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S
- Examples of such derivatives of D4476 include the following compounds: 4- [4- (4-fluorophenyl) -5- (2-pyridyl) -1-hydroxy-1H-imidazol-2-yl] benzonitrile; 4- [4- (4-fluorophenyl) -5- (2-pyridyl) -1H-imidazol-2-yl] benzonitrile; 4- [4- (4-fluorophenyl) -5- (2-pyridyl) -1H-imidazol-2-yl] benzoic acid; Methyl 4- [4- (4-fluorophenyl) -5- (2-pyridyl) -1H-imidazol-2-yl] benzoate; 4- [4- (4-fluorophenyl) -5- (2-pyridyl) -1H-imidazol-2-yl] ethyl benzoate; 4- (4-Benzo [1,3] dioxol-5-yl
- Casein kinase inhibitors broadly encompass inhibitors for casein kinase in which subtypes such as casein kinase 1 and casein kinase 2 exist. Casein kinase inhibitors are not limited to low-molecular compounds that are inhibitors in the narrow sense, but antibodies, aptamers, peptides, mutant proteins that act as dominant negatives and their analogs, and caseins that bind to casein kinase and inhibit its action. It includes siRNA, shRNA, microRNA, etc. that suppress kinase expression.
- a casein kinase 1 inhibitor may be mentioned as a preferred embodiment.
- Casein kinase 1 inhibitors include compounds such as D4476, IC261, CK1-7, A3, SB-431542, DRB, hymenardicin, mataleidinol, 5-iodotuberucine, meridienine, SB-203580, and the like (casein kinase). A compound that specifically inhibits 1).).
- casein kinase 2 inhibitors examples include CX-4945.
- Casein kinase inhibitors also include derivatives of the above compounds.
- cAMP inducer As a cAMP inducer (also referred to as an adenylate cyclase activator), a wide range of compounds that increase intracellular cAMP (cyclic AMP) levels through the activation of adenylate cyclase, Examples include forskolin (FSK), isoproterenol, NKH 477, PACAP 1-27, PACAP 1-38, and the like.
- a cAMP inducer also referred to as an adenylate cyclase activator
- cyclic AMP a wide range of compounds that increase intracellular cAMP (cyclic AMP) levels through the activation of adenylate cyclase
- examples include forskolin (FSK), isoproterenol, NKH 477, PACAP 1-27, PACAP 1-38, and the like.
- the cAMP inducer also includes derivatives of the above compounds.
- MEK / ERK pathway inhibitor means a compound capable of inhibiting the functional expression of a protein belonging to the MEK / ERK pathway.
- the MEK / ERK pathway is a signal pathway known in the art as shown in FIG.
- MEK / ERK pathways are receptors activated by the binding of cytokines and growth factors such as EGF receptor, HER2, IGF1 receptor, VEGF receptor, Flt-3, c-kit, PDGF-R, etc.
- Receptors Ras activated by these receptors; A-Raf, B-Raf, c-Raf, Mos, Tpl, which are activated by receiving a Ras signal;
- Downstream transcription factors such as Elk-1, Est2, RSK, MNK, MSK, cPLA2 , CREB, Fos, globin transcription factor 1 etc.
- MEK / ERK pathway inhibitors inhibit any of the above molecules (e.g., cytokines upstream of MEK and growth factors and their receptors, Ras, Raf, MEK1 / 2, ERK1 / 2, factors downstream of ERK, etc.) Things are included.
- compounds (inhibitors) that inhibit the functional expression of MAPKK proteins MEK1 and MEK2 and MAPK proteins ERK1 and ERK2 are preferred, and inhibitors against MEK1 and MEK2 are particularly preferred.
- MEK / ERK pathway inhibitors include PD0325901 (N-[(2R) -2,3-dihydroxypropoxy-3,4-difluoro-2-[(2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl) amino] -benzamide; MEK1 / 2 AS703026, AZD8330, BIX02188, BIX02189, CI-1040, Cobimetinib, GDC-0623, MEK162, PD318088, PD98059, Refametinib, RO4987655, SCH772984, Selumetinib, SL327, Trametinib, ARRY-142886, XL518, RDEA119 Etc. are exemplified.
- MEK / ERK pathway inhibitors also include derivatives of the above compounds.
- MEK / ERK pathway inhibitors are not limited to low-molecular compounds, which are inhibitors in the narrow sense, but are antibodies and aptamers that bind to MEK / ERK pathway proteins (eg, MEK1, MEK2, ERK1, ERK2) and inhibit their action. , Peptides, mutant proteins acting as dominant negatives and analogs thereof, siRNAs, shRNAs, microRNAs, etc. that suppress the expression of MEK / ERK pathway proteins (eg, MEK1, MEK2, ERK1, ERK2).
- the concentration of the compound selected from the group consisting of the above (1) to (4) in the medium can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art. Usually, it is about 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, particularly about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M.
- differentiated somatic cells of a mammal are cultured in a medium in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1) to (4).
- Culturing can be performed in a suitable container for storing cells and media.
- suitable culture techniques include a technique of culturing under conditions of about 37 ° C. and a carbon dioxide concentration of about 5%, but is not limited thereto. Cultivation under the above conditions can be performed using, for example, a known CO 2 incubator.
- the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the above (1) to (4) may be added only during a part of the whole culture period.
- Mammalian differentiated somatic cells may be cultured in the presence of the above compound in a normal medium, and then cultured in the absence of the above compound in an induction medium.
- the culture may be performed in the absence of the above compound in a normal medium, and then cultured in the absence of the above compound in an induction medium.
- after culturing in the presence of the above compound in a normal medium it may be cultured in the presence of the above compound in an induction medium, and then cultured in the absence of the above compound in the induction medium.
- it includes both the process of culturing in the presence of the above compound and culturing in an induction medium they may not be simultaneous, each of which is part of the entire culture period. It may be only.
- the culture period is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- it may be about 24 hours to 60 days, preferably 3 to 30 days, more preferably about 10 to 20 days, and particularly preferably about 14 days.
- the cells are cultured in the induction medium in the presence of the above compound during the whole culture period (for example, about 6 to 10 days, particularly about 8 days), and then in the absence of the above compound in the induction medium.
- the culture medium can be used as the culture medium.
- the culture in the presence of the compound may be from the start of the culture during the whole culture period or after the culture in the absence of the compound for a predetermined period.
- subculture In culture, subculture can be performed as necessary. When subculture is performed, the cells are collected before or immediately after reaching the confluent state, and the cells are seeded in a new medium. In the culture of the present invention, the medium can be changed as appropriate.
- somatic cells are converted to brown fat cells, and brown fat cells are prepared.
- brown adipocytes were obtained can be confirmed by staining with a fluorescent dye capable of detecting the lipid droplets in the aforementioned cells and detection of gene products expressed in the brown adipocytes.
- the brown adipocytes were obtained by staining with Oil ⁇ Red ⁇ O staining or Bodipy staining, a unique morphology with multilocular lipid droplets, UCP-1, CIDEA, KCNK3, PCG-1 ⁇ , It can be detected by expression of Cox8b, Otop, ELOVL3 gene and the like.
- UCP-1 Uncoupling protein 1
- UCP-1 is a gene that is specifically expressed in brown adipocytes, and encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and plays a fundamental role in brown adipocyte function. Therefore, it is one of the particularly preferable indices for brown adipocytes.
- transplant material Brown adipocytes prepared by the method of the present invention can be used for the prevention or treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, or a disease or condition related thereto by transplanting to a living body. .
- Target diseases include type I diabetes, type II diabetes, diabetic complications (retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, macrovascular disorder, diabetic gangrene, osteoporosis, diabetic coma, etc.), impaired glucose tolerance, Insulin resistance, acidosis, ketosis, ketoacidosis, obesity, central obesity and its complications, visceral obesity syndrome, hypertension, postprandial hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disorder, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome Dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypoHDLemia, kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, etc.), arteriosclerosis, thrombotic disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, angina Disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disorder (cerebral infarction, stroke, etc.), peripheral blood flow disorder, sensory disturbance, hyperuricemia, gout, infection (respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, Skin infection
- Brown adipocytes can also be used for cosmetic purposes to remove fat such as around the abdomen, jaw, and thighs. Brown adipocytes can also be used as a transplant material for cosmetic treatments introduced into the breast or the like.
- brown adipocytes reduces fat mass, especially white fat cells such as visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, and also suppresses weight gain when a high-calorie diet is consumed, so obesity, metabolic syndrome, or these It is useful in both prevention and treatment of related diseases or conditions.
- the present invention is not limited to prevention or treatment of diseases, but can also be used for purposes such as health promotion and beauty (for example, removal of visceral fat and subcutaneous fat such as abdomen, jaw, arm, and thigh).
- treatment for humans is also referred to as treatment in this specification for convenience, and “patient” can be read as “healthy person” or “human”, and “disease” can be read as “health promotion” or “beauty”.
- the present invention can also be used for treating diseases of domestic animals such as pets such as dogs and cats and cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and chickens as well as humans.
- pets such as dogs and cats and cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and chickens
- patient or “human” is read as “patient” or “animal”.
- Transplant material refers to a material for introducing brown adipocytes into a living body. Brown adipocytes can also be used as a transplant material for cosmetic treatments introduced into the breast or the like.
- the transplant material includes a material that is converted from somatic cells to brown adipocytes in vitro and then transplanted to the same or another individual.
- brown adipocytes using the obtained brown adipocytes, diabetes (particularly type II diabetes), impaired glucose tolerance, abnormal lipid metabolism, arteriosclerotic disease, hypertension, hyperuricemia, gout, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, etc.
- Drug development based on a new mechanism of action can be performed.
- ALK5 Inhibitor II may be described as “ALK5 Inhibitor”, “ALK5IH”, or “ALK5i” in the present specification and drawings.
- Example 1 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well (day 0), and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 /95% humidified air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with a compound or the like was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M D4476: 2 ⁇ M Pifithrin alpha [p53 inhibitor]: 5 ⁇ M SB431542: 2 ⁇ M ALK5 Inhibitor II: 2 ⁇ M.
- Example 2 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well (day 0), and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 /95% humid air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with each small molecule compound or the like was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M D4476: 2 ⁇ M Pifithrin alpha [p53 inhibitor]: 5 ⁇ M Forskolin (FSK): 2 ⁇ M PD0325901: 1 ⁇ M SB431542: 2 ⁇ M.
- RNA was extracted from the cells using ISOGEN II. From this RNA, cDNA was synthesized using Rever Tra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix. Real-time PCR Master Mix, primers specific to the UCP1 gene or ⁇ -actin gene, and Taqman probe were mixed with this cDNA. QRT-PCR (quantitative RT-PCR) was performed using AB7300 Real-time PCR system. The mRNA level of UCP1 gene was quantified as a ratio to ⁇ -actin gene mRNA, and the value of fibroblasts cultured in a normal medium was calculated as 1.
- FIG. In addition to T3 and Rosiglitazone, it can be seen that fibroblasts were induced in brown adipocytes expressing the mRNA of the UCP1 gene by adding and culturing any of D4476, FSK, PD0325901 or SB431542. Furthermore, it can be seen that the co-addition of D4476 and FSK resulted in the conversion to cells that most strongly express UCP1.
- Example 3 The same experiment as in Example 2 was performed. Cells cultured in a normal medium, cells cultured in an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with T3 and Rosiglitazone for 14 days, and adipocyte induction medium supplemented with T3, Rosiglitazone and D4476 for 14 days. Cultured cells were prepared. To these cells, 10 ⁇ M Isoproterenol or FSK was added as described in the figure. A group without addition as a control was also made. After 5 hours, the culture medium was aspirated and removed from each well, washed with PBS ( ⁇ ), and total RNA was extracted from the cells with ISOGEN II. QRT-PCR was performed in the same manner as in Example 2. The mRNA level of UCP1 gene was quantified as a ratio to ⁇ -actin gene mRNA, and the value of fibroblasts cultured in a normal medium was calculated as 1.
- Example 4 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well (day 0), and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 /95% humid air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium to which each compound was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M D4476: 2 ⁇ M Pifithrin alpha [p53 inhibitor]: 5 ⁇ M SB431542: 2 ⁇ M ALK5 Inhibitor II: 2 ⁇ M.
- RNA was extracted from the cells with ISOGEN II. From this RNA, cDNA was synthesized using Rever Tra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix. Real-time PCR Master Mix, primers specific to CIDEA gene or ⁇ -actin gene, and Taqman probe were mixed with this cDNA. QRT-PCR was performed using AB7300 Real-time PCR system. The mRNA level of CIDEA gene was quantified as a ratio to ⁇ -actin gene mRNA, and the value of fibroblasts cultured in a normal medium was calculated as 1.
- Example 5 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well (day 0), and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 /95% humid air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with each compound and the like was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M Pifithrin alpha [p53 inhibitor]: 5 ⁇ M Forskolin (FSK): 2 ⁇ M PD0325901: 1 ⁇ M.
- RNA was extracted from the cells using ISOGEN II. From this RNA, cDNA was synthesized using Rever Tra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix. Real-time PCR Master Mix, and primer specific to PGC-1alpha or ⁇ -actin gene and Taqman pobe were mixed with this cDNA. QRT-PCR was performed using AB7300 Real-time PCR system. The mRNA level of the PGC-1alpha gene was quantified as a ratio to ⁇ -actin gene mRNA, and the value of fibroblasts cultured in a normal medium was calculated as 1.
- Example 6 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well (day 0), and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 /95% humid air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with each small molecule compound or the like was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M D4476: 2 ⁇ M.
- RNA was extracted from the cells using ISOGEN II. From this RNA, cDNA was synthesized using Rever Tra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix. Real-time PCR Master Mix and primers specific to AdipoQ or ⁇ -actin gene and Taqman pobe were mixed with this cDNA. QRT-PCR was performed using AB7300 Real-time PCR system. The mRNA level of AdipoQ gene was quantified as a ratio to ⁇ -actin gene mRNA, and the value of fibroblasts cultured in a normal medium was calculated as 1.
- fibroblasts were converted to brown adipocytes expressing the mRNA of the AdipoQ gene by adding and culturing either D4476, PD0325901, SB431542 or ALK5KInhibitor II.
- Example 7 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well (day 0), and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 /95% humidified air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with each small molecule compound or the like was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M D4476: 2 ⁇ M SB431541: 2 ⁇ M ALK5 inhibitor II: 2 ⁇ M.
- the culture solution was aspirated and removed from each well and washed with PBS ( ⁇ ). Thereafter, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, washed with PBS ( ⁇ ), reacted with BODIPY 493/503 (Invitrogen) / PBS solution at room temperature for 5 minutes, and washed with PBS three times. Photographs were taken at a magnification of 200 times using a fluorescence microscope, and the fluorescence intensity was measured.
- FIG. 7A fluorescence microscope image
- FIG. 7B fluorescence intensity
- Example 8 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well (day 0), and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 /95% humidified air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with each compound and the like was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M D4476: 2 ⁇ M SB431541: 2 ⁇ M ALK5 inhibitor II: 2 ⁇ M PD0325901: 1 ⁇ M Forskolin (FSK): 2 ⁇ M.
- Anti-USP-1 antibody was added and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by washing 3 times with Wash buffer.
- Alexa 546-conjugated anti-mouse Ig antibody was added and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour, followed by washing 5 times with Wash ⁇ ⁇ buffer.
- Photographs were taken at a magnification of 200 times using a fluorescence microscope, and the fluorescence intensity was measured.
- FIGS. 8A and 8C fluorescence microscope image
- FIG. 8B fluorescence intensity
- fibroblasts were induced in brown adipocytes expressing UCP1 protein by culturing with either D4476, SB431541, ALK5 inhibitor II, PD0325901, or Forskolin (FSK). Recognize. It can also be seen that the expression of UCP-1 protein is increased by culture with addition of PD0325901 or Forskolin.
- D4476 and Forskolin were co-added, and it was found that fibroblasts were converted to brown adipocytes that expressed UCP1 protein more strongly.
- Example 9 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well (day 0), and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 /95% humidified air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with each small molecule compound or the like was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M D4476: 2 ⁇ M.
- Example 10 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 cells / well (day 0), and cultivation was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2/95% humidified air. On the next day, the culture supernatant was removed by aspiration, and 500 ⁇ L / well of a normal medium, an adipocyte induction medium, or an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with each small molecule compound or the like was added as shown in the figure.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is 10% FBS-added DMEM + MDI medium (0.5% mM Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, and 1% ⁇ g / mL Insulin added 10% FBS-added DMEM).
- the additive concentrations are as follows: T3: 1 nM Rosiglitazone: 1 ⁇ M D4476: 2 ⁇ M.
- Anti-USP-1 antibody was added and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by washing 3 times with Wash buffer.
- Alexa 546-conjugated anti-mouse Ig antibody was added and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour, followed by washing 5 times with Wash ⁇ ⁇ buffer. Thereafter, the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 5 minutes with a BODIPY 493/503 (Invitrogen) / PBS solution, washed 3 times with PBS, and stained with DAPI. Photographs were taken at a magnification of 200 using a fluorescence microscope.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B The results are shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B.
- fibroblasts were converted to lipid droplets stained with Bodipy and brown adipocytes expressing UCP1 protein by culturing with addition of D4476.
- Example 13 Human normal dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 12-well plate at a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2/95% humidified air. The next day (Day 0), the culture supernatant is aspirated and removed, and normal medium (Group 1), adipocyte induction medium (Group 2), or adipocyte induction medium (Group 3) supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II at a concentration of 4 ⁇ M. ⁇ 8) was added at 1 mL / well.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is DMEM supplemented with 1 nM T3, 1 ⁇ M Rosiglitazone, 0.5 mM Misobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin and 10% FBS.
- the medium was replaced with fresh one once every 2 days.
- Groups 3-7 were cultured in adipocyte induction medium supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II only during Days 0-2, Days 0-4, Days 0-6, Days 0-8, Days 0-10, respectively.
- the cells were cultured in an adipocyte induction medium without adding ALK5 inhibitor II.
- Group 8 was cultured in an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II during the entire period from Days 0 to 14. On Day 14, the medium was aspirated and removed from each well, washed with PBS ( ⁇ ), and total RNA was extracted from the cells using Qiagen RNA-easy Mini Kit.
- RNA was synthesized using Rever, Tra, Ace, qPCR, RT, Master, and Mix. Real-time PCR Master Mix, and primers specific to UCP-1 gene or ⁇ -actin gene and Taqman probe were mixed with this cDNA. QRT-PCR was performed using AB7300 Real-time PCR system. The mRNA U level of the UCP1 gene was quantified as a ratio to the ⁇ actin gene mRNA level, and the value of fibroblasts cultured in a normal medium was calculated as 1.
- fibroblasts were induced into brown adipocytes that strongly expressed the UCP1 gene by culturing with addition of ALK5 inhibitor II in an adipocyte induction medium.
- the expression of the UCP1 gene was the highest in the group (group 6) that was added with ALK5 inhibitor II for 0-8 days and then cultured for 6 days in adipocyte induction medium without ALK5 inhibitor II. It turns out that it induces in brown fat cells.
- High expression of the UCP1 gene was also induced under other conditions (groups 3 to 5, 7, and 8) in which culture was performed in the presence of ALK5 inhibitor II.
- Example 14 Human normal dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in a normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 12-well plate at a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2/95% humidified air. On the next day (Day 0), the culture supernatant is removed by aspiration, and normal medium (Group 1), adipocyte induction medium (Group 2), or adipocyte induction medium (Group 3 to 3) supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II at a concentration of 4 ⁇ M 8) was added at 1 mL / well.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is DMEM supplemented with 1 nM T3, 1 ⁇ M Rosiglitazone, 0.5 mM Misobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin and 10% FBS.
- the medium was replaced with fresh one once every 2 days.
- Groups 3-7 were cultured in adipocyte induction medium supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II only during Days 0-2, Days 0-4, Days 0-6, Days 0-8, Days 0-10, respectively.
- Group 8 was cultured in an adipocyte induction medium supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II during the entire period from Days 0 to 14. The culture medium was aspirated and removed from each well on day 14 and washed with PBS ( ⁇ ), and then the culture medium was aspirated and removed from each well on day 14 and washed with PBS ( ⁇ ).
- FIGS. 14A and 14B fluorescence microscope images.
- ALK5 ⁇ inhibitor ⁇ II was added for 0-8 days and then cultured in an adipocyte induction medium not containing ALK5 inhibitor II
- # UCP1 protein staining intensity was high and staining positive
- fibroblasts are most strongly induced in brown adipocytes. High expression of UCP1 protein was also detected under other conditions (# 2 to 5, 7, and 8 in the figure) in which culture was performed in the presence of ALK5 inhibitor II.
- Example 15 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 12-well plate at a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2/95% humidified air (Day -1). In the control (Ctrl) group, the culture supernatant was aspirated and removed on the next day (Day 0), and the culture medium was cultured in a normal medium until Day 14 while replacing the medium with a fresh one every two days.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the culture supernatant was aspirated and removed on Day 0, and either 4 ⁇ M, 8 ⁇ M, or 12 of the adipocyte induction medium or any of the compounds of ALK5 inhibitor II, SB431542, LY2157299, and D4476 was used. 1 mL / well of adipocyte induction medium added at a concentration of ⁇ M or 16 ⁇ M was added.
- the adipocyte induction medium is DMEM supplemented with 1 nM T3, 1 ⁇ M Rosiglitazone, 0.5 mM Misobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin and 10% FBS.
- the culture medium was replaced with fresh one once every 2 days and cultured until Day 9. Thereafter, Day 9 to Day 14 were cultured in an adipocyte induction medium not containing any of ALK5 inhibitor II, SB431542, LY215799, and D4476. On Day 14, the medium was aspirated and removed from all groups of wells, washed with PBS ( ⁇ ), and total RNA was extracted from the cells using Qiagen RNAase Easy Mini Kit. From this RNA, cDNA was synthesized using Rever, Tra, Ace, qPCR, RT, Master, and Mix. Real-time PCR Master Mix, and primers specific to UCP-1 gene or ⁇ -actin gene and Taqman probe were mixed with this cDNA.
- QRT-PCR was performed using AB7300 Real-time PCR system.
- the mRNA U level of the UCP1 gene was quantified as a ratio to the ⁇ actin gene mRNA level, and the value of fibroblasts cultured in a normal medium was calculated as 1.
- Example 16 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 12-well plate at a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2/95% humidified air. The next day (Day 0), the culture supernatant is aspirated and adipocyte induction is added with any of the compounds ALK5 inhibitor II (4 ⁇ M), LY2157299 (8 ⁇ M), SB431542 (4 ⁇ M) and D4476 (4 ⁇ M) The medium was added at 1 mL / well.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is DMEM supplemented with 1 nM T3, 1 ⁇ M Rosiglitazone, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin and 10% FBS.
- IBMX isobutylmethylxanthine
- dexamethason 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- FIGS. 16A and 16B fluorescence microscope images. It can be seen that by adding and culturing any one of ALK5 inhibitor II, LY2157299, SB431541, and D4476, the fibroblasts were induced into brown adipocytes expressing UCP1 protein. In particular, AKL5 inhibitor II induces UCP1 gene expression most strongly, followed by LY2157299.
- Example 17 Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were suspended in normal medium (Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS). This was seeded on a 12-well plate at a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and culture was started at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2/95% humidified air (Day -1). In the control (Ctrl) group, the culture supernatant was aspirated and removed on the next day (Day 0), and the culture medium was cultured in a normal medium until Day 14 while replacing the medium with a fresh one every two days.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium
- the adipocyte induction medium is DMEM supplemented with 1 nM T3, 1 ⁇ M Rosiglitazone, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), 0.5 ⁇ M dexamethason, 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin and 10% FBS.
- IBMX isobutylmethylxanthine
- dexamethason 1 ⁇ g / mL Insulin
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- RNA was synthesized using Rever Tra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix. This cDNA was mixed with Real-time PCR Master Mix, primers specific to UCP-1 gene, CIDEA gene, KCNK3 gene or ⁇ -actin gene and Taqman probe. QRT-PCR was performed using AB7300 Real-time PCR system. The mRNA level of UCP1 gene was quantified as a ratio to ⁇ -actin gene mRNA, and the value of fibroblasts cultured in a normal medium was calculated as 1.
- fibroblasts were induced in brown adipocytes expressing UCP1 gene, CIDEA gene and KCNK3 gene by adding and culturing either ALK5LKinhibitor II or LY2157299 for 8 days.
- AKL5 inhibitor II more strongly induced the expression of UCP1 gene.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2015年8月7日に出願された、日本国特許出願第2015-157697号明細書(その開示全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される)に基づく優先権を主張する。
マウス線維芽細胞→軟骨細胞(SOX9 + Klf4 +c-Myc遺伝子を導入)
マウス線維芽細胞→心筋細胞(GATA4 + Mef2c +Tbx5遺伝子を導入)
マウス線維芽細胞→肝細胞(Hnf4α+(Foxa1またはFoxa2またはFoxa3)遺伝子を導入)
マウス線維芽細胞→神経幹細胞(Sox2 + FoxG1遺伝子を導入など)、
マウス、ヒト細胞→造血幹細胞。
項1、 哺乳動物の分化した体細胞を培地中、
(1)TGFβ/SMADパスウェイ阻害剤、
(2)カゼインキナーゼ1阻害剤、
(3)cAMP誘導剤、及び
(4)MEK/ERKパスウェイ阻害剤
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物の存在下に培養して前記体細胞を褐色脂肪細胞にコンヴァートさせることを特徴とする、褐色脂肪細胞を調製する方法。
(2)カゼインキナーゼ1阻害剤、
(3)cAMP誘導剤、及び
(4)MEK/ERKパスウェイ阻害剤
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物のを含む、分化した体細胞を褐色脂肪細胞にコンヴァートするための誘導剤。
(2)カゼインキナーゼ1阻害剤、
(3)cAMP誘導剤、及び
(4)MEK/ERKパスウェイ阻害剤
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物、並びに、培地を含む分化した体細胞を褐色脂肪細胞にコンヴァートするためのキット。
本発明は、褐色脂肪細胞の調整方法を提供する。褐色脂肪細胞とは、白色脂肪細胞とともに、ほ乳類に存在する脂肪細胞の2つのタイプの1つである。褐色脂肪細胞と類似の形態と機能をもつ細胞として、ベージュ(Beige)細胞やブライト(Brite)細胞と呼ばれる細胞も知られており、本明細書においてこれらの細胞も「褐色脂肪細胞」に包含される。
本発明の方法の対象となる哺乳動物の分化した体細胞としては、哺乳動物由来であって、褐色脂肪細胞そのもの及び生体内で褐色脂肪細胞へと分化する能力を有する細胞でない限り、特に限定されない。
本発明の方法で用いる培地は、特に限定されない。DMEM(Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium)、EMEM(Eagle's minimal essential medium)などの通常の液体培地を用いることができる。必要に応じて、血清成分(Fetal Bovine Serum(FBS)、Human Serum(Serum))、ストレプトマイシン、ペニシリンなどの抗生剤、Non-Essential Amino Acid等の成分を添加することができる。
インスリン(Insulin)(例えば濃度0.01~100μg/mL程度、より好ましくは0. 1~10μg/mL程度);3-イソブチル-1-メチルキサンチン(3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine;IBMX)(例えば濃度0.01~100 mM程度、より好ましくは0.1~10mM程度); デキサメタゾン(Dexametazone)(例えば濃度0.01~100 μM程度、より好ましくは0.1~10 μM程度)。また、インドメタシン(Indometacin)(例えば濃度0.001~10 mM程度、より好ましくは0.01~1 mM程度) を添加しても良い。
本発明の方法において、哺乳動物の分化した体細胞を培地中、
(1)TGFβ/SMADパスウェイ阻害剤、
(2)カゼインキナーゼ1阻害剤、
(3)cAMP誘導剤、及び
(4)MEK/ERKパスウェイ阻害剤
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物の存在下に培養する。以下、各化合物について説明する。
TGF-β/SMADパスウェイ阻害剤は、TGF-β/SMADパスウェイに属するタンパク質の活性を阻害できる化合物を意味する。TGF-β/SMADパスウェイは図11に模式的に示す、当業者に公知のシグナル経路である。
R2は、H、NH(CH2)n-PhまたはNH-C1-6アルキルであり(ここで、nは、0、1、2または3である);
R3は、CO2H、CONH2、CN、NO2、C1-6アルキルチオ、-SO2-C1-6アルキル、C1-6アルコキシ、SONH2、CONHOH、NH2、CHO、CH2OH、CH2NH2、またはCO2Rであり(ここで、Rは、水素またはC1-6アルキルである); X1およびX2のうち一方は、NまたはCR'であり、他方は、NR'またはCHR'である(ここで、R'は、水素、OH、C1-6アルキル、またはC3-7シクロアルキルである)か;またはX1およびX2のうち一方がNまたはCR'である場合、他方は、SまたはOであってもよい]。
4-[4-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-(2-ピリジル)-1-ヒドロキシ-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンゾニトリル;
4-[4-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-(2-ピリジル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンゾニトリル;
4-[4-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-(2-ピリジル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]安息香酸;
4-[4-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-(2-ピリジル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]安息香酸メチル;
4-[4-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-(2-ピリジル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]安息香酸エチル;
4-(4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-1-ヒドロキシ-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)ベンゾニトリル;
4-(4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)ベンゾニトリル;
4-(4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)安息香酸;
2-[4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-2-(4-ニトロフェニル)-1H-イミダゾール-5-イル]ピリジン;
3-(4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)フェニルアミン;
4-[4-(4-フルオロフェニル)-2-(4-ニトロフェニル)-1H-イミダゾール-5-イル]ピリジン;
4-[4-(4-フルオロフェニル)-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)フェニルアミン;
4-(4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)フェニル]メタノール;
4-(4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)ベンズアミド;
4-[4-(2,3-ジヒドロ-ベンゾ[1,4]ジオキシン-6-イル)-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンゾニトリル;
4-[4-(2,3-ジヒドロ-ベンゾフラン-5-イル)-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンズアミド;
3-[4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)ベンゾニトリル;
4-[4-(2,3-ジヒドロ-ベンゾフラン-6-イル)-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンゾニトリル;
4-[4-(2,3-ジヒドロ-ベンゾフラン-6-イル)-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンズアミド;
3-(4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)安息香酸;
4-[4-(4-メトキシフェニル)-5-(2-ピリジル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンゾニトリル;
4-[4-(2,2-ジフルオロ-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンズアミド;
4-[4-(2,3-ジヒドロ-ベンゾ[1,4]ジオキシン-6-イル)-1-メチル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンズアミド;
4-[5-(2,3-ジヒドロ-ベンゾ[1,4]ジオキシン-6-イル)-1-メチル-4-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]ベンズアミド;
4-(5-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-4-ピリジン-2-イル-オキサゾール-2-イル)ベンゾニトリル;
4-(5-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-4-ピリジン-2-イル-オキサゾール-2-イル)ベンズアミド;および 4-(4-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル-5-ピリジン-2-イル-1H-ピロール-2-イル)ベンズアミド。
カゼインキナーゼ阻害剤は、カゼインキナーゼ1、カゼインキナーゼ2などのサブタイプが存在するカゼインキナーゼに対する阻害剤を広く包含する。カゼインキナーゼ阻害剤は狭義の阻害剤である低分子化合物に止まらず、カゼインキナーゼに結合しその作用を阻害する活性を有する抗体、アプタマー、ペプチド、ドミナントネガティブとして働く変異体タンパク質やその類似体、カゼインキナーゼの発現を抑制するsiRNA、shRNA、マイクロRNAなどを包含する。
cAMP誘導剤(アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化剤と換言することもできる)としては、アデニル酸シクラーゼの活性化作用により細胞内のcAMP(サイクリックAMP)レベルを上昇させる化合物を広く包含し、例えば、フォルスコリン(FSK)、イソプロテレノール、NKH 477、PACAP 1-27、PACAP 1-38などが挙げられる。
MEK/ERKパスウェイ阻害剤は、MEK/ERKパスウェイに属するタンパク質の機能発現を阻害できる化合物を意味する。MEK/ERKパスウェイは図12に示す、当業者に公知のシグナル経路である。
本発明の方法において、哺乳動物の分化した体細胞を培地中、上記(1)~(4)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物の存在下に培養する。
本発明の方法により調製される褐色脂肪細胞は、生体に移植することで、肥満、メタボリックシンドローム、或いはこれらに関連する疾患又は状態の予防又は治療に使用することができる。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco’s modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×104cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
D4476: 2 μM
Pifithrin alpha[p53阻害剤]: 5 μM
SB431542: 2 μM
ALK5 Inhibitor II: 2 μM。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco’s modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×104 cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2 /95% humid air 37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または各小分子化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
D4476: 2 μM
Pifithrin alpha[p53阻害剤]: 5 μM
Forskolin(FSK): 2 μM
PD0325901: 1 μM
SB431542: 2 μM。
実施例2と同様の実験を行い、通常培地で培養した細胞、T3とRosiglitazoneを添加した脂肪細胞誘導培地で14日間培養した細胞と、T3、RosiglitazoneとD4476 を添加した脂肪細胞誘導培地で14日間培養した細胞を準備した。これら細胞に、図中に記載のように10 μMのIsoproterenol、またはFSKを添加した。コントロールとして添加しない群も作った。5時間後に各wellから培養液を吸引除去し、PBS(-)で洗浄後、細胞からISOGEN IIにてtotal RNAを抽出した。実施例2と同様にqRT-PCRを行った。UCP1遺伝子のmRNAレベルをβアクチン遺伝子mRNAに対する比として定量し、通常培地で培養した線維芽細胞の値を1として算出した。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco’s modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×104cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2 /95% humid air 37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または各化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
D4476: 2 μM
Pifithrin alpha[p53阻害剤]: 5 μM
SB431542: 2 μM
ALK5 Inhibitor II: 2 μM。
Day 14に、各wellから培養液を吸引除去し、PBS(-)で洗浄後、細胞からISOGEN IIにてtotal RNAを抽出した。このRNAから、Rever Tra Ace qPCR RT Master Mixを用いてcDNAを合成した。このcDNAにReal-time PCR Master Mixと、CIDEA遺伝子またはβアクチン遺伝子に特異的なprimersとTaqman probeを混和した。AB7300 Real-time PCR systemを用いてqRT-PCRを行った。CIDEA遺伝子のmRNAレベルをβアクチン遺伝子mRNAに対する比として定量し、通常培地で培養した線維芽細胞の値を1として算出した。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×104cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2 /95% humid air 37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または各化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
Pifithrin alpha[p53阻害剤]: 5 μM
Forskolin(FSK): 2 μM
PD0325901: 1 μM。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×104cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2 /95% humid air 37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または各小分子化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
D4476: 2 μM。
Pifithrin alpha[p53阻害剤]: 5 μM
PD0325901: 1 μM
SB431542: 2 μM
ALK5 Inhibitor II: 2 μM。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×104cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または各小分子化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
D4476: 2 μM
SB431541: 2 μM
ALK5 inhibitor II: 2 μM。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×104cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または各化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
D4476: 2 μM
SB431541: 2 μM
ALK5 inhibitor II: 2 μM
PD0325901: 1 μM
Forskolin(FSK): 2 μM。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco’s modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×104 cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または各小分子化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
D4476: 2 μM。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBSを添加したDulbecco’s modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを1×10^4 cells/wellの濃度で24-well plateに播種し(day 0)、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した。翌日、培養上清を吸引除去し、図中に記載のとおり、通常培地、脂肪細胞誘導培地、または各小分子化合物等を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、500 μL/well加えた。
T3: 1 nM
Rosiglitazone: 1 μM
D4476: 2 μM。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBS を添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium(DMEM))に縣濁した。これを 3×104 cells/well の濃度で12-well plate に播種し、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した。翌日(Day 0)、培養上清を吸引除去し、通常培地(群1)、、脂肪細胞誘導培地(群2)、またはALK5 inhibitor IIを4 μMの濃度で添加した脂肪細胞誘導培地(群3~8)を、1 mL/well 加えた。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBS を添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium(DMEM))に縣濁した。これを 3×104 cells/well の濃度で12-well plate に播種し、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した。翌日(Day 0)、培養上清を吸引除去し、通常培地(群1)、脂肪細胞誘導培地(群2)、またはALK5 inhibitor IIを4 μMの濃度で添加した脂肪細胞誘導培地(群3~8)を、1 mL/well 加えた。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBS を添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを 3×104 cells/well の濃度で12-well plate に播種し、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した(Day -1)。コントロール(Ctrl)群は、翌日(Day 0)培養上清を吸引除去し、2 日に1 度培地をフレッシュなものに置換しながら、Day 14まで通常培地で培養した。コントロール(Ctrl)群以外の群は、Day 0に培養上清を吸引除去し、脂肪細胞誘導培地、またはALK5 inhibitor II、SB431542、LY2157299及びD4476のいずれかの化合物をそれぞれ4 μM、8 μM、12 μM、16 μMの濃度で添加した脂肪細胞誘導培地を、1mL/well 加えた。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBS を添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを 3×104 cells/well の濃度で12-well plate に播種し、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した。翌日(Day 0)、培養上清を吸引除去し、ALK5 inhibitor II (4 μM)、LY2157299 (8 μM)、SB431542 (4 μM)及びD4476 (4 μM)のいずれかの化合物を加えた脂肪細胞誘導培地を、1mL/well 加えた。
2 日に1 度、培地をフレッシュなものに置換してDay 9まで培養した。その後、Day 9からDay 14は、ALK5 inhibitor II、SB431542、LY215799及びD4476のいずれの化合物も含まない脂肪細胞誘導培地で培養した。Day 14 に、各well から培地を吸引除去し、PBS(-)で洗浄した。4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定後、PBS(-)にて洗浄し、Perm Buffer(0.2% Triton-X 添加PBS)を加えて15 分間インキュベートした。PBS(-)にて3 回洗浄した後、Blocking One を加えて、室温で60 分間インキュベートした。抗UCP-1 抗体(RD MAB6158)を加えて室温で2 時間反応させた後、Wash buffer にて3 回wash した。CF488-conjugated anti-mouse Ig 抗体(Biotum 20014)を加えて室温で2 時間反応させた後、PBS (-) にて3 回wash した。Lifetechnology社製SlowFade Gold antifade reagent with DAPIで核染色したのち蛍光顕微鏡を用いて倍率100 倍で写真撮影を行った。
ヒト正常皮膚由来線維芽細胞(human dermal fibroblasts; HDFs)を通常培地(10% FBS を添加したDulbecco's modified minimum essential medium; DMEM)に縣濁した。これを 3×104 cells/well の濃度で12-well plate に播種し、5% CO2/95% humidified air、37℃で培養を開始した(Day -1)。コントロール(Ctrl)群は、翌日(Day 0)培養上清を吸引除去し、2 日に1 度培地をフレッシュなものに置換しながら、Day 14まで通常培地で培養した。コントロール(Ctrl)群以外の群は、Day 0に培養上清を吸引除去し、ALK5 inhibitor II(4μM)及びLY2157299(8μM)のいずれかの化合物を添加した脂肪細胞誘導培地を、1 mL/well 加えた。
2 日に1 度、培地をフレッシュなものに置換してDay 9まで培養した。その後、Day 9 - Day 14は、ALK5 inhibitor IIとLY215799のいずれの化合物も含まない脂肪細胞誘導培地で培養した。Day 14 に、すべての群のwellから培地を吸引除去し、PBS(-)で洗浄後、細胞からQiagen社製 RNA easy Mini Kitを用いてtotal RNA を抽出した。このRNA から、Rever Tra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix を用いてcDNA を合成した。このcDNA にReal-time PCR Master Mix と、UCP-1遺伝子、CIDEA遺伝子、KCNK3遺伝子またはβ アクチン遺伝子に特異的なprimers とTaqman probe を混和した。AB7300 Real-time PCR system を用いてqRT-PCR を行った。UCP1 遺伝子のmRNA レベルをβアクチン遺伝子mRNAに対する比として定量し、通常培地で培養した線維芽細胞の値を1として算出した。
Claims (9)
- 哺乳動物の分化した体細胞を培地中、
(1)TGFβ/SMADパスウェイ阻害剤、
(2)カゼインキナーゼ1阻害剤、
(3)cAMP誘導剤、及び
(4)MEK/ERKパスウェイ阻害剤
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物の存在下に培養して前記体細胞を褐色脂肪細胞にコンヴァートさせることを特徴とする、褐色脂肪細胞を調製する方法。 - 前記体細胞が線維芽細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記培地が、甲状腺ホルモン及びPPARγアゴニストを添加した脂肪細胞誘導培地である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- (1)TGFβ/SMADパスウェイ阻害剤、
(2)カゼインキナーゼ1阻害剤、
(3)cAMP誘導剤、及び
(4)MEK/ERKパスウェイ阻害剤
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、分化した体細胞を褐色脂肪細胞にコンヴァートさせるための誘導剤。 - (1)TGFβ/SMADパスウェイ阻害剤、
(2)カゼインキナーゼ1阻害剤、
(3)cAMP誘導剤、及び
(4)MEK/ERKパスウェイ阻害剤
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物、並びに、培地を含む分化した体細胞を褐色脂肪細胞にコンヴァートするためのキット。 - 前記培地が、甲状腺ホルモン及びPPARγアゴニストを添加した脂肪細胞誘導培地である、請求項5に記載のキット。
- 肥満、糖尿病、耐糖能異常、脂質代謝異常、動脈硬化性疾患、高血圧、高尿酸血症、痛風、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、メタボリックシンドロームの予防又は治療剤であって、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法により調製された褐色脂肪細胞を有効成分とする、予防又は治療剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法により調製された褐色脂肪細胞を用いた、肥満、糖尿病、耐糖能異常、脂質代謝異常、動脈硬化性疾患、高血圧、高尿酸血症、痛風、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、メタボリックシンドロームの予防又は治療のための使用。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の方法により調製された褐色脂肪細胞を含む、移植材料。
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JP2017534454A JP6849222B2 (ja) | 2015-08-07 | 2016-08-08 | 褐色脂肪細胞の調製方法 |
KR1020187006506A KR20180032646A (ko) | 2015-08-07 | 2016-08-08 | 갈색 지방 세포의 조제 방법 |
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JP2019170380A (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-10 | 株式会社 バイオミメティクスシンパシーズ | Ucp1発現細胞の培養方法 |
WO2020090705A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | 千寿製薬株式会社 | 網膜神経節細胞死抑制剤 |
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WO2020090705A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | 千寿製薬株式会社 | 網膜神経節細胞死抑制剤 |
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KR20200129274A (ko) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-11-18 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 저분자 화합물을 이용한 갈색 지방 세포 유사 세포로의 직접분화 방법 및 조성물 |
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WO2021106698A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | 株式会社片岡製作所 | 培地用組成物 |
WO2021106697A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | 株式会社片岡製作所 | 褐色脂肪細胞の製造方法 |
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