WO2017020848A1 - 分子筛的改性方法及含分子筛的催化裂化催化剂 - Google Patents

分子筛的改性方法及含分子筛的催化裂化催化剂 Download PDF

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WO2017020848A1
WO2017020848A1 PCT/CN2016/093194 CN2016093194W WO2017020848A1 WO 2017020848 A1 WO2017020848 A1 WO 2017020848A1 CN 2016093194 W CN2016093194 W CN 2016093194W WO 2017020848 A1 WO2017020848 A1 WO 2017020848A1
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Prior art keywords
molecular sieve
group iiib
catalyst
slurry
precipitate
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙书红
黄校亮
张海涛
曹庚振
郑云锋
王林
潘志爽
谭争国
王亚红
蔡进军
段宏昌
李雪礼
袁程远
王栋
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from CN201510475247.3A external-priority patent/CN106423253B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510474678.8A external-priority patent/CN106423252B/zh
Application filed by Petrochina Co Ltd filed Critical Petrochina Co Ltd
Priority to US15/750,398 priority Critical patent/US11084024B2/en
Publication of WO2017020848A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017020848A1/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/08Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
    • B01J29/085Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
    • B01J29/088Y-type faujasite
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
    • B01J29/405Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/02Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/04Alumina
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/06Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/08Silica
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/12Silica and alumina
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/16Clays or other mineral silicates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/005Mixtures of molecular sieves comprising at least one molecular sieve which is not an aluminosilicate zeolite, e.g. from groups B01J29/03 - B01J29/049 or B01J29/82 - B01J29/89
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/061Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing metallic elements added to the zeolite
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/031Precipitation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08Heat treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/02Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G11/04Oxides
    • C10G11/05Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/18Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J2029/062Mixtures of different aluminosilicates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/10After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
    • B01J2229/18After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
    • B01J2229/186After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0236Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/04Mixing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/70Catalyst aspects

Definitions

  • Chinese patent CN103058217 A discloses a preparation method of a rare earth-containing Y molecular sieve, which uses NaY molecular sieve as a raw material, first undergoes ammonium exchange, then hydrothermal treatment, and then contains H + , NH 4 + , RE 3+ and organic After the mixed solution of the solvent is treated, the mother liquor is separated and the cake is calcined to obtain a modified molecular sieve product.
  • Chinese patent CN1159101 C discloses a preparation method of rare earth-containing ultra-stable Y zeolite, which comprises mixing ultra-stable Y zeolite having a sodium oxide content of 3 to 5% by weight with a rare earth compound solution to prepare a slurry.
  • the method firstly carries the rare earth on the molecular sieve, and then treats with at least one of the substances contained in (I) and at least one of (II), the purpose of which is to obtain a skeleton rare earth molecular sieve, the rare earth is present in the skeleton of the molecular sieve In place, some of the cations on the molecular sieve backbone are replaced.
  • the rare earth ions are ion exchanged with the cations such as sodium of the molecular sieve, and migrate into the molecular sieve to improve the activity and stability of the molecular sieve.
  • the ion exchanged rare earth is in contact with vanadium, it is easy to separate from the skeleton structure of the molecular sieve to form vanadium.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for modifying a molecular sieve.
  • the molecular sieve prepared by the method has excellent activity stability and resistance to heavy metal pollution.
  • a method for modifying a molecular sieve disclosed by the present invention comprising: a method for modifying a molecular sieve, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a solution containing a metal ion of Group IIIB of the periodic table and an organic complexing agent and/or Or dispersing agent, precipitating agent, mixing, stirring to form a suspension containing a group IIIB element precipitate; mixing the suspension containing the group IIIB element precipitate with the molecular sieve slurry to obtain a mixed slurry containing the group IIIB element precipitate and the molecular sieve, and spraying Drying, with or without calcination, to obtain a molecular sieve modified by a Group IIIB element;
  • the weight ratio of the Group IIIB element to the molecular sieve dry basis in terms of the oxide is from 0.3 to 10:100, and the molar ratio of the organic complexing agent to the Group IIIB metal ion is from 0.3 to 10:1, the dispersing agent The molar ratio to the metal ion is from 0.2 to 16:1.
  • the metal ion solution containing the periodic table IIIB of the present invention can be formed by dissolving a compound containing an element of the periodic table IIIB in water or an acid.
  • the method for modifying a molecular sieve disclosed by the present invention wherein the IIIB element is one or more selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium and lanthanide rare earth elements.
  • the lanthanide rare earth includes one or more of lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, and the like, and may be various rare earth elements.
  • a mixture of high-purity single rare earths commonly used as rare earth-rich rare earths, rare earth-rich rare earths, pure tantalum or pure tantalum.
  • the compound containing the IIIB element is one or more selected from the group consisting of a compound of a halide, a nitrate, a sulfate, an oxide, or a hydroxide of a water or acid IIIB element.
  • the weight ratio of the IIIB element precipitate to the molecular sieve dry basis in terms of oxide is from 0.3 to 10:100.
  • the method for modifying the molecular sieve disclosed by the present invention means that in the chemical precipitation reaction, it can chemically react with the Group IIIB metal ion in the system, and the product is slightly soluble or insoluble in the system. .
  • the type and amount of precipitating agent are well known to those skilled in the art to provide or produce hydroxide ions (OH - ), carbonate ions (CO 3 2- ), bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 - ), phosphoric acid
  • a compound of a root ion (PO 4 3- ) a hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO 4 2- ), a dihydrogen phosphate ion (H 2 PO 4 - ), or an oxalate ion (C 2 O 4 2- )
  • a plurality of precipitating agents of the present invention may be added in an amount sufficient to satisfy the molar ratio of the substances in the precipitation reaction.
  • the method for modifying a molecular sieve disclosed by the invention wherein the precipitating agent is preferably oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, carbon dioxide, ammonia, phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, urea. One or several of them.
  • the amount of ammonia added depends on the pH of the molecular sieve slurry to maintain the pH of the molecular sieve slurry in the range of 6.5 to 9.0; oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, carbon dioxide, phosphoric acid, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid
  • the amount of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the ammonium phosphate, and the urea to be added depends on the amount of the IIIB element compound added, and the weight ratio of the above-mentioned precipitating agent: IIIB element compound (oxide) is 0.3 to 5:1.
  • the method for modifying a molecular sieve disclosed by the present invention wherein the dispersing agent is well known to those skilled in the art, and is a surfactant having both opposite properties of lipophilicity and hydrophilicity in the molecule, which is uniform. Disperse those that are difficult to dissolve in liquid
  • the solid particles of the body also prevent the sedimentation and agglomeration of the solid particles, forming the substances required for the stable suspension, and the dispersant does not react with the Group IIIB metal ions to form a precipitate.
  • the main function of the dispersant is to reduce the interfacial tension between liquid-liquid and solid-liquid, and the surfactant can also act as a dispersant.
  • the dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of a monohydric or dihydric alcohol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol, a cellulose derivative, a polyacrylamide and a derivative thereof, and a Gurga Or a variety.
  • the molar ratio of the dispersing agent to the IIIB metal ion is from 0.2 to 16:1.
  • the cellulose derivative is typically one or more of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. .
  • the monohydric or dihydric alcohol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms is known to those skilled in the chemical arts, for example, a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol having 2 carbon atoms is Ethanol, ethylene glycol, and a monohydric or dihydric alcohol having 3 carbon atoms are isopropanol, n-propanol, 1,3-dipropanol, and 1,2-dipropanol.
  • the present invention is preferably a monohydric or dihydric alcohol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; more preferably one or more of ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, butanol and methylpentanol.
  • the molecular sieve is preferably a molecular sieve after sodium reduction, that is, a molecular sieve having a low sodium content, and preferably has a Na 2 O content of not more than 2%.
  • the molecule is selected from one or more of Y-type molecular sieve, ⁇ molecular sieve, SAPO molecular sieve, ZSM molecular sieve, titanium silica molecular sieve; wherein Y-type molecular sieve is selected from USY, REUSY, REHY, HY, NH 4 Y, REY , phosphorus-containing Y molecular sieve.
  • the method for modifying the molecular sieve disclosed by the present invention, the metal ion solution containing the periodic table IIIB and the organic complexing agent and/or the dispersing agent and the precipitating agent, the metal ion solution of the periodic table IIIB, the organic network The order of addition of the mixture and/or dispersant, the precipitant, and the number of additions are not particularly limited. You can choose to do this in one of the following ways:
  • Method 3 after mixing the precipitant with the solution of the compound containing the metal ion of the periodic table IIIB, adding the organic complexing agent and/or dispersing agent, and stirring for at least 10 minutes to form a precipitate containing the IIIB element. ;
  • the cation exchange ion exchange, migration and exchange to the molecular sieve so that the charge of the molecular sieve is balanced, which can improve the molecular sieve activity and stabilize the crystal structure of the molecular sieve.
  • the other part exists in the form of independent phase (such as rare earth oxide, rare earth phosphate, etc.). It plays a role in resisting heavy metal pollution.
  • the purpose of regulating the distribution state of the IIIB element in the molecular sieve is controlled by controlling the different kinds and ratios of the IIIB element compounds in the periodic table of the molecular sieve solid-liquid mixed slurry and controlling the addition amount of the precipitating agent, the organic complexing agent and/or the dispersing agent. .
  • hydrothermal calcination under 100% steam atmosphere is more favorable for the migration of ions and Na + ions of the above IIIB element, and is more favorable for maintaining the crystal structure and unit cell shrinkage of the molecular sieve.
  • the IIIB element of the periodic table is in independent phase or independent phase/
  • the mixed phase form of the exchanged ions exists, that is, the IIIB element exists in the mixed phase state of the independent phase or the independent phase/exchanged ion outside the skeleton structure of the molecular sieve or inside the skeleton structure.
  • the molecular sieve prepared by the invention is more favorable for timely and effective contact between the contaminated heavy metal and the contaminated heavy metal passivating agent (IIIB element precipitate), avoiding uneven distribution of the catalyst microsphere passivation agent, and no micro-sphere or molecular sieve partial arrangement is passivated.
  • the agent can achieve the purpose of more effectively collecting heavy metals, and the molecular sieve prepared by the modification method of the invention also has excellent activity and stability when used for preparing the catalyst.
  • the invention also provides a catalytic cracking catalyst comprising a modified molecular sieve, which comprises an effective catalytic amount of the modified molecular sieve prepared according to the above modification method.
  • the "effective catalytic amount” as used in the present invention means the amount by which the modified molecular sieve in the catalyst plays a substantial role.
  • the modified molecular sieve-containing catalytic cracking catalyst disclosed in the present invention comprises 10 to 55% of the modified molecular sieve prepared according to the method of the present invention on a dry basis, and 10 to 80% by weight based on 100% by mass of the catalyst.
  • Clay on a dry basis, 0 to 40% of an inorganic oxide based on the oxide, and 5 to 40% of a binder based on the oxide.
  • a modified molecular sieve-containing catalytic cracking catalyst disclosed in the present invention contains 15 to 45% of modified molecular sieves on a dry basis and 20 to 65% of dry basis on a catalyst mass of 100%.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst containing the modified molecular sieve disclosed by the invention wherein in the preparation method of the modified molecular sieve, when the mixed slurry containing the precipitate of the IIIB element of the periodic table and the molecular sieve is obtained, the slurry is not subjected to any treatment, that is, It can be used to directly prepare a catalytic cracking catalyst; the slurry can also be treated to dry a mixed slurry containing a precipitate of element IIIB of the periodic table and molecular sieve with or without baking. Drying therein is a general technique in the art, such as filtration drying or spray drying.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst containing modified molecular sieves disclosed in the present invention wherein in the preparation method of the modified molecular sieve, the content of IIIB elements (in terms of oxides) in the periodic table of the molecular sieve is 0.5-20% by weight.
  • the inorganic oxide is not used as a binder, for example, the inorganic oxide is used in the form of solid fine powder for the gelation process of the catalyst.
  • the solid form is maintained during the gum process; the inorganic oxide is one or more of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia or mixtures thereof.
  • the alumina is selected from various forms of alumina and/or hydrated alumina, such as gamma alumina, eta alumina, ⁇ -alumina, boehmite, gibbsite One or more of Bayreite, except for pseudo-boehmite which is capable of acid-soluble, acid-soluble and bindery.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst containing modified molecular sieves disclosed in the invention wherein the binder is selected from one or more of commonly used binders in cracking catalysts, such as silica sol, aluminum sol, modified silica sol, One or more of a modified aluminum sol, an amorphous silica-alumina gel, and a pseudoboehmite, preferably pseudo-boehmite and/or aluminum sol.
  • the binder is selected from one or more of commonly used binders in cracking catalysts, such as silica sol, aluminum sol, modified silica sol, One or more of a modified aluminum sol, an amorphous silica-alumina gel, and a pseudoboehmite, preferably pseudo-boehmite and/or aluminum sol.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst containing the modified molecular sieve disclosed by the invention can be carried out according to the preparation method of the existing cracking catalyst, and the methods are all in CN02155601.6, CN00105235.7, CN200910092838.7, CN201110419922.2, CN02103907.0 A detailed description is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the preparation method of the modified molecular sieve-containing catalyst provided by the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the catalytic cracking catalyst containing the modified molecular sieve provided by the invention is: mixing the modified molecular sieve, the clay, the inorganic oxide and the binder, and spraying The resulting catalyst can be prepared by drying.
  • the various components of the catalytic cracking catalyst are mixed and beated in a plurality of ways, and each component can be separately formed into a separate material slurry and then mixed and beaten; or 2 to 3 components can be mixed and beaten, and then the remaining materials are prepared.
  • the slurry is formed into 2 to 1 strands, mixed and beaten, and prepared into a mixed slurry containing various components.
  • the preparation method of the modified molecular sieve-containing catalytic cracking catalyst disclosed by the invention comprises:
  • the molecular sieve slurry in the foregoing method is a molecular sieve slurry after sodium reduction;
  • step (2) mixing the modified molecular sieve, clay, inorganic oxide and binder obtained in the step (1), and spraying and drying.
  • a catalyst is available.
  • the preparation method of the modified molecular sieve-containing catalytic cracking catalyst disclosed in the present invention may also have the following alternatives, and the preparation method comprises:
  • the mixed slurry of the group IIIB-containing element precipitate and the molecular sieve is a molecular sieve slurry after sodium reduction;
  • the preparation method of the modified molecular sieve-containing catalytic cracking catalyst disclosed in the present invention further comprises the steps of calcination, washing, filtering and drying after spray drying, wherein the spray drying, roasting, washing, filtering and drying are carried out.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst containing the modified molecular sieve disclosed by the invention wherein the preparation method of the modified molecular sieve provides an appropriate reaction for depositing the IIIB element on the molecular sieve on the molecular periodic table by using an organic complexing agent and/or a dispersing agent.
  • the environment is favorable for forming the ultrafine particles of the IIIB element in the periodic table, reducing the particle size of the precipitate of the IIIB element, increasing the outer surface and the degree of dispersion of the precipitate, and depositing the IIIB element of the periodic table more uniformly on the molecular sieve.
  • the IIIB element in the periodic table exists in the form of a mixed phase of an independent phase or a separate phase/exchanged ion, that is, the IIIB element exists in the mixed phase state of the independent phase or the independent phase/exchanged ion outside the skeleton structure of the molecular sieve or inside the skeleton structure.
  • the catalyst prepared by the invention is more favorable for timely and effective contact between the contaminated heavy metal and the contaminated heavy metal passivating agent (IIIB element precipitate), avoiding uneven distribution of the catalyst microsphere passivation agent, and no micro-sphere or molecular sieve partial arrangement is passivated.
  • the agent can achieve the purpose of more effectively collecting heavy metals, and the catalyst prepared by the invention not only has excellent anti-heavy metal pollution performance, but also has excellent activity and stability.
  • Particle size analyzed by laser particle size analyzer.
  • Hydrochloric acid concentration 36%, chemical reagents.
  • the filter cake (798 g dry basis) was mixed with 102 g of cerium nitrate and 2.2 L of deionized water, stirred for 0.5 h, spray dried, and hydrothermally calcined in a roasting furnace under a 100% steam atmosphere at a calcination temperature of 600 ° C. Time is 2 hours.
  • the rare earth precipitates having a rare earth-containing precipitate slurry prepared by using Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1 were tested for particle size of the rare earth precipitates, and the results are shown in Table 1:
  • the precipitate slurry formed in the step (1) is added to the self-made Y-type zeolite-containing molecular sieve slurry Y-1, stirred at a temperature of 55 ° C for 10 minutes, filtered, washed with water, and the filter cake is at 600 ° C, 100% water vapor. It was baked in an atmosphere for 2 hours. A modified molecular sieve Z-1 was obtained.
  • step (3) The precipitate slurry formed in the step (2) is added to the molecular sieve slurry of the step (1), and stirring is continued for 40 minutes at a temperature of 35 ° C to obtain a modified molecular sieve Z-4 slurry, and the molecular sieve Z-4 slurry is spray dried. .
  • a modified molecular sieve Z-4 was obtained.
  • molecular sieve Z-6 500 g (dry basis) molecular sieve Z-6 was added to 1.0 L of deionized water and subjected to sanding treatment to obtain a molecular sieve slurry Z-6J.
  • the precipitate slurry formed in the step (1) is added to the self-made Y-type zeolite-containing molecular sieve slurry Y-1, stirred at a temperature of 55 ° C for 10 minutes, filtered, washed with water, and the filter cake is at 600 ° C, 100% water vapor. It was baked in an atmosphere for 2 hours. A comparative molecular sieve DZ-2 was obtained.
  • NH 4 Y molecular sieve is calcined at 600 ° C, 100% steam atmosphere for 1.5 hours to obtain ultra-stable Y molecular sieve.
  • a comparative molecular sieve DZ-8 was obtained.
  • the catalyst prepared by using the molecular sieve Z-2 prepared in the fourth embodiment of the invention as the active component has a 17h activity which is significantly higher than that of the comparative catalyst prepared by the preparation of the molecular sieve prepared in the comparative example 5.
  • the catalyst prepared by using the molecular sieve Z-5 prepared in Example 7 of the present invention as an active component has a 17h activity comparable to that of the comparative catalyst containing the molecular sieve prepared in Comparative Example 8 as compared with the molecular sieve DZ-7 prepared in Comparative Example 8.
  • the catalyst prepared by using the molecular sieve Z-5 prepared in Example 7 of the present invention as an active component the activity of the vanadium and nickel-contaminated catalyst after 6 hours of steam aging was higher than that of the comparative catalyst (the catalyst contained the comparative example 8).
  • the molecular sieve DZ-7 prepared by 3%, the activity retention rate R1 increased by 8 percentage points, indicating that the molecular sieve prepared by using the dispersant of the invention has higher activity stability than the molecular sieve prepared by the rare earth phosphate precipitation technique without dispersing agent. And resistance to vanadium and nickel pollution.
  • the molecular sieve Z-6 prepared by the method of the present invention 8 was used as an active component catalyst, and the vanadium and nickel pollution catalysts were subjected to steam aging for 6 hours.
  • the activity after the reaction was significantly higher than that of the comparative catalyst (the catalyst contained the molecular sieve DZ-9 prepared in Comparative Example 10) by 4 percentage points, and the activity retention rate R1 was increased by 9 percentage points, indicating that the molecular sieve prepared by using the complexing agent and the dispersing agent of the present invention is more than that.
  • the molecular sieve prepared by the prior art Chinese patent CN02103909.7 has higher activity stability and resistance to vanadium and nickel pollution.
  • the catalysts C-1 to C-6 and the catalysts DC-1 to DC-9 were used in the same manner.
  • the impregnation method is impregnated with 5000 ⁇ g/g V and 3000 ⁇ g/g Ni (relative to the catalyst), and the vanadium and nickel-contaminated catalyst is treated at 800°C and 100% steam for 6h to test the vanadium and nickel-contaminated catalyst for 6h water vapor.
  • the activity after aging, the test results are listed in Table 4:
  • Activity retention rate R1 vanadium, nickel contamination 6h water vapor aging activity / 17h water vapor aging activity ⁇ 100%.
  • the catalyst C-1 prepared in the third embodiment of the invention has a 17h activity which is significantly higher than that of the catalyst DC-1 prepared by using the comparative example 2, which is 3 percentage points higher; catalyst pollution After vanadium and nickel, the activity of the catalyst C-1 prepared in the third embodiment of the invention was significantly higher than that of the comparative catalyst (DC-1) after the steam aging of the vanadium and nickel-contaminated catalyst for 6 hours, and the activity retention rate R1 was improved. 10 percentage points, indicating that the catalyst containing precipitated ruthenium of the invention has higher activity stability and resistance to vanadium and nickel pollution.
  • the activity of the catalyst C-2 prepared in the fourth embodiment of the present invention was significantly higher than that of the comparative catalyst DC-4 prepared by using the comparative example 5, which was 9 percentage points higher;
  • the activity of the catalyst C-2 prepared in the fourth embodiment of the invention was significantly higher than that of the comparative catalyst (DC-4) after the steam aging of the vanadium and nickel-contaminated catalyst for 6 hours, and the activity retention rate was 16.
  • R1 is increased by 16%, indicating that the catalyst containing precipitated rare earth of the present invention has higher activity stability and resistance to vanadium and nickel contamination.
  • the catalyst C-3 prepared in the fifth embodiment of the present invention has a higher activity at 17 h higher than that of the comparative catalyst DC-5 prepared in Comparative Example 6, which is 4% higher; After contaminating vanadium and nickel, the catalyst C-3 prepared in Example 5 of the present invention has a significantly higher activity after steam aging of the vanadium and nickel-contaminated catalyst for 6 hours than the comparative catalyst (DC-5), and the activity retention ratio R1.
  • the increase of 10 percentage points indicates that the catalyst prepared by using the dispersant and the urea and ammonia water precipitating agent has higher activity stability and resistance to vanadium and nickel pollution than the catalyst prepared by only the ammonia water precipitation technology.
  • the catalyst C-4 prepared in the sixth embodiment of the invention has a 17h activity which is significantly higher than that of the catalyst DC-6 prepared by using the comparative example 7, which is 20% higher; After contaminating vanadium and nickel, the activity of the catalyst C-4 prepared in Example 6 of the present invention after vanadium and nickel-contaminated catalyst 6h was significantly higher than that of the comparative catalyst (DC-6) by 24%, and the activity retention rate R1 was The increase of 15% indicates that the catalyst prepared by the invention has higher activity stability and resistance to vanadium and nickel pollution than the catalyst without precipitated rare earth.
  • the catalyst C-5 prepared in the seventh embodiment of the present invention has a 17h activity comparable to that of the comparative catalyst DC-7; after the catalyst contaminates vanadium and nickel, the embodiment of the present invention 7
  • the prepared catalyst C-5, the activity of vanadium and nickel-contaminated catalyst after 6 hours of steam aging was higher than that of the comparative catalyst (DC-7) by 4 percentage points, and the activity retention rate R1 was increased by 8 percentage points, indicating that the present invention uses a dispersant.
  • the prepared catalyst has higher activity stability and resistance to vanadium and nickel pollution than the catalyst prepared by the rare earth phosphate precipitation technique without using a dispersing agent.

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Abstract

一种涉及分子筛的改性方法及含分子筛的催化裂化催化剂。该方法包括:含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子的溶液与有机络合剂和/或分散剂、沉淀剂混合,搅拌,形成含ⅢB元素沉淀物的悬浮液;将所得的沉淀物与分子筛浆液混合,搅拌,得到含ⅢB元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液,喷雾干燥、经过或不经过焙烧,得到改性分子筛;该催化剂以催化剂质量为100%计算,含有10~55%以干基计的改性分子筛、10~80%以干基计的粘土、0~40%以氧化物计的无机氧化物和5~40%以氧化物计的粘结剂。该催化剂具有优良的活性稳定性和抗重金属污染性能。

Description

分子筛的改性方法及含分子筛的催化裂化催化剂
本案要求2015年08月05日提交的中国申请号为:201510474678.8,发明名称为:一种分子筛的改性方法,及2015年08月05日提交的中国申请号为:201510475247.3,发明名称为:含改性分子筛的催化剂及其制备方法的优先权,其所记载的全部内容并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及催化材料的制备方法及含该催化材料的催化剂,特别是涉及一种具有优良的活性稳定性和抗重金属污染性能的催化裂化催化剂。
背景技术
原油重质化、劣质化程度日益加剧,高效加工重油、掺炼渣油成为炼油企业提高加工能力、获取更高利润的迫切需求。催化裂化是重油加工最重要的工艺,由于其重油转化效率高、产品质量好、非临氢及操作压力低等显著优势,使其在炼厂加工重油工艺中占有举足轻重的地位,是炼油厂利润的主要来源。据统计,目前全世界催化裂化装置共有420套左右,单套催化裂化装置规模最大已达1000万吨/年,总加工能力约7.37亿吨,居二次加工的首位。
由于重油和渣油中含有胶质、沥青质等容易产生焦炭的大分子化合物,而且含有重金属镍、钒等,导致催化裂化平衡催化剂上镍钒含量在10000μg/g已比较常见,而高达15000μg/g的重度污染也不罕见,钒在催化裂化高温水热环境下严重破坏催化剂中的活性组分分子筛的结构,造成催化剂活性降低,使催化裂化产品分布变差。因此,需要开发具有优良的活性、水热稳定性和抗重金属污染的分子筛催化剂,以满足重油、渣油裂化对催化剂性能的严格要求。
为了提高催化剂的活性和稳定性,现有技术中一般采用稀土或磷对分子筛进行改性处理,如中国专利CN1169717C公开了一种Y沸石用稀土离子进行改性的方法和产品,该方法用NaY分子筛为原料,先经铵交换,然后进行水热处理,再用含H+、NH4 +和RE3+的溶液处理后,经洗涤、干燥、焙烧,得到改性分子筛产品。中国专利CN1111136 C公开了一种含磷和稀土的Y型分子筛的制备方法,是将NaY分子筛先用铵离子和稀土离子交换,进行焙烧,再与磷化合物反应结合上1~10重量%的P2O5,再进行焙烧得到。中国专利CN1209288 C公开了一种含磷和稀土的八面沸石的制备方法,是将八面沸石先用铵化合物和磷化合物进行一次交换反应后,然后在交换浆液中引入稀土溶液进一步反应,经过滤、洗涤,再进行焙烧得到。含该沸石的催化剂活性稳定性好,汽油收率高,焦炭产率低,重油裂化能力和抗重金属污染能力强。中国专利CN1026225 C公开了一种稀土Y分子筛的制备方法,是将NaY分子筛与稀土离子在水溶液中进行离子交换后,过滤,滤饼在流动的水蒸汽中进行焙烧得到。中国专利CN1069553 C公开了一种制备稀土Y型分子筛的方法,是将NaY分子筛与稀土离子进行离子交换后,过滤,滤饼再进行焙烧,焙烧后的产物的1~40%循环返回下一批稀土交换浆液中继续上面所述的操作,其余作为REY分子筛产品用于制备催化剂,如此连续进行,得到稀土Y型分子筛。中国专利CN103058217 A公开了一种含稀土的Y分子筛的制备方法,该方法用NaY分子筛为原料, 先经铵交换,然后进行水热处理,再用含H+、NH4 +、RE3+和有机溶剂的混合溶液处理后,母液分离、滤饼焙烧,得到改性分子筛产品。中国专利CN1159101 C公开了一种含稀土超稳Y沸石的制备方法,该方法将氧化钠含量为3~5重量%的超稳Y沸石与一种稀土化合物溶液混合,制成一种浆液,将得到的浆液在剪应力至少10公斤/厘米2的条件下研磨至少1分钟,得到改性分子筛产品。该方法制备的沸石具有高的水热稳定性、抗钠及抗重金属污染的能力。
CN99105792.9公开了一种含稀土的分子筛及其制备方法,其制备方法包括在25~120℃,将一种以氧化物计,含稀土0.1~40重量%的稀土型分子筛与一种含(Ⅰ)中的至少一种物质和(Ⅱ)中的至少一种物质的溶液接触至少0.1小时;(Ⅰ)包括无机酸、无机碱、有机酸或能与铝形成络合物的试剂,(Ⅱ)包括可溶性铵盐、有机酸盐及胺、醇、醛、酮;所述溶液的pH值为3~12。该方法分子筛上首先负载了稀土,之后才与含(Ⅰ)中的至少一种物质和(Ⅱ)中的至少一种物质处理,其目的是为了得到骨架稀土分子筛,其稀土存在于分子筛的骨架上,取代了分子筛骨架上的部分阳离子。
CN200510114495.1公开了一种提高超稳Y型沸石稀土含量的方法,该方法包括:将超稳Y型沸石和浓度为0.01~2N的酸溶液以液固比4~20的比例在20~100℃的温度范围下充分混合,处理10~300分钟后洗涤、过滤,再加入稀土盐溶液进行稀土离子交换,交换后洗涤、过滤、干燥,得到孔道通畅、稀土含量显著提高的稀土超稳Y型沸石。该方法首先采用酸溶液清理Y型沸石孔道,过滤后,沸石分子筛进行稀土交换,其目的是为了提高分子筛中的稀土含量,其稀土存在于分子筛的骨架上,取代了分子筛骨架上的部分阳离子。
中国专利CN02103909.7公开了一种用于重油催化裂化的、含抗钒组分的新型稀土超稳Y分子筛制备方法,是以NaY型分子筛为原料,化学脱铝络合剂中含有草酸或草酸盐及其混合物,同时在化学脱铝反应后期引入稀土离子,形成稀土沉淀,再经过水热处理,即可实现超稳化及引入稀土离子和独立相氧化稀土的目的。该方法首先采用化学脱铝络合剂(草酸和/或草酸盐)处理分子筛,使分子筛脱铝,然后采用稀土与络合剂形成包含草酸稀土的稀土沉淀物,该方法中,化学脱铝络合剂(草酸和/或草酸盐)能够与分子筛中的铝络合,但不能够与稀土络合,且该方法所形成的稀土沉淀物颗粒大,在分子筛中的分布不够均匀,因此抗重金属效果相对差。
CN200610087535.2公开了一种REY分子筛的制备方法,将NaY分子筛与含稀土离子的水溶液接触交换,与外加沉淀剂接触使部分稀土沉淀在分子筛上,再进行水热处理,最后与铵盐水溶液接触,其中的沉淀剂为可溶碳酸盐水溶液或碱性水溶液。该制备方法的实质是通过稀土交换和铵盐交换去除NaY分子筛中的Na+含量,同时引入稀土离子;该制备先将分子筛进行稀土交换,之后采用外加沉淀剂使部分稀土沉淀在分子筛上,之后分子筛过滤、洗涤,滤饼再进行水热处理,铵交换。在制备过程中,稀土主要以离子交换的形式负载到分子筛上,部分没有交换到分子筛上的稀土与沉淀剂作用沉淀下来,采用这种沉淀法制备的含稀土的Y型分子筛,虽然形成了稀土的沉淀物,含有独立相的稀土,但稀土沉淀物的颗粒较大,不利于均匀 分散在分子筛表面,也不利于与重金属有效接触、及时捕集重金属,因此其抗重金属污染的能力不足。同时,由于其原料为NaY,稀土交换后的过滤、洗涤、水热处理、铵交换降钠过程也会导致稀土的利用率大大降低。
催化裂化过程中,原料油中的重金属镍、钒等不断沉积在催化剂上,其中,沉积在催化剂上的钒在再生器的有氧、高温和水汽环境下,形成钒酸,破坏催化剂中的活性组分—分子筛的结构,造成分子筛晶体结构的崩塌和分子筛的失活。沉积在催化剂上的重金属镍,会作为脱氢活性中心参与反应过程,使催化裂化反应选择性变差、产生更多的焦炭和干气。因此,需要将镍、钒等及时捕获、钝化,使之转化为稳定的、惰性的化合物,从而达到提高分子筛的抗重金属污染的目的。已经发现,稀土离子与分子筛的钠等阳离子发生离子交换,迁移进入分子筛,起到提高分子筛活性和稳定性的作用,但离子交换后的稀土一旦与钒接触,容易脱离分子筛的骨架结构,形成钒酸稀土,反而使分子筛的结构稳定性变差;而以独立相形式存在的稀土,由于存在位置和存在状态的不同,可用于催化裂化反应过程中捕集重金属,起到抗重金属的作用。因此上述采用稀土离子交换制备的稀土分子筛,不含独立相的稀土,因此其抗重金属污染的能力不足。
采用沉淀法制备的含稀土的Y型分子筛,即使形成了稀土的沉淀物,含有独立相的稀土,但稀土沉淀物的颗粒较大,不利于均匀分散在分子筛表面,也不利于与重金属有效接触、及时捕集重金属。因此,为了满足分子筛催化剂对活性稳定性和抗重金属污染能力的要求,尽管有了近来的分子筛催化剂制备技术,但仍需要具有优良的活性稳定性和抗重金属污染的催化剂制备新技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种分子筛的改性方法,由该方法所制备的分子筛具有优良的活性稳定性和抗重金属污染性能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供由所述改性方法制备得到的改性分子筛。
本发明的再一目的在于提供含由所述方法制备的改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,所制备的分子筛具有优良的活性稳定性和抗重金属污染性能,从而使催化裂化催化剂具有良好抗重金属污染性能,同时具备较好的活性和稳定性。
本发明所公开的一种分子筛的改性方法,所述方法包括:分子筛的改性方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子的溶液与有机络合剂和/或分散剂、沉淀剂混合,搅拌,形成含有ⅢB族元素沉淀物的悬浮液;将含ⅢB族元素沉淀物的悬浮液与分子筛浆液混合,得到含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液,喷雾干燥,经过或不经过焙烧,得到经过ⅢB族元素改性的分子筛;
其中,以氧化物计的ⅢB族元素与分子筛干基的重量比为0.3~10:100,所述的有机络合剂与ⅢB族金属离子的摩尔比为0.3~10:1,所述分散剂与金属离子的摩尔比为0.2~16:1。
本发明所公开的一种分子筛的改性方法,所述方法包括:将含元素周期表ⅢB金属离子溶 液与有机络合剂和/或分散剂、沉淀剂混合,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含有ⅢB元素沉淀物的悬浮液;将含ⅢB元素沉淀物的悬浮液与分子筛浆液混合,优选地,该分子筛浆液为降钠后的分子筛浆液,温度5~100℃下,优选5~60℃,更好优选在5~40℃,搅拌至少10分钟,优选10分钟~40分钟,得到含ⅢB元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液,经过滤或不过滤、喷雾干燥,经过或不经过焙烧,得到经过ⅢB元素改性的分子筛,其中ⅢB元素以氧化物计与分子筛干基的重量比为0.3~10:100,优选0.3~8:100,所述的有机络合剂与ⅢB金属离子的摩尔比为0.3~10:1,优选0.5~6:1,更优选1.0~4:1,所述分散剂与ⅢB金属离子的摩尔比为0.2~16:1,优选1~11:1,更优选2~7:1。
本发明所述含元素周期表ⅢB金属离子溶液可将含元素周期表ⅢB元素的化合物溶解于水或酸中形成。
本发明所公开的一种分子筛的改性方法,其中所述的ⅢB元素选自钪、钇、镧系稀土元素中的一种或多种。所述的镧系稀土包括镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥中一种或多种,例如可以是各种稀土元素的混合物,或高纯度单种稀土,常用的为富镧稀土、富铈稀土、纯镧或纯铈。含ⅢB元素的化合物选自可溶于水或酸的ⅢB元素的卤化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氧化物、氢氧化物的化合物中的一种或多种。以氧化物计的ⅢB元素沉淀物与分子筛干基的重量比为0.3~10:100。
本发明所公开的分子筛的改性方法,所述的沉淀剂是指在化学沉淀反应中,能够与体系中的ⅢB族金属离子发生化学反应,并且使其生成物在体系中微溶或不溶物质。因此沉淀剂的种类和加入量为本领域技术人员所公知,能够提供或产生氢氧根离子(OH-)、碳酸根离子(CO3 2-)、碳酸氢根离子(HCO3 -)、磷酸根离子(PO4 3-)、磷酸氢根离子(HPO4 2-)、磷酸二氢根离子(H2PO4 -)、草酸根离子(C2O4 2-)的化合物中的一种或多种均可以作为本发明的沉淀剂,其加入量满足沉淀反应中的物质摩尔配比即可。
本发明所公开的分子筛的改性方法,其中所述的沉淀剂优选草酸、草酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、二氧化碳、氨水、磷酸、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸铵、尿素中的一种或几种。所述的氨水加入量视分子筛浆液的pH值而定,使分子筛浆液pH值保持在6.5~9.0范围内;草酸、草酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、二氧化碳、磷酸、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸铵、尿素的加入量视ⅢB元素化合物的加入量而定,使上述沉淀剂:ⅢB元素的化合物(氧化物计)的重量比=0.3~5:1。
本发明所公开的分子筛的改性方法,其中所述的有机络合剂选自甲酸、乙酸、己二酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、苯甲酸、乙二胺四乙酸、水杨酸以及上述酸的盐、以及乙酰丙酮、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种,优选柠檬酸、柠檬酸铵、柠檬酸二氢铵、柠檬酸氢二铵、EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)中的一种或多种。所述的有机络合剂与ⅢB金属离子的摩尔比为0.3~10:1。
本发明所公开的分子筛的改性方法,其中所述的分散剂为本领域技术人员所公知,是一种在分子内同时具有亲油性和亲水性两种相反性质的界面活性剂,可均一分散那些难于溶解于液 体的固体颗粒,同时也能防止固体颗粒的沉降和凝聚,形成安定悬浮液所需的物质,且分散剂不会与ⅢB族金属离子作用形成沉淀。分散剂的主要作用是降低液-液和固-液间的界面张力,表面活性剂也可作为分散剂。优选地,所述的分散剂选自碳原子数为2~8的一元醇或二元醇、聚乙二醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、古尔胶中的一种或多种。所述的分散剂与ⅢB金属离子的摩尔比为0.2~16:1。
本发明所公开的分子筛的改性方法,所述的纤维素衍生物典型的为羟甲基纤维素钠、甲基羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素中的一种或多种。
本发明所公开的分子筛的改性方法,所述的碳原子数为2~8的一元醇或二元醇为化学领域技术人员所公知,例如:碳原子数为2的一元醇或多元醇为乙醇、乙二醇,碳原子数为3的一元醇或二元醇为异丙醇、正丙醇、1,3-二丙醇、1,2-二丙醇。本发明优选碳原子数为2~5的一元醇或二元醇;更优选乙醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、丁醇、甲基戊醇中的一种或多种。
本发明所公开的分子筛的改性方法,所述的分子筛优选为降钠后的分子筛,即低钠含量的分子筛,优选Na2O质量含量不大于2%。降低分子筛氧化钠含量技术为本领域技术人员所公知,典型的为经铵盐离子交换降钠处理,所述的铵盐选自硫酸铵、硫酸氢铵、硝酸铵、氯化铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵中的一种或多种,铵盐主要用于交换分子筛上的钠,使经过交换后的分子筛具有酸催化活性。所述的分子筛选自Y型分子筛、β分子筛、SAPO分子筛、ZSM分子筛、钛硅分子筛中的一种或几种;其中Y型分子筛,选自USY、REUSY、REHY、HY、NH4Y、REY、含磷Y分子筛。
本发明所公开的分子筛的改性方法,所述的含元素周期表ⅢB金属离子溶液与有机络合剂和/或分散剂、沉淀剂混合过程中,含元素周期表ⅢB金属离子溶液、有机络合剂和/或分散剂、沉淀剂的加入顺序、加入次数无特别限制。可以选择通过下述的之一方式实现:
方式1,将所述含元素周期表ⅢB金属离子溶液与所述有机络合剂和/或分散剂混合均匀后,再加入沉淀剂,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含ⅢB元素沉淀物;
方式2,将所述沉淀剂与所述有机络合剂和/或分散剂混合均匀后,再加入所述含元素周期表ⅢB金属离子的化合物的溶液,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含ⅢB元素沉淀物;
方式3,将所述沉淀剂与所述含元素周期表ⅢB金属离子的化合物的溶液混合后,再加入所述有机络合剂和/或分散剂,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含ⅢB元素沉淀物;
方式4,将所述含元素周期表ⅢB金属离子溶液与所述有机络合剂和/或分散剂、所述沉淀剂同时加入混合,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含ⅢB元素沉淀物。这些形成沉淀物的方式中,以方式1和方式2形成沉淀物的粒度最小,方案最优。有机络合剂和/或分散剂起到分散作用,其主要作用在于降低元素周期表中ⅢB元素沉淀物的颗粒大小;沉淀剂主要用于沉淀元素周期表中的ⅢB元素。有机络合剂、沉淀剂可以直接使用,或溶解于水中,形成溶液后使用。
本发明所公开的一种分子筛的改性方法,所述的得到含有元素周期表中ⅢB元素的沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥之前,可以对混合浆液过滤,也可以不过滤。干燥 后经过或不经过焙烧,得到经过ⅢB元素改性分子筛。
本发明所公开的一种分子筛的改性方法,所述的含ⅢB元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液,经过滤或不过滤、喷雾干燥,经过或不经过焙烧,得到经过ⅢB元素改性的分子筛,其中的喷雾干燥为催化剂制备中的常用技术,喷雾干燥后优选经过焙烧,在焙烧过程中形成了对元素周期表中ⅢB元素的沉淀物的高温处理,少部分ⅢB元素与分子筛上的钠等阳离子发生离子交换,迁移交换到分子筛上去,使分子筛的电荷得到平衡,可以起到提高分子筛活性和稳定分子筛晶体结构的目的,另外的大部分以独立相(如氧化稀土、磷酸稀土等)形式存在,起到抗重金属污染的作用。通过控制分子筛固液混合浆液中的元素周期表中ⅢB元素化合物的不同种类、比例以及控制沉淀剂、有机络合剂和/或分散剂的加入量,达到调节分子筛中ⅢB元素的分布状态的目的。可根据对分子筛活性、稳定性以及抗重金属污染的实际需要,调节以离子形式和以独立相形式存在的ⅢB元素的比例。所述的焙烧是在10%~100%水蒸汽气氛下进行的,焙烧温度450~700℃,焙烧时间0.5~4小时。焙烧过程中,存在脱铝和硅迁移,使得分子筛骨架上的Si-O-Al被Si-O-Si所代替,由于Si原子(直径为0.082nm)比Al原子(直径为0.1nm)小,键长变短(Si-O键长0.161nm,Al-O键长0.174nm),晶胞收缩,分子筛结构稳定性提高。焙烧过程中,也同时伴随着离子迁移,其中,ⅢB元素的离子迁移到Y型分子筛方钠石笼中的SⅠ和SⅡ位置,起到稳定分子筛晶体结构和提供酸活性中心的作用,方钠石笼中的Na+离子则迁移到超笼中,在后续的离子交换过程中脱离分子筛。与单纯的高温焙烧相比,在100%水蒸汽气氛下进行水热焙烧,更有利于上述ⅢB元素的离子和Na+离子的迁移,也更有利于保持分子筛的晶体结构和晶胞收缩。
本发明所述的分子筛的改性方法,其中所述的分子筛中元素周期表中ⅢB元素含量(以氧化物计)为0.5~20重量%。
本发明公开的分子筛的改性方法,通过选用有机络合剂和/或分散剂,为元素周期表中ⅢB元素沉积在分子筛上提供适宜的反应环境,有利于形成元素周期表中ⅢB元素的超微粒,降低ⅢB元素沉淀物的颗粒度,增大沉淀物的外表面和分散程度,将元素周期表中ⅢB元素更均匀地沉积在分子筛上,元素周期表中ⅢB元素以独立相或独立相/交换离子的混合相态形式存在,即ⅢB元素以独立相或独立相/交换离子的混合相态形式存在于分子筛的骨架结构外面或骨架结构内部。本发明所制备的分子筛更有利于使污染重金属与污染重金属钝化剂(ⅢB元素沉淀物)及时、有效地接触,避免催化剂微球钝化剂分布不均匀、微球或分子筛局部没有布置钝化剂,从而达到更有效地捕集重金属的目的,同时采用本发明改性方法制备的分子筛用于催化剂的制备时也会具有优良的活性、稳定性。
本发明还提供一种改性分子筛,其是根据本发明前述方法制备得到的。
本发明还提供一种含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,其含有有效催化量的根据前述的改性方法制备得到的改性分子筛。本发明所述“有效催化量”是指该催化剂中所述改性的分子筛起到实质作用的量。
本发明还公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,以催化剂质量为100%计,含有10~55%的以干基计的根据本发明前述方法制备得到的改性分子筛、10~80%的以干基计的粘土、0~40%的以氧化物计的无机氧化物和5~40%以氧化物计的粘结剂。
优选的,本发明所公开的一种含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,以催化剂质量为100%计,含有15~45%的以干基计的改性分子筛、20~65%的以干基计的粘土、5~25%的以氧化物计的无机氧化物和5~30%以氧化物计的粘结剂。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,其中改性分子筛的制备方法中,当得到含有元素周期表中ⅢB元素的沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液,不用对该浆液进行任何处理,即可用于直接制备催化裂化催化剂;也可对该浆液进行处理,将含有元素周期表中ⅢB元素的沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液干燥,经过或不经过焙烧。其中的干燥为本领域的通用技术,例如可以过滤干燥或喷雾干燥。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,其中改性分子筛的制备方法中,所述的分子筛中元素周期表中ⅢB元素含量(以氧化物计)为0.5~20重量%。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,所述的无机氧化物不作为粘结剂使用,例如所述的无机氧化物以固体细粉的形式用于催化剂的成胶过程,在成胶过程中保持固体形态;所述的无机氧化物为氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锆或其混合物中的一种或多种。所述氧化铝选自各种形态的氧化铝和/或水合氧化铝,例如γ-氧化铝、η-氧化铝、θ-氧化铝、一水铝石(Boehmite)、三水铝石(Gibbsite),拜耳石(Bayreite)中的一种或多种,但能够酸溶、酸溶后有粘结剂作用的拟薄水铝石除外。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,所述的粘结剂选自裂化催化剂中常用的粘结剂中的一种或多种,例如硅溶胶、铝溶胶、改性硅溶胶、改性铝溶胶、无定形硅铝凝胶、拟薄水铝石中的一种或多种,优选拟薄水铝石和/或铝溶胶。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,可按照现有裂化催化剂的制备方法进行,这些方法在CN02155601.6、CN00105235.7、CN200910092838.7、CN201110419922.2、CN02103907.0中都有详尽的描述,这里一并作为参考引用。本发明提供的含改性分子筛的催化剂的制备方法为:本发明提供的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂的制备方法为:将改性分子筛、粘土、无机氧化物、粘结剂混合打浆,喷雾干燥,即可制备所得的催化剂。将催化裂化催化剂的各个组分混合打浆,其方式多种,可以将各个组分分别形成单独的物料浆液然后混合打浆;也可以将2~3种组分混合后打浆,再将剩余的物料制成2~1股物料浆液,混合打浆,制备成含有多种组分的混合浆液。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,包括:
(1)根据本发明前述方法制备改性分子筛;优选地,前述方法中所述分子筛浆液为降钠后的分子筛浆液;
(2)将步骤(1)所得改性分子筛、粘土、无机氧化物、粘结剂混合打浆,喷雾干燥,制 备得到催化剂。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,也可以有如下的替代方案,该制备方法包括:
(1)制备本发明前述方法中的所述含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液;优选的,该含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液为降钠后的分子筛浆液;
(2)将步骤(1)所得含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液、粘土、无机氧化物、粘结剂混合打浆,喷雾干燥,制备得到催化剂。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,其制备步骤还包括喷雾干燥后的焙烧、洗涤、过滤、干燥的步骤,所述喷雾干燥、焙烧、洗涤、过滤、干燥为现有技术,本发明没有特别要求。
本发明催化剂适用于重油催化裂化,尤其适用于重金属钒含量高的重油催化裂化。所述重油例如常压渣油、减压渣油、减压瓦斯油、常压瓦斯油、脱沥青油和焦化瓦斯油中的一种或多种。
本发明所公开的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,其中改性分子筛的制备方法中,通过选用有机络合剂和/或分散剂,为元素周期表中ⅢB元素沉积在分子筛上提供适宜的反应环境,有利于形成元素周期表中ⅢB元素的超微粒,降低ⅢB元素沉淀物的颗粒度,增大沉淀物的外表面和分散程度,将元素周期表中ⅢB元素更均匀地沉积在分子筛上,元素周期表中ⅢB元素以独立相或独立相/交换离子的混合相态形式存在,即ⅢB元素以独立相或独立相/交换离子的混合相态形式存在于分子筛的骨架结构外面或骨架结构内部。本发明所制备的催化剂更有利于使污染重金属与污染重金属钝化剂(ⅢB元素沉淀物)及时、有效地接触,避免催化剂微球钝化剂分布不均匀、微球或分子筛局部没有布置钝化剂,从而达到更有效地捕集重金属的目的,同时采用本发明制备的催化剂不仅具有优良的抗重金属污染性能,也具有优良的活性、稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面进一步用实施例说明本发明,但本发明并不仅限于这些例子。
(一)实施例中所用的分析测试方法
1.氧化钠、氧化钇、稀土含量:采用X荧光法分析。
2.分子筛的结晶度、晶胞常数:采用X射线衍射法分析。
3.粒度:采用激光粒度仪法分析。
4.催化剂的活性测定:在华阳公司生产的CSA-B型催化剂评定装置上进行。催化剂预先在800℃、100%水蒸气条件下老化6h或17h后,采用大港轻柴油为原料进行活性测定,反应温度460℃,反应时间70s,催化剂装量5.0g,剂油比3.2:1。
(二)实施例中所用原料规格
1.NaY分子筛、REUSY分子筛(RE2O3含量4.02%,Na2O含量1.24%)、NH4Y分子筛(Na2O含量1.68%,曾经经过一次水热焙烧)、ZSM-5分子筛(Na2O含量0.10%)、高岭土(灼减18.6%) 或高岭土(灼减14.6%),硅藻土(灼减15.4%),铝溶胶(含氧化铝21.2重%)或铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),拟薄水铝石(灼减31.8%),薄水铝石(灼减17.0%),氧化硅(白炭黑,灼减9.91%),氨水(浓度18%),硝酸稀土(RE2O3 230.5g/L):均为工业品,采自兰州石化公司催化剂厂。
2.硫酸铵、柠檬酸、柠檬酸铵、乙二醇、乙醇、甲基羟乙基纤维素、草酸铵、乙二胺四乙酸、尿素、磷酸氢二铵、硝酸镧、硝酸铈、硝酸钇:均为化学试剂。
3.盐酸:浓度36%,化学试剂。
4.自制的含钇Y型分子筛浆液Y-1:该分子筛浆液的制备通过如下过程制备:(1)将1000g NaY分子筛(干基)加入7L去离子水中,搅拌状态下,加入350g硫酸铵,用盐酸调节浆液pH值3.4,85℃下搅拌1h,之后过滤、洗涤,得到滤饼。将滤饼(干基计798g)与102g硝酸钇、2.2L去离子水混合,搅拌0.5h,喷雾干燥,在焙烧炉中在100%水蒸汽气氛下进行水热焙烧,焙烧温度600℃,焙烧时间2小时。(2)将步骤(1)所得的分子筛、硫酸铵及水按照分子筛(干基):铵盐:水=1:0.3:5的重量比混合,形成浆液,在75℃、pH=3.5条件下搅拌1小时,即得到自制的含钇Y型分子筛浆液Y-1。
实施例1
将2g柠檬酸、2.48mL硝酸稀土和75mL去离子水混合,形成均匀的溶液,再加入2g草酸铵,搅拌15分钟,形成含稀土的沉淀物浆液CD-1。
实施例2
将2g乙醇、2.48mL硝酸稀土和75mL去离子水混合,形成均匀的溶液,再加入2g草酸铵,搅拌15分钟,形成含稀土的沉淀物浆液CD-2。
对比例1
将2.48mL硝酸稀土和75mL去离子水混合,形成均匀的溶液,再加入2g草酸铵,搅拌15分钟,形成含稀土的沉淀物浆液DCD-1
分别对采用实施例1、2和对比例1制备的含稀土的沉淀物浆液CD-1、CD-2、DCD-1测试稀土沉淀的粒度,结果列于表1:
表1 稀土沉淀的粒度
Figure PCTCN2016093194-appb-000001
表1结果表明,与采用对比例1制备的含稀土的沉淀物DCD-1相比,采用实施例1、2制备的含稀土的沉淀物CD-1、CD-2粒度变小,说明本发明有机络合剂、分散剂能够有效降低稀土与沉淀剂反应所形成的沉淀物的颗粒大小。
实施例3
(1)将16g柠檬酸、4g乙二醇、54g硝酸钇和1L去离子水混合,形成均匀的溶液,再加入100g草酸铵,搅拌15分钟,形成含钇的沉淀物浆液。
(2)将步骤(1)形成的沉淀物浆液加入自制的含钇Y型分子筛浆液Y-1中,在温度55℃下搅拌10分钟,过滤,水洗,滤饼在600℃、100%水蒸汽气氛下焙烧2小时。得到改性分子筛Z-1。
将600g(干基)分子筛Z-1加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液Z-1J。将619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%)、1499g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、2.2L水混合打浆,之后加入分子筛浆液Z-1J,继续搅拌30min,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到本发明催化剂C-1。
实施例4
(1)将782g(干基计)REUSY分子筛、16g(干基计)ZSM-5分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:3的重量比混合,形成分子筛浆液。
(2)在0.8L去离子水中加入110g乙二胺四乙酸、104mL硝酸稀土,形成溶液,加入氨水调节混合浆液的pH值在7.5~8.0范围内,再加入23g乙醇,室温(25℃)下搅拌30分钟,形成含稀土沉淀物的浆液。
(3)将步骤(2)形成的沉淀物浆液加入步骤(1)的分子筛浆液中,室温(25℃)下搅拌15分钟,过滤、洗涤,滤饼在200℃干燥。得到改性分子筛Z-2。
将600g(干基)分子筛Z-2加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液Z-2J。将619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%)、1513g硅藻土、2.2L水混合打浆,之后加入分子筛浆液Z-2J,继续搅拌30min,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到本发明催化剂C-2。
实施例5
(1)将798g(干基计)REUSY分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:3的重量比混合,形成分子筛浆液。
(2)在0.8L去离子水中加入155g尿素、85g硝酸镧,搅拌,用氨水调节分子筛浆液的pH值在6.5~7.0范围内,再加入14g乙二醇,室温(25℃)下继续搅拌1.5小时,形成含稀土沉淀物的浆液。
(3)将步骤(2)形成的沉淀物浆液加入步骤(1)的分子筛浆液中,室温(25℃)下搅拌15分钟,混合浆液在250℃干燥。得到改性分子筛Z-3。
将600g(干基)分子筛Z-3加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液Z-3J。将1054g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、587g拟薄水铝石、2.2L水混合打浆,加入60mL盐酸,搅拌1小时,然后加入分子筛浆液Z-3J,搅拌15min,再加入515g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到本发明催化剂C-3。
实施例6
(1)将798g(干基计)NH4Y分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:5的重量比混合,形成浆液。
(2)在0.6L去离子水中加入40g柠檬酸铵、277mL硝酸稀土,用氨水调节分子筛浆液的pH值在8.0~9.0范围内,温度35℃下搅拌30分钟,形成含稀土沉淀物的浆液。
(3)将步骤(2)形成的沉淀物浆液加入步骤(1)的分子筛浆液中,温度35℃下继续搅拌40分钟,得到改性分子筛Z-4浆液,将该分子筛Z-4浆液喷雾干燥。得到改性分子筛Z-4。
将1030g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、440g拟薄水铝石、120g薄水铝石、2.2L水混合打浆,加入33mL盐酸,搅拌1小时,然后加入600g(干基)分子筛Z-4浆液,搅拌15min,再加入619g铝溶胶,继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到本发明催化剂C-4。
实施例7
(1)将798g(干基计)NH4Y分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:3.5的重量比混合,形成浆液。
(2)在0.4L去离子水中加入70g磷酸氢二铵、64g硝酸铈,温度15℃下搅拌10分钟,再加入30g乙二醇、15g乙醇,搅拌20分钟,形成含稀土沉淀物的浆液。
(3)将步骤(2)形成的沉淀物浆液与步骤(1)的分子筛浆液混合,温度15℃下搅拌25分钟,喷雾干燥,所得分子筛在焙烧炉中在100%水蒸汽气氛下进行水热焙烧,焙烧温度550℃,焙烧时间2.5小时。得到改性分子筛Z-5。
将600g(干基)分子筛Z-5加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液Z-5J。将738g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、220g拟薄水铝石、1.5L水混合打浆,加入19mL盐酸,搅拌1小时,然后加入分子筛浆液Z-5J,搅拌25min,再加入619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到本发明催化剂C-5。
实施例8
(1)将798g(干基计)NH4Y分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:5的重量比混合,形成浆液。
(2)在0.7L去离子水中加入69.2mL硝酸稀土,16g柠檬酸、3g甲基羟乙基纤维素,温度25℃下搅拌15分钟,再加入64g草酸铵,继续搅拌15分钟,形成含稀土沉淀物的浆液。
(3)将步骤(2)形成的沉淀物浆液与步骤(1)的分子筛浆液混合,搅拌15分钟,干燥,所得含水的分子筛在焙烧炉中在100%水蒸汽气氛下进行水热焙烧,焙烧温度650℃,焙烧时间2小时。得到改性分子筛Z-6。
500g(干基)分子筛Z-6加入1.0L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液Z-6J。将867g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、587g拟薄水铝石、222g氧化硅、2.0L水混合打浆,加入50mL盐酸,搅拌0.5小时,然后加入分子筛浆液Z-6J,搅拌25min,再加入870g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到本发明催 化剂C-6。
对比例2
(1)将16g柠檬酸、4g乙二醇、54g硝酸钇和1L去离子水混合,搅拌15分钟,形成含钇的溶液。
(2)将步骤(1)形成的含钇溶液加入自制的含钇Y型分子筛浆液Y-1中,在温度55℃下搅拌10分钟,过滤,水洗,滤饼在600℃、100%水蒸汽气氛下焙烧2小时。得到对比分子筛DZ-1。
将600g(干基)分子筛DZ-1加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液DZ-1J。将619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%)、1499g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、2.2L水混合打浆,之后加入分子筛浆液DZ-1J,继续搅拌30min,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-1的对比催化剂DC-1。
对比例3
(1)将54g硝酸钇和1L去离子水混合,形成均匀的溶液,再加入100g草酸铵,搅拌15分钟,形成含钇的沉淀物浆液。
(2)将步骤(1)形成的沉淀物浆液加入自制的含钇Y型分子筛浆液Y-1中,在温度55℃下搅拌10分钟,过滤,水洗,滤饼在600℃、100%水蒸汽气氛下焙烧2小时。得到对比分子筛DZ-2。
将600g(干基)分子筛DZ-2加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液DZ-2J。将619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%)、1499g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、2.2L水混合打浆,之后加入分子筛浆液DZ-2J,继续搅拌30min,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-2的对比催化剂DC-2。
对比例4
将自制的含钇Y型分子筛浆液Y-1,在温度55℃下搅拌10分钟,过滤,水洗,滤饼在600℃、100%水蒸汽气氛下焙烧2小时。得到对比分子筛DZ-3。
将600g(干基)分子筛DZ-3加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液DZ-3J。将619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%)、1499g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、2.2L水混合打浆,之后加入分子筛浆液DZ-3J,继续搅拌30min,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-3的对比催化剂DC-3。
对比例5
按照中国专利CN99105792.9公开的含稀土分子筛的制备方法:将798g(干基计)REUSY分子筛、16g(干基计)ZSM-5分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:3的重量比混合打浆,形成分子筛浆液,加入110g乙二胺四乙酸,用氨水调节分子筛浆液的pH值在7.5~8.0范围内,再加入23g乙醇,室温(25℃)下搅拌45分钟。过滤、洗涤,滤饼在200℃干燥。得到对比分子筛DZ-4。
将600g(干基)分子筛DZ-4加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液DZ-4J。将619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%)、1513g硅藻土、2.2L水混合打浆,之后加入分子筛浆液DZ-4J,继续搅拌30min,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-4的对比催化剂DC-4。
对比例6
(1)将798g(干基计)REUSY分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:3的重量比混合,形成分子筛浆液。
(2)在0.8L去离子水中加入85g硝酸镧,搅拌,用氨水调节分子筛浆液的pH值在6.5~7.0范围内,室温(25℃)下继续搅拌1.5小时,形成含稀土沉淀物的浆液。
(3)将步骤(2)形成的沉淀物浆液加入步骤(1)的分子筛浆液中,室温(25℃)下搅拌15分钟,混合浆液在250℃干燥。得到对比分子筛DZ-5。
将600g(干基)分子筛DZ-5加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液DZ-5J。将1054g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、587g拟薄水铝石、2.2L水混合打浆,加入60mL盐酸,搅拌1小时,然后加入分子筛浆液DZ-5J,搅拌15min,再加入515g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-5的对比催化剂DC-5。
对比例7
将798g(干基计)NH4Y分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:5的重量比混合,形成浆液,再加入0.6L去离子水,温度35℃下搅拌70分钟,得到对比分子筛DZ-6浆液,对该分子筛DZ-6浆液进行喷雾干燥,得到对比分子筛DZ-6。
将1030g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、440g拟薄水铝石、120g薄水铝石、2.2L水混合打浆,加入33mL盐酸,搅拌1小时,然后加入600g(干基)分子筛DZ-6浆液,搅拌15min,再加入619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-6的对比催化剂DC-6。
对比例8
(1)将798g(干基计)NH4Y分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:3.5的重量比混合,形成浆液。
(2)在0.4L去离子水中加入70g磷酸氢二铵、64g硝酸铈,温度15℃下搅拌30分钟,形成含稀土沉淀物的浆液。
(3)将步骤(2)形成的沉淀物浆液与步骤(1)的分子筛浆液混合,温度15℃下搅拌25分钟,喷雾干燥,所得分子筛在焙烧炉中在100%水蒸汽气氛下进行水热焙烧,焙烧温度550℃,焙烧时间2.5小时。得到对比分子筛DZ-7。
将600g(干基)分子筛DZ-7加入1.2L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液DZ-7J。将738g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、220g拟薄水铝石、1.5L水混合打浆,加入19mL盐酸,搅拌1 小时,然后加入分子筛浆液DZ-7J,搅拌25min,再加入619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-7的对比催化剂DC-7。
对比例9
按照中国专利CN200510114495.1公开的一种提高超稳Y型沸石稀土含量的方法,将798g(干基计)NH4Y分子筛在600℃、100%水蒸汽气氛下焙烧1.5小时得到超稳Y分子筛,超稳Y分子筛与水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:5的重量比混合,形成浆液,加入40g柠檬酸铵,温度35℃下搅拌1小时,然后洗涤、过滤、取出滤饼,将滤饼按照分子筛(干基):水=1:5的重量比混合,搅拌,再加入277mL硝酸稀土,温度35℃下继续搅拌1小时,过滤、干燥。制得对比分子筛DZ-8。
将600g(干基)分子筛DZ-8加入1.5L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液DZ-8J。将1030g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、440g拟薄水铝石、120g薄水铝石、2.2L水混合打浆,加入50mL盐酸,搅拌1小时,然后加入分子筛浆液DZ-8J,搅拌15min,再加入619g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-8的对比催化剂DC-8。
对比例10
按照中国专利CN02103909.7公开的一种用于重油催化裂化的、含抗钒组分的新型稀土超稳Y分子筛制备方法,将798g(干基计)NH4Y分子筛、水按照分子筛(干基):水=1:5的重量比混合,形成浆液,加入64g草酸铵,温度25℃下搅拌0.5小时,再加入69.2mL硝酸稀土,继续充分搅拌15分钟,过滤、水洗,所得含水的分子筛在焙烧炉中,在100%水蒸汽气氛下进行水热焙烧,焙烧温度650℃,焙烧时间2小时。制得对比分子筛DZ-9。
将500g(干基)分子筛DZ-9加入1.0L去离子水中,经过砂磨处理,得到分子筛浆液DZ-9J。将867g高岭土(灼减14.6%)、587g拟薄水铝石、222g氧化硅、2.0L水混合打浆,加入50mL盐酸,搅拌0.5小时,然后加入分子筛浆液DZ-9J,搅拌25min,再加入870g铝溶胶(含氧化铝19.4重%),继续搅拌30min成胶,均质后喷雾干燥成型,焙烧、水洗、干燥得到含对比分子筛DZ-9的对比催化剂DC-9。
对实施例3~8制备的分子筛Z-1~Z-6和对比例2~10制备的分子筛DZ-1~DZ-9,进行物化性质分析测试,结果列于表2:
表2 改性分子筛的性质
Figure PCTCN2016093194-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2016093194-appb-000003
表2结果表明,与采用对比例2制备的分子筛DZ-1相比,采用实施例3制备的分子筛Z-1,氧化钠含量、结晶度、晶胞常数与对比分子筛DZ-1相当,但分子筛的氧化钇含量高于DZ-1(高1.50wt%),说明本发明分子筛制备过程中沉淀剂是不可缺少的,有利于元素周期表中ⅢB元素沉淀在分子筛上。与采用实施例6制备的分子筛Z-4相比,采用对比例9制备的分子筛DZ-8,由于稀土离子交换后,进行过滤,未交换到分子筛上的稀土存在流失进入滤液的现象,因此分子筛的稀土含量低,稀土的利用率低;对比分子筛DZ-8所含有的稀土是通过离子交换进入分子筛的,这种稀土使分子筛在水热焙烧过程中晶胞不容易收缩,因此其晶胞常数高于采用实施例6所制备的分子筛Z-4;另外,与采用实施例6制备的分子筛Z-4相比,采用对比例9制备的分子筛DZ-8增加了分子筛的过滤处理过程,制备工艺相对复杂。与采用实施例8制备的分子筛Z-6相比,采用对比例10制备的分子筛DZ-9,由于分子筛加入稀土后,也进行过滤,因此也存在稀土的流失和分子筛制备工艺相对复杂的问题;在采用实施例8制备分子筛Z-6的过程中,草酸铵主要用作稀土的沉淀剂,而采用对比例10制备分子筛DZ-9的过程中,草酸铵首先作为脱铝剂,脱除分子筛上的铝,然后与稀土反应,使稀土沉淀下来。
为了考察分子筛的裂化活性和水热稳定性,分别采用实施例3~8制备的分子筛Z-1~Z-6和采用对比例2~10制备的分子筛DZ-1~DZ-9,以5%(氧化铝计)的铝溶胶(含氧化铝21.2重%)粘结剂、30%的分子筛(干基计)、65%的高岭土(灼减18.6%,干基计)和适量的去离子水混合均匀,均质,烘干,破碎过筛,选取20~40目的颗粒,分别测试催化剂经过17h水蒸汽老化后的活性,测试结果列于表3。
为了考察分子筛的抗重金属污染能力,将上述20~40目的颗粒采用等体积浸渍法,分别浸渍5000μg/g V、3000μg/g Ni(相对于催化剂颗粒),经钒、镍污染的颗粒在800℃、100%水蒸汽条件下处理6h,测试钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性,测试结果列于表3。
表3中,用活性保留率R1表征分子筛的抗重金属污染能力。定义:活性保留率R1=钒、镍污染6h水蒸汽老化活性/17h水蒸汽老化活性×100%。
表3 改性分子筛制备的催化剂的活性和抗重金属性能
Figure PCTCN2016093194-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016093194-appb-000005
表3结果表明,与采用对比例2~10制备的分子筛DZ-1~DZ-9相比,以本发明实施例3~8制备的分子筛Z-1~Z-6为活性组分制备的催化剂,其活性保留率R1均提高,说明本发明分子筛具有更强的抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例2制备的分子筛DZ-1相比,以本发明实施例3制备的分子筛Z-1为活性组分制备的催化剂,其17h活性明显高于含有对比例2制备的分子筛的对比催化剂,高4个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例3制备的分子筛Z-1为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例2制备的分子筛DZ-1)12个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了14个百分点,说明本发明含沉淀钇的分子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。与采用对比例3制备的分子筛DZ-2相比,以本发明实施例3制备的分子筛Z-1为活性组分制备的催化剂,其17h活性与含有对比例3制备的分子筛的对比催化剂相当,但催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例3制备的分子筛Z-1为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例3制备的分子筛DZ-2)6个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了8个百分点,说明本发明采用有机络合剂和分散剂制备的含有沉淀钇的分子筛具有更高的抗钒、镍污染能力。与采用对比例4制备的分子筛DZ-3相比,以本发明实施例3制备的分子筛Z-1为活性组分制备的催化剂,其17h活性明显高于含有对比例4制备的分子筛的对比催化剂,高10个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例3制备的分子筛Z-1为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例4制备的分子筛DZ-3)16个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了13个百分点,说明本发明含沉淀钇的分子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例5制备的分子筛DZ-4相比,以本发明实施例4制备的分子筛Z-2为活性组分制备的催化剂,其17h活性明显高于含有对比例5制备的分子筛的对比催化剂,高9个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例4制备的分子筛Z-2为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例5制备的分子筛DZ-4)16个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了16个百分点,说明本发明含沉淀稀土的分 子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例6制备的分子筛DZ-5相比,以本发明实施例5制备的分子筛Z-3为活性组分制备的催化剂,其17h活性高于含有对比例6制备的分子筛的对比催化剂,高1个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例5制备的分子筛Z-3为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例6制备的分子筛DZ-5)7个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了10个百分点,说明本发明采用分散剂和尿素、氨水沉淀剂制备的分子筛比只采用氨水沉淀技术制备的分子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例7制备的分子筛DZ-6相比,以本发明实施例6制备的分子筛Z-4为活性组分制备的催化剂,其17h活性明显高于含有对比例7制备的分子筛的对比催化剂,高20个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例6制备的分子筛Z-4为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例7制备的分子筛DZ-6)24个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了17个百分点,说明本发明制备的分子筛比不含沉淀稀土的分子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例8制备的分子筛DZ-7相比,以本发明实施例7制备的分子筛Z-5为活性组分制备的催化剂,其17h活性与含有对比例8制备的分子筛的对比催化剂相当;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例7制备的分子筛Z-5为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例8制备的分子筛DZ-7)3个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了8个百分点,说明本发明采用分散剂制备的分子筛比不采用分散剂的磷酸稀土沉淀技术制备的分子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例9制备的分子筛DZ-8相比,污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例6制备的分子筛Z-4为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例9制备的分子筛DZ-8)4个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了10个百分点,说明本发明制备的分子筛比采用现有技术中国专利CN200510114495.1制备的不含沉淀稀土的分子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例10制备的分子筛DZ-9相比,污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例8制备的分子筛Z-6为活性组分制备的催化剂,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(催化剂含有对比例10制备的分子筛DZ-9)4个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了9个百分点,说明本发明采用络合剂和分散剂制备的分子筛比采用现有技术中国专利CN02103909.7方法制备的分子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
为了进一步考察催化剂的裂化活性和水热稳定性,将采用实施例3~8制备的催化剂C-1~C-6和采用对比例2~10制备的对比催化剂DC-1~DC-9,分别测试催化剂经过17h水蒸汽老化后的活性,测试结果列于表4。
为了考察催化剂的抗重金属污染能力,将催化剂C-1~C-6和催化剂DC-1~DC-9采用等体 积浸渍法,分别浸渍5000μg/g V、3000μg/g Ni(相对于催化剂),经钒、镍污染的催化剂在800℃、100%水蒸汽条件下处理6h,测试钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性,测试结果列于表4:
表4 催化剂的活性和抗重金属性能
Figure PCTCN2016093194-appb-000006
表4中,用活性保留率R1表征催化剂的抗重金属污染能力。定义:活性保留率R1=钒、镍污染6h水蒸汽老化活性/17h水蒸汽老化活性×100%。
表4结果表明,与采用对比例2~10制备的对比催化剂DC-1~DC-9相比,本发明实施例3~8制备的催化剂C-1~C-6,其活性保留率R1均提高,说明本发明改性分子筛催化剂具有更强的抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例2制备的催化剂DC-1相比,以本发明实施例3制备的催化剂C-1,其17h活性明显高于采用对比例2制备的催化剂DC-1,高3百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例3制备的催化剂C-1,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(DC-1)9个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了10个百分点,说明本发明含沉淀钇的催化剂具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。与采用对比例3制备的催化剂DC-2相比,以本发明实施例3制备的催化剂C-1,其17h活性与对比催化剂DC-2相当,但催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例3制备的催化剂C-1,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(DC-2)5个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了7个百分点,说明本发明采用有机络合剂和分散剂制备的含有沉淀钇的催化剂具有更高的抗钒、镍污染能力。与采用对比例4制备的催化剂DC-3相比,以本发明实施例3制备的催化剂C-1,其17h活性明显高于对比催化剂DC-3,高10个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例3制备的催化剂C-1,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(DC-3)15个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了11个百分点,说明本发明含沉淀钇的催化剂具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、 镍污染能力。
与采用对比例5制备的催化剂DC-4相比,以本发明实施例4制备的催化剂C-2,其17h活性明显高于采用对比例5制备的对比催化剂DC-4,高9个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例4制备的催化剂C-2,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(DC-4)16个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了16个百分点,说明本发明含沉淀稀土的催化剂具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例6制备的催化剂DC-5相比,以本发明实施例5制备的催化剂C-3,其17h活性高于采用对比例6制备的对比催化剂DC-5,高4个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例5制备的催化剂C-3,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(DC-5)10个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了10个百分点,说明本发明采用分散剂和尿素、氨水沉淀剂制备的催化剂比只采用氨水沉淀技术制备的催化剂具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例7制备的催化剂DC-6相比,以本发明实施例6制备的催化剂C-4,其17h活性明显高于采用对比例7制备的催化剂DC-6,高20个百分点;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例6制备的催化剂C-4,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(DC-6)24个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了15个百分点,说明本发明制备的催化剂比不含沉淀稀土的催化剂具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例8制备的催化剂DC-7相比,以本发明实施例7制备的催化剂C-5,其17h活性与对比催化剂DC-7相当;催化剂污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例7制备的催化剂C-5,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性高于对比催化剂(DC-7)4个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了8个百分点,说明本发明采用分散剂制备的催化剂比不采用分散剂的磷酸稀土沉淀技术制备的催化剂具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例9制备的催化剂DC-8相比,污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例6制备的催化剂C-4,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(DC-8)6个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了9个百分点,说明本发明制备的催化剂比采用现有技术中国专利CN200510114495.1制备的不含沉淀稀土的催化剂具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
与采用对比例10制备的催化剂DC-9相比,污染钒、镍后,以本发明实施例8制备的催化剂C-6,其钒、镍污染催化剂6h水蒸汽老化后的活性明显高于对比催化剂(DC-9)5个百分点,活性保留率R1提高了12个百分点,说明本发明采用络合剂和分散剂制备的催化剂比采用现有技术中国专利CN02103909.7方法制备的催化剂具有更高的活性稳定性和抗钒、镍污染能力。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 分子筛的改性方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子的溶液与有机络合剂和/或分散剂、沉淀剂混合,搅拌,形成含有ⅢB族元素沉淀物的悬浮液;将含ⅢB族元素沉淀物的悬浮液与分子筛浆液混合,得到含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液,喷雾干燥,经过或不经过焙烧,得到经过ⅢB族元素改性的分子筛;
    其中,以氧化物计的ⅢB族元素与分子筛干基的重量比为0.3~10:100,所述的有机络合剂与ⅢB族金属离子的摩尔比为0.3~10:1,所述分散剂与金属离子的摩尔比为0.2~16:1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的改性方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子的溶液与有机络合剂和/或分散剂、沉淀剂混合,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含有ⅢB族元素沉淀物的悬浮液;将含ⅢB族元素沉淀物的悬浮液与分子筛浆液混合,温度5~100℃,搅拌至少10分钟,得到含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液,喷雾干燥,经过或不经过焙烧,得到经过ⅢB族元素改性的分子筛;优选地,所述分子筛浆液为降钠后的分子筛浆液;
    其中,以氧化物计的ⅢB族元素与分子筛干基的重量比为0.3~10:100,所述的有机络合剂与ⅢB族金属离子的摩尔比为0.3~10:1,所述分散剂与ⅢB族金属离子的摩尔比为0.2~16:1。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的改性方法,其中,温度5~60℃,搅拌10min~40min,得到含有元素周期表中ⅢB族元素的沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的改性方法,其中,所述的以氧化物计的ⅢB族元素与分子筛干基的重量比为0.3~8:100。
  5. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的改性方法,其中,所述的有机络合剂与ⅢB族金属离子的摩尔比为0.5~6:1;所述分散剂与ⅢB族金属离子的摩尔比为1~11:1。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的改性方法,其中,所述的有机络合剂与ⅢB族金属离子的摩尔比为1.0~4:1;所述分散剂与ⅢB族金属离子的摩尔比为2~7:1。
  7. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的改性方法,其中,所述的沉淀剂为在化学沉淀反应中,能够与体系中的ⅢB族金属离子发生化学反应,并且使其生成物在体系中微溶或不溶的物质;
    优选地,所述的沉淀剂为能够提供或产生氢氧根离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子、磷酸氢根离子、磷酸二氢根离子、草酸根离子的化合物中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的改性方法,其中,所述的沉淀剂为草酸、草酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、二氧化碳、氨水、磷酸、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸铵、尿素中的一种或几种。
  9. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的改性方法,其中,所述的有机络合剂选自甲酸、乙酸、己二酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、苯甲酸、乙二胺四乙酸、水杨酸以及上述酸的盐、以及乙酰丙酮、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种,优选柠檬酸、柠檬酸铵、柠檬酸二氢铵、柠檬酸氢二铵、乙二胺四乙酸中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的改性方法,其中,所述的分散剂为在分子内同时具 有亲油性和亲水性两种相反性质的界面活性剂,可均一分散那些难于溶解于液体的固体颗粒,同时也能防止固体颗粒的沉降和凝聚,形成安定悬浮液所需的物质,且分散剂不会与ⅢB族金属离子作用形成沉淀。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的改性方法,其中,所述的分散剂选自碳原子数为2~8的一元醇或二元醇、聚乙二醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、古尔胶中的一种或多种。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的改性方法,其中,所述的纤维素衍生物选自羟甲基纤维素钠、甲基羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素中的一种或多种;所述的碳原子数为2~8的一元醇或二元醇选自乙醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、丁醇、甲基戊醇中的一种或多种。
  13. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的改性方法,其中,所述的ⅢB族元素选自钪、钇、镧系稀土元素中的一种或多种。
  14. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的改性方法,其中,所述的含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子溶液与有机络合剂和/或分散剂、沉淀剂混合过程,通过下述的方式之一实现:
    方式1,将所述含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子溶液与所述有机络合剂和/或分散剂混合均匀后,再加入所述沉淀剂,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含ⅢB族元素沉淀物;
    方式2,将所述沉淀剂与所述有机络合剂和/或分散剂混合均匀后,再加入所述含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子的化合物的溶液,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含ⅢB族元素沉淀物;
    方式3,将所述沉淀剂与所述含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子的化合物的溶液混合后,再加入所述有机络合剂和/或分散剂,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含ⅢB族元素沉淀物;
    方式4,将所述含元素周期表ⅢB族金属离子溶液与所述有机络合剂和/或分散剂、所述沉淀剂同时加入混合,搅拌至少10分钟,形成含ⅢB族元素沉淀物。
  15. 一种改性分子筛,其是根据权利要求1~14中任一项所述方法制备得到的。
  16. 一种含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,其含有有效催化量的根据权利要求1~14中任一项所述的改性方法制备得到的改性分子筛。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,以催化剂质量为100%计算,含有10~55%以干基计的根据权利要求1~15中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的改性分子筛、10~80%以干基计的粘土、0~40%以氧化物计的无机氧化物和5~40%以氧化物计的粘结剂。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂,其中,以催化剂质量为100%计,含有15~45%的以干基计的所述改性分子筛、20~65%的以干基计的粘土、5~25%的以氧化物计的无机氧化物和5~30%以氧化物计的粘结剂。
  19. 权利要求16~18中任一项所述的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,其中,该制备方法包括:
    (1)根据权利要求1~14中任一项所述的方法制备改性分子筛;优选地,所述方法中所述分子筛浆液为降钠后的分子筛浆液;
    (2)将步骤(1)所得改性分子筛、粘土、无机氧化物、粘结剂混合打浆,喷雾干燥,制备得到催化剂。
  20. 权利要求16~18中任一项所述的含改性分子筛的催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,其中,该制备方法包括:
    (1)制备权利要求1~14中任一项所述的方法中的所述含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液;优选地,该含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液为含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和降钠后的分子筛的混合浆液;
    (2)将步骤(1)所得含ⅢB族元素沉淀物和分子筛的混合浆液、粘土、无机氧化物、粘结剂混合打浆,喷雾干燥,制备得到催化剂。
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