WO2017006817A1 - 改良されたヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
改良されたヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017006817A1 WO2017006817A1 PCT/JP2016/069214 JP2016069214W WO2017006817A1 WO 2017006817 A1 WO2017006817 A1 WO 2017006817A1 JP 2016069214 W JP2016069214 W JP 2016069214W WO 2017006817 A1 WO2017006817 A1 WO 2017006817A1
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- vinyl ether
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- hydroxy group
- containing vinyl
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- 0 CC(C(*)(*)N=NC(*)(*)C(*)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C(*)(*)N=NC(*)(*)C(*)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F16/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F16/12—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
- C08F16/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F16/26—Monomers containing oxygen atoms in addition to the ether oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F116/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F116/12—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
- C08F116/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/04—Azo-compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D129/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J129/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Adhesives based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J129/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F16/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F16/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
- C08F16/04—Acyclic compounds
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/04—Polymerisation in solution
- C08F2/10—Aqueous solvent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a simple and efficient method for producing a vinyl ether polymer having a hydroxy group. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a simple and efficient method for producing an aqueous vinyl ether polymer solution having a hydroxy group.
- Hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer has excellent processability due to adhesion with substrates and cross-linking reaction with various resins, paint, ink, adhesive, resin modifier, metal recovery resin, compatibilizer, surfactant, It is useful as a main ingredient or compounding component such as a dispersant and a binder.
- Patent Document 1 discloses bulk polymerization using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator for hydroxy group-containing vinyl ethers such as 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether and 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether. Solution polymerization using water as a solvent is disclosed. However, the polymerization using AIBN has a low monomer conversion rate, and the polymerization cannot be performed efficiently.
- AIBN 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile
- Patent Document 1 shows that the use of a non-nitrile azo initiator such as dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate) (MAIB) improves the monomer conversion rate.
- MAIB dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate)
- the monomer conversion rate is improved in solution polymerization using an alcohol solvent such as methanol.
- the hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether has a lower radical polymerizability than other radical polymerizable monomers, the monomer conversion rate is not improved unless a large amount of polymerization initiator is used under the conditions disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the monomer conversion rate is not sufficient, and therefore a step of removing the residual monomer and initiator residue is necessary.
- polyacetal may be generated depending on the type of alcohol used as the solvent, and the yield of the desired hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer may be significantly reduced. I understand.
- the monomer conversion rate is further reduced for monomers having a higher carbon number and higher hydrophobicity, such as vinyl ether having an alkylene group containing an alicyclic structure, and efficient polymerization.
- monomers having a higher carbon number and higher hydrophobicity such as vinyl ether having an alkylene group containing an alicyclic structure
- an object of the present invention is to provide a simple and efficient method for producing the polymer, which eliminates the need for removing low-boiling impurities such as residual monomers and initiator residues, polyacetal, and the like. It is another object of the present invention to provide a simple and efficient method for producing a polymer aqueous solution having a low content of low-boiling impurities such as residual monomers and initiator residues and polyacetal.
- the present inventors have carried out radical polymerization of a hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether in the presence of a specific polymerization solvent and a polymerization initiator, compared with the conventional method. It has been found that the monomer conversion rate can be greatly improved, the formation of polyacetal can be suppressed, and the amount of the polymerization initiator used can be reduced, and the present invention has been completed.
- An alkylamino group which may be In the presence of an azo compound represented by the following formula (2): (In the formula, R 7 represents an alkylene group containing a linear, branched or alicyclic structure, and p is 1, 2 or 3.)
- a method for producing a hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer comprises a step of radical polymerization of at least one vinyl ether selected from vinyl ethers having a hydroxy group represented by formula (1).
- the azo compound is an ester azo compound, and in the formula (1), R 5 and R 6 are each independently an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Is preferred.
- the amount of residual monomer in the hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer is preferably 20 mol% or less.
- the addition amount of the azo compound is 0.01 to 1 mol% with respect to the vinyl ether, and the number average molecular weight Mn of the hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer is 10,000. It is preferable to be ⁇ 600,000.
- the addition amount of the azo compound is 0.1 to 35 mol% with respect to the vinyl ether, and the number average molecular weight Mn of the hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer is 1,000. It is preferable to be 10,000.
- a method for producing a hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer aqueous solution comprising water and a hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer, Water as a polymerization solvent and the following formula (1) as a polymerization initiator: (Wherein R 1 to R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R 5 and R 6 each independently have an alkoxy group or a substituent which may have a substituent.
- An alkylamino group which may be In the presence of an azo compound represented by the following formula (2): (In the formula, R 7 represents an alkylene group containing a linear, branched or alicyclic structure, and p is 1, 2 or 3.) Radical polymerization of at least one vinyl ether selected from vinyl ethers having a hydroxy group represented by: Storing the obtained hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer in an aqueous solution; The manufacturing method of the hydroxyl-group containing vinyl ether polymer aqueous solution containing this is provided.
- the azo compound is an ester azo compound, and in the formula (1), R 5 and R 6 are each independently an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Is preferred.
- the amount of residual monomer in the hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer is preferably 20 mol% or less.
- the addition amount of the azo compound is 0.01 to 1 mol% with respect to the vinyl ether, and the number average molecular weight Mn of the hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer is 10,000. It is preferable to be ⁇ 600,000.
- the addition amount of the azo compound is 0.1 to 35 mol% with respect to the vinyl ether, and the number average molecular weight Mn of the hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer is 1,000. It is preferable to be 10,000.
- a hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer aqueous solution produced by the above-described method for producing a polymer aqueous solution is provided.
- aqueous composition selected from the group consisting of paints, inks, adhesives, resin modifiers, metal recovery resins, compatibilizers, surfactants, dispersants, and binders
- aqueous solution of a group-containing vinyl ether polymer is provided.
- the method for producing a polymer according to the present invention in the method for producing a hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer, while reducing the amount of the polymerization initiator used, the monomer conversion is improved and the production of polyacetal is suppressed. It is possible to provide a simple and efficient method for producing the polymer that eliminates the need for removing low-boiling impurities such as residual monomers and initiator residues, polyacetal, and the like.
- a polymer aqueous solution with a low content of low-boiling impurities such as residual monomers and initiator residues, polyacetal, and the like by a simple and efficient production method. it can.
- Both the method for producing a polymer and the method for producing an aqueous polymer solution of the present invention include a step of radical polymerization of vinyl ether having a hydroxy group under specific conditions.
- the method for producing a polymer aqueous solution further includes a step of storing the hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer obtained in the radical polymerization step in the aqueous solution.
- the radical polymerization step will be described in detail.
- water-soluble means that the solubility in water at 25 ° C. (the amount of solute with respect to 100 g of water) is 1 g or more.
- the amount of water used is not particularly limited, but is 5 to 2000 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 1000 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of a vinyl ether containing a hydroxy group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a monomer).
- the amount of water relative to the total amount of the polymerization solvent is 10% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- aqueous organic solvent examples include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexafluoroisopropanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 3, 3,3-trifluoro-1-propanol Monoalcohols such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, diethylene glycol and the like polyhydric alcohols; methyl cellosolve, cellosolve, isopropylpyrrolocellosolve, butylcellosolve, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Ether alcohols such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, alkyl amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone; alkyl sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide
- ⁇ Radical polymerization initiator> it is essential to use an azo compound represented by the following formula (1) as a radical polymerization initiator.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
- R 5 and R 6 each independently have an alkoxy group or a substituent which may have a substituent.
- An alkylamino group which may be
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, Examples include n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group and the like.
- R 1 to R 4 are preferably methyl groups.
- the alkoxy group which may have a substituent represented by R 5 and R 6 is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or the like. N-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group and the like.
- the alkylamino group which may have a substituent represented by R 5 and R 6 is preferably an alkylamino group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, a methylamino group, an ethylamino group, Examples include n-propylamino group, isopropylamino group, n-butylamino group, isobutylamino group, sec-butylamino group, tert-butylamino group and the like.
- the substituent in the alkoxy group and the alkylamino group include a hydroxy group, a methoxy group, and an ethoxy group.
- radical polymerization initiators include dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate) (MAIB), dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyrate), dimethyl Ester-type azo compounds such as 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpentanoate); 2,2′-azobis (N-butyl-2-methylpropionamide), 2,2′-azobis [N- ( And acid amide type azo compounds such as 2-propenyl) -2-methylpropionamide] and 2,2′-azobis [2-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) propionamide].
- MAIB dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate)
- 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyrate dimethyl Ester-type azo compounds such as 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpentanoate
- 2,2′-azobis (N-butyl-2-methylpropionamide) 2,2′-azobis [N- ( And acid amide type azo compounds such as 2-propenyl) -2
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is usually appropriately set according to the type and amount of the monomer used, the polymerization conditions such as the polymerization temperature and the polymerization concentration, the molecular weight of the target polymer, etc.
- the polymerization can be carried out with a smaller amount of initiator than in the conventional method.
- the amount of initiator used relative to the total amount of monomers is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1 mol%, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mol%.
- an excessive amount of initiator is used, and it is often difficult to increase the monomer conversion rate.
- a relatively small amount of polymerization initiator used preferably 0.1 to 35 mol%, more preferably 1
- the reaction can be carried out at a high monomer conversion.
- the polymer preferably has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) in the range of 1.0 to 5.0, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4.0, and even more preferably 1 Within the range of 2 to 3.0.
- the vinyl ether containing a hydroxy group used in the present invention is represented by the following formula (2).
- R 7 represents an alkylene group containing a linear, branched or alicyclic structure, and p is 1, 2 or 3.
- the linear or branched alkylene group represented by R 7 is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, specifically, an ethylene group, 1 , 2-propylene group, 1,3-propylene group, 1,4-butylene group, 1,5-pentylene group, neopentylene group, 1,6-hexylene group, 4-methyl-2,2-pentylene group, 3- And methyl-1,5-pentylene group, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butylene group, etc., among which ethylene group, 1,2-propylene group, 1,3-propylene group, 1,4-butylene An alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as a group is preferred.
- the alkylene group having an alicyclic structure represented by R 7 is preferably an alkylene group having a monocyclic alicyclic structure, more preferably an alkylene group having a 5- to 6-membered alicyclic structure, specifically Are 1,2-cyclopentylene group, 1,3-cyclopentylene group, 1,2-cyclohexylene group, 1,3-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,2 -Cyclopentanedimethylene group, 1,3-cyclopentanedimethylene group, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethylene group, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethylene group, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene group, etc. It is done.
- Examples of the vinyl ether represented by the formula (2) include 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 3-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, propylene glycol monovinyl ether, 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether. , Dipropylene glycol monovinyl ether, triethylene glycol monovinyl ether, 4-hydroxycyclohexyl vinyl ether, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol monovinyl ether, and the like. These vinyl ethers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- vinyl ethers a straight-chain alkylene group having about 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, etc. Particularly preferred are vinyl ethers containing oxyalkylene groups.
- the reaction temperature (polymerization temperature) in the polymerization step may be appropriately selected according to the type of the polymerization initiator, and the reaction (polymerization) may be performed by changing the temperature stepwise. In general, the range of 50 to 180 ° C. is preferable, and 60 to 170 ° C. is particularly preferable.
- the reaction temperature is 50 ° C. or higher, the reaction is prevented from lowering.
- the reaction temperature is 180 ° C. or lower, the radical polymerization initiator is prevented from being decomposed, and the molecular weight of the polymer produced due to the increase in chain transfer is reduced. A decrease can be prevented.
- the polymerization method is not particularly limited.
- a monomer, a polymerization initiator, and a polymerization solvent as necessary are charged in a reactor in advance, and after deoxidizing the inside of the container, the polymerization is started by raising the temperature. be able to.
- the polymerization may be started by adding a polymerization initiator to the heated monomer or monomer solution.
- the polymerization initiator may be added sequentially or all at once. Further, by combining these, a part of the polymerization initiator may be charged in the reactor in advance, and then the remainder may be sequentially added to the reaction system. In the case of sequential addition, the operation is complicated, but the polymerization reaction is easy to control.
- the monomer or monomer solution may be divided or continuously added.
- the temperature is raised to the reaction temperature, and then the remainder may be divided or continuously added, or the solvent is charged in advance to the reactor.
- the monomer or monomer solution may be added in portions or continuously in the heated solvent.
- the polymerization initiator may be charged in the reactor in advance, may be added to the system together with the monomer or separately, or a part of the polymerization initiator is charged in the reactor in advance. Then, the remainder may be sequentially added to the reaction system.
- Such a method can suppress an increase in temperature due to heat generation, and thus can easily control the polymerization reaction.
- the resulting hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer can be isolated by treating with known operations and processing methods.
- the monomer conversion rate in the polymerization reaction is high, and the monomer conversion rate is usually 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 97% or more, and even more preferably 99% or more. It is.
- the residual monomer amount of the obtained polymer is usually 20 mol% or less, preferably 10 mol% or less, more preferably 5 mol% or less, and even more preferably 3 mol%, even without going through the monomer removal step.
- it is still more preferably 1 mol% or less.
- the reaction solution can be used as it is, or concentrated or diluted for various uses as an aqueous hydroxy group-containing vinyl ether polymer solution.
- the content of polyacetal in the polymer is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and further preferably 1% by mass or less.
- a monomer having an alicyclic structure such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol monovinyl ether, having a large number of carbon atoms and higher hydrophobicity, a monomer conversion rate of 80% or more is high. Can be reacted efficiently.
- the polymer aqueous solution is an aqueous composition used for paints, inks, adhesives, resin modifiers, metal recovery resins, compatibilizers, surfactants, dispersants, or binders. Can be used for manufacturing.
- the physical properties of the polymers obtained in the examples were evaluated by the following methods. (1) Calculation of monomer conversion (residual amount) and structural analysis of the polymer were carried out using 1 H NMR (JNM ECX-500II, manufactured by JEOL) (solvent: heavy water or heavy chloroform). The value of the residual monomer amount is a value measured before the monomer removal step.
- Example 1 Production of poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (1)
- HEVE 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether
- MAIB manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name V-
- V- radical polymerization initiator 601
- the test tube was sealed, and the polymerization reaction was started in an oil bath at 70 ° C. After 48 hours, the polymerization was stopped by cooling and exposure to air, and 1 H NMR analysis and GPC analysis were performed. As a result, the monomer conversion after 48 hours was 99% or more, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 33900, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 2.45.
- Example 2 Production of poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (2) The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that water was added so that the HEVE concentration was 20% by mass. As a result, the monomer conversion after 48 hours was 99% or more, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 10700, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.59.
- Example 3 Production of poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (3) Example 1 except that 2,2′-azobis [2-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) propionamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name V-086) was used as a radical polymerization initiator The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in. As a result, the monomer conversion after 93 hours was 99% or more, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 11400, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.94.
- Example 4 Production of poly (4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether) (1) The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether was used as the monomer. As a result, the monomer conversion after 48 hours was 99% or more, the number average molecular weight Mn was 15500, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 2.20.
- Example 5 Production of poly (1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol monovinyl ether) A polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol monovinyl ether was used as a monomer. As a result, the monomer conversion after 48 hours was 81%, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 12300, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.89.
- Example 6 Production of poly (diethylene glycol monovinyl ether) A polymerization reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that diethylene glycol monovinyl ether (hereinafter referred to as “DEGV”) was used as a monomer. As a result, the monomer conversion after 48 hours was 99% or more, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 12600, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 2.10.
- DEGV diethylene glycol monovinyl ether
- Example 7 Production of poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (4) The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of MAIB added was 0.1 mol% with respect to the monomer. As a result, the monomer conversion after 48 hours was 60% or more, and when the polymerization was continued, the monomer conversion was 99% or more after 96 hours. The number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 35500, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.74.
- Comparative Example 1 Production of poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (5) The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that toluene was used as the polymerization solvent. As a result, the monomer conversion after 24 hours was 49%, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 18900, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.68.
- Comparative Example 2 Production of poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (6) The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2-propanol was used as the polymerization solvent. As a result, the monomer conversion after 24 hours was 31%, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 15800, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.55.
- Comparative Example 3 Production of poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (7)
- the polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ethylene glycol was used as the polymerization solvent.
- the monomer conversion after 24 hours was 71%, but 60% of polyacetal was produced.
- the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 10100, and molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.73.
- Comparative Example 4 Production of poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (8) The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1,4-butanediol was used as the polymerization solvent. As a result, the monomer conversion after 24 hours was 69%, but 40% of polyacetal was produced. Moreover, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 9500, and molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.79.
- Comparative Example 5 Production of poly (4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether) (2) Example 2 except that 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (trade name V-60, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., hereinafter referred to as “AIBN”) was used as the radical polymerization initiator. A polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner. As a result, the monomer conversion after 48 hours was 37%, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 29400, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.73.
- AIBN 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile
- Comparative Example 7 Production of poly (4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether) (4) The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 6 except that the amount of MAIB used was changed to 5 mol% with respect to the monomer. As a result, the monomer conversion was 91.67%, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 34000, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.24.
- Example 8 Preparation of poly (4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether (5)
- 90 g of water, 90 g of HBVE (774 mmol), and 29.7 g of MAIB (129 mmol, 16.7 mol% based on the total amount of monomers) were charged, heated to 70 ° C., and polymerized for 10 hours with stirring. Went. After cooling to room temperature, water and light components were removed by evaporation to obtain the desired poly (4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether).
- the HBVE conversion was 99% or more, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 3090, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 2.40.
- Example 9 Preparation of poly (4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether (6) The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the amount of MAIB added was 3 mol% with respect to the monomer. As a result, the HBVE conversion was 89%, the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 5910, and the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.78.
- Example 10 Preparation of 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether / diethylene glycol monovinyl ether copolymer (1)
- a glass container equipped with a three-way stopcock was charged with 90 g of water, 71.9 g (619 mmol) of HBVE, 20.6 g (156 mmol) of DEGV, 29.7 g of MAIB (129 mmol, 16.6 mol% based on the total amount of monomers), and heated to 70 ° C. Then, polymerization was carried out for 10 hours with stirring. After cooling to room temperature, water and light components were removed by evaporation to obtain the desired HBVE / DEGV copolymer.
- the HBVE conversion was 99.6%
- the DEGV conversion was 94.2%
- the number average molecular weight Mn of the obtained polymer was 3160
- the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 2.13.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、非ニトリルアゾ系開始剤とアルコール系溶媒を用いた場合であっても、溶媒として用いるアルコールの種類によってはポリアセタールが生成し、目的とするヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体の収率が著しく低下することがわかってきた。
重合溶媒として水及び重合開始剤として下記式(1):
で表されるアゾ系化合物の存在下、下記式(2):
で表されるヒドロキシ基を有するビニルエーテルから選択される少なくとも1種のビニルエーテルをラジカル重合する工程を含む、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体の製造方法が提供される。
水と、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体とを含む、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体水溶液の製造方法であって、
重合溶媒として水及び重合開始剤として下記式(1):
で表されるアゾ系化合物の存在下、下記式(2):
で表されるヒドロキシ基を有するビニルエーテルから選択される少なくとも1種のビニルエーテルをラジカル重合する工程と、
得られたヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体を水溶液中で保存する工程と、
を含む、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体水溶液の製造方法が提供される。
上記の重合体水溶液の製造方法により製造された、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体水溶液が提供される。
塗料、インキ、接着剤、樹脂改質剤、金属回収樹脂、相溶化剤、界面活性剤、分散剤、及び結着剤からなる群から選択される水性組成物を製造するための、上記のヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体水溶液の使用が提供される。
本発明の重合体の製造方法及び重合体水溶液の製造方法は、いずれも、特定の条件下でヒドロキシ基を有するビニルエーテルをラジカル重合する工程を含むことを特徴とする。重合体水溶液の製造方法は、ラジカル重合工程で得られたヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体を水溶液中で保存する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする。以下、当該ラジカル重合工程について、詳細に説明する。
本発明においては、重合溶媒として水を用いることを必須とする。また、重合溶媒として、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で水性有機溶媒を併用してもよい。ここで、水溶性とは、25℃における水への溶解度(水100gに対する溶質の量)が、1g以上であることを意味する。水の使用量は、特に限定されないが、ヒドロキシ基を含むビニルエーテル(以下、モノマーという場合がある)100質量部に対して、5~2000質量部であり、好ましくは10~1000質量部である。また、重合溶媒全量に対する水の量は、10質量%以上100質量%以下であり、好ましくは20質量%以上であり、より好ましくは50質量%以上である。
などのモノアルコール類;エチレングリコール、グリセリン、ジエチレングリコールなどの多価アルコール類;メチルセロソルブ、セロソルブ、イソプロピロピルセロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルなどのエーテルアルコール類;ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドンなどのアルキルアミド;ジメチルスルホキシドなどのアルキルスルホキシド;アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなどのケトン;及びテトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサンなどの環状エーテルなどを使用することができる。これらの溶媒は、単独もしくは2種以上を混合して使用してもよい。
本発明では、ラジカル重合開始剤として、下記式(1)で表されるアゾ系化合物を用いることを必須とする。
本発明による製造方法において、重合工程の反応温度(重合温度)は重合開始剤の種類に応じて適宜選択すればよく、段階的に温度を変えて反応(重合)させてもよい。一般的には50~180℃の範囲が好ましく、60~170℃が特に好ましい。反応温度が50℃以上であれば、反応の低下を防止し、180℃以下であれば、ラジカル重合開始剤の分解を防止し、かつ連鎖移動の上昇に起因する生成される重合体の分子量の低下を防止することができる。
当該重合体水溶液は、具体的には、塗料、インキ、接着剤、樹脂改質剤、金属回収樹脂、相溶化剤、界面活性剤、分散剤、又は結着剤等に用いられる水性組成物を製造するために使用することができる。
(1)モノマー転化率(残存量)の算出及びポリマーの構造分析は、1H NMR(JNM ECX-500II、JEOL社製)を用いて行った(溶媒:重水又は重クロロホルム)。モノマー残存量の値は、モノマー除去工程を経る前に測定した値である。
(分析条件)
カラム:TSKgelカラムG-MHHR-M×2(東ソー(株)製)又は、
Shodex GPC KD804×3(昭和電工(株)製)
溶離液:ジメチルホルムアミド(10mmоl/L臭化リチウム含有)
測定温度:40℃
流速:1.0mL/分
検量線:標準ポリスチレンスタンダード
試験管に、撹拌子と、モノマーとして2-ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル(以下、「HEVE」と記載する。)500モル部、ラジカル重合開始剤としてMAIB(和光純薬工業(株)製、商品名V-601)1モル部(モノマーに対して0.2モル%)を入れ、さらに、重合溶媒として、HEVE濃度が50質量%となるよう水を加え、よく溶かした。ついで、試験管内に窒素を吹込み、脱酸素した。脱酸素後、試験管を密閉し、70℃の油浴中で重合反応を開始した。48時間後、冷却及び空気への暴露により重合を停止し、1H NMR分析及びGPC分析を行った。その結果、48時間経過後のモノマー転化率は99%以上であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは33900であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは2.45であった。
HEVE濃度が20質量%となるよう水を加えた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、48時間経過後のモノマー転化率は99%以上であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは10700であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.59であった。
ラジカル重合開始剤として2,2’-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)プロピオンアミド(和光純薬工業(株)製、商品名V-086)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、93時間経過後のモノマー転化率は99%以上であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは11400であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.94であった。
モノマーとして4-ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテルを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、48時間経過後のモノマー転化率は99%以上であり、数平均分子量Mnは15500であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは2.20であった。
モノマーとして1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノールモノビニルエーテルを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、48時間経過後のモノマー転化率は81%であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは12300であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.89であった。
モノマーとしてジエチレングリコールモノビニルエーテル(以下、「DEGV」と記載する。)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、48時間経過後のモノマー転化率は99%以上であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは12600であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは2.10であった。
MAIBの添加量をモノマーに対して0.1モル%にした以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、48時間経過後のモノマー転化率は60%以上であり、さらに重合を続けると96時間後にモノマー転化率は99%以上となった。得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは35500であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.74であった。
重合溶媒としてトルエンを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、24時間経過後のモノマー転化率は49%であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは18900であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.68であった。
重合溶媒として2-プロパノールを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、24時間経過後のモノマー転化率は31%であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは15800であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.55であった。
重合溶媒としてエチレングリコールを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、24時間経過後のモノマー転化率は71%であったが、ポリアセタールが60%生成していた。また、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは10100であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.73であった。
重合溶媒として1,4-ブタンジオールを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、24時間経過後のモノマー転化率は69%であったが、ポリアセタールが40%生成していた。また、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは9500であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.79であった。
ラジカル重合開始剤として2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(和光純薬工業(株)製、商品名V-60、以下、「AIBN」と記載する)を用いた以外は実施例4と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、48時間経過後のモノマー転化率は37%であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは29400であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.73であった。
三方活栓をつけたガラス容器に、HBVE68.25g(587.6mmol)と、メタノール17.82gとを加えて加熱し、内温が70℃に達してからMAIB1.3393g(5.82mmol、モノマーに対して1モル%)をメタノール11.91gに溶かした溶液を1時間かけて滴下した。次いで、70℃で8時間撹拌した。メタノールを70.58g加え内容物を室温まで冷却し、ヘキサン168.8gで3回抽出を行い、残存モノマーと重合開始剤残渣の除去を行った。その後、減圧下で溶剤を除去してポリ(4-ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル)を得た。その結果、モノマー転化率は56.7%であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは32000であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.35であった。
MAIBの使用量をモノマーに対して5モル%に変更した以外は比較例6と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、モノマー転化率は91.67%であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは34000であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.24であった。
三方活栓をつけたガラス容器に、水90g、HBVE90g(774mmol)、MAIB29.7g(129mmol、モノマー総量に対して16.7モル%)を仕込み、70℃に加熱して、撹拌下、10時間重合を行った。室温まで冷却後、エバポレーションにより水及び軽質分を除去し、目的とするポリ(4-ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル)を得た。HBVE転化率は99%以上であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは3090であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは2.40であった。
MAIBの添加量をモノマーに対して3モル%にした以外は実施例8と同様の操作により重合反応を行った。その結果、HBVE転化率は89%であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは5910であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.78であった。
三方活栓をつけたガラス容器に、水90g、HBVE71.9g(619mmol)、DEGV20.6g(156mmol)、MAIB29.7g(129mmol、モノマー総量に対して16.6モル%)を仕込み、70℃に加熱して、撹拌下、10時間重合を行った。室温まで冷却後、エバポレーションにより水及び軽質分を除去し、目的とするHBVE/DEGV共重合体を得た。HBVE転化率は99.6%であり、DEGV転化率は94.2%であり、得られたポリマーの数平均分子量Mnは3160であり、分子量分布Mw/Mnは2.13であった。
Claims (12)
- 前記アゾ系化合物がエステル型アゾ化合物であり、前記式(1)において、R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立して炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基である、請求項1に記載の重合体の製造方法。
- ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体中の残存モノマー量が20モル%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の重合体の製造方法。
- 前記アゾ系化合物の添加量が、前記ビニルエーテルに対して0.01~1モル%であり、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体の数平均分子量Mnが、10,000~600,000である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の重合体の製造方法。
- 前記アゾ系化合物の添加量が、前記ビニルエーテルに対して0.1~35モル%であり、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体の数平均分子量Mnが、1,000~10,000である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の重合体の製造方法。
- 水と、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体とを含む、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体水溶液の製造方法であって、
重合溶媒として水及び重合開始剤として下記式(1):
で表されるアゾ系化合物の存在下、下記式(2):
で表されるヒドロキシ基を有するビニルエーテルから選択される少なくとも1種のビニルエーテルをラジカル重合する工程と、
得られたヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体を水溶液中で保存する工程と、
を含む、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体水溶液の製造方法。 - 前記アゾ系化合物がエステル型アゾ化合物であり、前記式(1)において、R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立して炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基である、請求項6に記載の重合体水溶液の製造方法。
- ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体中の残存モノマー量が20モル%以下である、請求項6又は7に記載の重合体水溶液の製造方法。
- 前記アゾ系化合物の添加量が、前記ビニルエーテルに対して0.01~1モル%であり、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体の数平均分子量Mnが、10,000~600,000である、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の重合体水溶液の製造方法。
- 前記アゾ系化合物の添加量が、前記ビニルエーテルに対して0.1~35モル%であり、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体の数平均分子量Mnが、1,000~10,000である、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の重合体の製造方法。
- 請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載の重合体水溶液の製造方法により製造された、ヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体水溶液。
- 塗料、インキ、接着剤、樹脂改質剤、金属回収樹脂、相溶化剤、界面活性剤、分散剤、又は結着剤に用いられる水性組成物を製造するための、請求項11に記載のヒドロキシ基含有ビニルエーテル重合体水溶液の使用。
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WO2017110634A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | 丸善石油化学株式会社 | 側鎖に水酸基を有するビニルエーテルポリマーの製造方法及び温度応答性ポリマー混合物 |
WO2020021902A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-30 | 丸善石油化学株式会社 | ラジカル重合による炭化水素基含有ビニルエーテルポリマーの製造方法 |
CN110831983A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-02-21 | 丸善石油化学株式会社 | 利用自由基聚合来制造含有氧乙烯链的乙烯基醚聚合物的方法 |
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CN113527556B (zh) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-05-24 | 福州大学 | 催化制备乙烯基醚聚合物的方法 |
WO2023068357A1 (ja) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-27 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | 重合体及びその製造方法 |
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CN110831983A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-02-21 | 丸善石油化学株式会社 | 利用自由基聚合来制造含有氧乙烯链的乙烯基醚聚合物的方法 |
KR20200046015A (ko) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-05-06 | 마루젠 세끼유가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 라디칼 중합에 의한 옥시에틸렌쇄 함유 비닐에테르폴리머의 제조 방법 |
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KR102539271B1 (ko) | 2017-08-31 | 2023-06-02 | 마루젠 세끼유가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 라디칼 중합에 의한 옥시에틸렌쇄 함유 비닐에테르폴리머의 제조 방법 |
WO2020021902A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-30 | 丸善石油化学株式会社 | ラジカル重合による炭化水素基含有ビニルエーテルポリマーの製造方法 |
US11891461B2 (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2024-02-06 | Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Method for producing vinyl ether polymer containing hydrocarbon group by radical polymerization |
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US10633469B2 (en) | 2020-04-28 |
CN107835825B (zh) | 2020-03-27 |
TWI691514B (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
US20180179305A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
JP2017014438A (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
EP3318583B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
JP6601714B2 (ja) | 2019-11-06 |
EP3318583A1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
EP3318583A4 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
KR102013116B1 (ko) | 2019-08-21 |
KR20180019077A (ko) | 2018-02-23 |
KR20190052179A (ko) | 2019-05-15 |
CN107835825A (zh) | 2018-03-23 |
TW201706317A (zh) | 2017-02-16 |
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