WO2017006740A1 - 構造体 - Google Patents
構造体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017006740A1 WO2017006740A1 PCT/JP2016/067988 JP2016067988W WO2017006740A1 WO 2017006740 A1 WO2017006740 A1 WO 2017006740A1 JP 2016067988 W JP2016067988 W JP 2016067988W WO 2017006740 A1 WO2017006740 A1 WO 2017006740A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pair
- positioning
- position detection
- detection areas
- plate
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
- F16M11/02—Heads
- F16M11/04—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand
- F16M11/06—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/18—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for positioning only
- B23Q3/186—Aligning devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plate-like structure positioned with the lower surface supported by a positioning device.
- Patent Document 1 a three-dimensional position measurement apparatus that measures a three-dimensional position of an object using a camera attached to a robot is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the three-dimensional position measurement device disclosed in Patent Document 1 captures an image of an object at a plurality of positions to extract feature points of the object, and based on the extracted feature points and the position of the captured camera, The three-dimensional position of the object is measured in stereo.
- Patent Document 1 merely discloses measuring the three-dimensional position of the entire object, and does not disclose at all accurate recognition of the position and orientation of the portion to be positioned.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a structure capable of accurately recognizing the position and angle of a portion to be positioned by a positioning device.
- the structure according to one aspect of the present invention is positioned in a state where the first surface is supported by the positioning device provided with the positioning protrusion and is formed in a plate shape, and is formed at the end and in the positioning protrusion A positioning hole to be inserted, and a pair of first position detection areas formed on a second surface of an end where the positioning hole is formed, the positioning holes being for the pair of first position detection It is formed at a position different from the axis connecting the regions.
- the positioning hole and the pair of first position detection areas are formed at the end of the second surface when the surface supported by the positioning device is the first surface. Therefore, in the portion positioned on the positioning projection of the positioning device, the position and the angle of the structure can be accurately recognized by the imaging device or the like. In particular, the recognition accuracy is improved as compared to the case where the position and the angle of the structure are recognized based on the shape of the end of the structure. This is because when the shape of the end portion of the structure is used as a reference, if the processing accuracy of the shape is not sufficient, the recognition accuracy is lowered due to the error of the processing accuracy.
- the positioning hole is formed at a position different from the axis connecting the pair of position detection areas, the positioning hole and the pair of first position detection areas are imaged regardless of the angle of the structure.
- the angle of the structure can be reliably recognized from the image information obtained as a result. This is because, when the positioning hole and the pair of position detection areas are arranged on the same axis, when the structure is rotated around the axis connecting these, the angle around the axis is recognized from the image information It is because it can not.
- the pair of positioning holes to be inserted into the pair of positioning protrusions are formed at both ends, and one of the positioning holes is formed on the one end side
- the pair of first position detection areas is formed on two surfaces
- the other second position detection area is formed on the second surface on the other end side where the other positioning hole is formed. Is formed at a position different from the axis connecting the pair of first position detection areas, and the other positioning hole is formed at a position different from the axis connecting the pair of second position detection areas
- the configuration may be different.
- the positioning hole and the pair of position detection areas are formed at each of both ends of the second surface, so the position of the structure at each of both ends positioned on the positioning projection of the positioning device And the angle can be recognized with high accuracy.
- the recognition accuracy is improved as compared to the case where the position and the angle of the structure are recognized on the basis of the shapes of both ends of the structure. This is because when the shapes of both ends of the structure are used as a reference, if the processing accuracy of the shape is not sufficient, the recognition accuracy is reduced due to the error of the processing accuracy.
- a pair of projecting portions projecting outward in the long side direction is formed at both end portions in the long side direction, and one positioning hole and one positioning hole are formed in one of the projecting portions.
- the pair of first position detection areas may be formed, and the other positioning hole and the pair of second position detection areas may be formed in the other protrusion.
- the second surface of the one protrusion is processed to increase the difference in luminance with the pair of first position detection areas
- the second protrusion of the other protrusion is The second surface may be processed to increase the difference in luminance with the pair of second position detection areas.
- the pair of first position detection areas and the pair of second position detection areas are through holes through which the first surface and the second surface are penetrated.
- the processing for forming the through holes in the plate-like structure is a processing that can be positioned with relatively high accuracy, so the through holes can be used for the pair of first position detection areas and the pair of second positions detection. By using as a region, detection accuracy of the pair of first position detection regions and the pair of second position detection regions can be enhanced.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a structure capable of accurately recognizing the position and the angle of the portion to be positioned by the positioning device.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the positioning pin shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the positioning pin shown in FIG.
- the assembly system 600 of the present embodiment positions a plurality of plate-like structural members 200 (structures) in which a pair of positioning holes 220 and 221 are formed at both ends in the long side direction to the assembly jig 100 (positioning device) And a system for assembling a plurality of plate-like structural members 200 by processing such as riveting.
- the assembly jig 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a device for positioning a plurality of plate-like structural members 200 having a pair of positioning holes 220 and 221 formed at both end portions in the long side direction.
- the assembly jig 100 is attached to the support portion 110 including the pair of first support members 110 a and the plurality of second support members 110 b, and to the support portion 110 and has a plate-like structure on the support portion 110.
- a pair of positioning portions 120 and 121 for positioning the member 200 is provided.
- the pair of first support members 110 a are long members arranged in parallel along the axis X, and are fixed to an installation surface on which the support portion 110 is installed by a fastening bolt (not shown) or the like.
- the plurality of second support members 110 b is a member having one end fixed to one of the pair of first support members 110 a and the other end fixed to the other of the pair of first support members 110 a. As shown in FIG. 1, each of the plurality of second support members 110 b is disposed in parallel along an axis line Y orthogonal to the axis line X. As shown in FIG. 1, the second support member 110 b has an arch shape in which a central portion along the axis Y protrudes from both end portions with respect to the installation surface on which the first support member 110 a is installed. The second support member 110 b has an arch shape with a curvature in order to support the lower surface of the plate-like structural member 200 along the shape. The plurality of second support members 110 b support the lower surface (first surface) of the plate-like structural member 200 at a plurality of locations along the axis X.
- the pair of positioning portions 120 and 121 are disposed at the same position along the axis Y.
- the three plate-like structural members 200 can be positioned by the pair of positioning portions 120 and 121 of these three sets.
- the three plate-like structural members 200 have a lower surface on the support portion 110 by three pairs of positioning portions 120 and 121 disposed at three different positions along the axis Y. It is positioned with the support 200a.
- the planar structure member 200 shown in FIG. 2 shall be a rectangular shape in planar view, it may be another aspect.
- the plate-like structural member 200 may have a pair of protrusions 210 and 211 formed at both ends of a trapezoidal or other shaped member.
- the plate-like structural member 200 of the present embodiment is, for example, an elongated structural member used for a fuselage or a wing of an aircraft. Although various lengths can be adopted as the lengths in the long side direction and the short side direction, for example, the long side direction is about 8 m to 10 m and the short side direction is about 2 m.
- the thickness of the plate-like structural member 200 is, for example, 3 mm to 5 mm.
- the plate-shaped structural member 200 is an aluminum alloy, for example.
- the plate-like structural member 200 shown in FIG. 2 has no through holes, the through holes are formed at one or a plurality of places (for example, plural places of the plate-like structural member 200 used for the fuselage of an aircraft) It is good also as what formed the through-hole for window attachment formed in.
- the plate-like structural member 200 is a plate-like member having a rectangular shape in plan view and having a pair of positioning holes 220 and 221 formed at both end portions in the long side direction. At both ends in the long side direction of the plate-like structural member 200, a pair of protrusions 210 and 211 are formed so as to protrude outward.
- the pair of positioning holes 220 and 221 are inserted into the pair of positioning pins 120 a and 121 a, and are formed in the pair of projecting portions 210 and 211.
- a pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 are formed on the upper surface 200 b (second surface) of the protrusion 210 on one end side of the plate-like structural member 200 in which the positioning holes 220 are formed.
- a pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 are formed on the upper surface 200b of the protrusion 211 on the other end side of the plate-like structural member 200 in which the positioning holes 221 are formed.
- the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 and the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 are areas to be imaged by the imaging devices 300 b and 301 b described later, respectively, and the control device 500 to calculate the center position.
- the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 and the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 have, for example, a difference (contrast) in luminance with the upper surface 200b of the plate-like structural member 200 when imaged by the imaging devices 300b and 301b. It is an area that grows.
- the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 and the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 are formed, for example, by painting or sticking a seal on the upper surface 200 b of the plate-like structural member 200.
- it may be a through hole through which the lower surface 200a and the upper surface 200b of the pair of protrusions 210 and 211 pass.
- the difference in brightness (contrast) between the positioning hole 220 and the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 It is desirable to process so that it becomes large.
- the other area of the protrusion 210 be subjected to surface processing such as painting and sealing or sanding so as to suppress a mirror state in which external light is reflected.
- surface processing such as painting and sealing or sanding so as to suppress a mirror state in which external light is reflected.
- the positioning hole 220 is formed at a position different from that on the axis Y1 connecting the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231. Further, the positioning hole 221 is formed at a position different from that on the axis Y2 connecting the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233.
- the assembly system 600 includes an assembly jig 100, a plate-like structural member 200, a pair of gripping devices 300 and 301 for moving the plate-like structural member 200 in a gripping state, and a plate-like structure
- a supply stand 400 for temporarily holding the member 200 for supply, and a control device 500 for controlling the assembly system 600 are provided.
- the pair of gripping devices 300 and 301 are vertical articulated robots, and are devices capable of positioning the suction hand units 300a and 301a attached to the tip at any positions on a three-dimensional space in an arbitrary posture.
- the suction hand portions 300a and 301a suction the upper surface 200b of the plate-like structural member 200 by the action of negative pressure.
- imaging devices 300 b and 301 b are attached to the tip end side of the gripping devices 300 and 301.
- the imaging device 300 b captures an image of the protrusion 210 of the plate-like structural member 200 to obtain image information, and transmits the image information to the control device 500.
- the control device 500 receives image information from the imaging device 300b and position / attitude information on the position and orientation of the imaging device 300b at the time of capturing the image information.
- the control device 500 picks up the projecting portion 210 and calculates the position on the image of the positioning hole 220 and the position on the image of each of the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 from the image information, and the image pickup device 300b
- the position and angle (the angle around the axis extending in the long side direction and the angle around the axis extending in the short side direction) of the protrusion 210 with reference to the position and attitude are recognized (calculated).
- the control device 500 causes the inside of the three-dimensional space of the protrusion 210 to be based on the position / attitude information received from the imaging device 300 b and the position and angle of the protrusion 210 based on the position and posture of the imaging device 300 b. Recognize (calculate) the position and angle at
- the imaging device 301 b captures an image of the protrusion 211 of the plate-like structural member 200 to obtain image information, and transmits the image information to the control device 500.
- the control device 500 receives image information from the imaging device 301 b and position / attitude information on the position and orientation of the imaging device 301 b when the image information is captured.
- the control device 500 picks up the projecting portion 211 and calculates the position on the image of the positioning hole 221 and the position on the image of each of the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 from the image information.
- the position and angle (an angle around an axis extending in the long side direction and an angle around an axis extending in the short side direction) of the protrusion 211 with respect to the position and attitude are calculated.
- the control device 500 executes the inside of the three-dimensional space of the projecting portion 211 based on the position / attitude information received from the imaging device 301b and the position and the angle of the projecting portion 211 based on the position and the attitude of the imaging device 301b.
- the control device 500 recognizes (calculates) the position and the angle in the three-dimensional space of the protrusion 210 and the protrusion 211 of the plate-like structural member 200 held by the supply stand 400 by the above processing.
- the pair of gripping devices 300, 301 move the suction hand portions 300a, 301a from the initial position shown by the solid line in FIG. 4 to the position shown by the broken line in FIG. Adsorb. At this time, the gripping device 300 moves the suction hand 300 a to the upper surface of the plate-like structural member 200 based on the position and angle of the protrusion 210 calculated by the control device 500. Similarly, the gripping device 301 moves the suction hand portion 301 a to the upper surface of the plate-like structural member 200 based on the position and angle of the protrusion 211 calculated by the control device 500.
- the pair of gripping devices 300 and 301 cooperate with each other in a state in which both end sides in the long side direction of the long plate-like structural member 200 are adsorbed to the suction hand portions 300a and 301a.
- the plate-like structural member 200 held by the supply stand 400 is moved toward the assembly jig 100.
- the pair of gripping devices 300 and 301 is a plate-like structural member 200 so that the pair of positioning holes 220 and 221 are disposed above the pair of positioning portions 120 and 121 of the assembly jig 100. Move Thereafter, the pair of gripping devices 300 and 301 move the plate-like structural member 200 downward so that the pair of positioning holes 220 and 221 are positioned in the pair of positioning portions 120 and 121.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are cross-sectional views of the positioning unit 120 shown in FIG. 6, taken along the line AA, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the positioning unit 121 shown in FIG.
- the positioning unit 120 includes a positioning pin 120 a (a positioning protrusion) inserted into the positioning hole 220 of the plate-like structural member 200, and an attachment member 120 b for attaching the positioning pin 120 a to the second support member 110 b. Equipped with a positioning pin 120 a (a positioning protrusion) inserted into the positioning hole 220 of the plate-like structural member 200, and an attachment member 120 b for attaching the positioning pin 120 a to the second support member 110 b. Equipped with
- FIGS. 4 to 6 Although only one of the three pairs of positioning portions 120 and 121 shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 will be described below, the other two pairs of structures are assumed to be the same, and the description will be omitted.
- the example shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 is an example in which one plate-like structural member 200 is installed in the assembly jig 100, the assembly system 600 of the present embodiment is different from the other two plate-like ones. It is assumed that the structural member 200 can be supplied to the supply stand 400 continuously to the other two sets of positioning units 120 and 121, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the mounting member 120b is fastened to the second support member 110b by a plurality of fastening bolts
- the positioning pin 120a is fastened to the mounting member 120b by a plurality of fastening bolts.
- the positioning pin 120a is attached to the second support member 110b via the attachment member 120b.
- the positioning pin 120a is a member formed in an axial shape extending along the axis Z1, and is inserted into the positioning hole 220 from the lower surface 200a to the upper surface 200b of the plate-like structural member 200. It is. As shown in FIG. 7, the positioning pin 120 a has a tapered shape in which the outer diameter gradually decreases from OD ⁇ b> 1 from the proximal end 120 c located below to the distal end 120 d. The portion from the proximal end 120c to the distal end 120d of the positioning pin 120a has a truncated cone shape whose cross section is circular.
- the positioning pin 120a is arranged such that the base end 120c is inserted into the positioning hole 220 in a state where the lower surface 200a of the plate-like structural member 200 is supported by the second support member 110b. ing.
- the outer diameter OD1 of the proximal end 120c is smaller than the inner diameter ID1 of the positioning hole 220 into which the proximal end 120c is inserted.
- the difference between the inner diameter ID1 and the outer diameter OD1 is equal to or less than twice the positioning error (for example, 0.2 mm) allowed when the assembly jig 100 positions the plate-like structural member 200. By doing this, the gap formed between the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end portion 120c and the inner peripheral surface of the positioning hole 220 is maintained at or below the positioning error.
- the plate-like structural member 200 is moved downward by the gripping devices 300 and 301 in the order of the position P1, the position P2 and the position P3 while being held by the suction hand 300a. If the positioning accuracy of the gripping devices 300 and 301 is larger than the permissible positioning error, the positioning hole 220 at the position P1 if the outer diameter of the distal end 120d of the positioning pin 120a is the same as the outer diameter OD1 of the proximal end 120c. The tip portion 120d can not be disposed inside the region where the 3D is disposed. Therefore, the tip end 120d of the positioning pin 120a can not be inserted into the positioning hole 220.
- the outer diameter of the distal end portion 120d of the positioning pin 120a of the present embodiment is smaller than the outer diameter OD1 of the proximal end portion 120c. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the tip end portion 120d is disposed inside the area where the positioning hole 220 is disposed at the position P1. Therefore, even if the positioning accuracy when transporting the plate-like structural member 200 to the assembly jig 100 is not sufficient, the tip of the positioning pin 120a is inserted into the positioning hole 220 formed in the plate-like structural member 200. can do.
- the gripping devices 300 and 301 move the plate-like structural member 200 downward from the position P1
- the tip 120d of the positioning pin 120a is inserted into the positioning hole 220
- the plate-like structural member 200 is positioned Move to P2.
- the inner circumferential surface of the positioning hole 220 contacts the tapered outer circumferential surface of the positioning pin 120a.
- the axis Z2 as the central axis of the positioning hole 220 is separated from the axis Z1 as the central axis of the positioning pin 120a by the distance d1.
- the axis Z2 of the positioning hole 220 is the axis Z1 of the positioning pin 120a by the reaction force received from the outer peripheral surface of the tapered shape of the positioning pin 120a.
- the plate-like structural member 200 is moved in the direction to approach (positioning process).
- the distance between axis Z 2 of positioning hole 220 and axis Z 1 of positioning pin 120 a is It is less than the allowable positioning error.
- these three plate-like structural members 200 are assembled by processing such as riveting.
- the protrusions 210 and 211 of the three plate-like structural members 200 are cut by a cutting device (not shown). The protrusions 210 and 211 are cut because they are unnecessary parts as a final product.
- the protrusions 210 and 211 are cut because the positioning holes 220 and 221, the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231, and the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 are unnecessary parts as a final product. Is formed. Therefore, it can be used to accurately recognize the position and angle of the plate-like structural member 200 by utilizing the protrusions 210 and 211 which are not used as final products.
- the positioning pin 121a, the attachment member 121b, the base end 121c, and the tip end 121d shown in FIG. 8 correspond to the positioning pin 120a, the attachment member 120b, the base end 120c, and the tip end 120d shown in FIG. Further, an axis Z3 which is a central axis of positioning pin 121a shown in FIG.
- an axis Z4 which is a central axis of positioning hole 221, and a distance d2 between axis Z3 and axis Z4 are respectively the centers of positioning pin 120a shown in FIG. It corresponds to an axis Z1 as an axis, an axis Z2 as a central axis of the positioning hole 220, and a distance d1 between the axis Z1 and the axis Z2.
- the positioning holes 220 and 221, the position detection areas 230 and 231, and the position detection areas 232 and 233 are formed at both end portions in the long side direction.
- the position and angle of the plate-like structural member 200 (the angle around the axis extending in the long side direction and the short side direction at each of both ends in the long side direction positioned by the positioning pins 120a and 121a of the assembly jig 100) It is possible to accurately recognize the angle about the axis extending in the In particular, the recognition accuracy is improved as compared to the case where the position and the angle of the plate-like structural member 200 are recognized on the basis of the shapes of both ends of the plate-like structural member 200. This is because when the shapes of both ends of the plate-like structural member 200 are used as a reference, if the processing accuracy of the shape is not sufficient, the recognition accuracy is lowered due to the error of the processing accuracy.
- the plate-like structural member 200 has any angle. Also, the angle of the plate-like structural member 200 can be reliably recognized from the image information obtained by imaging the positioning hole 220 (221) and the pair of position detection areas 230, 231 (232, 233). This is because, when the positioning hole 220 (221) and the pair of position detection areas 230, 231 (232, 233) are arranged on the same axis, when the plate-like structural member 200 rotates around the axis connecting these, This is because the angle around the axis can not be recognized from the image information. As described above, according to the plate-like structural member 200 of the present embodiment, it is possible to accurately recognize the position and posture of the portion positioned by the assembly jig 100.
- the pair of protrusions 210 and 211 is cut or the like. It becomes possible to accurately detect the position and orientation of the plate-like structural member 200 without performing any processing on the portion required in the final product.
- the positions of the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 are calculated from the image information obtained by imaging the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 by the imaging device 300b.
- the calculation accuracy can be increased.
- the positions of the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 are calculated from image information obtained by imaging the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 by the imaging device 301 b, the calculation accuracy may be increased. it can.
- the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 and the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 may be through holes. Since the processing for forming the through holes in the plate-like structural member 200 is processing capable of positioning with relatively high accuracy, the through holes can be used as a pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 and a pair of position detection areas 232 and 233. As a result, the detection accuracy of the pair of position detection areas 230 and 231 and the pair of position detection areas 232 and 233 can be enhanced.
- Assembly jig (positioning device) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 110 Support part 110a 1st support member 110b 2nd support member 120, 121 Positioning part 120a Positioning pin (positioning projection part) 120b mounting member 120c base end portion 120d tip portion 200 plate-like structural member (structure) 200a lower surface (first surface) 200b upper surface (second surface) Reference numerals 210 and 211 Projections 220 and 221 Positioning holes 230 and 231 Position detection area (first position detection area) 232, 233 Position detection area (second position detection area) 300, 301 Grasping device 300a, 301a Suction hand part 300b, 301b Imaging device 400 Supply stand 500 Control device 600 Assembly system OD1 Outer diameter ID1 Inner diameter
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1に開示される三次元位置計測装置は、対象物の画像を複数の位置で撮像して対象物の特徴点を抽出し、抽出した特徴点と撮像したカメラの位置とに基づいて、対象物の三次元位置をステレオ計測するものである。
しかしながら、特許文献1は、対象物全体の三次元位置を計測することが開示されているに過ぎず、位置決めされる部分の位置および姿勢を精度良く認識することを何ら開示するものではない。
本発明の一態様にかかる構造体は、位置決め突起部を備える位置決め装置に第1面が支持された状態で位置決めされるとともに板状に形成され、端部に形成されるとともに前記位置決め突起部に挿入される位置決め孔と、前記位置決め孔が形成される端部の第2面に形成される一対の第1位置検出用領域と、を備え、前記位置決め孔が、前記一対の第1位置検出用領域を結ぶ軸線上とは異なる位置に形成される。
以上のように本発明の一態様にかかる構造体によれば、位置決め装置に位置決めされる部分の位置および姿勢を精度良く認識させることが可能な構造体を提供することができる。
このようにすることで、構造体を位置決め装置に位置決めして必要な組立作業を行った後に一対の突出部を切断等することにより、最終製品で必要となる部分に何らの加工もせずに、構造体の位置および姿勢の検出を精度よく認識させることが可能となる。
このようにすることで、一対の第1位置検出用領域を撮像装置により撮像して得られる画像情報から一対の第1位置検出用領域の位置を算出する場合に、その算出精度を高くすることができる。同様に、一対の第2位置検出用領域を撮像装置により撮像して得られる画像情報から一対の第2位置検出用領域の位置を算出する場合に、その算出精度を高くすることができる。
板状に形成される構造体に貫通孔を形成する加工は、比較的高精度に位置決め可能な加工であるため、この貫通孔を一対の第1位置検出用領域および一対の第2位置検出用領域として用いることにより、一対の第1位置検出用領域および一対の第2位置検出用領域の検出精度を高めることができる。
本実施形態の組立システム600は、長辺方向の両端部に一対の位置決め孔220,221が形成された複数の板状構造部材200(構造体)を組立用治具100(位置決め装置)に位置決めし、複数の板状構造部材200を鋲打ち(リベッティング)等の加工により組み立てるシステムである。
図1に示すように、組立用治具100は、一対の第1支持部材110aと複数の第2支持部材110bからなる支持部110と、支持部110に取り付けられるとともに支持部110に板状構造部材200を位置決めする一対の位置決め部120,121とを備える。
一対の第1支持部材110aは、軸線Xに沿って平行に配置される長尺状の部材であり、支持部110が設置される設置面に締結ボルト(図示略)等により固定されている。
図1に示すように、第2支持部材110bは、第1支持部材110aが設置される設置面に対して軸線Yに沿った中央部が両端部よりも突出したアーチ形状となっている。第2支持部材110bが曲率を持ったアーチ形状となっているのは、板状構造部材200の下面をその形状に沿って支持するためである。複数の第2支持部材110bは、板状構造部材200の下面(第1面)を軸線Xに沿った複数箇所で支持する。
なお、図2に示す板状構造部材200は、平面視が矩形状であるものとしたが他の態様であってもよい。例えば、板状構造部材200は台形状やその他の形状の部材の両端部に一対の突出部210,211を形成したものであってもよい。
本実施形態の板状構造部材200は、例えば、航空機の胴体や主翼に用いられる長尺状の構造部材である。長辺方向および短辺方向の長さとしては種々の長さが採用可能であるが、例えば長辺方向が8m~10m、短辺方向が2m程度である。また、板状構造部材200の厚みは、例えば3mm~5mmである。
また、図2に示す板状構造部材200は、貫通穴が形成されていないものであるが、1箇所あるいは複数箇所に貫通穴(例えば、航空機の胴体に用いられる板状構造部材200の複数箇所に形成される窓取付用の貫通穴)を形成したものとしてもよい。
一対の位置検出用領域230,231および一対の位置検出用領域232,233は、それぞれ後述する撮像装置300b,301bにより撮像され、その中心位置を制御装置500により算出するための領域である。
一対の位置検出用領域230,231および一対の位置検出用領域232,233は、例えば、板状構造部材200の上面200bに塗装をし、あるいはシールを貼り付けることにより形成される。また、例えば、一対の位置決め孔220,221と同様に、一対の突出部210,211の下面200aと上面200bとを貫通させる貫通孔としてもよい。
突出部211において、位置決め孔221および一対の位置検出用領域232,233が形成されない他の領域についても同様である。
図4に示すように、組立システム600は、組立用治具100と、板状構造部材200と、板状構造部材200を把持した状態で移動させる一対の把持装置300,301と、板状構造部材200を供給するために一時的に保持する供給台400と、組立システム600を制御する制御装置500とを備える。
吸着ハンド部300a,301aは、負圧の作用により板状構造部材200の上面200bを吸着させるものである。
また、把持装置300,301の先端側には、撮像装置300b,301bが取り付けられている。
制御装置500は、以上の処理により、供給台400に保持される板状構造部材200の突出部210および突出部211の三次元空間内での位置および角度を認識(算出)する。
この際、把持装置300は、制御装置500が算出した突出部210の位置および角度に基づいて吸着ハンド部300aを板状構造部材200の上面に移動させる。同様に、把持装置301は、制御装置500が算出した突出部211の位置および角度に基づいて吸着ハンド部301aを板状構造部材200の上面に移動させる。
図7に示すように、位置決め部120は、板状構造部材200の位置決め孔220に挿入される位置決めピン120a(位置決め突起部)と、位置決めピン120aを第2支持部材110bに取り付ける取付部材120bとを備える。
また、図4から図6に示す例は、1枚の板状構造部材200を組立用治具100に設置する例であるが、本実施形態の組立システム600は、他の2枚の板状構造部材200を他の2組の位置決め部120,121に連続的に供給台400に供給可能であるものとし、説明を省略する。
図7に示すように、位置決めピン120aは、下方に位置する基端部120cから先端部120dへ向けて外径がOD1から漸次小さくなるテーパ形状となっている。位置決めピン120aの基端部120cから先端部120dに至る部分は、断面が円形の円錐台形状となっている。
内径ID1と外径OD1との差分は、組立用治具100が板状構造部材200を位置決めする際に許容される位置決め誤差(例えば0.2mm)の2倍以下となっている。このようにすることで、基端部120cの外周面と位置決め孔220の内周面との間に形成される隙間が位置決め誤差以下に維持される。
位置P2において、位置決め孔220の内周面が位置決めピン120aのテーパ形状の外周面と接触する。位置P2においては、位置決め孔220の中心軸となる軸線Z2は位置決めピン120aの中心軸となる軸線Z1と距離d1だけ離間している。
3枚の板状構造部材200が組み立てられた後、3枚の板状構造部材200が有する突出部210,211は、切断装置(図示略)により切断される。突出部210,211を切断するのは、これらが最終製品として不要な部分であるからである。
図8に示す位置決めピン121a,取付部材121b,基端部121c,先端部121dは、それぞれ図7に示す位置決めピン120a,取付部材120b,基端部120c,先端部120dと対応している。
また、図8に示す位置決めピン121aの中心軸となる軸線Z3,位置決め孔221の中心軸となる軸線Z4,軸線Z3と軸線Z4の間の距離d2は、それぞれ図7に示す位置決めピン120aの中心軸となる軸線Z1,位置決め孔220の中心軸となる軸線Z2,軸線Z1と軸線Z2の間の距離d1と対応している。
本実施形態の板状構造部材200によれば、長辺方向の両端部のそれぞれに位置決め孔220,221と位置検出用領域230,231および位置検出用領域232,233が形成される。そのため、組立用治具100の位置決めピン120a,121aに位置決めされる長辺方向の両端部のそれぞれにおいて、板状構造部材200の位置および角度(長辺方向に延びる軸線回りの角度および短辺方向に延びる軸線回りの角度)を精度良く認識させることが可能となる。特に、板状構造部材200の両端部の形状を基準として板状構造部材200の位置および角度を認識させる場合に比べ、認識精度が向上する。これは、板状構造部材200の両端部の形状を基準とする場合、その形状の加工精度が十分でないと、加工精度の誤差によって認識精度が低下してしまうからである。
以上のように本実施形態の板状構造部材200によれば、組立用治具100に位置決めされる部分の位置および姿勢を精度良く認識させることできる。
板状構造部材200に貫通孔を形成する加工は、比較的高精度に位置決め可能な加工であるため、この貫通孔を一対の位置検出用領域230,231および一対の位置検出用領域232,233として用いることにより、一対の位置検出用領域230,231および一対の位置検出用領域232,233の検出精度を高めることができる。
110 支持部
110a 第1支持部材
110b 第2支持部材
120,121 位置決め部
120a 位置決めピン(位置決め突起部)
120b 取付部材
120c 基端部
120d 先端部
200 板状構造部材(構造体)
200a 下面(第1面)
200b 上面(第2面)
210,211 突出部
220,221 位置決め孔
230,231 位置検出用領域(第1位置検出用領域)
232,233 位置検出用領域(第2位置検出用領域)
300,301 把持装置
300a,301a 吸着ハンド部
300b,301b 撮像装置
400 供給台
500 制御装置
600 組立システム
OD1 外径
ID1 内径
Claims (5)
- 位置決め突起部を備える位置決め装置に第1面が支持された状態で位置決めされるとともに板状に形成される構造体であって、
端部に形成されるとともに前記位置決め突起部に挿入される位置決め孔と、
前記位置決め孔が形成される端部の第2面に形成される一対の第1位置検出用領域と、を備え、
前記位置決め孔が、前記一対の第1位置検出用領域を結ぶ軸線上とは異なる位置に形成される構造体。 - 一対の前記位置決め突起部に挿入される一対の前記位置決め孔が両端部に形成されており、
一方の前記位置決め孔が形成される一端側の前記第2面に前記一対の第1位置検出用領域が形成され、
他方の前記位置決め孔が形成される他端側の前記第2面に形成される一対の第2位置検出用領域を備え、
前記一方の位置決め孔が前記一対の第1位置検出用領域を結ぶ軸線上とは異なる位置に形成され、前記他方の位置決め孔が前記一対の第2位置検出用領域を結ぶ軸線上とは異なる位置に形成される請求項1に記載の構造体。 - 前記両端部に外方へ突出する一対の突出部が形成され、
一方の前記突出部に前記一方の位置決め孔および前記一対の第1位置検出用領域が形成され、
他方の前記突出部に前記他方の位置決め孔および前記一対の第2位置検出用領域が形成される請求項2に記載の構造体。 - 前記一方の突出部の前記第2面には、前記一対の第1位置検出用領域との輝度の差を大きくする加工がされており、
前記他方の突出部の前記第2面には、前記一対の第2位置検出用領域との輝度の差を大きくする加工がされている請求項3に記載の構造体。 - 前記第1位置検出用領域は、前記第1面と前記第2面とを貫通させる貫通孔である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
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