WO2016194784A1 - イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016194784A1 WO2016194784A1 PCT/JP2016/065644 JP2016065644W WO2016194784A1 WO 2016194784 A1 WO2016194784 A1 WO 2016194784A1 JP 2016065644 W JP2016065644 W JP 2016065644W WO 2016194784 A1 WO2016194784 A1 WO 2016194784A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- carbon atoms
- formula
- atom
- compound
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 298
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 107
- -1 thienopyrrole ring Chemical group 0.000 description 102
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 95
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 95
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 91
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 82
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 82
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 81
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 80
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 62
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 60
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 54
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 50
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 41
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 34
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 23
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 16
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 10
- IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 0 *c1c(*)c(*)c(*)c(-c2nc(*)c(*)c(*)c2*)c1 Chemical compound *c1c(*)c(*)c(*)c(-c2nc(*)c(*)c(*)c2*)c1 0.000 description 6
- DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CZKMPDNXOGQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethyl)germane Chemical compound CC[Ge](Cl)(CC)CC CZKMPDNXOGQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 6
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical class N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prehnitene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1C UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSIGJGFTADMDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 OSIGJGFTADMDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLMBNEVGYRXFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C BLMBNEVGYRXFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UJCFZCTTZWHRNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dimethylanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C UJCFZCTTZWHRNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WLPFTJXVEBANAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromophenyl)pyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(C=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 WLPFTJXVEBANAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- UDEWPOVQBGFNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid n-propyl ester Natural products CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UDEWPOVQBGFNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OLXYLDUSSBULGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pyridine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 OLXYLDUSSBULGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 3
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003967 siloles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 3
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJAAWBHHXIWAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(2-phenylethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 IJAAWBHHXIWAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBODDUNKEPPBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dibromopentane Chemical compound BrCCCCCBr IBODDUNKEPPBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMLPKJYZRQZLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-phenylethenyl)-4-[4-(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZMLPKJYZRQZLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTPUUDQIXKUAMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-iodobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(I)=C1 CTPUUDQIXKUAMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEBQUUKDSJCPIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12h-benzo[a]thioxanthene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C3CC4=CC=CC=C4SC3=CC=C21 YEBQUUKDSJCPIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVRPFRMDMNDIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-quinazolin-2-one Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=NC(O)=NC=C21 AVRPFRMDMNDIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLYPIBBGWLKELC-RMKNXTFCSA-N 2-[2-[(e)-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]-6-methylpyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical class C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C(C)O1 YLYPIBBGWLKELC-RMKNXTFCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTFKRVXLBCAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1C DTFKRVXLBCAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POSWICCRDBKBMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound CC1CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 POSWICCRDBKBMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylthiophene Chemical compound CC=1C=CSC=1 QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000284156 Clerodendrum quadriloculare Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001562 benzopyrans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005578 chrysene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylcyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1CCCCC1 WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHADSMKORVFYOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCCCC1 FHADSMKORVFYOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIRFCWANHMSDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCC1 IIRFCWANHMSDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyacetone Chemical compound OCC(=O)CO RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N flavonol Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGCTVLNZTFDPDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-3,5-dione Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC(=O)CC DGCTVLNZTFDPDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine hydrate Chemical compound O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CCCC WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000005327 perimidinyl group Chemical group N1C(=NC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 2
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical class [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DTGFBBFYTMOQGC-ZMPKAQECSA-N (1e)-2-[6-[[amino-[(e)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic aci Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1NC(/N)=N/C(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)\N=C(/N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DTGFBBFYTMOQGC-ZMPKAQECSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYCYKHYFIWHGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-phenylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HYCYKHYFIWHGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CSNIZNHTOVFARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=NSC2=C1 CSNIZNHTOVFARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoxazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=NOC2=C1 KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKEWBOPVULFSFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroperimidin-2-one Chemical class C1=CC(NC(O)=N2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 NKEWBOPVULFSFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- MXVLMYZRJAHEIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-phenylphenyl)naphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 MXVLMYZRJAHEIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPLLWKZDMKTEMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)benzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC(C=2C=C(Br)C=CC=2)=C1 LPLLWKZDMKTEMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXGUPNDDNULQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-(3-iodophenyl)benzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC(C=2C=C(I)C=CC=2)=C1 RAXGUPNDDNULQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UALKQROXOHJHFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 UALKQROXOHJHFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- LIWRTHVZRZXVFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-3-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical group CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 LIWRTHVZRZXVFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQRCTQVBZYBPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 189363-47-1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC(=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C13)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MQRCTQVBZYBPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVFJWYZMQAEBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzo[h]quinolin-10-one Chemical compound C1=CNC2=C3C(=O)C=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 ZVFJWYZMQAEBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=N1 IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTUBTKOZCCGPSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-naphthalen-1-yl-1-n,1-n,2-n-triphenylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTUBTKOZCCGPSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWPFFKQILIFMAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 FWPFFKQILIFMAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLEKYFPINOSNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine;rhenium Chemical compound [Re].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 FLEKYFPINOSNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QUJGDNCWTBTBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dibromobenzonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC(Br)=CC(C#N)=C1 QUJGDNCWTBTBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-phenylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STXAVEHFKAXGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromobenzonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1 STXAVEHFKAXGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGVHNLRUAMRIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)CC1 VGVHNLRUAMRIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYBLVRRCNVHZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Hydroxyflavone Chemical compound C=1C(=O)C=2C(O)=CC=CC=2OC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 IYBLVRRCNVHZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEDUIFSDODUDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound N1N=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OEDUIFSDODUDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHCVCNZIJZMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-pyridazino[3,4-b]indole Chemical group N1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=N1 BZHCVCNZIJZMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BIUNYMXQLNNMJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fc(c([B-](c(c(F)c(c(F)c1F)F)c1F)(c(c(F)c(c(F)c1F)F)c1F)c(c(F)c(c(F)c1F)F)c1F)c(c(F)c1F)F)c1F Chemical compound Fc(c([B-](c(c(F)c(c(F)c1F)F)c1F)(c(c(F)c(c(F)c1F)F)c1F)c(c(F)c(c(F)c1F)F)c1F)c(c(F)c1F)F)c1F BIUNYMXQLNNMJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISZWRZGKEWQACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Primuletin Natural products OC1=CC=CC(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C=2)=C1 ISZWRZGKEWQACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006161 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIZLXGRTCCYWCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(3-phenylphenyl)phenyl]boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 XIZLXGRTCCYWCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHYLKGDXMUDNEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[In] Chemical compound [Mg].[In] JHYLKGDXMUDNEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQMXWGWZHPEURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Os].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=NC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Os].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=NC=CC=C1 NQMXWGWZHPEURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWZNMFIGGHVLSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 Chemical compound [Ru].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 BWZNMFIGGHVLSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005336 allyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012935 ammoniumperoxodisulfate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TXVHTIQJNYSSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e]pyrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34 TXVHTIQJNYSSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCAUQPZEWLULFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[f]quinoline Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=N1 HCAUQPZEWLULFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinoline Chemical group C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical group C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N borane Chemical compound [10BH3] UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000259 cinnolinyl group Chemical group N1=NC(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004775 coumarins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2[34S]C3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004915 dibutylamino group Chemical group C(CCC)N(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000775 emeraldine polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003914 fluoranthenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZTYYDUBWJTUMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,2-b]furan Chemical group O1C=CC2=C1C=CO2 ZTYYDUBWJTUMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Phenylpyridine Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K iridium(3+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ir+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UEEXRMUCXBPYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 UEEXRMUCXBPYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005447 octyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004816 paper chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005385 peroxodisulfate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005359 phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MHOZZUICEDXVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[2,3-d]imidazole Chemical group C1=NC2=CC=NC2=N1 MHOZZUICEDXVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQGPLDBZHMVWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Chemical group C1=NC2=CC=NC2=C1 RQGPLDBZHMVWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZTPJDLYPMPRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyrazole Chemical group N1=NC2=CC=NC2=C1 GZTPJDLYPMPRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005579 tetracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONCNIMLKGZSAJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]furan Chemical group S1C=CC2=C1C=CO2 ONCNIMLKGZSAJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Chemical group S1C=CC2=C1C=CS2 VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0033—Iridium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an iridium complex compound, and in particular, an iridium complex compound useful as a material for a light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescence device, a composition containing the compound and a solvent, an organic electroluminescence device containing the compound, and the organic electroluminescence
- the present invention relates to a display device including an element and illumination.
- organic electroluminescent elements such as organic EL lighting and organic EL displays
- organic EL elements organic electroluminescent elements
- the organic EL element has a low applied voltage and low power consumption and can emit light of three primary colors
- application to lighting and displays is being studied.
- a phosphorescent material for the light emitting layer of the organic EL element.
- the phosphorescent material include bis (2-phenylpyridinato-N, C2 ′) iridium acetylacetonate (Ir (ppy) 2 (acac)) and tris (2-phenylpyridinato-N, C2).
- ') Orthometalated iridium complexes including (Ir (ppy) 3 ) iridium are widely known.
- a vacuum deposition method is mainly used as a method for forming an organic EL element using a phosphorescent material.
- the device is usually manufactured by laminating a plurality of layers such as a light emitting layer, a charge injection layer, and a charge transport layer. Therefore, the vacuum vapor deposition method has a problem that the vapor deposition process is complicated, the productivity is inferior, and it is extremely difficult to increase the size of an illumination or display panel composed of these elements.
- an organic EL element can be formed by a coating method to form a layer. Since the coating method can easily form a stable layer as compared with the vacuum deposition method, it is expected to be applied to mass production of displays and lighting devices and large devices. In order to form a film by a coating method, it is necessary that the organic material contained in the layer is easily dissolved in an organic solvent. Usually, a low boiling point and low viscosity solvent such as toluene is used. An ink prepared with such a solvent can be easily formed by a spin coating method or the like.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 For the production of organic EL elements by the coating method, it is mainly necessary to improve the solubility of the orthometalated iridium complex.
- a specific functional group such as an alkyl group or an aralkyl group is introduced as a solubilizing group into a molecular structure (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the solubility is improved by devising the structure of the ligand without introducing a solubilizing group (Patent Document 3).
- the iridium complex which is a phosphorescent material
- the iridium complex is vulnerable to reduction, when it receives an electron and becomes an anionic state, the iridium complex itself deteriorates or the charge transport material existing around the iridium complex in the light emitting layer deteriorates. Therefore, there is a problem that the light emission efficiency and the driving life of the element are lowered.
- so-called heavy doping is sometimes performed in which the concentration of the iridium complex in the light emitting layer is increased.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has good storage stability even in the state of a composition mixed with a charge transport material, and has a light emitting layer formed using the composition. It is an object of the present invention to provide an iridium complex compound having improved device characteristics of an organic electroluminescent device. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element having an improved element lifetime, and a display device and a lighting device using the organic electric field element.
- the iridium complex compound having a specific chemical structure has good storage stability even in the state of the composition mixed with the charge transport material, and The present inventors have found that an organic electroluminescence device having a light emitting layer formed using the composition can have high luminous efficiency and can have a long driving life, and have completed the present invention. That is, the gist of the present invention resides in the following [1] to [9].
- Ir represents an iridium atom.
- Ring Cy 1 represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring containing carbon atoms C 1 and C 2
- Ring Cy 2 represents a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing carbon atom C 3 and nitrogen atom N 1
- Ring Cy 3 represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring containing carbon atoms C 4 and C 5
- Ring Cy 4 represents a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing carbon atom C 6 and nitrogen atom N 2 .
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an amino group, a hydroxy group, a mercapto group, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, carbon An alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and 3 carbon atoms It is selected from an arylamino group having ⁇ 30, an aralkyl group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms, formula (2) or formula (3). However, at least one of R 1 or R 2 is represented by the following formula (2), and at least one of R 3 or R 4 is represented by the
- R may be the same or different for each occurrence, and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, or a fluorine atom that may be further substituted with 1 carbon atom. It is selected from an alkyl group having ⁇ 20, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an amino group which may be further substituted with an aryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R ′ may be the same or different for each occurrence, and each R ′ is independently further substituted with a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be further substituted with a fluorine atom. Or an aralkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- R represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- y represents an integer of 1 to 10. * Represents a bond.
- R is synonymous with the formula (2), R ′′ may be the same or different for each occurrence, and each R ′′ is independently a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be further substituted with a fluorine atom, It is selected from a naphthyl group optionally substituted with 20 alkyl groups or aryl groups, or a heteroaryl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the groups R 1 to R 4 excluding the groups represented by the formula (2) and the formula (3) may be further substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a fluorine atom. It may be further substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms or an arylamino group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms which may be further substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. When there are a plurality of R 1 to R 4 , they may be the same or different.
- an alkylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or 6 to 6 carbon atoms. 12 may be bonded through an arylene group to form a ring, and these rings may be further substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a fluorine atom, and may have 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms which may be further substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or 3 carbon atoms May be substituted with up to 30 arylamino groups.
- R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 are bonded directly or through an alkylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- a ring may be formed, and these rings may be further substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Substituted by an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms or an arylamino group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be further substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms It may be.
- R, R ′, and h are as defined in Formula (2).
- R, R ′′, and k are synonymous with those in the formula (3).
- At least one of R 1 is represented by Formula (2) or Formula (4), and at least one of R 3 is represented by Formula (3) or Formula (5) [1] Or the iridium complex compound as described in [2].
- the iridium complex compound of the present invention is soluble in an organic solvent, and an organic electroluminescence device can be prepared by a coating method. Since the organic electroluminescent device containing the iridium complex compound has high luminous efficiency and a long driving life, the iridium complex compound is useful as a material for an organic electroluminescent device. Furthermore, the organic electroluminescent element obtained by using the iridium complex compound is useful for display devices and lighting devices.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the structure of the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention.
- the iridium complex compound of the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- Ring Cy 1 represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring containing carbon atoms C 1 and C 2 coordinated to an iridium atom
- Ring Cy 3 represents an aromatic ring containing carbon atoms C 4 and C 5 coordinated to an iridium atom or Represents a heteroaromatic ring.
- Ring Cy 1 and ring Cy 3 are more preferably a hydrocarbon aromatic ring, more preferably a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring, and particularly preferably a benzene ring.
- Ring Cy 2 represents a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing nitrogen atom N 1 coordinated to carbon atom C 3 and an iridium atom
- ring Cy 4 represents nitrogen atom N 2 coordinated to carbon atom C 6 and an iridium atom.
- a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring Specifically, a pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, triazine ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, sinoline ring, quinoxaline ring, perimidine ring, quinazoline ring, and quinazolinone ring are preferable.
- pyridine is preferable because it is easy to introduce a substituent and easily adjust the emission wavelength and solubility, and since many methods are known that can be synthesized with good yield when complexing with iridium.
- a ring, a pyrazine ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, a pyrimidine ring, a triazine ring, a quinoxaline ring and a quinazoline ring and more preferably a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring and a quinoxaline ring.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 each represent a group bonded to the ring Cy 1 , the ring Cy 2 , the ring Cy 3 and the ring Cy 4 .
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an amino group, a hydroxy group, a mercapto group, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, carbon An alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and 3 carbon atoms It is selected from an arylamino group having ⁇ 30, an aralkyl group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms, formula (2) or formula (3).
- a, b, c and d each independently represent an integer of 1 to 4; a is preferably 1 to 2 and most preferably 1 from the viewpoint that the solubility of the complex is sufficiently maintained and the hole transportability is good. b is preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 to 1, and most preferably 0 from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the solubility of the complex and adjusting durability and emission color. c is preferably 1 to 2, and most preferably 1, from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the solubility of the complex and good hole transportability. d is preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 to 1, and most preferably 0 from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the solubility of the complex and adjusting durability and emission color.
- At least one of R 1 and R 2 is a group represented by the following formula (2).
- the light emitting material can transport electric charges inside the device, it is considered to play a role of transporting holes, particularly in a heavy doped device. If the holes are not easily transported, the position is limited to charge recombination in the light emitting layer, so that the light emission efficiency and thus the driving life is reduced. Since hole transport largely depends on the ring Cy 1 and its substituent, at least one R 1 is preferably a group represented by the formula (2) from the viewpoint of facilitating hole transport.
- x represents an integer of 0 to 10, and is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 1 or more, and still more preferably from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the solubility of the complex and good hole transportability. 2 or more. Moreover, Preferably it is 10 or less, More preferably, it is 8 or less, More preferably, it is 6 or less.
- h represents an integer of 1 to 3, and is preferably 1 from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the solubility of the complex. * Represents a bond.
- R may be the same or different for each occurrence, and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, or a fluorine atom that may be further substituted with 1 carbon atom.
- R is more preferably a hydrogen atom, and all R are particularly preferably hydrogen atoms.
- At least one R is preferably a fluorine atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be further substituted with a fluorine atom. More preferably, only one or two R out of Rs in one ligand are a fluorine atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be further substituted with a fluorine atom, It is most preferable that only one R out of R of one ligand is a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be further substituted with a fluorine atom.
- R ′ may be the same or different for each occurrence, and each R ′ is independently further substituted with a C 4-20 alkyl group which may be further substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom.
- aralkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms preferably a linear alkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably an aralkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms. is there.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms include a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, and a cyclic alkyl group, and more specifically, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n- Examples include hexyl group, n-octyl group, isopropyl group, isobutyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like. From the viewpoint of solubility and durability, a linear alkyl group is preferable, and a linear alkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the aralkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms include phenylmethyl group, phenylethyl group, 1,1-dimethyl-1-phenylmethyl group, 3-phenyl-1-propyl group, 4-phenyl-1-n- Butyl group, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl group, 5-phenyl-1-n-propyl group, 6-phenyl-1-n-hexyl group, 7-phenyl-1-n-heptyl group, 8-phenyl- Examples thereof include a 1-n-octyl group and a 4-phenylcyclohexyl group.
- a preferable group as R ′ is an aralkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms having an aromatic group having an affinity for an alkylene moiety for ensuring solubility and a charge transport material, and a more preferable group is carbon.
- aralkyl groups particularly preferably 1,1-dimethyl-1-phenylmethyl group and 5-phenyl-1-n-propyl group from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent and ease of synthesis 6-phenyl-1-n-hexyl group, 7-phenyl-1-n-heptyl group and 8-phenyl-1-n-octyl group.
- At least one of R 3 and R 4 is a group represented by the following formula (3).
- the light emitting material can transport electric charges inside the device, it is considered to play a role of transporting holes, particularly in a heavy doped device. If the holes are not easily transported, the position is limited to charge recombination in the light emitting layer, so that the light emission efficiency and thus the driving life is reduced. Since hole transport largely depends on the ring Cy 3 and its substituent, at least one R 3 is preferably a group represented by the formula (3) from the viewpoint of facilitating hole transport.
- y represents an integer of 1 to 10, and is preferably 2 or more from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the solubility of the complex and good hole transportability. Further, it is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 6 or less.
- K represents an integer of 0 to 5, and 0 or 1 is preferable from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the solubility of the complex and good hole transportability. From the viewpoint of better hole transportability, 0 is more preferable. * Represents a bond.
- R in formula (3) has the same meaning as in formula (2).
- R ′′ may be the same or different for each occurrence, and each R ′′ is independently a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be further substituted with a fluorine atom, It is selected from a naphthyl group optionally substituted with 20 alkyl groups or an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group optionally substituted with an aryl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. From the viewpoint of promoting hole transportability, an alkyl group or naphthyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group or naphthyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the iridium complex in the present invention has at least one alkyl group or aralkyl group as R 1 , preferably an aralkyl group, and at least one R 3 as a group in which two or more phenylene groups are linked.
- R 1 to R 4 excluding the groups represented by the formulas (2) and (3) may further be substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a fluorine atom.
- an alkylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms when a plurality of R 1 to R 4 are adjacent to each other, adjacent R 1 to R 4 are directly bonded, an alkylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a carbon number. It may be bonded through an arylene group of 6 to 12 to form a ring, and these rings are further substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a fluorine atom.
- R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 are bonded directly or through an alkylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- a ring may be formed, and these rings may be further substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. It may be further substituted with an aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms or an arylamino group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be further substituted with an alkyl group.
- the ring include fluorene ring, carbazole ring, carboline ring, diazacarbazole ring, naphthalene ring, phenanthrene ring, anthracene ring, chrysene ring, triphenylene ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, quinazoline ring, benzoquinoline ring, Azaphenanthrene ring, azaanthracene ring, azatriphenylene ring and the like can be mentioned. If the condensed ring structure conjugated with ⁇ -electrons is too large, the emission wavelength will be increased to the infrared region or the solubility will be reduced.
- the fluorene ring, carbazole ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, quinazoline ring are preferred.
- azatriphenylene ring examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, and an isobutyl group. Among them, a methyl group is preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propyloxy group, and an octyloxy group, and among them, a methoxy group is preferable.
- Examples of the alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a 3-buteno group, a 2-buteno group, and a 1,3-butadienyl group. Among them, a vinyl group is preferable.
- alkylamino group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms examples include a methylamino group, a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a dibutylamino group, an octylamino group, and a dioctylamino group, and among them, a methylamino group or a dimethylamino group is preferable.
- Examples of the aryloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms include an allyloxy group, a phenoxy group, and a methylphenyloxy group, and among them, a phenoxy group is preferable.
- Examples of the aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a naphthylphenyl group, and a naphthylbiphenyl group, and among them, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group are preferable.
- heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms examples include pyridyl group, pyrimidyl group, triazine group, phenylpyridyl group, phenylpyrimidyl group, diphenylpyrimidyl group and the like.
- arylamino group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms include a phenylamino group, a diphenylamino group, a ditolylamino group, and a di (2,6-dimethylphenyl) amino group.
- Aralkyl groups having 7 to 40 carbon atoms are 1,1-dimethyl-1-phenylmethyl group, 1,1-di (n-butyl) -1-phenylmethyl group, 1,1-di (n-hexyl)- 1,1-dialkyl-1-phenylmethyl group, phenylmethyl group, phenylethyl group, 3-phenyl-, exemplified by 1-phenylmethyl group and 1,1-di (n-octyl) -1-phenylmethyl group 1-propyl group, 4-phenyl-1-n-butyl group, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl group, 5-phenyl-1-n-propyl group, 6-phenyl-1-n-hexyl group, 7- Examples thereof include a phenyl-1-n-heptyl group, an 8-phenyl-1-n-octyl group, and a 4-phenylcyclohexyl group.
- n ⁇ M, n>
- m 1 or 2
- m 1 from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the solubility of the complex and improving the hole transport property.
- m + n 3.
- the formula (2) is preferably represented by the following formula (4).
- p represents an integer from 0 to 2
- q represents an integer from 0 to 10
- r represents an integer from 0 to 2
- p + q + r is an integer from 0 to 10.
- * represents a bond.
- R, R ′, and h have the same meanings as in formula (2). From the viewpoint of keeping the solubility high, p is more preferably 0 or 1, and r is more preferably 0 or 1. From the viewpoint of keeping the hole transport property high, it is more preferable that p + q + r is an integer of 0 to 5.
- formula (3) is preferably represented by the following formula (5).
- s represents an integer from 0 to 2
- t represents an integer from 1 to 10
- u represents an integer from 0 to 2
- w represents an integer from 0 to 4
- s + t + u + w from 1 It is an integer of 10.
- * Represents a bond.
- R, R ′′, and k have the same meanings as in Formula (3).
- s is more preferably 0 or 1
- u is more preferably 0 or 1.
- s + t + u + w is more preferably an integer of 0 to 5.
- the said Formula (2) and the said Formula (3) are through the coupling
- This binding mode includes ortho, meta, and para positions. Among these, when bonding at the ortho position, adjacent phenylene rings become steric hindrance to each other, resulting in a large twist. Although the solubility of the complex is improved by this twist, the conjugation of ⁇ electrons in the phenylene ring is reduced, so that the hole transport property is not necessarily adversely affected. Therefore, the preferred bonding mode is the meta or para position.
- Formula (2) is Formula (4) and Formula (3) is Formula (5). More preferably, at least one of R 1 is represented by Formula (2) or Formula (4), and at least one of R 3 is represented by Formula (3) or Formula (5). . More preferably, at least one of R 1 is represented by Formula (4), and at least one of R 3 is represented by Formula (5).
- the coating solution for forming a light emitting layer using the iridium complex compound of the present invention that is, the storage stability of maintaining a uniform state without precipitation in the state of a solution coexisting with the charge transport material is improved, and the light emission of the device
- the reason why the device characteristics such as efficiency and driving life are improved is estimated as follows.
- a group having a flexible structure containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group or an aralkyl group is usually introduced into the ligand of the iridium complex compound. Since these groups can take many conformations, the energy for rearrangement increases upon crystallization. Therefore, it is expected that the iridium complex compound is difficult to crystallize and the solubility is improved.
- the charge transport material that is allowed to coexist in the light emitting layer forming coating solution usually has no group having such a flexible structure, and has a rigid structure in which benzene rings are connected.
- the light emission position in the light emitting layer can be adjusted by adjusting the doping concentration of such an iridium complex.
- the fact that charges are easily transported is expected to improve the light emission efficiency and the drive life because the position of charge recombination in the light emitting layer of the device is widened.
- the excellent electrical conductivity is that the interaction between iridium complexes is not hindered in the light-emitting layer.
- Exciton annihilation that is, the concentration due to the interaction between excitons or excitons and charges, especially during heavy doping. Since the extinction occurs at the same time, the range of improvement of the light emission efficiency is small or rather lowered.
- the organic EL device using the iridium complex in the present invention as a light emitting material for a light emitting layer, an effect of improving the driving life is expected.
- the action mechanism is considered as follows. Since an iridium complex having a group in which a phenylene group is connected for a long time is likely to receive holes, it is considered that most of the iridium complexes in the light-emitting layer of the element being energized are in a state of receiving holes.
- the iridium complex in the present invention also has an aralkyl group that is insulating. The aralkyl group serves as an insulating spacer and moderately suppresses the hole transport property of the iridium complex of the present invention.
- the probability that it exists in the cation state which is the state which received the hole becomes high. Since the iridium complex in a cationic state emits light as soon as it receives electrons, the light emission efficiency is considered to increase. Further, since the iridium complex in the cationic state is stable, it is considered that the driving life is improved.
- the organic material of the light emitting layer is once dissolved in an organic solvent, and then applied by a spin coating method or an ink jet method, and then the organic solvent is evaporated by heating, depressurizing, or blowing an inert gas.
- This is a method of forming a film.
- a crosslinking group such as a C ⁇ C group, a C ⁇ C group or a benzocyclobutene group to exist in the molecule of the organic material, It can also be insolubilized by crosslinking by a known method such as heating or light irradiation.
- organic solvents preferably used in such wet film-forming methods are aliphatic hydrocarbons that may be substituted such as hexane, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, toluene, xylene, phenylcyclohexane, benzoic acid.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons that may be substituted such as ethyl acrylate, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons that may be substituted such as cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone .
- the type of organic solvent mainly used is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon or alicyclic hydrocarbon, and more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- phenylcyclohexane has a preferable viscosity and boiling point in a wet film forming process. Therefore, the solubility of the iridium complex compound suitably used in the wet film forming method is usually 0.5% by mass or more, preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more with respect to phenylcyclohexane at 25 ° C. under atmospheric pressure. Is 1.5 mass% or more.
- the iridium complex compound of the present invention can be synthesized by a combination of known methods.
- a ligand can be synthesized by combining known organic synthesis reactions such as the so-called Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.
- the iridium complex compound can be synthesized from this ligand and an iridium compound.
- the method for synthesizing the iridium complex compound is, for example, a method via a chlorine-bridged iridium binuclear complex as shown in the following formula (A) (MG Columbo, TC Brunold, T. Riedener, H.U. Gudel, Inorg. Chem., 1994, 33, 545-550), a method of obtaining a target product after converting a binuclear complex of the following formula (B) into a mononuclear complex by further replacing the chlorine bridge with acetylacetonate (S Lamansky, P. Djurovich, D. Murphy, F. Abdel-Razzaq, R. Kwong, I. Tsyba, M. Borz, B.
- A MG Columbo, TC Brunold, T. Riedener, H.U. Gudel, Inorg. Chem., 1994, 33, 545-550
- B acetylacetonate
- R represents hydrogen or an arbitrary substituent, and a plurality of R may be the same or different.
- reaction conditions represented by the following formula (A) are as follows.
- a chlorine-bridged iridium binuclear complex is synthesized by a reaction of 2 equivalents of the first ligand and 1 equivalent of iridium chloride n-hydrate.
- the solvent a mixed solvent of 2-ethoxyethanol and water is usually used, but no solvent or other solvent may be used.
- the reaction can be accelerated by using an excessive amount of a ligand or using an additive such as a base. Instead of chlorine, other crosslinkable anionic ligands such as bromine can also be used.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 0 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 150 ° C.
- a target complex is obtained by adding a halogen ion scavenger such as silver trifluoromethanesulfonate and bringing it into contact with the second ligand.
- a halogen ion scavenger such as silver trifluoromethanesulfonate
- the solvent ethoxyethanol or diclyme is usually used, but no solvent or other solvents can be used depending on the type of the ligand, and a plurality of solvents can also be mixed and used.
- the reaction may proceed even without adding a halogen ion scavenger, it is not always necessary, but the scavenger is used to selectively synthesize facial isomers with higher reaction yield and higher quantum yield. Is advantageous.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 0 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the first-stage binuclear complex can be synthesized in the same manner as in formula (A).
- 1 equivalent or more of 1,3-dione compound such as acetylacetone is added to the binuclear complex, and 1 basic compound capable of abstracting active hydrogen of the 1,3-dione compound such as sodium carbonate is extracted.
- 1 basic compound capable of abstracting active hydrogen of the 1,3-dione compound such as sodium carbonate is extracted.
- a solvent such as ethoxyethanol or dichloromethane that can dissolve the dinuclear complex as a raw material is used.
- the ligand is in a liquid state, it can be carried out without a solvent.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but it is usually performed within the range of 0 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the type and amount of the solvent are not particularly limited, and may be solventless when the second ligand is liquid at the reaction temperature.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but the reaction is slightly poor, so that the reaction is often carried out at a relatively high temperature of 100 ° C to 300 ° C. Therefore, a high boiling point solvent such as glycerin is preferably used.
- purification is performed to remove unreacted raw materials, reaction by-products and solvent. Although purification operations in ordinary organic synthetic chemistry can be applied, purification by silica gel column chromatography in normal phase is mainly performed as described in the above non-patent document.
- a single or mixed solution of hexane, heptane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and methanol can be used. Purification may be performed multiple times under different conditions. Other purification techniques (reverse phase silica gel chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, paper chromatography), purification operations such as liquid separation washing, reprecipitation, recrystallization, suspension washing of powder, drying under reduced pressure, etc., as necessary Can be applied.
- the iridium complex compound of the present invention can be suitably used as a material used for an organic electroluminescent element, that is, an organic electroluminescent element material, and can also be suitably used as a luminescent material such as an organic electroluminescent element and other light emitting elements. It is.
- the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention contains the above-described iridium complex compound of the present invention and a solvent.
- the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention is usually used for forming a layer or a film by a wet film forming method, and is particularly preferably used for forming an organic layer of an organic electroluminescent element.
- the organic layer is preferably a light-emitting layer. That is, the iridium complex compound-containing composition is preferably a composition for organic electroluminescent elements, and more preferably used as a composition for forming a light-emitting layer. .
- the content of the iridium complex compound of the present invention in the iridium complex compound-containing composition is usually 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and usually 99.9% by mass or less, preferably 99% by mass or less. It is.
- the driving voltage can be reduced.
- only 1 type may be contained in the iridium complex compound containing composition, and 2 or more types may be combined and contained in the iridium complex compound containing composition of this invention.
- the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention When the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention is used for, for example, an organic electroluminescent device, it contains a charge transporting compound used for an organic electroluminescent device, particularly a light emitting layer, in addition to the above-mentioned iridium complex compound and solvent. be able to.
- the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention When the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention is used to form a light-emitting layer of an organic electroluminescence device, the iridium complex compound of the present invention is used as a light-emitting material, and another charge transporting compound is included as a charge transport material. It is preferable.
- the solvent contained in the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention is a volatile liquid component used for forming a layer containing an iridium complex compound by wet film formation. Since the iridium complex compound of the present invention as a solute has high solubility, the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent in which a charge transporting compound described later is dissolved well.
- Preferred solvents include, for example, alkanes such as n-decane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, decalin, and bicyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, methicylene, phenylcyclohexane, and tetralin; chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and trichlorobenzene Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, phenetole, 2-methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole, Aromatic ethers such as 2,4-dimethylanisole and diphenyl ether; aromatic esters such as phenyl acetate, phenyl propionate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate,
- alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons are preferable.
- phenylcyclohexane has a preferable viscosity and boiling point in a wet film forming process.
- One of these solvents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in any combination and ratio.
- the boiling point of the solvent is usually 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and usually 270 ° C. or lower, preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 230 ° C. or lower. Below this range, film formation stability may be reduced by evaporation of the solvent from the composition during wet film formation.
- the content of the solvent is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, particularly preferably 50% by mass or more, and preferably 99.99% by mass or less, more preferably in the iridium complex compound-containing composition. It is 99.9 mass% or less, Most preferably, it is 99 mass% or less.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is usually about 3 to 200 nm. However, if the solvent content is less than this lower limit, the viscosity of the composition becomes too high, and film forming workability may be lowered. On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, the film thickness obtained by removing the solvent after film formation cannot be obtained, and thus film formation tends to be difficult.
- charge transporting compounds that can be contained in the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention
- those conventionally used as materials for organic electroluminescent elements can be used.
- quinacridone derivatives DCM (4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran) compounds
- benzopyran derivatives rhodamine derivatives
- benzothioxanthene derivatives azabenzothioxanthene, aryl
- condenoxanthene a con
- the content of the other charge transporting compound in the iridium complex compound-containing composition is usually 1000 parts by mass or less, preferably 1 part by mass or less, preferably 1 part by mass of the iridium complex compound of the present invention in the iridium complex compound-containing composition. It is 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 50 parts by mass or less, usually 0.01 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 1 part by mass or more.
- the iridium complex compound-containing composition of the present invention may further contain other compounds, if necessary, in addition to the above-described compounds.
- another solvent may be contained.
- amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide. One of these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in any combination and ratio.
- the substrate serves as a support for the organic electroluminescent element, and usually a quartz or glass plate, a metal plate or a metal foil, a plastic film or a sheet is used. Of these, glass plates and transparent synthetic resin plates such as polyester, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate, and polysulfone are preferable.
- the substrate is preferably made of a material having a high gas barrier property since the organic electroluminescence device is hardly deteriorated by the outside air. For this reason, in particular, when a material having a low gas barrier property such as a synthetic resin substrate is used, it is preferable to provide a dense silicon oxide film or the like on at least one surface of the substrate to improve the gas barrier property.
- the anode has a function of injecting holes into the layer on the light emitting layer side.
- the anode is usually a metal such as aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, palladium, or platinum; a metal oxide such as an oxide of indium and / or tin; a metal halide such as copper iodide; a carbon black and a poly (3- Methylthiophene), polypyrrole, polyaniline and other conductive polymers.
- the anode is often formed by a dry method such as a sputtering method or a vacuum deposition method.
- an appropriate binder resin solution is used. It can also be formed by dispersing and coating on a substrate.
- a conductive polymer a thin film can be directly formed on a substrate by electrolytic polymerization, or an anode can be formed by applying a conductive polymer on a substrate (Appl. Phys. Lett., 60). Volume, 2711, 1992).
- the anode usually has a single layer structure, but may have a laminated structure as appropriate.
- different conductive materials may be laminated on the first anode.
- the thickness of the anode may be determined according to required transparency and material. In particular, when high transparency is required, a thickness at which visible light transmittance is 60% or more is preferable, and a thickness at which 80% or more is more preferable.
- the thickness of the anode is usually 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and is usually 1000 nm or less, preferably 500 nm or less.
- the thickness of the anode may be arbitrarily set according to the required strength, and in this case, the anode may have the same thickness as the substrate.
- impurities such as ultraviolet light + ozone, oxygen plasma, and argon plasma are applied to remove impurities on the anode and adjust the ionization potential to make it positive. It is preferable to improve the hole injection property.
- the layer responsible for transporting holes from the anode side to the light emitting layer side is usually called a hole injection transport layer or a hole transport layer. And when there are two or more layers responsible for transporting holes from the anode side to the light emitting layer side, the layer closer to the anode side may be called a hole injection layer.
- the hole injection layer is preferably used in terms of enhancing the function of transporting holes from the anode to the light emitting layer side. When the hole injection layer is used, the hole injection layer is usually formed on the anode.
- the thickness of the hole injection layer is usually 1 nm or more, preferably 5 nm or more, and usually 1000 nm or less, preferably 500 nm or less.
- the formation method of the hole injection layer may be a vacuum deposition method or a wet film formation method. In terms of excellent film forming properties, it is preferable to form the film by a wet film forming method.
- the hole injection layer preferably contains a hole transporting compound, and more preferably contains a hole transporting compound and an electron accepting compound. Further, the hole injection layer preferably contains a cation radical compound, and particularly preferably contains a cation radical compound and a hole transporting compound.
- the composition for forming a hole injection layer usually contains a hole transporting compound that becomes a hole injection layer. In the case of a wet film forming method, a solvent is usually further contained. It is preferable that the composition for forming a hole injection layer has high hole transportability and can efficiently transport injected holes. For this reason, it is preferable that the hole mobility is high and impurities that become traps are less likely to be generated during production or use. Moreover, it is preferable that it is excellent in stability, has a small ionization potential, and has high transparency to visible light. In particular, when the hole injection layer is in contact with the light emitting layer, those that do not quench the light emitted from the light emitting layer or those that form an exciplex with the light emitting layer and do not decrease the light emission efficiency are preferable.
- the hole transporting compound is preferably a compound having an ionization potential of 4.5 eV to 6.0 eV from the viewpoint of a charge injection barrier from the anode to the hole injection layer.
- hole transporting compounds include aromatic amine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, porphyrin compounds, oligothiophene compounds, polythiophene compounds, benzylphenyl compounds, compounds in which tertiary amines are linked by a fluorene group, hydrazones Compounds, silazane compounds, quinacridone compounds, and the like.
- an aromatic amine compound is preferable and an aromatic tertiary amine compound is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of amorphousness and visible light transmittance.
- the aromatic tertiary amine compound is a compound having an aromatic tertiary amine structure, and includes a compound having a group derived from an aromatic tertiary amine.
- the type of the aromatic tertiary amine compound is not particularly limited, but is a polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000 (polymerization compound in which repeating units are linked) from the viewpoint of easily obtaining uniform light emission due to the surface smoothing effect. Is preferably used.
- Preferable examples of the aromatic tertiary amine polymer compound include a polymer compound having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (I).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- Ar 3 to Ar 5 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- Ar 6 to Ar 16 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary substituent.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group represented by Ar 1 to Ar 16 include the solubility of a polymer compound, From the viewpoint of heat resistance and hole injecting and transporting properties, a group derived from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a thiophene ring or a pyridine ring is preferable, and a group derived from a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring is more preferable.
- Specific examples of the aromatic tertiary amine polymer compound having a repeating unit represented by the formula (I) include those described in International Publication No. 2005/089024.
- the hole injection layer preferably contains an electron accepting compound because the conductivity of the hole injection layer can be improved by oxidation of the hole transporting compound.
- an electron accepting compound a compound having an oxidizing power and the ability to accept one electron from the above-described hole-transporting compound is preferable, and specifically, a compound having an electron affinity of 4 eV or more is preferable. More preferably, the compound is 5 eV or more.
- electron-accepting compounds include triarylboron compounds, metal halides, Lewis acids, organic acids, onium salts, salts of arylamines and metal halides, and salts of arylamines and Lewis acids.
- examples thereof include one or more compounds selected from the group.
- an onium salt substituted with an organic group such as 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate (WO 2005/089024);
- High valence inorganic compounds such as iron (III) (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- cation radical compound an ionic compound composed of a cation radical which is a chemical species obtained by removing one electron from a hole transporting compound and a counter anion is preferable.
- the cation radical is derived from a hole transporting polymer compound, the cation radical has a structure in which one electron is removed from the repeating unit of the polymer compound.
- the cation radical is preferably a chemical species obtained by removing one electron from the compound described above as the hole transporting compound.
- a chemical species obtained by removing one electron from a compound preferable as a hole transporting compound is preferable in terms of amorphousness, visible light transmittance, heat resistance, solubility, and the like.
- the cation radical compound can be generated by mixing the hole transporting compound and the electron accepting compound. That is, by mixing the hole transporting compound and the electron accepting compound, electron transfer occurs from the hole transporting compound to the electron accepting compound, and the cation radical and the counter anion of the hole transporting compound A cation ion compound consisting of
- Oxidative polymerization here refers to oxidation of a monomer chemically or electrochemically with peroxodisulfate in an acidic solution.
- the monomer is polymerized by oxidation, and a cation radical that is removed from the polymer repeating unit by using an anion derived from an acidic solution as a counter anion is removed.
- a composition for forming a film is usually prepared by mixing a material for the hole injection layer with a soluble solvent (a solvent for a hole injection layer). Layer formation composition), and this hole injection layer formation composition is applied onto a layer corresponding to the lower layer of the hole injection layer (usually an anode), formed into a film, and dried.
- the concentration of the hole transporting compound in the composition for forming a hole injection layer is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but in terms of film thickness uniformity, the lower one is preferable. From the viewpoint that defects are less likely to occur in the hole injection layer, a higher value is preferable. Specifically, it is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and on the other hand, 70% by mass. The content is preferably less than 60% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 50% by mass or less.
- ether solvents examples include aliphatic ethers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, and anisole.
- PGMEA propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate
- Aromatic ethers such as phenetole, 2-methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole and 2,4-dimethylanisole.
- ester solvent examples include aromatic esters such as phenyl acetate, phenyl propionate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, and n-butyl benzoate.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvent examples include toluene, xylene, cyclohexylbenzene, 3-isopropylbiphenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,4-diisopropylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, methylnaphthalene and the like. It is done.
- amide solvent examples include N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
- Formation of the hole injection layer 3 by a wet film formation method is usually performed after preparing a composition for forming a hole injection layer, and then forming the composition on a layer (usually the anode 2) corresponding to the lower layer of the hole injection layer 3
- the film is formed by coating and drying.
- the hole injection layer 3 is dried by heating or drying under reduced pressure after film formation.
- the hole injection layer 3 is formed by vacuum vapor deposition
- one or more of the constituent materials of the hole injection layer 3 are usually vacuumed.
- a crucible installed in the container if two or more kinds of materials are used, usually put each in separate crucibles
- evacuate the vacuum container to about 10 -4 Pa with a vacuum pump
- heat the crucible When using two or more types of materials, each crucible is usually heated
- evaporated while controlling the amount of evaporation of the material in the crucible (when using two or more types of materials, each is usually independent.
- the hole injection layer is formed on the anode on the substrate placed facing the crucible.
- the hole injection layer can be formed by putting the mixture in a crucible and heating and evaporating the mixture.
- the degree of vacuum at the time of vapor deposition is not limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Torr (0.13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa) or more and 9.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Torr ( 12.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa) or less.
- the deposition rate is not limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 0.1 to 5.0 liters / second or more.
- the film forming temperature at the time of vapor deposition is not limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but it is preferably performed at 10 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower.
- the hole transport layer is a layer having a function of transporting holes from the anode side to the light emitting layer side.
- the hole transport layer is not an essential layer in the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, but it is preferable to use this layer in terms of enhancing the function of transporting holes from the anode to the light emitting layer.
- the hole transport layer is usually formed between the anode and the light emitting layer.
- the above-mentioned hole injection layer it forms between a hole injection layer and a light emitting layer.
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is usually 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and is usually 300 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the formation method of the hole transport layer may be a vacuum deposition method or a wet film formation method. In terms of excellent film forming properties, it is preferable to form the film by a wet film forming method.
- the hole transport layer usually contains a hole transport compound that becomes the hole transport layer.
- tertiary amines represented by 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl Aromatic diamine (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-23481), 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris (1-naphthylphenylamino) triphenyl having two or more condensed aromatic rings substituted with nitrogen atoms
- Aromatic amine compounds having a starburst structure such as amines (J. Lumin., 72-74, 985, 1997), aromatic amine compounds consisting of tetramers of triphenylamine (Chem.
- ⁇ Formation of hole transport layer by wet film formation method In forming a hole transport layer by a wet film formation method, in general, in the same manner as in the case of forming the above-described hole injection layer by a wet film formation method, holes are used instead of the hole injection layer forming composition. It forms using the composition for transport layer formation.
- the composition for forming a hole transport layer When the hole transport layer is formed by a wet film forming method, the composition for forming a hole transport layer usually further contains a solvent.
- the solvent used in the composition for forming a hole transport layer the same solvent as the solvent used in the composition for forming a hole injection layer can be used.
- the concentration of the hole transporting compound in the composition for forming a hole transport layer can be in the same range as the concentration of the hole transporting compound in the composition for forming a hole injection layer. Formation of the hole transport layer by a wet film formation method can be performed in the same manner as the hole injection layer film formation method described above.
- the hole transport layer is usually used instead of the hole injection layer forming composition in the same manner as in the case of forming the hole injection layer by the vacuum deposition method. It can form using the composition for layer formation.
- the film formation conditions such as the degree of vacuum at the time of vapor deposition, the vapor deposition rate, and the temperature can be formed under the same conditions as those for the vacuum vapor deposition of the hole injection layer.
- the light-emitting layer is a layer that has a function of emitting light when excited by recombination of holes injected from the anode and electrons injected from the cathode when an electric field is applied between the pair of electrodes.
- the light emitting layer is a layer formed between the anode and the cathode.
- the hole injection layer is on the anode, the light emitting layer is formed between the hole injection layer and the cathode and on the anode.
- there is a hole transport layer it is formed between the hole transport layer and the cathode.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. However, a thicker layer is preferable from the viewpoint that defects are unlikely to occur in the film. For this reason, it is preferably 3 nm or more, more preferably 5 nm or more, and on the other hand, it is usually preferably 200 nm or less, and more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the light emitting layer contains at least a material having a light emitting property (light emitting material) and preferably contains a material having a charge transporting property (charge transporting material).
- the light emitting material emits light at a desired light emission wavelength, and is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and a known light emitting material can be applied.
- the light emitting material may be a fluorescent light emitting material or a phosphorescent light emitting material, but a material having good light emission efficiency is preferred, and a phosphorescent light emitting material is preferred from the viewpoint of internal quantum efficiency.
- As the phosphorescent material it is preferable to use the iridium complex compound of the present invention.
- Examples of the fluorescent light emitting material include the following materials.
- Examples of the fluorescent light emitting material that gives blue light emission include naphthalene, perylene, pyrene, anthracene, coumarin, chrysene, p-bis (2-phenylethenyl) benzene, and derivatives thereof.
- Examples of the fluorescent light emitting material that gives green light emission include quinacridone derivatives, coumarin derivatives, aluminum complexes such as Al (C 9 H 6 NO) 3, and the like.
- Examples of the fluorescent light-emitting material that gives yellow light include rubrene and perimidone derivatives.
- fluorescent light-emitting materials examples include DCM (4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran) -based compounds, benzopyran derivatives, rhodamine derivatives. Benzothioxanthene derivatives, azabenzothioxanthene and the like.
- the phosphorescent material for example, the seventh to eleventh parts of a long-period type periodic table (hereinafter referred to as a long-period type periodic table unless otherwise specified).
- organometallic complexes containing a metal selected from the group include ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold.
- a ligand in which a (hetero) aryl group such as a (hetero) arylpyridine ligand or (hetero) arylpyrazole ligand and a pyridine, pyrazole, phenanthroline, or the like is connected is preferable.
- a phenylpyridine ligand and a phenylpyrazole ligand are preferable.
- (hetero) aryl represents an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- Specific preferred phosphorescent materials include, for example, tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium, tris (2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium, tris (2-phenylpyridine) palladium, bis (2-phenylpyridine) platinum, tris And phenylpyridine complexes such as (2-phenylpyridine) osmium and tris (2-phenylpyridine) rhenium, and porphyrin complexes such as octaethylplatinum porphyrin, octaphenylplatinum porphyrin, octaethylpalladium porphyrin, and octaphenylpalladium porphyrin.
- Polymeric light-emitting materials include poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl), poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (4,4′- (N- (4-sec-butylphenyl)) diphenylamine)], poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (1,4-benzo-2 ⁇ 2,1'-3 ⁇ -Triazole)] and polyphenylene vinylene materials such as poly [2-methoxy-5- (2-hexylhexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene].
- the charge transport material is a material having a positive charge (hole) or negative charge (electron) transport property, and is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and a known light emitting material can be applied.
- a compound or the like conventionally used in a light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescence device can be used, and a compound used as a host material of the light emitting layer is particularly preferable.
- charge transporting materials include aromatic amine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, porphyrin compounds, oligothiophene compounds, polythiophene compounds, benzylphenyl compounds, and compounds in which tertiary amines are linked by a fluorene group. , Hydrazone compounds, silazane compounds, silanamin compounds, phosphamine compounds, quinacridone compounds, and the like as examples of hole transporting compounds in the hole injection layer, anthracene compounds, pyrene compounds, Examples thereof include electron transporting compounds such as carbazole compounds, pyridine compounds, phenanthroline compounds, oxadiazole compounds and silole compounds.
- two or more condensed aromatic rings including two or more tertiary amines typified by 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl are bonded to the nitrogen atom.
- Aromatic amine compounds having a starburst structure such as substituted aromatic diamines (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-234811), 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris (1-naphthylphenylamino) triphenylamine (J Lumin., 72-74, 985, 1997), an aromatic amine compound composed of a tetramer of triphenylamine (Chem.
- the method for forming the light emitting layer may be a vacuum deposition method or a wet film formation method, but a wet film formation method is preferred because of its excellent film formability.
- the wet film forming method is a film forming method, that is, a coating method, for example, spin coating method, dip coating method, die coating method, bar coating method, blade coating method, roll coating method, spray coating method, capillary It refers to a method of forming a film by adopting a wet film forming method such as a coating method, an ink jet method, a nozzle printing method, a screen printing method, a gravure printing method, or a flexographic printing method, and drying the coating film.
- the light emitting layer is usually used instead of the hole injection layer forming composition in the same manner as in the case of forming the hole injection layer by the wet film forming method.
- the resulting material is formed using a composition for forming a light emitting layer prepared by mixing a soluble solvent (solvent for the light emitting layer).
- solvent include, for example, ether solvents, ester solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, amide solvents, alkane solvents, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, aliphatic solvents, and the like mentioned for the formation of the hole injection layer.
- Examples thereof include alcohol solvents, alicyclic alcohol solvents, aliphatic ketone solvents, and alicyclic ketone solvents.
- alcohol solvents examples thereof include alcohol solvents, alicyclic alcohol solvents, aliphatic ketone solvents, and alicyclic ketone solvents.
- specific example of a solvent is given to the following, as long as the effect of this invention is not impaired, it is not limited to these.
- aliphatic ether solvents such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA); 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, phenetole, 2 -Aromatic ether solvents such as methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole, 2,4-dimethylanisole, diphenyl ether; phenyl acetate, phenyl propionate, methyl benzoate, benzoic acid Aromatic ester solvents such as ethyl, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, n-butyl benzoate; toluene, xylene, methicylene, cyclohexylbenzene, tetralin, 3-ilopropylb
- the solvent evaporates from the liquid film immediately after the film formation at an appropriate rate. Therefore, the boiling point of the solvent is usually 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and usually 270 ° C. or lower, preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 230 ° C. or lower.
- the amount of the solvent used is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- the total content in the composition for forming the light emitting layer is preferably higher in view of easy film formation because of its low viscosity.
- the lower one is preferable because it is easy to form a thick film.
- the content of the solvent is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, particularly preferably 50% by mass or more, and preferably 99.99% by mass or less, more preferably in the iridium complex compound-containing composition. It is 99.9 mass% or less, Most preferably, it is 99 mass% or less.
- heating or reduced pressure can be used as a method for removing the solvent.
- a clean oven and a hot plate are preferable because the entire film is uniformly heated.
- the heating temperature in the heating step is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. However, a higher temperature is preferable in terms of shortening the drying time, and a lower temperature is preferable in terms of less damage to the material.
- the upper limit is usually 250 ° C. or lower, preferably 200 ° C. or lower, more preferably 150 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit is usually 30 ° C. or higher, preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature above the upper limit is not preferable because it is higher than the heat resistance of the charge transporting material or phosphorescent light emitting material that is usually used, and may decompose or crystallize. Below the lower limit, it takes a long time to remove the solvent, which is not preferable.
- the heating time in the heating step is appropriately determined depending on the boiling point and vapor pressure of the solvent in the composition for forming the light emitting layer, the heat resistance of the material, and the heating conditions.
- a light emitting layer by vacuum deposition When forming a light emitting layer by vacuum deposition, usually one or more of the constituent materials of the light emitting layer (the aforementioned light emitting material, charge transporting compound, etc.) are placed in a crucible installed in a vacuum vessel. (When two or more kinds of materials are used, each is usually put in separate crucibles), and after evacuating the inside of the vacuum vessel to about 10 ⁇ 4 Pa with a vacuum pump, the crucible is heated (two or more kinds of materials are added).
- the constituent materials of the light emitting layer the aforementioned light emitting material, charge transporting compound, etc.
- each crucible When using, usually each crucible is heated) and evaporated while controlling the evaporation amount of the material in the crucible (when using two or more kinds of materials, the evaporation is usually controlled independently of each other). ), Forming a light emitting layer on the hole injecting and transporting layer placed facing the crucible. When two or more kinds of materials are used, the mixture can be put in a crucible and heated and evaporated to form a light emitting layer.
- the degree of vacuum at the time of vapor deposition is not limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Torr (0.13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa) or more and 9.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Torr ( 12.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa) or less.
- the deposition rate is not limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 0.1 to 5.0 liters / second or more.
- the film forming temperature at the time of vapor deposition is not limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but it is preferably performed at 10 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower.
- the usual doping concentration of the iridium complex compound in the light emitting layer of the organic electroluminescent element that emits phosphorescence is such that the iridium complex compound per unit weight of the light emitting layer is 0.1 mmol / g or less.
- a doping concentration exceeding this concentration is referred to as a heavy doping concentration.
- heavy doping has various effects on organic electroluminescent devices, and while it is expected that the driving life of the devices will be extended, it is well known that the emission efficiency is also reduced by the annihilation of excitons between luminescent materials. ing.
- a hole blocking layer may be provided between the light emitting layer and an electron injection layer described later.
- the hole blocking layer is a layer stacked on the light emitting layer so as to be in contact with the cathode side interface of the light emitting layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a role of blocking holes moving from the anode from reaching the cathode and a role of efficiently transporting electrons injected from the cathode toward the light emitting layer.
- the physical properties required for the material constituting the hole blocking layer 6 include high electron mobility, low hole mobility, a large energy gap (difference between HOMO and LUMO), and excited triplet level (T1). Is high.
- Examples of the hole blocking layer material satisfying such conditions include bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (phenolato) aluminum, bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (triphenylsilanolato) aluminum, and the like.
- Mixed ligand complexes of, such as metal complexes such as bis (2-methyl-8-quinolato) aluminum- ⁇ -oxo-bis- (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) aluminum binuclear metal complexes, distyryl biphenyl derivatives, etc.
- Triazole derivatives such as styryl compounds (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- the thickness of the hole blocking layer is arbitrary as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 0.3 nm or more, preferably 0.5 nm or more, and is usually 100 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or less. .
- the electron transport layer is provided between the light emitting layer and the electron injection layer for the purpose of further improving the current efficiency of the device.
- the electron transport layer is formed of a compound capable of efficiently transporting electrons injected from the cathode between the electrodes to which an electric field is applied in the direction of the light emitting layer.
- the electron transporting compound used in the electron transporting layer is a compound that has high electron injection efficiency from the cathode or the electron injection layer and has high electron mobility and can efficiently transport injected electrons. It is necessary.
- the electron transporting compound used for the electron transporting layer is usually preferably a compound that has high electron injection efficiency from the cathode or the electron injection layer and can efficiently transport the injected electrons.
- the electron transporting compound include metal complexes such as an aluminum complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-194393), a metal complex of 10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinoline, Oxadiazole derivatives, distyrylbiphenyl derivatives, silole derivatives, 3-hydroxyflavone metal complexes, 5-hydroxyflavone metal complexes, benzoxazole metal complexes, benzothiazole metal complexes, trisbenzimidazolylbenzene (US Pat. No.
- the film thickness of the electron transport layer is usually 1 nm or more, preferably 5 nm or more, and is usually 300 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the electron transport layer is formed by laminating on the hole blocking layer by a wet film formation method or a vacuum deposition method in the same manner as described above. Usually, a vacuum deposition method is used.
- the electron injection layer plays a role of efficiently injecting electrons injected from the cathode into the electron transport layer or the light emitting layer.
- the material for forming the electron injection layer is preferably a metal having a low work function. Examples include alkali metals such as sodium and cesium, and alkaline earth metals such as barium and calcium.
- the film thickness is usually preferably from 0.1 nm to 5 nm.
- an organic electron transport material represented by a metal complex such as a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as bathophenanthroline or an aluminum complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline is doped with an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium, cesium, lithium, rubidium ( (Described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-270171, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-1000047, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-1000048, etc.), which improves electron injection / transport properties and achieves excellent film quality. It is preferable because it becomes possible.
- the film thickness is usually in the range of 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and usually 200 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the electron injection layer is formed by laminating on the light emitting layer or the hole blocking layer thereon by a wet film formation method or a vacuum deposition method. The details in the case of the wet film forming method are the same as those in the case of the light emitting layer described above.
- the cathode plays a role of injecting electrons into a layer on the light emitting layer side (such as an electron injection layer or a light emitting layer).
- a metal having a low work function for efficient electron injection for example, tin, magnesium, indium
- metals such as calcium, aluminum, and silver, or alloys thereof are used.
- Specific examples include low work function alloy electrodes such as magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, and aluminum-lithium alloy.
- a cathode made of a metal having a low work function by laminating a metal layer having a high work function and stable to the atmosphere on the cathode.
- the metal to be laminated include metals such as aluminum, silver, copper, nickel, chromium, gold, and platinum.
- the thickness of the cathode is usually the same as that of the anode.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention may further have other layers as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. That is, any other layer described above may be provided between the anode and the cathode.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention When the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is applied to an organic electroluminescent device, it may be used as a single organic electroluminescent element, or may be used in a configuration in which a plurality of organic electroluminescent elements are arranged in an array, The anode and the cathode may be used in a configuration in which they are arranged in an XY matrix.
- the display device and the illumination device of the present invention use the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention as described above.
- the display device and the illumination device of the present invention can be obtained by the method described in “Organic EL display” (Ohm, published on August 20, 2004, Shizutoki Toki, Chiba Adachi, Hideyuki Murata). Can be formed.
- a 10 L reactor was charged with nitrogen-polished magnesium (107 g) and dry THF (0.5 L), activated with iodine pieces (tens of mg), and intermediate 6 (0.91 kg) in dry THF (2.5 L). ) The solution was added dropwise over 2 hours, and further heated and stirred at an internal temperature of 55 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a Grignard reagent solution. After cooling 3-bromobenzonitrile and dry THF (4.5 L) to 10 ° C., the previously prepared Grignard reagent solution was added dropwise at an internal temperature of 10 to 35 ° C. over 45 minutes, to reach an internal temperature of 45 to 58 ° C. And stirred for 3 hours.
- intermediate 4 5.5 g
- intermediate 10 2.8 g
- diglyme 42 mL
- Silver trifluoromethanesulfonate 1.6 g
- the internal temperature was immediately raised to 125 ° C. and stirred for 2 hours.
- 1.6 g of compound D-2 was obtained as a yellow solid.
- intermediate 12 8.9 g
- iridium chloride n-hydrate 3.4 g
- 2-ethoxyethanol 50 mL
- diglyme 50 mL
- distilled water 13 mL
- the bath temperature was raised stepwise from 135 ° C. to 150 ° C. and stirred for a total of 10 hours.
- the liquid refluxed during that time was removed from the side tube.
- An additional 60 mL of diglyme was added during the reaction.
- the reaction solution was poured into 500 mL of distilled water, and the precipitated solid was filtered, washed with 500 mL of methanol and dried.
- Intermediate 13 (10.5 g) was obtained as a yellow solid.
- an intermediate 13 (3.0 g), an intermediate 10 (1.3 g), and diglyme (24 mL) were placed in a reaction vessel at an internal temperature of about 100 ° C.
- intermediate 16 (36.8 g), bis (pinacolato) diboron (29.1 g), potassium acetate (33.8 g) and dehydrated dimethyl sulfoxide (330 mL) were added to the reaction vessel, and nitrogen was bubbled for 30 minutes. . Thereafter, [PdCl 2 dppf] CH 2 Cl 2 (2.81 g) was further added with stirring, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 3.5 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, water was added, and after separation and washing, the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate. Thereafter, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
- intermediate 18 (14.2 g), iridium chloride n-hydrate (5.32 g), 2-ethoxyethanol (68 mL), diglyme (68 mL) and distilled water (21 mL) were added to the reaction vessel.
- the bath temperature was raised stepwise from 105 ° C to 135 ° C and stirred for a total of 7 hours. The liquid refluxed during that time was removed from the side tube. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was poured into 400 mL of distilled water, the precipitated solid was filtered, washed with 200 mL of methanol and dried.
- Intermediate 19 (16.0 g) was obtained as a yellow solid.
- intermediate 23 (4.3 g), bis (pinacolato) diboron 2.7 g, potassium acetate 2.7 g, and dehydrated dimethyl sulfoxide 400 mL were added to the reaction vessel, and nitrogen was bubbled for 30 minutes.
- [PdCl 2 dppf] CH 2 Cl 2 (0.92 g) was further added with stirring, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 7 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, 500 mL of water and 500 mL of dichloromethane were added, followed by liquid separation washing, and then the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate. Thereafter, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
- An organic electroluminescent element having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was produced by the following method. However, the iridium atom concentration in the light emitting layer in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was adjusted to be about 0.095 mmol / g. Similarly, the iridium atom concentration in the light emitting layer in Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 was adjusted to be about 0.19 mmol / g.
- Example 1 An indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent conductive film deposited on a glass substrate 1 with a thickness of 70 nm (manufactured by Geomatic Co., Ltd., sputtered film) is obtained using ordinary photolithography technology and hydrochloric acid etching.
- the anode 2 was formed by patterning into a stripe having a width of 2 mm.
- the patterned ITO substrate is cleaned in the order of ultrasonic cleaning with an aqueous surfactant solution, water cleaning with ultrapure water, ultrasonic cleaning with ultrapure water, and water cleaning with ultrapure water, followed by drying with compressed air, and finally UV irradiation. Ozone cleaning was performed.
- This ITO functions as the transparent electrode 2.
- an arylamine polymer represented by the following structural formula (P-1), 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate represented by structural formula (A-1), and ethyl benzoate are contained.
- a coating solution for forming a hole injection layer was prepared. This coating solution was formed by spin coating on the anode under the following conditions to obtain a hole injection layer 3 having a thickness of 40 nm.
- a coating solution for forming a hole transport layer containing the compound (P-2) having the structure shown below is prepared, and film formation is performed by spin coating under the following conditions, followed by polymerization by heating. An 11 nm hole transport layer 4 was formed.
- the following organic compound (H-1), organic compound (H-2), and the iridium complex compound (D) synthesized above as the light-emitting material are used as charge transport materials.
- -1) was used to prepare the following iridium complex compound-containing composition, which was spin-coated on the hole transport layer under the following conditions to obtain a light emitting layer with a film thickness of 60 nm.
- the doping concentration of the iridium complex compound per unit weight of the light emitting layer is 0.096 mmol / g.
- the substrate on which the light emitting layer has been formed is transferred into a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus and evacuated until the degree of vacuum in the apparatus becomes 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less, and then the compound (HB-1) is vacuum vapor deposited.
- the vapor deposition rate was controlled in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 liter / second and was laminated on the light emitting layer to obtain a hole blocking layer 6 having a thickness of 10 nm.
- the organic compound (ET-1) having the structure shown below was deposited on the hole blocking layer 6 by controlling the vapor deposition rate in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 kg / second by vacuum deposition.
- An electron transport layer 7 having a thickness of 20 nm was formed.
- the element on which vapor deposition up to the electron transport layer 7 has been taken out is once taken out and placed in another vapor deposition apparatus, and a 2 mm wide striped shadow mask is orthogonal to the ITO stripe of the anode 2 as a mask for cathode vapor deposition.
- LiF lithium fluoride
- FIG. 8 As the electron injection layer 8, lithium fluoride (LiF) was first formed on the electron transport layer 7 with a film thickness of 0.5 nm using a molybdenum boat. Next, aluminum was similarly heated by a molybdenum boat as the cathode 9 to form an aluminum layer having a thickness of 80 nm.
- the substrate temperature during the above two-layer deposition was kept at room temperature.
- a sealing process was performed by the method described below.
- a photocurable resin 30Y-437 manufactured by ThreeBond
- a moisture getter sheet manufactured by Dynic
- finished cathode formation was bonded together so that the vapor-deposited surface might oppose a desiccant sheet.
- Example 2 In Example 1, except that the compound D-1 used for forming the light emitting layer was changed to the compound D-4 and the concentration in the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to 16.5 parts by mass.
- the organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 (Comparative Example 1)
- the compound D-1 used for forming the light emitting layer was changed to the compound D-5 represented by the following formula, and the concentration in the coating solution for forming the light emitting layer was 14.7 parts by mass.
- An organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed.
- Example 2 Compound D-1 used in forming the light emitting layer was changed to Compound D-6 represented by the following formula, and the concentration in the coating solution for forming the light emitting layer was 15.0 parts by mass.
- An organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed.
- Example 3 the organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration of the light emitting material in the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to 34.6 parts by mass.
- Example 4 the organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the concentration of the light emitting material in the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to 38.5 parts by mass.
- Comparative Example 3 The organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the concentration of the luminescent material in the luminescent layer forming coating solution was changed to 34.4 parts by mass in Comparative Example 1.
- Comparative Example 4 In the comparative example 2, the organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in the example 2 except that the concentration of the light emitting material in the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to 35.0 parts by mass. The performance of the device thus obtained is shown in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 shows the light emission efficiency (cd / A) when a current of 10 mA / cm 2 is applied to the device as a relative value with Comparative Example 1 as 100.
- Table 2 shows the initial luminance (cd / m 2 ) when the device was energized with 15 mA / cm 2, the relative value with Comparative Example 1 being 100, and the device was driven at a constant current at 15 mA / cm 2 for 120 hours.
- the luminance retention rate is obtained by dividing the luminance by the initial luminance, and the relative value when the luminance retention rate of Comparative Example 1 is set to 100 is shown.
- Example 5 A coating solution for forming a light-emitting layer prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 was heated at 150 ° C for 30 minutes, and after confirming the uniform state, it was allowed to stand at 45 ° C for 4 hours. It was.
- Example 6 A light emitting layer forming coating solution prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 was heated at 150 ° C for 30 minutes, and after confirming the uniform state, it was allowed to stand at 45 ° C for 4 hours. It was. (Example 7) Same as Example 5 except that Compound D-1 was changed to Compound D-7 in Example 5 and the concentration in the coating solution for forming the light emitting layer was changed to 44.4 parts by mass. When the coating solution for forming a light emitting layer was heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes and confirmed to be uniform, and then allowed to stand at 45 ° C. for 4 hours, the uniform state was maintained.
- Example 8 The same as Example 5 except that the compound D-1 was changed to the compound D-8 and the concentration in the coating solution for forming the light emitting layer was changed to 39.8 parts by mass.
- the coating solution for forming a light emitting layer was heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes and confirmed to be uniform, and then allowed to stand at 45 ° C. for 4 hours, the uniform state was maintained.
- Reference Example 2 A coating solution for forming a light emitting layer prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 was heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, confirmed to be uniform, and then allowed to stand at 45 ° C. for 4 hours. It was.
- Comparative Example 7 Comparative Example 3 except that Compound D-5 was changed to Compound D-11 represented by the following formula and its concentration in the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to 28.0 parts by mass.
- the coating solution for forming a light emitting layer prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 was heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes and confirmed to be uniform, the solution was allowed to stand at 45 ° C. for 4 hours.
- compositions using the compound of the present invention at a heavy dope concentration in the light emitting layer forming coating solution have good storage stability.
- Example 9 An organic electroluminescent element having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was produced by the following method. However, the iridium atom concentration in the light emitting layer was adjusted to be about 0.19 mmol / g.
- the glass substrate 1 and the transparent electrode 2 were produced in the same manner as in Production 1 of the organic electroluminescent element in Example 3.
- P-3 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate
- ethyl benzoate represented by the structural formula (A-1)
- a coating solution for forming a hole injection layer was prepared. This coating solution was formed on the anode by spin coating under the following conditions to obtain a hole injection layer 3 having a thickness of 29 nm.
- a coating solution for forming a hole transport layer containing the compound (P-4) having the structure shown below is prepared, and film formation is performed by spin coating under the following conditions, followed by polymerization by heating. A 20 nm hole transport layer 4 was formed.
- Example 10 The organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to the composition of Example 6 in Example 9.
- Example 11 The organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to the composition of Example 7 in Example 9.
- Comparative Example 8 The organic electroluminescent element shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to the composition of Comparative Example 3 in Example 9. The element thus obtained was driven at a constant current of 15 mA / cm 2 , the time when the luminance decreased to 90% was determined as LT90 (h), and the relative value when LT90 of Comparative Example 8 was set to 100 Is shown in Table 4.
- Example 12 the organic electroluminescence device shown in FIG. 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the light emitting layer forming coating solution was changed to the composition of Example 8, and the maximum wavelength of the device was 517 nm. there were.
- the present invention is applicable to various fields in which organic electroluminescent elements are used, such as flat panel displays (for example, for OA computers and wall-mounted televisions) and surface emitting. It can be suitably used in fields such as a light source (for example, a light source of a copying machine, a backlight light source of a liquid crystal display or an instrument), a display board, a marker lamp, and an illumination device that make use of the characteristics of the body.
- a light source for example, a light source of a copying machine, a backlight light source of a liquid crystal display or an instrument
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
塗布法による成膜のためには、層に含まれる有機材料が有機溶媒に溶解しやすいことが必要である。通常トルエンのような低沸点で低粘度の溶媒が使用される。このような溶媒で作成したインクは、スピンコート法などにより容易に成膜することができる。
また、燐光発光材料であるイリジウム錯体は還元に弱いため、電子を受け取ってアニオン状態になると、イリジウム錯体自身が劣化したり、発光層内においてイリジウム錯体の周囲に存在する電荷輸送材料を劣化させることによって、素子の発光効率や駆動寿命を低下させるという問題があった。
さらに、発光効率や駆動寿命の向上のさらなる方法の一つとして、発光層内のイリジウム錯体の濃度を高くする、いわゆるヘビードープが行われることがある。しかし、上記特許に具体的に記載されているイリジウム錯体を用いて通常のドープ濃度の素子に加え、ヘビードープした素子を検討したところ、もともとの発光効率が低いためヘビードープによっても効率が高くならなかったり、あるいは駆動寿命が逆に低下してしまうという問題点が見つかった。
また、本発明は、素子寿命が改善された有機電界発光素子、並びに該有機電界素子を用いた表示装置及び照明装置を提供することを課題とする。
即ち、本発明の要旨は、下記[1]~[9]に存する。
[1]下記式(1)で表されるイリジウム錯体化合物。
環Cy1は炭素原子C1およびC2を含む芳香環またはヘテロ芳香環を表し、
環Cy2は炭素原子C3および窒素原子N1を含む6員環ヘテロ芳香環を表し、
環Cy3は炭素原子C4およびC5を含む芳香環またはヘテロ芳香環を表し、
環Cy4は炭素原子C6および窒素原子N2を含む6員環ヘテロ芳香環を表す。
m=1または2であり、
m+n=3である。
a,b,c,dはそれぞれ独立に1~4の整数を表す。
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~30のアルケニル基、炭素数1~30のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数3~30のアリールオキシ基、炭素数3~30のアリール基、炭素数3~30のヘテロアリール基、炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基、炭素数7~40のアラルキル基、式(2)または式(3)から選ばれる。
但し、R1またはR2のうち少なくとも1つは下記式(2)で表され、R3またはR4のうち少なくとも1つは下記式(3)で表される。
hは1~3の整数を表す。
*は結合手を表す。
Rはその出現ごとにそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、シアノ基、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数5~30のアリール基でさらに置換されていてもよいアミノ基または炭素数1~20のアシル基から選ばれる。
R’はその出現ごとにそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基またはフッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~40のアラルキル基から選ばれる。
yは1~10の整数を表す。
*は結合手を表す。
Rは式(2)と同義であり、
R’’はその出現ごとにそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基またはアリール基で置換されていてもよいナフチル基、または炭素数1~20のヘテロアリール基から選ばれる。
前記式(2)および前記式(3)で表される基を除く前記R1~R4の基は、さらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。
R1~R4がそれぞれ複数個ある場合は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
複数のR1~R4が互いに隣り合う場合、隣り合っているR1~R4同士が、直接結合あるいは炭素数3~12のアルキレン基、炭素数3~12のアルケニレン基もしくは炭素数6~12のアリーレン基を介して結合して、環を形成してもよく、これらの環はさらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、炭素数3~30のアリールオキシ基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。
また、R1とR2、あるいはR3とR4が、直接結合あるいは炭素数3~12のアルキレン基、炭素数3~12のアルケニレン基もしくは炭素数6~12のアリーレン基を介して結合して、環を形成してもよく、これらの環はさらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、炭素数3~30のアリールオキシ基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。
[2]前記式(2)が下記式(4)で表され、かつ、前記式(3)が下記式(5)で表される[1]に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物。
tは1から10の整数を表し、
uは0から2の整数を表し、
wは0から4の整数を表し、
s+t+u+wは1から10の整数である。
*は結合手を表す。
R、R’’およびkは式(3)と同義である。
[3]R1のうち少なくとも1つは式(2)または式(4)で表され、かつ、R3のうち少なくとも1つは式(3)または式(5)で表される[1]または[2]に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物。
[4]R’はフッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数4~40のアラルキル基から選ばれる[1]~[3]のいずれか一に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物。
[5]Cy1およびCy3がベンゼン環である[1]~[4]のいずれか一に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物。
[6][1]~[5]のいずれか一に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物及び有機溶剤を含有する組成物。
[7][1]~[5]のいずれか一に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物を含む、有機電界発光素子。
[8][7]に記載の有機電界発光素子を有する表示装置。
[9][7]に記載の有機電界発光素子を有する照明装置。
ここで、本明細書において“質量%”と“重量%”及び“質量部”と“重量部”とは、それぞれ同義である。
本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物は、下記式(1)で表される化合物である。
環Cy1はイリジウム原子に配位する炭素原子C1およびC2を含む芳香環またはヘテロ芳香環を表し、環Cy3はイリジウム原子に配位する炭素原子C4およびC5を含む芳香環またはヘテロ芳香環を表す。具体的には、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、フェナントレン環、ペリレン環、テトラセン環、ピレン環、ベンズピレン環、クリセン環、トリフェニレン環、フルオランテン環、フラン環、ベンゾフラン環、ジベンゾフラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ジベンゾチオフェン環、ピロール環、ピラゾール環、イミダゾール環、オキサジアゾール環、インドール環、カルバゾール環、ピロロイミダゾール環、ピロロピラゾール環、ピロロピロール環、チエノピロール環、チエノチオフェン環、フロピロール環、フロフラン環、チエノフラン環、ベンゾイソオキサゾール環、ベンゾイソチアゾール環、ベンゾイミダゾール環、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、トリアジン環、キノリン環、イソキノリン環、シノリン環、キノキサリン環、ベンゾイミダゾール環、ペリミジン環、キナゾリン環、キナゾリノン環が好ましい。これらの中でも、発光波長や溶解性向上あるいは素子の波長制御並びに耐久性向上のためには、これらの環上に適切な置換基が導入されることが多く、そのような置換基の導入方法が多く知られている環であることが好ましい。環Cy1および環Cy3は炭化水素芳香環であることが更に好ましく、ベンゼン環またはナフタレン環であることがより好ましく、ベンゼン環であることが特に好ましい。
環Cy2は炭素原子C3およびイリジウム原子に配位する窒素原子N1を含む6員環ヘテロ芳香環を表し、環Cy4は炭素原子C6およびイリジウム原子に配位する窒素原子N2を含む6員環ヘテロ芳香環を表す。具体的には、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、トリアジン環、キノリン環、イソキノリン環、シノリン環、キノキサリン環、ペリミジン環、キナゾリン環、キナゾリノン環が好ましい。これらの中でも、置換基を導入しやすく発光波長や溶解性の調整がしやすいこと、及び、イリジウムと錯体化する際に収率良く合成できる手法が多く知られていることから、好ましくは、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、キノリン環、イソキノリン環、ピリミジン環、トリアジン環、キノキサリン環、キナゾリン環、であり、より好ましくは、ピリジン環、ピリミジン環、キノリン環、イソキノリン環、キノキサリン環である。
R1、R2、R3、R4は、それぞれ、環Cy1、環Cy2、環Cy3、環Cy4に結合する基を表す。R1、R2、R3、R4は、それらが複数個ある場合、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。R1~R4はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~30のアルケニル基、炭素数1~30のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数3~30のアリールオキシ基、炭素数3~30のアリール基、炭素数3~30のヘテロアリール基、炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基、炭素数7~40のアラルキル基、式(2)または式(3)から選ばれる。
a,b,c,dはそれぞれ独立に1~4の整数を表す。
aは、錯体の溶解性を十分保持しかつ正孔の輸送性が良好であるという観点から、好ましくは1~2であり、最も好ましくは1である。
bは、錯体の溶解性を十分保持しかつ耐久性と発光色を調節するという観点から、好ましくは0~2であり、より好ましくは0~1であり、最も好ましくは0である。
cは、錯体の溶解性を十分保持しかつ正孔の輸送性が良好であるという観点から、好ましくは1~2であり、最も好ましくは1である。
dは、錯体の溶解性を十分保持しかつ耐久性と発光色を調節するという観点から、好ましくは0~2であり、より好ましくは0~1であり、最も好ましくは0である。
但し、R1またはR2のうち少なくとも一つは下記式(2)で表される基である。素子内部において発光材料は電荷を輸送し得るが、特にヘビードープ素子においては正孔を輸送する役割を担うと考えられる。正孔が輸送されにくいと発光層中での電荷再結合に位置が限定されるため発光効率ひいては駆動寿命が低下する。正孔の輸送は環Cy1とその置換基に多く依存するため、正孔を輸送しやすくするという観点から少なくとも一つのR1が式(2)で表される基であることが好ましい。
hは1~3の整数を表し、錯体の溶解性を十分保持するという観点から、好ましくは1である。
*は結合手を表す。
Rはその出現ごとにそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、シアノ基、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数5~30のアリール基でさらに置換されていてもよいアミノ基または炭素数1~20のアシル基から選ばれ、好ましくは水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基である。正孔輸送性を高める観点から、Rは水素原子であることがより好ましく、全てのRが水素原子であることが特に好ましい。また、発光波長を短波長化する観点からは、少なくとも一つのRがフッ素原子、シアノ基、またはフッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基であることが好ましく、一つの配位子が有するRの内、一つまたは二つのRのみがフッ素原子、シアノ基、またはフッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基であることがより好ましく、一つの配位子が有するRの内、一つのRのみがシアノ基、またはフッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基であることが最も好ましい。
R’はその出現ごとにそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数4~20のアルキル基またはフッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数4~40のアラルキル基から選ばれ、好ましくは炭素数5~12の直鎖アルキル基または炭素数4~40のアラルキル基であり、さらに好ましくは炭素数4~40のアラルキル基である。
炭素数4~40のアラルキル基の例としては、フェニルメチル基、フェニルエチル基、1,1-ジメチル-1-フェニルメチル基、3-フェニル-1-プロピル基、4-フェニル-1-n-ブチル基、1-メチル-1-フェニルエチル基、5-フェニル-1-n-プロピル基、6-フェニル-1-n-ヘキシル基、7-フェニル-1-n-ヘプチル基、8-フェニル-1-n-オクチル基、4-フェニルシクロヘキシル基などが挙げられる。
kは0~5の整数を表し、錯体の溶解性を十分保持しかつ正孔の輸送性が良好であるという観点から0または1が好ましく、より正孔の輸送性が良好であるという観点から0がより好ましい。
*は結合手を表す。
式(3)中のRは、式(2)と同義である。
R’’はその出現ごとにそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基またはアリール基で置換されていてもよいナフチル基、または炭素数1~20のアリール基で置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール基から選ばれる。正孔の輸送性を促進するという観点から、炭素数1~20のアルキル基またはナフチル基が好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルキル基またはナフチル基がさらに好ましい。
式(2)および式(3)で表される基を除くR1~R4の前記基は、さらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。
さらに、複数のR1~R4が互いに隣り合う場合、隣り合っているR1~R4同士が、直接結合あるいは炭素数3~12のアルキレン基、炭素数3~12のアルケニレン基もしくは炭素数6~12のアリーレン基を介して結合して、環を形成してもよく、これらの環はさらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。
また、R1とR2、あるいはR3とR4が、直接結合あるいは炭素数3~12のアルキレン基、炭素数3~12のアルケニレン基もしくは炭素数6~12のアリーレン基を介して結合して、環を形成してもよく、これらの環はさらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。
炭素数1~30のアルキル基は、例えばメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、イソブチル基等が挙げられ、中でもメチル基が好ましい。
炭素数2~30のアルケニル基は、例えばビニル基、アリル基、3-ブテノ基、2-ブテノ基、1,3-ブタジエニル基などが挙げられ、中でもビニル基が好ましい。
炭素数1~30のアルキルアミノ基は、例えばメチルアミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基、ジブチルアミノ基、オクチルアミノ基、ジオクチルアミノ基等が挙げられ、中でもメチルアミノ基またはジメチルアミノ基が好ましい。
炭素数3~30のアリール基は、例えばフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、ナフチル基、ナフチルフェニル基、ナフチルビフェニル基などが挙げられ、中でもフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基が好ましい。
炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基は、例えばフェニルアミノ基、ジフェニルアミノ基、ジトリルアミノ基、ジ(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)アミノ基等が挙げられる。
mは1または2であるが、錯体の溶解性を十分保持しかつ正孔輸送性が向上するという観点からm=1であることがより好ましい。また、m+n=3である。
前記式(2)は、好ましくは下記式(4)で表される。
溶解性を高く保つという観点から、pは0または1がより好ましく、rは0または1がより好ましい。
正孔輸送性を高く保つという観点から、p+q+rは0から5の整数であることがより好ましい。
溶解性を高く保つという観点から、sは0または1がより好ましく、uは0または1がより好ましい。
正孔輸送性を高く保つという観点から、s+t+u+wは0から5の整数であることがより好ましい。
また、本願発明におけるイリジウム錯体は、式(2)が式(4)であり、かつ、式(3)が式(5)であることがさらに好ましい。
また、R1のうち少なくとも1つは式(2)または式(4)で表され、かつ、R3のうち少なくとも1つは式(3)または式(5)で表されることがより好ましい。
また、R1のうち少なくとも1つは式(4)で表され、かつ、R3のうち少なくとも1つは式(5)で表されることが更に好ましい。
以下に、本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物の好ましい具体例を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物を用いる発光層形成用塗布液、すなわち、電荷輸送材料と共存する溶液の状態で析出することなく均一状態を維持するという保存安定性が向上すること、および、素子の発光効率や駆動寿命が向上するなどの素子特性が改善する理由を以下の通り推測する。
有機溶剤への溶解性を高めるには、通常イリジウム錯体化合物の配位子にアルキル基またはアラルキル基などの脂肪族炭化水素基を含む柔軟構造を有する基を導入することが行われている。これらの基は多くのコンホメーションをとりうるため、結晶化に際しては再配列のためのエネルギーが上昇する。よって、イリジウム錯体化合物は結晶化しにくくなり溶解性が向上するという効果が期待される。
さらに、発光層形成用塗布液に共存させる電荷輸送材料は通常これらの柔軟構造を有する基は有さず、ベンゼン環が連なる剛直な構造を有する。化学構造が似ているもの同士はお互いによく溶かしあうことが一般的傾向として知られているが、上述の方法により溶解性を高めたはずのイリジウム錯体化合物と電荷輸送材料との構造類似性は必ずしも高くないため、これらの化合物を共存させることにより、いずれかの化合物、特に電荷輸送材料の有機溶剤に対する溶解性が著しく低められ、固体として析出しやすくなってしまう。
加えて、これらの柔軟構造を有する基は本質的に絶縁体であるため、イリジウム錯体への電荷の注入およびイリジウム錯体間あるいはイリジウム錯体とホスト間の電荷の輸送を阻害する。また、基の運動性が高いため、励起状態からの無輻射失活の経路を提供してしまい、結果発光効率を悪化させてしまうという欠点が存在する。
湿式成膜法は、発光層の有機材料を一旦有機溶剤へ溶解したのち、スピンコート法やインクジェット法などにより塗布し、その後有機溶剤を加熱や減圧あるいは不活性ガスを吹き付けるなどによって蒸発気化させることにより成膜する方法である。必要であれば、成膜した有機材料を溶剤不溶性とするために、たとえば有機材料の分子中にC=C基、C≡C基あるいはベンゾシクロブテン基のような架橋基を存在させることにより、加熱あるいは光照射など既知の方法により架橋させ不溶化することもできる。
本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物は、既知の方法の組み合わせなどにより合成され得る。いわゆる鈴木-宮浦カップリング反応など公知の有機合成反応を組み合わせることにより配位子を合成することができる。イリジウム錯体化合物はこの配位子とイリジウム化合物により合成することができる。
最終反応後は未反応原料や反応副生物及び溶媒を除くために精製を行う。通常の有機合成化学における精製操作を適用することができるが、上記の非特許文献記載のように主として順相のシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製が行われる。展開液にはヘキサン、ヘプタン、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、酢酸エチル、トルエン、メチルエチルケトン、メタノールの単一または混合液を使用できる。精製は条件を変え複数回行ってもよい。その他のクロマトグラフィー技術(逆相シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー、ペーパークロマトグラフィー)や、分液洗浄、再沈殿、再結晶、粉体の懸濁洗浄、減圧乾燥などの精製操作を必要に応じて施すことができる。
本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物は、有機電界発光素子に用いられる材料、すなわち有機電界発光素子材料として好適に使用可能であり、有機電界発光素子やその他の発光素子等の発光材料としても好適に使用可能である。
本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物は、溶解性に優れることから、溶剤とともに使用されることが好ましい。以下、本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物と溶剤とを含有する組成物(イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物)について説明する。
つまり、イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物は、有機電界発光素子用組成物であることが好ましく、更に発光層形成用組成物として用いられることが特に好ましい。
本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物を用いて、有機電界発光素子の発光層を形成する場合には、本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物を発光材料とし、他の電荷輸送性化合物を電荷輸送材料として含むことが好ましい。
該溶剤は、溶質である本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物が高い溶解性を有するために、むしろ後述の電荷輸送性化合物が良好に溶解する溶剤であれば特に限定されない。好ましい溶剤としては、例えば、n-デカン、シクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、デカリン、ビシクロヘキサン等のアルカン類;トルエン、キシレン、メチシレン、フェニルシクロヘキサン、テトラリン等の芳香族炭化水素類;クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、トリクロロベンゼン等のハロゲン化芳香族炭化水素類;1,2-ジメトキシベンゼン、1,3-ジメトキシベンゼン、アニソール、フェネトール、2-メトキシトルエン、3-メトキシトルエン、4-メトキシトルエン、2,3-ジメチルアニソール、2,4-ジメチルアニソール、ジフェニルエーテル等の芳香族エーテル類;酢酸フェニル、プロピオン酸フェニル、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、安息香酸n-ブチル等の芳香族エステル類、シクロヘキサノン、シクロオクタノン、フェンコン等の脂環族ケトン類;シクロヘキサノール、シクロオクタノール等の脂環族アルコール類;メチルエチルケトン、ジブチルケトン等の脂肪族ケトン類;ブタノール、ヘキサノール等の脂肪族アルコール類;エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテルアセタート(PGMEA)等の脂肪族エーテル類;等が挙げられる。
これらの溶剤は1種類を単独で用いてもよく、また2種類以上を任意の組み合わせ、および比率で用いてもよい。
溶剤の沸点は通常80℃以上、好ましくは100℃以上、より好ましくは120℃以上、また、通常270℃以下、好ましくは250℃以下、より好ましくは230℃以下である。この範囲を下回ると、湿式成膜時において、組成物からの溶剤蒸発により、成膜安定性が低下する可能性がある。
また、イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物中の他の電荷輸送性化合物の含有量は、イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物中の本発明のイリジウム錯体化合物1質量部に対して、通常1000質量部以下、好ましくは100質量部以下、さらに好ましくは50質量部以下であり、通常0.01質量部以上、好ましくは0.1質量部以上、さらに好ましくは1質量部以上である。
以下に、本発明の有機電界発光素子、有機電界発光照明装置及び有機電界発光表示装置の実施態様を詳細に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、これらの内容により限定されるものではない。
基板は、有機電界発光素子の支持体となるものであり、通常、石英やガラスの板、金属板や金属箔、プラスチックフィルムやシート等が用いられる。これらのうち、ガラス板や、ポリエステル、ポリメタクリレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルホン等の透明な合成樹脂の板が好ましい。基板は、外気による有機電界発光素子の劣化が起こり難いことからガスバリア性の高い材質とするのが好ましい。このため、特に合成樹脂製の基板等のようにガスバリア性の低い材質を用いる場合は、基板の少なくとも片面に緻密なシリコン酸化膜等を設けてガスバリア性を上げるのが好ましい。
陽極は、発光層側の層に正孔を注入する機能を担う。陽極は、通常、アルミニウム、金、銀、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金等の金属;インジウム及び/又はスズの酸化物等の金属酸化物;ヨウ化銅等のハロゲン化金属;カーボンブラック及びポリ(3-メチルチオフェン)、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子等により構成される。陽極の形成は、通常、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法等の乾式法により行われることが多い。また、銀等の金属微粒子、ヨウ化銅等の微粒子、カーボンブラック、導電性の金属酸化物微粒子、導電性高分子微粉末等を用いて陽極を形成する場合には、適当なバインダー樹脂溶液に分散させて、基板上に塗布することにより形成することもできる。また、導電性高分子の場合は、電解重合により直接基板上に薄膜を形成したり、基板上に導電性高分子を塗布して陽極を形成することもできる(Appl.Phys.Lett.,60巻,2711頁,1992年)。
陽極の表面に成膜を行う場合は、成膜前に、紫外線+オゾン、酸素プラズマ、アルゴンプラズマ等の処理を施すことにより、陽極上の不純物を除去すると共に、そのイオン化ポテンシャルを調整して正孔注入性を向上させておくのが好ましい。
陽極側から発光層側に正孔を輸送する機能を担う層は、通常、正孔注入輸送層又は正孔輸送層と呼ばれる。そして、陽極側から発光層側に正孔を輸送する機能を担う層が2層以上ある場合に、より陽極側に近い方の層を正孔注入層と呼ぶことがある。正孔注入層は、陽極から発光層側に正孔を輸送する機能を強化する点で、用いることが好ましい。正孔注入層を用いる場合、通常、正孔注入層は、陽極上に形成される。
正孔注入層の形成方法は、真空蒸着法でも、湿式成膜法でもよい。成膜性が優れる点では、湿式成膜法により形成することが好ましい。
正孔注入層は、正孔輸送性化合物を含むことが好ましく、正孔輸送性化合物と電子受容性化合物とを含むことがより好ましい。更には、正孔注入層中にカチオンラジカル化合物を含むことが好ましく、カチオンラジカル化合物と正孔輸送性化合物とを含むことが特に好ましい。
正孔注入層形成用組成物は、通常、正孔注入層となる正孔輸送性化合物を含有する。また、湿式成膜法の場合は、通常、更に溶剤も含有する。正孔注入層形成用組成物は、正孔輸送性が高く、注入された正孔を効率よく輸送できるのが好ましい。このため、正孔移動度が大きく、トラップとなる不純物が製造時や使用時等に発生し難いのが好ましい。また、安定性に優れ、イオン化ポテンシャルが小さく、可視光に対する透明性が高いことが好ましい。特に、正孔注入層が発光層と接する場合は、発光層からの発光を消光しないものや発光層とエキサイプレックスを形成して、発光効率を低下させないものが好ましい。
芳香族三級アミン化合物の種類は、特に制限されないが、表面平滑化効果により均一な発光を得やすい点から、重量平均分子量が1000以上1000000以下の高分子化合物(繰り返し単位が連なる重合型化合物)を用いるのが好ましい。芳香族三級アミン高分子化合物の好ましい例としては、下記式(I)で表される繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物等が挙げられる。
下記に連結基を示す。
式(I)で表される繰り返し単位を有する芳香族三級アミン高分子化合物の具体例としては、国際公開第2005/089024号に記載のもの等が挙げられる。
正孔注入層には、正孔輸送性化合物の酸化により、正孔注入層の導電率を向上させることができるため、電子受容性化合物を含有していることが好ましい。
電子受容性化合物としては、酸化力を有し、上述の正孔輸送性化合物から一電子受容する能力を有する化合物が好ましく、具体的には、電子親和力が4eV以上である化合物が好ましく、電子親和力が5eV以上である化合物が更に好ましい。
カチオンラジカル化合物としては、正孔輸送性化合物から一電子取り除いた化学種であるカチオンラジカルと、対アニオンとからなるイオン化合物が好ましい。但し、カチオンラジカルが正孔輸送性の高分子化合物由来である場合、カチオンラジカルは高分子化合物の繰り返し単位から一電子取り除いた構造となる。
ここで、カチオンラジカル化合物は、前述の正孔輸送性化合物と電子受容性化合物を混合することにより生成させることができる。即ち、前述の正孔輸送性化合物と電子受容性化合物とを混合することにより、正孔輸送性化合物から電子受容性化合物へと電子移動が起こり、正孔輸送性化合物のカチオンラジカルと対アニオンとからなるカチオンイオン化合物が生成する。
ここでいう酸化重合は、モノマーを酸性溶液中で、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩等を用いて化学的に、又は、電気化学的に酸化するものである。この酸化重合(脱水素重合)の場合、モノマーが酸化されることにより高分子化されるとともに、酸性溶液由来のアニオンを対アニオンとする、高分子の繰り返し単位から一電子取り除かれたカチオンラジカルが生成する。
湿式成膜法により正孔注入層を形成する場合、通常、正孔注入層となる材料を可溶な溶剤(正孔注入層用溶剤)と混合して成膜用の組成物(正孔注入層形成用組成物)を調製し、この正孔注入層形成用組成物を正孔注入層の下層に該当する層(通常は、陽極)上に塗布して成膜し、乾燥させることにより形成させる。
エーテル系溶剤としては、例えば、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテルアセタート(PGMEA)等の脂肪族エーテル及び1,2-ジメトキシベンゼン、1,3-ジメトキシベンゼン、アニソール、フェネトール、2-メトキシトルエン、3-メトキシトルエン、4-メトキシトルエン、2,3-ジメチルアニソール、2,4-ジメチルアニソール等の芳香族エーテル等が挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素系溶剤としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレン、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、3-イソプロピルビフェニル、1,2,3,4-テトラメチルベンゼン、1,4-ジイソプロピルベンゼン、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、メチルナフタレン等が挙げられる。アミド系溶剤としては、例えば、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等が挙げられる。
正孔注入層3の湿式成膜法による形成は、通常、正孔注入層形成用組成物を調製後に、これを、正孔注入層3の下層に該当する層(通常は、陽極2)上に塗布成膜し、乾燥することにより行われる。正孔注入層3は、通常、成膜後に、加熱や減圧乾燥等により塗布膜を乾燥させる。
真空蒸着法により正孔注入層3を形成する場合には、通常、正孔注入層3の構成材料(前述の正孔輸送性化合物、電子受容性化合物等)の1種類又は2種類以上を真空容器内に設置された坩堝に入れ(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々を別々の坩堝に入れ)、真空容器内を真空ポンプで10-4Pa程度まで排気した後、坩堝を加熱して(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々の坩堝を加熱して)、坩堝内の材料の蒸発量を制御しながら蒸発させ(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々独立に蒸発量を制御しながら蒸発させ)、坩堝に向き合って置かれた基板上の陽極上に正孔注入層を形成させる。なお、2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、それらの混合物を坩堝に入れ、加熱、蒸発させて正孔注入層を形成することもできる。
正孔輸送層は、陽極側から発光層側に正孔を輸送する機能を担う層である。正孔輸送層は、本発明の有機電界発光素子では、必須の層では無いが、陽極から発光層に正孔を輸送する機能を強化する点では、この層を用いるのが好ましい。正孔輸送層を用いる場合、通常、正孔輸送層は、陽極と発光層の間に形成される。また、上述の正孔注入層がある場合は、正孔注入層と発光層の間に形成される。
正孔輸送層の形成方法は、真空蒸着法でも、湿式成膜法でもよい。成膜性が優れる点では、湿式成膜法により形成することが好ましい。
正孔輸送層は、通常、正孔輸送層となる正孔輸送性化合物を含有する。正孔輸送層に含まれる正孔輸送性化合物としては、特に、4,4’-ビス[N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ]ビフェニルで代表される、2個以上の3級アミンを含み2個以上の縮合芳香族環が窒素原子に置換した芳香族ジアミン(日本国特開平5-234681号公報)、4,4’,4’’-トリス(1-ナフチルフェニルアミノ)トリフェニルアミン等のスターバースト構造を有する芳香族アミン化合物(J.Lumin.,72-74巻、985頁、1997年)、トリフェニルアミンの四量体から成る芳香族アミン化合物(Chem.Commun.,2175頁、1996年)、2,2’,7,7’-テトラキス-(ジフェニルアミノ)-9,9’-スピロビフルオレン等のスピロ化合物(Synth.Metals,91巻、209頁、1997年)、4,4’-N,N’-ジカルバゾールビフェニルなどのカルバゾール誘導体などが挙げられる。また、例えばポリビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニルトリフェニルアミン(日本国特開平7-53953号公報)、テトラフェニルベンジジンを含有するポリアリーレンエーテルサルホン(Polym.Adv.Tech.,7巻、33頁、1996年)等も好ましく使用できる。
湿式成膜法で正孔輸送層を形成する場合は、通常、上述の正孔注入層を湿式成膜法で形成する場合と同様にして、正孔注入層形成用組成物の代わりに正孔輸送層形成用組成物を用いて形成させる。
湿式成膜法で正孔輸送層を形成する場合は、通常、正孔輸送層形成用組成物は、更に溶剤を含有する。正孔輸送層形成用組成物に用いる溶剤は、上述の正孔注入層形成用組成物で用いる溶剤と同様の溶剤を使用することができる。
正孔輸送層の湿式成膜法による形成は、前述の正孔注入層成膜法と同様に行うことができる。
真空蒸着法で正孔輸送層を形成する場合についても、通常、上述の正孔注入層を真空蒸着法で形成する場合と同様にして、正孔注入層形成用組成物の代わりに正孔輸送層形成用組成物を用いて形成させることができる。蒸着時の真空度、蒸着速度及び温度などの成膜条件などは、前記正孔注入層の真空蒸着時と同様の条件で成膜することができる。
発光層は、一対の電極間に電界が与えられた時に、陽極から注入される正孔と陰極から注入される電子が再結合することにより励起され、発光する機能を担う層である。発光層は、陽極と陰極の間に形成される層であり、発光層は、陽極の上に正孔注入層がある場合は、正孔注入層と陰極の間に形成され、陽極の上に正孔輸送層がある場合は、正孔輸送層と陰極の間に形成される。
発光層は、少なくとも、発光の性質を有する材料(発光材料)を含有するとともに、好ましくは、電荷輸送性を有する材料(電荷輸送性材料)とを含有する。
発光材料は、所望の発光波長で発光し、本発明の効果を損なわない限り特に制限はなく、公知の発光材料を適用可能である。発光材料は、蛍光発光材料でも、燐光発光材料でもよいが、発光効率が良好である材料が好ましく、内部量子効率の観点から燐光発光材料が好ましい。燐光発光材料としては、本願発明のイリジウム錯体化合物を用いることが好ましい。
青色発光を与える蛍光発光材料(青色蛍光発光材料)としては、例えば、ナフタレン、ペリレン、ピレン、アントラセン、クマリン、クリセン、p-ビス(2-フェニルエテニル)ベンゼン及びそれらの誘導体等が挙げられる。
緑色発光を与える蛍光発光材料(緑色蛍光発光材料)としては、例えば、キナクリドン誘導体、クマリン誘導体、Al(C9H6NO)3などのアルミニウム錯体等が挙げられる。黄色発光を与える蛍光発光材料(黄色蛍光発光材料)としては、例えば、ルブレン、ペリミドン誘導体等が挙げられる。
電荷輸送性材料は、正電荷(正孔)又は負電荷(電子)輸送性を有する材料であり、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、特に制限はなく、公知の発光材料を適用可能である。
電荷輸送性材料は、従来、有機電界発光素子の発光層に用いられている化合物等を用いることができ、特に、発光層のホスト材料として使用されている化合物が好ましい。
発光層の形成方法は、真空蒸着法でも、湿式成膜法でもよいが、成膜性に優れることから、湿式成膜法が好ましい。本発明において湿式成膜法とは、成膜方法、即ち、塗布方法として、例えば、スピンコート法、ディップコート法、ダイコート法、バーコート法、ブレードコート法、ロールコート法、スプレーコート法、キャピラリーコート法、インクジェット法、ノズルプリンティング法、スクリーン印刷法、グラビア印刷法、フレキソ印刷法等、湿式で成膜される方法を採用し、この塗布膜を乾燥して膜形成を行う方法をいう。湿式成膜法により発光層を形成する場合は、通常、上述の正孔注入層を湿式成膜法で形成する場合と同様にして、正孔注入層形成用組成物の代わりに、発光層となる材料を可溶な溶剤(発光層用溶剤)と混合して調製した発光層形成用組成物を用いて形成させる。
溶剤としては、例えば、正孔注入層の形成について挙げたエーテル系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、芳香族炭化水素系溶剤、アミド系溶剤の他、アルカン系溶剤、ハロゲン化芳香族炭化水系溶剤、脂肪族アルコール系溶剤、脂環族アルコール系溶剤、脂肪族ケトン系溶剤及び脂環族ケトン系溶剤などが挙げられる。以下に溶媒の具体例を挙げるが、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、これらに限定されるものではない。
溶媒の使用量は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意であるが、発光層形成用組成物中の合計含有量は、低粘性なために成膜作業が行いやすい点で多い方が好ましく、また、一方、厚膜で成膜しやすい点で低い方が好ましい。溶剤の含有量は、イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物において好ましくは1質量%以上、より好ましくは10質量%以上、特に好ましくは50質量%以上、また、好ましくは99.99質量%以下、より好ましくは99.9質量%以下、特に好ましくは99質量%以下である。
加熱工程における加熱温度は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意であるが、乾燥時間を短くする点では温度が高いほうが好ましく、材料へのダメージが少ない点では低い方が好ましい。上限は通常250℃以下であり、好ましくは200℃以下、さらに好ましくは150℃以下である。下限は通常30℃以上であり、好ましくは50℃以上であり、さらに好ましくは80℃以上である。上限以上の温度は、通常用いられる電荷輸送材料または燐光発光材料の耐熱性より高く、分解や結晶化する可能性があり好ましくない。下限以下では溶媒の除去に長時間を要するため、好ましくない。加熱工程における加熱時間は、発光層形成用組成物中の溶媒の沸点や蒸気圧、材料の耐熱性、および加熱条件によって適切に決定される。
真空蒸着法により発光層を形成する場合には、通常、発光層の構成材料(前述の発光材料、電荷輸送性化合物等)の1種類又は2種類以上を真空容器内に設置された坩堝に入れ(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々を別々の坩堝に入れ)、真空容器内を真空ポンプで10-4Pa程度まで排気した後、坩堝を加熱して(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々の坩堝を加熱して)、坩堝内の材料の蒸発量を制御しながら蒸発させ(2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、通常各々独立に蒸発量を制御しながら蒸発させ)、坩堝に向き合って置かれた正孔注入輸送層の上に発光層を形成させる。なお、2種類以上の材料を用いる場合は、それらの混合物を坩堝に入れ、加熱、蒸発させて発光層を形成することもできる。
燐光発光する有機電界発光素子の発光層中のイリジウム錯体化合物の通常のドープ濃度は、発光層の単位重量当たりのイリジウム錯体化合物が0.1mmol/g以下の濃度である。本発明においては、この濃度を越えたドープ濃度を、ヘビードープ濃度という。一般にはヘビードープによる有機電界発光素子への影響はさまざまであり、素子の駆動寿命の伸長が期待される一方で、発光材料同士による励起子の対消滅による発光効率の低下も起きることが良く知られている。
発光層と後述の電子注入層との間に、正孔阻止層を設けてもよい。正孔阻止層は、発光層の上に、発光層の陰極側の界面に接するように積層される層である。
この正孔阻止層は、陽極から移動してくる正孔を陰極に到達するのを阻止する役割と、陰極から注入された電子を効率よく発光層の方向に輸送する役割とを有する。正孔阻止層6を構成する材料に求められる物性としては、電子移動度が高く正孔移動度が低いこと、エネルギーギャップ(HOMO、LUMOの差)が大きいこと、励起三重項準位(T1)が高いことが挙げられる。
正孔阻止層の膜厚は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意であるが、通常0.3nm以上、好ましくは0.5nm以上であり、また、通常100nm以下、好ましくは50nm以下である。
電子輸送層は素子の電流効率をさらに向上させることを目的として、発光層と電子注入層との間に設けられる。
電子輸送層は、電界を与えられた電極間において陰極から注入された電子を効率よく発光層の方向に輸送することができる化合物より形成される。電子輸送層に用いられる電子輸送性化合物としては、陰極又は電子注入層からの電子注入効率が高く、かつ、高い電子移動度を有し注入された電子を効率よく輸送することができる化合物であることが必要である。
電子輸送層は、前記と同様にして湿式成膜法、或いは真空蒸着法により正孔阻止層上に積層することにより形成される。通常は、真空蒸着法が用いられる。
電子注入層は、陰極から注入された電子を効率よく、電子輸送層又は発光層へ注入する役割を果たす。
電子注入を効率よく行うには、電子注入層を形成する材料は、仕事関数の低い金属が好ましい。例としては、ナトリウムやセシウム等のアルカリ金属、バリウムやカルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属等が用いられる。その膜厚は通常0.1nm以上、5nm以下が好ましい。
電子注入層は、湿式成膜法或いは真空蒸着法により、発光層又はその上の正孔阻止層上に積層することにより形成される。
湿式成膜法の場合の詳細は、前述の発光層の場合と同様である。
陰極は、発光層側の層(電子注入層又は発光層など)に電子を注入する役割を果たす。陰極の材料としては、前記の陽極に使用される材料を用いることが可能であるが、効率良く電子注入を行なう上では、仕事関数の低い金属を用いることが好ましく、例えば、スズ、マグネシウム、インジウム、カルシウム、アルミニウム、銀等の金属又はそれらの合金などが用いられる。具体例としては、例えば、マグネシウム-銀合金、マグネシウム-インジウム合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金等の低仕事関数の合金電極などが挙げられる。
陰極の膜厚は通常、陽極と同様である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわなければ、更に他の層を有していてもよい。すなわち、陽極と陰極との間に、上述の他の任意の層を有していてもよい。
なお、上述の説明とは逆の構造、即ち、基板上に陰極、電子注入層、発光層、正孔注入層、陽極の順に積層することも可能である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子を有機電界発光装置に適用する場合は、単一の有機電界発光素子として用いても、複数の有機電界発光素子がアレイ状に配置された構成にして用いても、陽極と陰極がX-Yマトリックス状に配置された構成にして用いてもよい。
本発明の表示装置及び照明装置は、上述のような本発明の有機電界発光素子を用いたものである。本発明の表示装置及び照明装置の形式や構造については特に制限はなく、本発明の有機電界発光素子を用いて常法に従って組み立てることができる。
例えば、「有機ELディスプレイ」(オーム社、平成16年8月20日発刊、時任静士、安達千波矢、村田英幸著)に記載されているような方法で、本発明の表示装置および照明装置を形成することができる。
<化合物(D-1)の合成例>
10L反応器に、窒素下削り状マグネシウム(190g)、乾燥THF(0.3L)、微量のヨウ素片で活性化し、ブロモベンゼン(1192g)の乾燥THF(3.5L)溶液に2時間かけて滴下し、更に1.5時間還流撹拌しグリニャール試薬溶液を調製した。20L反応器に、窒素下、1,5-ジブロモペンタン(4365g)乾燥THF(5.2L)を入れ、先に調製した触媒溶液を加え、内温10℃に冷却後、先に調製したグリニャール試薬溶液を、内温10~45℃になるように、1時間かけて滴下した後、室温で一夜撹拌した。3M塩酸(3.5L)を加え、油層を分離し、さらに水層を酢酸エチル(3.5×2回)で抽出した。油層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過、ろ液を濃縮し、褐色油状の粗体(4.9kg)を得た。この粗体を減圧蒸留して、微黄色透明油状物として中間体6(0.94kg)を得た。
化合物D-1と類似の方法で合成した化合物D-9は、100℃で調整されたフェニルシクロヘキサンの1wt%溶液が室温まで冷却されると速やかに析出した。溶解性が非常に低く、インクとすることができなかった。
図1に示す構造を有する有機電界発光素子を以下の方法で作製した。但し、実施例1および2と比較例1および2における発光層中のイリジウム原子濃度は、およそ0.095mmol/gとなるように調整した。同様に、実施例3および4と比較例3および4における発光層中のイリジウム原子濃度は、およそ0.19mmol/gとなるように調整した。
ガラス基板1の上に、インジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)透明導電膜を70nmの厚さに堆積したもの(ジオマテック社製、スパッタ成膜品)を、通常のフォトリソグラフィー技術と塩酸エッチングを用いて2mm幅のストライプにパターニングして陽極2を形成した。パターン形成したITO基板を、界面活性剤水溶液による超音波洗浄、超純水による水洗、超純水による超音波洗浄、超純水による水洗の順で洗浄後、圧縮空気で乾燥させ、最後に紫外線オゾン洗浄を行った。このITOは、透明電極2として機能する。
溶剤 安息香酸エチル
塗布液濃度 P-1 2.5質量%
A-1 0.4質量%
<正孔注入層3の成膜条件>
スピンコート雰囲気 大気中
加熱条件 乾燥大気中 240℃ 1時間
溶剤 フェニルシクロヘキサン
塗布液濃度 1.0質量%
<成膜条件>
スピンコート雰囲気 乾燥窒素中
加熱条件 230℃、1時間(乾燥窒素下)
溶剤 フェニルシクロヘキサン:1900質量部
発光層組成 H-1: 45質量部
H-2: 55質量部
D-1: 14.8質量部
<成膜条件>
スピンコート雰囲気 乾燥窒素中
加熱条件 120℃×20分(乾燥窒素下)
電子注入層8として、先ずフッ化リチウム(LiF)を、モリブデンボートを用いて、0.5nmの膜厚で電子輸送層7の上に成膜した。次に、陰極9としてアルミニウムを同様にモリブデンボートにより加熱して、膜厚80nmのアルミニウム層を形成した。以上の2層の蒸着時の基板温度は室温に保持した。
窒素グローブボックス中で、23mm×23mmサイズのガラス板の外周部に、約1mmの幅で光硬化性樹脂30Y-437(スリーボンド社製)を塗布し、中央部に水分ゲッターシート(ダイニック社製)を設置した。この上に、陰極形成を終了した基板を、蒸着された面が乾燥剤シートと対向するように貼り合わせた。その後、光硬化性樹脂が塗布された領域のみに紫外光を照射し、樹脂を硬化させた。
以上の様にして、2mm×2mmのサイズの発光面積部分を有する有機電界発光素子が得られた。
実施例1において、発光層を形成する際に用いた化合物D-1を、化合物D-4に変更し、その発光層形成用塗布液中の濃度を16.5質量部に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例1において、発光層を形成する際に用いた化合物D-1を、下記式で表される化合物D-5に変更し、その発光層形成用塗布液中の濃度を14.7質量部に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例1において、発光層を形成する際に用いた化合物D-1を、下記式で表される化合物D-6に変更し、その発光層形成用塗布液中の濃度を15.0質量部に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例1において、発光層形成用塗布液中の発光材料の濃度を34.6質量部に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例2において、発光層形成用塗布液中の発光材料の濃度を38.5質量部に変えた以外は、実施例2と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
比較例1において、発光層形成用塗布液中の発光材料の濃度を34.4質量部に変えた以外は、比較例1と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
比較例2において、発光層形成用塗布液中の発光材料の濃度を35.0質量部に変えた以外は、実施例2と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
このようにして得られた素子の性能を表1、表2に示す。
表1に、素子に10mA/cm2通電した場合の発光効率(cd/A)を、比較例1を100とした相対値で示す。
また、特に、本願発明の化合物を発光層にヘビードープ濃度でドープした素子は、発光効率が高く、高い駆動寿命を有する素子であることがわかった。
該塗布液の保存安定性試験においては、液に濁りが無いこと、および、赤色レーザー光を当てチンダル現象が観察されないこと、を目視で確認できた場合、溶液状態が保持された均一状態であると判断した。
(実施例5)実施例3と同様に作成した発光層形成用塗布液を、150℃で30分加熱し均一状態を確認したのち45℃で4時間静置したところ、均一状態を保持していた。
(実施例6)実施例4と同様に作成した発光層形成用塗布液を、150℃で30分加熱し均一状態を確認したのち45℃で4時間静置したところ、均一状態を保持していた。
(実施例7)実施例5において、化合物D-1を化合物D-7に変更し、その発光層形成用塗布液中の濃度を44.4質量部に変えた以外は、実施例5と同様に作成した発光層形成用塗布液を、150℃で30分加熱し均一状態を確認したのち45℃で4時間静置したところ、均一状態を保持していた。
(実施例8)実施例5において、化合物D-1を化合物D-8に変更し、その発光層形成用塗布液中の濃度を39.8質量部に変えた以外は、実施例5と同様に作成した発光層形成用塗布液を、150℃で30分加熱し均一状態を確認したのち45℃で4時間静置したところ、均一状態を保持していた。
(参考例2)比較例3と同様に作成した発光層形成用塗布液を、150℃で30分加熱し均一状態を確認したのち45℃で4時間静置したところ、均一状態を保持していた。
(比較例5)比較例4と同様に作成した発光層形成用塗布液を、150℃で30分加熱し均一状態を確認したのち45℃で4時間静置したところ、固体の析出が認められた。
(比較例6)比較例3において、化合物D-5を下式に示す化合物D-10に変更し、その発光層形成用塗布液中の濃度を47.0質量部に変えた以外は、比較例3と同様に作成した発光層形成用塗布液を、150℃で30分加熱し均一状態を確認したのち45℃で4時間静置したところ、固体の析出が認められた。
<化合物D-10>
(実施例9)
図1に示す構造を有する有機電界発光素子を以下の方法で作製した。但し、発光層中のイリジウム原子濃度は、およそ0.19mmol/gとなるように調整した。
溶剤 安息香酸エチル
塗布液濃度 P-3 2.0質量%
A-1 0.4質量%
<正孔注入層3の成膜条件>
スピンコート雰囲気 大気中
加熱条件 乾燥大気中 230℃ 1時間
溶剤 フェニルシクロヘキサン
塗布液濃度 1.5質量%
<成膜条件>
スピンコート雰囲気 乾燥窒素中
加熱条件 230℃、1時間(乾燥窒素下)
実施例9において、発光層形成用塗布液を実施例6の組成に変えた以外は、実施例9と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例9において、発光層形成用塗布液を実施例7の組成に変えた以外は、実施例9と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例9において、発光層形成用塗布液を比較例3の組成に変えた以外は、実施例9と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製した。
このようにして得られた素子を15mA/cm2で定電流駆動し、輝度が90%に低下した時の時間をLT90(h)として求め、比較例8のLT90を100とした場合の相対値を表4に示す。
実施例9において、発光層形成用塗布液を実施例8の組成に変えた以外は、実施例9と同様にして図1に示す有機電界発光素子を作製したところ、素子の極大波長は517nmであった。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 正孔輸送層
5 発光層
6 正孔阻止層
7 電子輸送層
8 電子注入層
9 陰極
Claims (9)
- 下記式(1)で表されるイリジウム錯体化合物。
環Cy1は炭素原子C1およびC2を含む芳香環またはヘテロ芳香環を表し、
環Cy2は炭素原子C3および窒素原子N1を含む6員環ヘテロ芳香環を表し、
環Cy3は炭素原子C4およびC5を含む芳香環またはヘテロ芳香環を表し、
環Cy4は炭素原子C6および窒素原子N2を含む6員環ヘテロ芳香環を表す。
m=1または2であり、
m+n=3である。
a,b,c,dはそれぞれ独立に1~4の整数を表す。
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~30のアルケニル基、炭素数1~30のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数3~30のアリールオキシ基、炭素数3~30のアリール基、炭素数3~30のヘテロアリール基、炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基、炭素数7~40のアラルキル基、下記式(2)または下記式(3)から選ばれる。
但し、R1またはR2のうち少なくとも1つは下記式(2)で表され、R3またはR4のうち少なくとも1つは下記式(3)で表される。
hは1~3の整数を表す。
*は結合手を表す。
Rはそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、シアノ基、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数5~30のアリール基でさらに置換されていてもよいアミノ基または炭素数1~20のアシル基から選ばれる。
R’はそれぞれ独立に、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数4~20のアルキル基またはフッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数4~40のアラルキル基から選ばれる。
yは1~10の整数を表す。
*は結合手を表す。
Rは式(2)と同義であり、
R’’はその出現ごとにそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基またはアリール基で置換されていてもよいナフチル基、または炭素数1~20のヘテロアリール基から選ばれる。
前記式(2)および前記式(3)で表される基を除く前記R1~R4の基は、さらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。
R1~R4がそれぞれ複数個ある場合は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
複数のR1~R4が互いに隣り合う場合、隣り合っているR1~R4同士が、直接結合あるいは炭素数3~12のアルキレン基、炭素数3~12のアルケニレン基もしくは炭素数6~12のアリーレン基を介して結合して、環を形成してもよく、これらの環はさらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、炭素数3~30のアリールオキシ基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。
また、R1とR2、あるいはR3とR4が、直接結合あるいは炭素数3~12のアルキレン基、炭素数3~12のアルケニレン基もしくは炭素数6~12のアリーレン基を介して結合して、環を形成してもよく、これらの環はさらに、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30のアルキル基、炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、炭素数3~30のアリールオキシ基、炭素数1~30のアルキル基でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数3~30のアリール基または炭素数3~30のアリールアミノ基で置換されていてもよい。 - R1のうち少なくとも1つは前記式(2)または前記式(4)で表され、かつ、R3のうち少なくとも1つは前記式(3)または前記式(5)で表される請求項1または2に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物。
- R’はフッ素原子でさらに置換されていてもよい炭素数4~40のアラルキル基から選ばれる請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物。
- Cy1およびCy3がベンゼン環である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物及び有機溶剤を含有する組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のイリジウム錯体化合物を含む、有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子を有する表示装置。
- 請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子を有する照明装置。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017521888A JP6922734B2 (ja) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-05-26 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 |
CN201680030667.3A CN107614510B (zh) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-05-26 | 铱络合化合物、含有该化合物的有机电致发光元件、显示装置和照明装置 |
KR1020177033548A KR102609664B1 (ko) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-05-26 | 이리듐 착물 화합물, 그 화합물을 함유하는 유기 전계 발광 소자, 표시 장치 및 조명 장치 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015110255 | 2015-05-29 | ||
JP2015-110255 | 2015-05-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016194784A1 true WO2016194784A1 (ja) | 2016-12-08 |
Family
ID=57441016
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/065644 WO2016194784A1 (ja) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-05-26 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JP6922734B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102609664B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107614510B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI697541B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016194784A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019107467A1 (ja) | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-06 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物および溶剤を含有する組成物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置および照明装置 |
WO2019216185A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物、化合物の製造法及びそれを用いた発光材料の製造法 |
US20200055885A1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2020-02-20 | Cambridge Display Techology Limited | Metal complex and organic light-emitting device |
WO2020145294A1 (ja) | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-16 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物 |
WO2020230811A1 (ja) | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物および溶剤を含有する組成物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置および照明装置 |
WO2021161974A1 (ja) | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-19 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物、有機電界発光素子とその製造方法、有機el表示装置、及び有機el照明装置 |
WO2022250044A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-12-01 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物及び有機電界発光素子とその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11239435B2 (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2022-02-01 | Luminescence Technology Corp. | Iridium complex and organic electroluminescence device using the same |
CN113121579B (zh) * | 2021-04-19 | 2023-06-06 | 河北松辰医药科技有限公司 | 3-(6-苯基己基)苯硼酸及其衍生物的合成方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004292423A (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-10-21 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | イリジウム(iii)錯体、及びそれを含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
WO2008073440A2 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-19 | Universal Display Corporation | Cross-linkable iridium complexes and organic light-emitting devices using the same |
JP2009173630A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-08-06 | Gracel Display Inc | 新規な有機発光化合物及びこれを使用する有機発光素子 |
JP2010526902A (ja) * | 2007-05-10 | 2010-08-05 | ユニバーサル ディスプレイ コーポレイション | ホスト及びドーパント機能をもつ有機金属化合物 |
JP2014224101A (ja) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-12-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 金属錯体およびそれを用いた発光素子 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10238903A1 (de) | 2002-08-24 | 2004-03-04 | Covion Organic Semiconductors Gmbh | Rhodium- und Iridium-Komplexe |
WO2013105615A1 (ja) | 2012-01-13 | 2013-07-18 | 三菱化学株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物並びに該化合物を含む溶液組成物、有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 |
US9793497B2 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2017-10-17 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Green luminescent materials |
CN107501332A (zh) | 2012-08-08 | 2017-12-22 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 铱配位化合物以及含有该化合物的组合物、有机场致发光元件、显示装置和照明装置 |
JP6119171B2 (ja) | 2012-10-05 | 2017-04-26 | 三菱化学株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物及び溶剤を含有する組成物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 |
-
2016
- 2016-05-26 CN CN201680030667.3A patent/CN107614510B/zh active Active
- 2016-05-26 WO PCT/JP2016/065644 patent/WO2016194784A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-05-26 JP JP2017521888A patent/JP6922734B2/ja active Active
- 2016-05-26 KR KR1020177033548A patent/KR102609664B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-05-27 TW TW105116618A patent/TWI697541B/zh active
-
2021
- 2021-06-02 JP JP2021093298A patent/JP7420116B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004292423A (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-10-21 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | イリジウム(iii)錯体、及びそれを含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
WO2008073440A2 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-19 | Universal Display Corporation | Cross-linkable iridium complexes and organic light-emitting devices using the same |
JP2010526902A (ja) * | 2007-05-10 | 2010-08-05 | ユニバーサル ディスプレイ コーポレイション | ホスト及びドーパント機能をもつ有機金属化合物 |
JP2009173630A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-08-06 | Gracel Display Inc | 新規な有機発光化合物及びこれを使用する有機発光素子 |
JP2014224101A (ja) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-12-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 金属錯体およびそれを用いた発光素子 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
HONDA CHIE ET AL: "Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Tris(Terphenylylpyridine)Iridium and Tris(Tritylphenylpyridine)Iridium Complexes as Novel Electrophosphorescent Materials", MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS, vol. 455, no. 1, 2006, pages 373 - 379, XP055332402 * |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20200055885A1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2020-02-20 | Cambridge Display Techology Limited | Metal complex and organic light-emitting device |
KR20200089668A (ko) | 2017-11-29 | 2020-07-27 | 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 | 이리듐 착물 화합물, 그 화합물 및 용제를 함유하는 조성물, 그 화합물을 함유하는 유기 전계 발광 소자, 표시 장치 및 조명 장치 |
WO2019107467A1 (ja) | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-06 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物および溶剤を含有する組成物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置および照明装置 |
US11038126B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2021-06-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Iridium complex compound, composition containing the compound and solvent, organic electroluminescent element containing the compound, display device, and illumination device |
JP7388508B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 | 2023-11-29 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物および溶剤を含有する組成物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置および照明装置 |
JP2022184975A (ja) * | 2017-11-29 | 2022-12-13 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物および溶剤を含有する組成物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置および照明装置 |
US11404652B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2022-08-02 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Iridium complex compound, composition containing the compound and solvent, organic electroluminescent element containing the compound, display device, and illumination device |
JP7148271B2 (ja) | 2018-05-10 | 2022-10-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物、化合物の製造法及びそれを用いた発光材料の製造法 |
WO2019216185A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物、化合物の製造法及びそれを用いた発光材料の製造法 |
JP2019196334A (ja) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物、化合物の製造法及びそれを用いた発光材料の製造法 |
WO2020145294A1 (ja) | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-16 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物 |
WO2020230811A1 (ja) | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物および溶剤を含有する組成物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置および照明装置 |
KR20220008818A (ko) | 2019-05-15 | 2022-01-21 | 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 | 이리듐 착물 화합물, 그 화합물 및 용제를 함유하는 조성물, 그 화합물을 함유하는 유기 전계 발광 소자, 표시 장치 및 조명 장치 |
WO2021161974A1 (ja) | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-19 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物、有機電界発光素子とその製造方法、有機el表示装置、及び有機el照明装置 |
WO2022250044A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-12-01 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | イリジウム錯体化合物、イリジウム錯体化合物含有組成物及び有機電界発光素子とその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6922734B2 (ja) | 2021-08-18 |
JP7420116B2 (ja) | 2024-01-23 |
JP2021138735A (ja) | 2021-09-16 |
TWI697541B (zh) | 2020-07-01 |
KR102609664B1 (ko) | 2023-12-04 |
CN107614510A (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
TW201702351A (zh) | 2017-01-16 |
CN107614510B (zh) | 2021-04-20 |
KR20180013895A (ko) | 2018-02-07 |
JPWO2016194784A1 (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7420116B2 (ja) | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 | |
JP5810417B2 (ja) | イリジウム錯体化合物、並びに該化合物を含む組成物、有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 | |
JP5040216B2 (ja) | 有機化合物、電荷輸送材料、有機電界発光素子用材料、電荷輸送材料組成物及び有機電界発光素子 | |
JP5168840B2 (ja) | 電荷輸送材料、有機電界発光素子用組成物及び有機電界発光素子 | |
JP5672858B2 (ja) | 電荷輸送材料、電荷輸送膜用組成物、有機電界発光素子、有機elディスプレイ及び有機el照明 | |
JP7069947B2 (ja) | 1,3,5-トリアジン化合物、該化合物を含有する組成物、及び有機電界発光素子製造方法 | |
JP2019218550A (ja) | 重合体、有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子、有機el表示装置及び有機el照明 | |
WO2020235562A1 (ja) | 有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子とその製造方法、及び表示装置 | |
US11404652B2 (en) | Iridium complex compound, composition containing the compound and solvent, organic electroluminescent element containing the compound, display device, and illumination device | |
JP5326417B2 (ja) | 電荷輸送膜及び有機電界発光素子 | |
JP6119171B2 (ja) | イリジウム錯体化合物、該化合物及び溶剤を含有する組成物、該化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 | |
US20240147833A1 (en) | Iridium Complex Compound, Iridium Complex Compound-Containing Composition, Organic Electroluminescent Element, and Method for Manufacturing the Same | |
JP7140014B2 (ja) | 有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置。 | |
WO2020251031A1 (ja) | 有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 | |
JP7276059B2 (ja) | 有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子、表示装置及び照明装置 | |
JP2008024698A (ja) | 有機化合物、電荷輸送材料、電荷輸送材料組成物及び有機電界発光素子 | |
JP2013216789A (ja) | 重合体、有機電界発光素子材料、有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子、有機el表示装置及び有機el照明 | |
JP7342639B2 (ja) | Oled素子形成用組成物及びoled素子 | |
JP2021127325A (ja) | 芳香族ジアミン誘導体 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16803219 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017521888 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20177033548 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 16803219 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |