WO2016183809A1 - 奈必洛尔的合成方法及其中间体化合物 - Google Patents

奈必洛尔的合成方法及其中间体化合物 Download PDF

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WO2016183809A1
WO2016183809A1 PCT/CN2015/079329 CN2015079329W WO2016183809A1 WO 2016183809 A1 WO2016183809 A1 WO 2016183809A1 CN 2015079329 W CN2015079329 W CN 2015079329W WO 2016183809 A1 WO2016183809 A1 WO 2016183809A1
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formula
compound
reaction
group
mixture
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PCT/CN2015/079329
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French (fr)
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郑志国
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浙江奥翔药业股份有限公司
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Priority to KR1020177035745A priority Critical patent/KR102529680B1/ko
Priority to KR1020237014455A priority patent/KR20230068441A/ko
Priority to CN201580079854.6A priority patent/CN107531662B/zh
Priority to ES15892188T priority patent/ES2901966T3/es
Priority to JP2018512461A priority patent/JP6847095B2/ja
Priority to CN202110813188.1A priority patent/CN113563295A/zh
Priority to PL15892188T priority patent/PL3299364T3/pl
Priority to EP21202835.1A priority patent/EP3974419A3/en
Application filed by 浙江奥翔药业股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江奥翔药业股份有限公司
Priority to EP15892188.2A priority patent/EP3299364B1/en
Priority to US15/575,171 priority patent/US10526304B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/079329 priority patent/WO2016183809A1/zh
Publication of WO2016183809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016183809A1/zh
Priority to US16/702,347 priority patent/US11142512B2/en
Priority to US17/465,606 priority patent/US20220056003A1/en

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    • A61K31/3533,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
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    • C07C43/20Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C07D301/02Synthesis of the oxirane ring
    • C07D301/03Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
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    • C07D311/04Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing a drug and an intermediate compound thereof, and more particularly to a method for synthesizing nebivolol, an intermediate compound thereof, and a method for producing the intermediate compound.
  • Nebivolol hydrochloride chemical name (+/-)-bis[2-(6-fluorochroman-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amine (formula I) hydrochloride, It is a highly selective third-generation beta blocker with vasodilatation developed by Johnson, which is mainly used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, angina pectoris and congestive heart failure.
  • the clinically applicable nebivolol hydrochloride is a mixture of equal amounts of the dextrorotatory isomer (formula Ia) and the levorotatory isomer (formula Ib), ie its racemate (formula I).
  • the beta blockade of nebivolol hydrochloride is mainly from the dextrorotatory isomer, but other effects depend on the coexistence of the levorotatory and dextro isomers.
  • I(S*R*R*R*) represents a racemate, which is an equimolar configuration of the right-handed nebivolol Ia (SRRR) and its enantiomer L-Nexirolol Ib a racemic mixture of (RSSS);
  • nebivolol Both the levorotatory and dextro isomers of nebivolol have important biological activities. L-isomers have endothelial cell-dependent vasodilatation, while dextro-isomers have strong ⁇ 1 receptor blockade. .
  • Currently used clinically is a mixture of levorotatory and dextrorotatory isomers, making the two isomers
  • the synergistic interactions ensure that nebivolol has a unique advantage in addition to the above-mentioned beta blockers: antagonizing the ⁇ 1 receptor by enhancing the release of NO and thereby vasodilating. Does not affect the ⁇ 2 receptor, does not cause bronchial smooth muscle and vascular smooth muscle contraction.
  • Nebolol contains four chiral carbon atoms in the molecular structure, and its labeling is shown below.
  • the isomer S*R*R*R* is a clinically applied nebivolol, which is expressed as containing the same amount.
  • the absolute configuration is a racemic mixture of the SRRR (right-handed) and RSSS (left-handed) enantiomers.
  • nebivolol The structural characteristics of nebivolol are certain symmetry. There are one (6-fluoro-benzopyranyl)ethane-2-ol structural units with different configurations on the left and right sides of the molecule, and the left side (A Part of the hydroxyl group is cis with the oxygen on the pyran ring, and the right side (part B) is trans, and the middle is connected by a nitrogen atom.
  • nebivolol is basically based on the symmetry of its molecules, the A and B parts are separately synthesized, and then coupled with benzylamine, separated and purified and deprotected.
  • the existing preparation methods of nebivolol mainly include the following:
  • the intermediate obtained by coupling two fragments having the relative configurations required for A and B contains two pairs of diastereomers, which are required to be separated by recrystallization to obtain an intermediate of the desired configuration:
  • Janssen's patent EP 145 067 discloses a synthesis method which is characterized in that a chroman and an iodotrimethyloxysulfide salt give a pair of unequal amounts of diastereomers under the action of sodium hydrogen.
  • M A (S*R*) and M B (R*R*) epoxidation intermediates, epoxy intermediates M A (S*R*) and M B (R*R*) can be separated by chromatography.
  • the reaction is as follows:
  • the main problem of the method is that the key intermediate needs to be separated by chromatography and is applied to a large-scale production cost, and the epoxy is prepared from an unstable color aldehyde.
  • the reaction conditions of the compound are harsh, the yield is low, and the reagent is expensive.
  • the method comprises the reaction of racemic color aldehyde with sodium hydrogen sulfite and sodium cyanide to obtain a nitrile alcohol intermediate, and then separating by column chromatography to obtain a pair of diastereomers of cis and trans nitrile.
  • the cis-nitrile alcohol intermediate is subjected to acetylation, catalytically hydrogenated to the corresponding aldehyde, and then hydrolyzed to obtain the corresponding aldol intermediate.
  • trans-nitrile alcohol intermediate is then catalytically hydrogenated to the corresponding alcohol amine, and then reacted with benzoyl chloride to obtain an amide, followed by reduction to give a benzylamine intermediate, and finally condensed with an aldol intermediate to obtain a pair of diastereomeric
  • the crude material of the conformation (four isomers) of nebivolol, which was then salted with hydrochloric acid and then recrystallized several times with ethanol to remove the other pair of isomers gave racemic nebivolol.
  • Patent EP0334429 and US6545040 after dissolving the color acid, the corresponding S-color full acid and R-color full acid are obtained, and the left-handed nebitropol is synthesized by the following steps;
  • Patent CN1834093A and CN1978442 are synthesized from acetone glyceraldehyde as raw material: D-acetone glyceraldehyde and 5-fluoro-2-hydroxyacetophenone are subjected to Kabbe condensation reaction and separated by column chromatography. To two color diol (S, R) and (R, R) isomers
  • alkyl denotes a straight or branched monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • C 1-6 alkyl means a branched or straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl Base, n-hexyl.
  • alkylene denotes a straight or branched divalent saturated hydrocarbon group consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • C 1-6 alkylene group means a branched or linear alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methylene group, an ethylene group or the like.
  • alkoxy denotes a group R A -O-, wherein R A is alkyl as defined above.
  • C 1-6 alkoxy means a group R A -O-, wherein R A is a C 1-6 alkyl group as described above.
  • Halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
  • Haloalkyl means an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted by one or more halogens, such as trifluoromethyl.
  • Niro means -NO 2 .
  • Aryl means a monocyclic or fused bicyclic aromatic ring containing a carbon atom.
  • C 5-10 aryl means an aryl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the C 5-10 aryl group can be phenyl or naphthyl.
  • Substituted aryl refers to an aryl group substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a haloalkyl group, and a nitro group as described above.
  • Alkyl means an alkyl group as described above substituted with an aryl group as described above.
  • Substituted aralkyl refers to an aralkyl group substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a haloalkyl group, and a nitro group as described above.
  • Alkoxy refers to an alkoxy group as described above which is substituted with an aryl group as described above.
  • substituted aralkyloxy group means an aralkyloxy group substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, or a halogenated alkyl group as described above.
  • the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula III
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting groups such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, allyl, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, for example p-methoxyphenyl or halogen Phenyl group,
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are each independently selected from alkyl or aryl, such as methyl, tert-butyl or phenyl;
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or any two of the compounds of formula III obtained in step c) Or a mixture of two or more kinds, stirred at a low temperature, for example, stirred at 0 to -20 ° C, crystallized, and filtered to obtain a solid of the compound of the formula III
  • the reaction of step a is carried out in an organic aprotic solvent such as methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether or toluene at a reaction temperature of from -100 ° C to 60 ° °C.
  • organic aprotic solvent such as methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether or toluene
  • the reaction of step b is carried out in the presence of a base, an acid or a fluorine-containing salt, preferably in the presence of a base selected from the group consisting of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates.
  • a base selected from the group consisting of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates.
  • the solvent used for the reaction is selected from a protic solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol or a mixture of any two or more thereof, and the reaction temperature is -100 ° C to 80 ° C.
  • the base described in step c is selected from a metal hydride or an organic base such as NaNH 2 or KNH 2
  • the organometallic reagent is selected from the group consisting of BuLi, t-BuLi, s-BuLi, LDA or Grignard reagent, such as MeMgX, EtMgX, BuMgX, i-PrMgX, wherein X is Br, I or Cl
  • the reaction solvent used is an organic aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl, dioxane Ethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, toluene or a mixture of any two or more thereof
  • the reaction temperature is -100 ° C to 100 ° C.
  • the organic solvent in step d is an organic aprotic solvent such as n-heptane, n-hexane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether or any two or A mixture of two or more.
  • step a the reaction of step a is carried out in an organic aprotic solvent such as methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether or toluene;
  • organic aprotic solvent such as methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether or toluene;
  • step b is carried out in the presence of a base, an acid or a fluorine-containing salt, preferably in the presence of a base selected from the group consisting of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, such as NaOH, KOH, Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , the solvent used for the reaction is selected from a protic solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
  • the base described in the step c is selected from a metal hydride or an organic base such as NaNH 2 or KNH 2
  • the organometallic reagent is selected from the group consisting of BuLi, t-BuLi, s-BuLi, LDA or Grignard reagent, such as MeMgX, EtMgX, BuMgX, i-PrMgX, wherein X is Br, I or Cl
  • the reaction solvent used is an organic aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, toluene, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl group Alkyl ether, toluene or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • reaction product obtained in any of the steps a) to c) or d) can be directly used as a starting material to carry out the subsequent reaction to prepare the compound III.
  • compound III of the formula (XV) can be used as a starting material and the steps b) to c) or d) as described above can be used to prepare the compound III, or the compound of the formula (XVI) can be used as a raw material and the step c as described above can be carried out. Or d) to prepare compound III.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula III,
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting groups such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, allyl, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, for example p-methoxyphenyl or halogen Substituted phenyl.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of racemic nebivolol of formula I,
  • I(S*R*R*R*) represents a racemate which is an equimolar configuration of the right-handed nebivolol Ia (SRRR) and its enantiomer L-Nexirolol a racemic mixture of Ib (RSSS);
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or any two or two thereof
  • stirring at a low temperature for example, stirring at 0 to -20 ° C, crystallizing, and filtering to obtain a solid of the compound of the formula IV1,
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting groups such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl,
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or any two or two thereof
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or any two or two thereof
  • compound V is a racemate and contains an equal amount of a racemic mixture of the formula Va and its enantiomer Vb, the relative configuration of which is represented by V(2R*, 3R*)
  • compound VI is a racemate and is a racemic mixture containing an equivalent amount of formula VIa and its enantiomer VIb, the relative configuration of which is represented by VI(2R*, 3S*)
  • VII(S*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula VIIa (S/R) and its enantiomer VIIb (R/S),
  • VIII(R*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula VIIIa (R/R) and its enantiomer VIIIb (S/S),
  • IX(S*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula IXa (S/R) and its enantiomer IXb (R/S),
  • X(R*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula Xa (R/R) and its enantiomer Xb (S/S),
  • XI(S*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula XIa (S/R) and its enantiomer XIb (R/S),
  • XII(R*/R*) is a racemate and is an isomeric mixture of the formula XIIa (R/R) and its enantiomer XIIb (S/S).
  • XIII(S*R*R*R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula XIIIa (SRRR) and its enantiomer XIIIb (RSSS),
  • XIII'(S*R*S*S*) is a racemate containing an equivalent amount of a racemic mixture of the formula XIII'a (SRSS) and its enantiomer XIII'b (RSRR),
  • I(S*R*R*R*) is a racemate containing an equivalent amount of formula Ia (SRRR) and its enantiomer Racemic mixture of bulk Ib (RSSS).
  • the metal complex hydride reducing agent used in the step 1) is LiAlH 4 or sodium dihydrobis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminate
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent.
  • tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, toluene, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, toluene or a mixture of any two or more thereof and the reaction temperature is -100 ° C to 60 ° C.
  • the catalyst used in the selective catalytic hydrogenation reduction is selected from the group consisting of Lindlar catalysts or P-2 type nickel boride/ethylenediamine catalysts.
  • the epoxidation reaction of the trans compound IV1 and the cis compound IV2 may be carried out by an epoxidation method generally used in the art, for example, an epoxidizing agent which may be used is selected, for example.
  • An organic peroxyacid such as MCPBA, trifluoroperacetic acid, dimethyl ketone (DMDO), a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, and a mixture of VO(acac) 2 and peroxybutanol, and a catalytic amount of A A pyridine-H 2 O 2 system in the presence of ruthenium trioxide (MTO).
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, toluene or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the temperature is -50 ° C to 50 ° C.
  • a hydroxy protecting group may be removed by a method commonly used in the field of organic chemistry, for example, a hydrogenolysis reaction in the presence of a catalyst to remove a benzyl protecting group, followed by a base cyclization; hydrogen
  • the catalyst used in the reaction is a palladium catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd;
  • the base used in the cyclization reaction is selected from the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides or Carbonate, alkoxide or organic base, such as NaOH, KOH, K 2 CO 3 , NaOMe, DBU; or deprotection and cyclization reaction under basic conditions using Pd / C as a catalyst for hydrogenolysis, so that benzyl removal
  • the base protecting group and the ring-closing reaction are carried out simultaneously, and the cyclized product is directly obtained.
  • the sulfonyl halide used in the sulfonylation reaction may be an arylsulfonyl chloride or a substituted arylsulfonyl chloride or an alkylsulfonyl chloride, such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or benzenesulfonate.
  • the catalyst may be used without a catalyst or an appropriate amount of an acylation catalyst, and the catalyst may be a dialkyl tin oxide.
  • the base used in the reaction may be a common organic base such as pyridine, Have a tertiary amine such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine, the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of any two or more thereof, the reaction temperature is -50 ° C to 50 ° C.
  • the amine-alkylation reaction is carried out by reacting benzylamine with the corresponding sulfonate using a molar ratio of benzylamine to the corresponding sulfonate substrate of 1/1.
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or any two or more thereof.
  • the mixture has a reaction temperature of -25 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • the base used in the cross-coupling reaction may be selected from an inorganic base such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , or an organic tertiary amine such as triethylamine or diiso.
  • the reaction solvent is an organic protic solvent such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or an organic polar aprotic solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, or
  • a mixture of any two or more of the above solvents may have a reaction temperature of from -25 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • the catalyst used in the deprotection reaction is a Pd catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd;
  • the reaction solvent is an alcohol or an ester. Or an ether, or a mixture of any two or more of the above solvents, such as methanol or ethanol.
  • the metal complex hydride reducing agent used in the step 1) is LiAlH 4 or sodium dihydrobis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminate
  • the reaction solvent is organic aprotic.
  • a solvent such as methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, toluene, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, toluene or a mixture of two or more thereof;
  • the catalyst used in the selective catalytic hydrogenation reduction is selected from a Lindlar catalyst or a P-2 type nickel boride/ethylene diamine catalyst;
  • the epoxidation reaction of the trans compound IV1 and the cis compound IV2 may be carried out by an epoxidation method generally used in the art.
  • an epoxidizing agent which may be used is selected from an organic peroxyacid such as MCPBA.
  • DMDO dimethyl ketone
  • MTO methyl antimony trioxide
  • a hydroxy protecting group may be removed by a method commonly used in the field of organic chemistry, for example, a hydrogenolysis reaction in the presence of a catalyst to remove a benzyl protecting group, followed by a base cyclization;
  • a catalyst used in the hydrogenolysis reaction Is a palladium catalyst, such as Pd / C, Pd (OH) 2 , Pd (OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd;
  • the base used in the cyclization reaction is selected from the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, alkoxides Or an organic base such as NaOH, KOH, K 2 CO 3 , NaOMe, DBU; or deprotection and cyclization reaction under basic conditions using Pd/C as a catalyst for hydrogenolysis to remove the benzyl protecting group and cyclization
  • the reaction is carried out simultaneously, and the cyclized product is directly obtained;
  • the sulfonyl halide used in the sulfonylation reaction may be an arylsulfonyl chloride or a substituted arylsulfonyl chloride or an alkylsulfonyl chloride such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride or p-halogenated benzene.
  • the catalyst may be used without a catalyst or an appropriate amount of an acylation catalyst, and the catalyst may be a dialkyl tin oxide compound, DMAP, for example Dibutyltin oxide and 2,2-dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxatine;
  • the base used in the reaction may be a common organic base such as pyridine, an organic tertiary amine, such as three Ethylamine or diisopropylethylamine,
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMA or any two thereof Or a mixture of two or more;
  • step 6 the amine-alkylation is carried out by reacting benzylamine with the corresponding sulfonate, and the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, acetic acid Ester, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of two or more thereof;
  • organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, acetic acid Ester, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of two or more thereof;
  • the base used in the cross-coupling reaction may be selected from an inorganic base such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , or an organic tertiary amine such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine.
  • the solvent is an organic protic solvent such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or an organic polar aprotic solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, or any two of the above solvents. Or a mixture of two or more; and
  • the catalyst used in the deprotection reaction is a Pd catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd, and the reaction solvent is an alcohol, an ester or an ether, or the above solvent. Any two or more mixtures, such as methanol or ethanol.
  • the reaction product obtained in any of the steps 1) to 9) can be directly used as a raw material to carry out the subsequent reaction to prepare the compound of the formula I, for example,
  • the compounds of the formulae IV1 and IV2 are used as starting materials and the steps 2) to 9) described above are carried out to give the racemic nebivolol of the formula I.
  • the compounds of formula IX and formula XII can be used as starting materials and steps 7) to 9) described above can be carried out to provide racemic nebivolol of formula I.
  • the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula IV1,
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from an aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting group such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl,
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether
  • Isopropyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or a mixture of any two or more thereof stirred at a low temperature, for example, stirred at 0 to -20 ° C, crystallized, and filtered to obtain a solid of the compound of the formula IV1.
  • R is as defined above.
  • the metal complex hydride reducing agent used in the above method is LiAlH 4 or sodium dihydrobis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminate
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent, for example. Tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, toluene, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, toluene or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the invention provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula IV2,
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from an aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting group such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl,
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether
  • R is as defined above.
  • the catalyst used in the selective catalytic hydrogenation reduction in the above process is selected from the group consisting of Lindlar catalysts or P-2 type nickel boride/ethylenediamine catalysts.
  • the invention provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula VII (S*/R*),
  • VII(S*/R*) is a racemate containing an equivalent amount of formula VIIa (S/R) and its enantiomer a racemic mixture of VIIb (R/S),
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting groups
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting groups
  • t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group
  • Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group
  • R is shown as benzyl (Bn)
  • compound V is a racemate and contains an equal amount of a racemic mixture of the formula Va and its enantiomer Vb, the relative configuration of which is represented by V(2R*, 3R*)
  • VII(S*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula VIIa (S/R) and its enantiomer VIIb (R/S),
  • reaction conditions, solvents and the like of steps 3) and 4) are as described above.
  • the invention provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula VIII (R*/R*),
  • VIII(R*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula VIIIa (R/R) and its enantiomer VIIIb (S/S),
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting groups
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, allyl or silicon protecting groups
  • t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group
  • Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group
  • R is shown as benzyl (Bn)
  • compound VI is a racemate and is a racemic mixture containing an equivalent amount of formula VIa and its enantiomer VIb, the relative configuration of which is represented by VI(2R*, 3S*)
  • VIII(R*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula VIIIa (R/R) and its enantiomer VIIIb (S/S),
  • reaction conditions, solvents and the like of steps 3) and 4) are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of racemic nebivolol of formula I,
  • I(S*R*R*R*) represents a racemate which is an equimolar configuration of the right-handed nebivolol Ia (SRRR) and its enantiomer L-Nexirolol a racemic mixture of Ib (RSSS);
  • the method comprises the following steps a) to c) or d) and steps 1) to 9):
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or any two of the compounds of formula III obtained in step c) Or a mixture of two or more, stirred at low temperature, for example, stirred at 0 to -20 ° C, crystallized, and filtered to obtain a solid of the compound of formula III
  • Step 1) Reduction of compound III via a metal complex hydride to give the trans compound of formula IV1, and optionally the step of adding a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane to the resulting compound of formula IV1.
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane
  • petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or a mixture of any two or more thereof stirred at a low temperature, for example, stirred at 0 to -20 ° C, crystallized, and filtered to obtain a solid of the compound of the formula IV1,
  • Step 2) Reduction of compound III by selective catalytic hydrogenation to give the cis compound of formula IV2, and optionally the step of adding a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane to the resulting compound of formula IV2.
  • a non-polar organic solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane
  • petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or a mixture of any two or more thereof stirred at low temperature, for example, stirred at 0 to -20 ° C, crystallized, and filtered to obtain a solid of the compound of the formula IV2,
  • Step 3) epoxidation of trans compound IV1 and cis compound IV2, respectively, under the action of an epoxidizing reagent to give epoxy intermediates V and VI, wherein R is as defined above,
  • compound V is a racemate and contains an equal amount of a racemic mixture of the formula Va and its enantiomer Vb, the relative configuration of which is represented by V(2R*, 3R*)
  • compound VI is a racemate and is a racemic mixture containing an equivalent amount of formula VIa and its enantiomer VIb, the relative configuration of which is represented by VI(2R*, 3S*)
  • Step 4) Deprotection and cyclization of compounds V and VI, respectively, to give intermediate compounds VII (S*/R*) and VIII (R*/R*), wherein R is as defined above,
  • VII(S*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula VIIa (S/R) and its enantiomer VIIb (R/S),
  • VIII(R*/R*) is a racemate containing an equivalent amount of formula VIIIa (R/R) and its enantiomer a racemic mixture of VIIIb (S/S),
  • Step 5 Sulfonylation of compounds VII and VIII with a sulfonyl halide of the formula M-SO 2 X (wherein M is an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, X is a halogen) in the presence of a catalyst and a base , to obtain compounds IX (S*/R*) and X (R*/R*),
  • IX(S*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula IXa (S/R) and its enantiomer IXb (R/S),
  • X(R*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula Xa (R/R) and its enantiomer Xb (S/S),
  • Step 6) subjecting compound IX or X to benzylamine for amine-alkylation reaction to obtain the corresponding compound XI or XII;
  • XI(S*/R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula XIa (S/R) and its enantiomer XIb (R/S),
  • XII(R*/R*) is a racemate and is an isomeric mixture of the formula XIIa (R/R) and its enantiomer XIIb (S/S).
  • XIII(S*R*R*R*) is a racemate, which is an isomeric mixture of the formula XIIIa (SRRR) and its enantiomer XIIIb (RSSS),
  • XIII'(S*R*S*S*) is a racemate containing an equivalent amount of a racemic mixture of the formula XIII'a (SRSS) and its enantiomer XIII'b (RSRR),
  • Step 8) The mixture containing the compound XIII and XIII' is recrystallized and purified to remove the isomer XIII' (S*R*S*S*) to give the intermediate XIII (S*R*R*R*),
  • I(S*R*R*R*) is a racemate and is a racemic mixture containing an equivalent amount of Formula Ia (SRRR) and its enantiomer Ib (RSSS).
  • step a) the reaction is carried out in an organic aprotic solvent such as methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether or toluene;
  • organic aprotic solvent such as methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether or toluene;
  • step b) the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, an acid or a fluorine-containing salt, preferably in the presence of a base selected from alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, such as NaOH, KOH, Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , the solvent used for the reaction is selected from a protic solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
  • the base is selected from a metal hydride or an organic base such as NaNH 2 or KNH 2
  • the organometallic reagent is selected from the group consisting of BuLi, t-BuLi, s-BuLi, LDA or Grignard reagent.
  • the reaction solvent used is an organic aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, toluene, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether. , tert-butyl methyl ether, toluene or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
  • the metal complex hydride reducing agent used is LiAlH 4 or sodium dihydrobis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminate
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or methyl. Tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, toluene or a mixture of two or more thereof;
  • step 2) the catalyst used in the selective catalytic hydrogenation reduction is selected from the group consisting of Lindlar catalyst or P-2 type nickel boride/ethylene diamine catalyst;
  • the epoxidation reaction of the trans compound IV1 and the cis compound IV2 may be carried out by an epoxidation method generally used in the art.
  • an epoxidizing agent which may be used is selected from an organic peroxyacid such as MCPBA.
  • reaction solvent being an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, toluene or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
  • a hydroxy protecting group may be removed by a method commonly used in the field of organic chemistry, for example, a hydrogenolysis reaction in the presence of a catalyst to remove a benzyl protecting group, followed by a base cyclization;
  • a catalyst used in the hydrogenolysis reaction Is a palladium catalyst, such as Pd / C, Pd (OH) 2 , Pd (OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd;
  • the base used in the cyclization reaction is selected from the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, alkoxides Or an organic base such as NaOH, KOH, K 2 CO 3 , NaOMe, DBU; or deprotection and cyclization using basic hydrogenolysis conditions under Pd/C as a catalyst to remove the benzyl protecting group and ring
  • the reaction is carried out simultaneously, and the cyclized product is directly obtained;
  • the sulfonyl halide used in the sulfonylation reaction may be an arylsulfonyl chloride or a substituted arylsulfonyl chloride or an alkylsulfonyl chloride such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride or p-halogenated benzene.
  • the catalyst may be used without a catalyst or an appropriate amount of an acylation catalyst, and the catalyst may be a dialkyl tin oxide compound, DMAP, for example Dibutyltin oxide and 2,2-dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxatine;
  • the base used in the reaction may be a common organic base such as pyridine, an organic tertiary amine, such as three Ethylamine or diisopropylethylamine,
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or any two thereof Or a mixture of two or more;
  • step 6 the amine-alkylation is carried out by reacting benzylamine with the corresponding sulfonate, and the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, acetic acid Ester, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of two or more thereof;
  • organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, acetic acid Ester, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of two or more thereof;
  • the base used in the cross-coupling reaction may be selected from an inorganic base such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , or an organic tertiary amine such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine.
  • the solvent is an organic protic solvent such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or an organic polar aprotic solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, or any two of the above solvents. Or a mixture of two or more; and
  • the catalyst used in the deprotection reaction is a Pd catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd, and the reaction solvent is an alcohol, an ester or an ether, or the above solvent. Any two or more mixtures, such as methanol or ethanol.
  • the reaction product obtained in any of steps a) to 9) can be used as a starting material for direct subsequent reaction to prepare a compound of formula I.
  • a compound of the formula XV can be used as a starting material and the steps b) to 9) described above can be carried out, or the compound of the formula XVI can be used as a starting material and the steps c) to 9) described above, thereby obtaining the racemic form of the formula I.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of dextroprofenol (Formula Ia),
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl , allyl or silicon protecting group, for example t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar Is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl;
  • hydrochloride salt of intermediate XIIIa is converted to the free intermediate XIIIa by base neutralization and then deprotected to give the right-handed nebivolol (formula Ia).
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing L-naprolide (Formula Ib),
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • R is a hydroxy protecting group selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl , allyl or silicon protecting group, for example t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar Is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl,
  • a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction is employed in step 3') using a chiral catalyst of D-(-)-diethyl tartrate or D-(-)- Diisopropyl tartrate, the reaction reagent is tetraisopropyl oxytitanium, peroxybutanol or cumene hydroperoxide, the reaction solvent is dichloromethane, and the reaction system is added with 3A or 4A molecular sieve, the reaction temperature is -45 °C to 50 °C.
  • a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction is employed in step 3" using a chiral catalyst of L-(+)-diethyl tartrate or L-(+)- Diisopropyl tartrate, the reaction reagent is tetraisopropyl oxytitanium, peroxybutanol or cumene hydroperoxide, the reaction solvent is dichloromethane, and the reaction system is added with 3A or 4A molecular sieve, the reaction temperature is -45 °C to 50 °C.
  • the hydroxy protecting group can be removed in the step 4') or the step 4") by a method commonly used in the field of organic chemistry, for example, hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst to remove the benzyl group.
  • the catalyst used in the hydrogenolysis reaction is a palladium catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd;
  • the base selected for the cyclization reaction From alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, alkoxides or organic heterocyclic bases, such as NaOH, KOH, K 2 CO 3 , NaOMe, DBU; or deprotection and cyclization reactions can be used in Pd/C
  • the alkaline hydrogenolysis conditions under the catalyst conditions allow the removal of the benzyl protecting group and the cyclization reaction simultaneously, and the cyclized product is directly obtained.
  • the sulfonyl halide used in the sulfonylation reaction may be an arylsulfonyl chloride or a substituted arylsulfonyl chloride or an alkane.
  • Sulfonyl chloride for example p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride, p-halobenzenesulfonyl chloride, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, o-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride or methanesulfonyl chloride; no catalyst or acylation may be used in the reaction.
  • the catalyst used may be a dialkyl tin oxide compound, DMAP, such as dibutyltin oxide and 2,2-dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxazacyclopentane; used in the reaction
  • the base may be a commonly used organic base such as pyridine, an organic tertiary amine such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, Pyridine, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of any two or more thereof, and the reaction temperature is -5 to 50 °C.
  • the amine-alkylation reaction is carried out by reacting the benzylamine with the corresponding sulfonate, the reaction solvent being an organic aprotic solvent, For example, dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of any two or more thereof, and the reaction temperature is -25 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • the base used in the cross-coupling reaction may be selected from inorganic bases such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Or an organic tertiary amine such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine, the reaction solvent is an organic protic solvent such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or an organic polar aprotic solvent such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone. , toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, or a mixture of any two or more of the above solvents, and the reaction temperature is -25 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • inorganic bases such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Or an organic tertiary amine such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine
  • the reaction solvent is an organic protic solvent such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or an organic polar aprotic
  • the catalyst used in the deprotection reaction is a Pd catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 And PdCl 2 , Pd
  • the reaction solvent is an alcohol, an ester or an ether, or a mixture of any two or more of the above solvents, such as methanol or ethanol.
  • the step of converting the intermediate XIIIa or the intermediate XIIIb to its hydrochloride salt is carried out by adding hydrochloric acid, for example 1N hydrochloric acid, to the intermediate compound, crystallization and filtration to give the hydrochloride salt.
  • hydrochloric acid for example 1N hydrochloric acid
  • the hydroxy protecting group can be removed by methods commonly used in the field of organic chemistry, for example hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst.
  • the reaction removes the benzyl protecting group and then adds the base ring;
  • the catalyst used in the hydrogenolysis reaction is a Pd catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd;
  • the base used in the reaction is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, alkoxides or organic heterocyclic bases such as NaOH, KOH, K 2 CO 3 , NaOMe, DBU; or deprotection and cyclization reactions.
  • the benzyl protecting group and the cyclization reaction are simultaneously carried out by using the alkaline hydrogenolysis conditions under the condition that the Pd/C is a catalyst, and the cyclization product is directly obtained;
  • the sulfonyl halide used in the sulfonylation reaction may be an arylsulfonyl chloride or a substituted arylsulfonyl chloride or an alkylsulfonyl chloride such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or benzenesulfonate.
  • the catalyst used in the reaction may be a dialkyl tin oxide compound, DMAP, such as dibutyl oxidation Tin and 2,2-dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxatine
  • the base used in the reaction may be a common organic base such as pyridine, an organic tertiary amine such as triethylamine or Isopropylethylamine
  • the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or any two or more thereof mixture;
  • step 6') or step 6" the amine-alkylation is carried out by reacting benzylamine with the corresponding sulfonate, and the reaction solvent is an organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, Pyridine, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
  • organic aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, Pyridine, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMF, DMA or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
  • the base used in the cross-coupling reaction may be selected from an inorganic base such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , or an organic tertiary amine such as triethylamine or diiso.
  • the reaction solvent is an organic protic solvent such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or an organic polar aprotic solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, or a mixture of any two or more of the above solvents;
  • the catalyst used in the deprotection reaction is a Pd catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd, and the reaction solvent is an alcohol or an ester. Or an ether, or a mixture of any two or more of the above solvents, such as methanol or ethanol.
  • the step of converting the intermediate XIIIa or the intermediate XIIIb to its hydrochloride salt is carried out by adding hydrochloric acid, for example 1N hydrochloric acid, to the intermediate compound, crystallization and filtration to give the hydrochloride salt.
  • hydrochloric acid for example 1N hydrochloric acid
  • the reaction product obtained in any of the steps can be used as a starting material for direct subsequent reaction to produce a compound of Formula Ia or Formula Ib.
  • a compound of the formula IXa and the formula XIIa can be used as a starting material and the steps 7') to 8') described above can be carried out, thereby obtaining the right-handed nebitropol of the formula Ia.
  • a compound of the formula IXb and the formula XIIb can be used as a starting material and the steps 7") to 8") described can be carried out to obtain the levofloxacin of the formula Ib.
  • the present invention also provides a mixture of dextroprofenol (Formula Ia) and levofloxacin (Formula Ib) in any ratio,
  • dextrorotatory nebivolol (formula Ia) and levorotatory nebivolol (formula Ib) were prepared as described above, respectively.
  • the invention also provides a preparation of any ratio of dextroprofenol (Formula Ia) And a method of a mixture of L-Nexirol (Formula Ib), the method comprising:
  • hydrochloride salt of the intermediate XIIIa and the hydrochloride salt of the intermediate XIIIb are respectively prepared according to the methods described in the above steps 3') to 7') and the steps 3") to 7"), and the two are optionally Mixing in proportion, neutralizing with a base, and then using the resulting mixture to carry out the deprotection step described in step 8'); or
  • the invention provides a compound of formula IV1'
  • R a is hydrogen or R a is a hydroxy protecting group
  • the protecting group is selected from an aralkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an allyl group or a silicon protecting group such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula IV2'
  • R b is hydrogen or R b is a hydroxy protecting group
  • the protecting group is selected from an aralkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an allyl group or a silicon protecting group such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of the formula V'(2R*, 3R*)
  • R c is hydrogen or R c is a hydroxy protecting group selected from an aralkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an allyl group or a silicon protecting group such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl,
  • compound V' is a racemate, the relative configuration of which is represented by V'(2R*, 3R*), which contains an equivalent amount of Va'(2R, 3R) and its enantiomer Vb' (2S, a racemic mixture of 3S), for example a compound of the formula wherein R c is benzyl:
  • the invention provides a compound of formula VI' (2R*, 3S*)
  • R d is hydrogen or R d is a hydroxy protecting group
  • the protecting group is selected from an aralkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an allyl group or a silicon protecting group such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl,
  • compound VI' is a racemate, the relative configuration of which is represented by VI' (2R*, 3S*), which contains an equivalent amount of VIa'(2R, 3S) and its enantiomer VIb' (2S, a racemic mixture of 3R), for example a compound of the formula wherein R d is benzyl:
  • the invention provides a compound of formula XI':
  • R' is a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl group or a C 5-10 aralkoxycarbonyl group, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, a phenoxy group. Carbonyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula XII':
  • R' is a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl group or a C 5-10 aralkoxycarbonyl group, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, a phenoxy group. Carbonyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula XVI':
  • R e is hydrogen or R e is a hydroxy protecting group
  • the protecting group is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, a benzoyl group, and a benzoyl group having a substituent on the benzene ring.
  • a silicon protecting group such as t-BuMe 2 Si, t-BuPh 2 Si, (i-Pr) 3 Si, Et 3 Si, methoxymethyl, benzyl or -CH 2 Ar, wherein Ar is unsubstituted or A substituted aryl group such as p-methoxyphenyl or halophenyl.
  • the invention also provides the following specific compounds for the synthesis of nebivolol, selected from:
  • the starting material 2-benzyloxy-5-fluorobenzyl alcohol used in this example can be referred to by the known compound 2-hydroxy-5-fluorobenzyl alcohol (Medicinal Chemistry letters, 2010, vol. 1, #7 p.321-325). Literature, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, vol. 14, #6 p. 2022–2031) Method Preparation.
  • the hydrogen gas was replaced with argon gas again. After the hydrogen gas was removed, the reaction solution was filtered through celite, washed with 100 mL of ethyl acetate, washed with water (3*20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness to give the product 3.15 g, yield 97%.
  • the product was recrystallized twice from ethanol to give 0.69 g of the oxalate salt of Compound XIII.
  • the above product was suspended in 20 ml of dichloromethane, 10 ml of 10% sodium carbonate was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes, and the organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated to dryness. g.
  • Post-treatment The reaction solution was poured into a freshly prepared FeSO 4 /tartaric acid/H 2 O solution (2.5 g of FeSO4 + 1.0 g of tartaric acid + 20 ml of H 2 O), stirred at room temperature for 1 h, filtered through Celite, and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with methylene chloride. EtOAc was evaporated.
  • Compound Vb was obtained by a similar method to Experimental Example 16 using Compound IV1 as a starting material and L-(+)-diisopropyl tartrate as a chiral inducer.
  • Compound XIa is a white solid, [ ⁇ ] D 20 ; +82.1 (CHCl 3 , c 0.56)
  • the organic layer was evaporated to dryness.
  • the novel method provided by the present invention has high stereoselectivity, and the preparation of key intermediates can avoid column chromatography separation, and the reaction conditions are mild, and no special reagent is needed.
  • the cost of preparing nebivolol by the method of the present invention is greatly reduced, and is very suitable for industrial production.
  • the purification of the intermediates of the intermediates III, IV1 and IV2 greatly improves the quality of the intermediates and products, so that the quality of the products is controllable, the yield is improved, and the production cost is significantly reduced.
  • the compounds of the formulae XIIIa and XIIIb are purified by salt-forming crystallization, which greatly improves the product quality and enables the purity of the final product to be 99.9% or more.

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Abstract

本发明涉及奈必洛尔的合成方法及其中间体化合物。具体而言,涉及用于合成奈必洛尔的方法、其中间体化合物以及制备所述中间体化合物的方法。

Description

奈必洛尔的合成方法及其中间体化合物 技术领域
本发明涉及药物的合成方法及其中间体化合物,具体而言,涉及用于合成奈必洛尔的方法、其中间体化合物以及制备所述中间体化合物的方法。
背景技术
盐酸奈必洛尔,化学名为(+/-)-双[2-(6-氟苯并二氢吡喃-2-基)-2-羟基乙基]胺(式I)盐酸盐,是由Johnson公司开发的一种兼有血管扩张作用的高选择性第三代β受体阻滞剂,主要用于治疗轻至中度高血压、心绞痛和充血性心力衰竭。临床上应用的盐酸奈必洛尔是等量的右旋异构体(结构式Ia)和左旋异构体(结构式Ib)的混合物,即其外消旋体(式I)。盐酸奈必洛尔的β受体阻滞作用主要来自右旋异构体,但其他作用依赖于左旋异构体和右旋异构体的共同存在。
奈必洛尔的相对构型如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000001
其中I(S*R*R*R*)表示外消旋体,是由等摩尔的构型如下所示的右旋奈必洛尔Ia(SRRR)及其对映体左旋奈必洛尔Ib(RSSS)组成的外消旋混合物;
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000002
奈必洛尔的左旋异构体和右旋异构体都具有重要的生物活性,左旋异构体具有内皮细胞依赖性血管扩张作用,而右旋异构体有强的β1受体阻滞作用。目前临床上应用的是左旋和右旋异构体的混合物,使两种异构体的 活性相互协同,保证了奈必洛尔具备除上述β受体阻滞剂以外独特的优势:通过增强NO的释放选择性拮抗β1受体进而使血管舒张。不影响β2受体,不会引起支气管平滑肌和血管平滑肌收缩。因此,鉴于奈必洛尔的重要的药理学价值,开发一种高效、低廉、符合产业化要求的制备奈必洛尔及其光学异构体的方法将具有较大的经济效益和社会效益。
奈必洛尔分子结构中含有四个手性碳原子,其标记如下面所示,其中异构体S*R*R*R*是临床上应用的奈必洛尔,它表示为含有等量绝对构型为SRRR(右旋体)和RSSS(左旋体)对映异构体的外消旋混合物。
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000003
奈必洛尔的结构特点是有一定的对称性,分子中左右两侧各具有一个构型不同的(6-氟-苯并吡喃基)乙烷-2-醇结构单元,左侧(A部分)的羟基与吡喃环上的氧为顺式,右侧的(B部分)为反式,中间通过氮原子连接。
在现有技术的文献中,奈必洛尔的合成基本都是利用其分子的对称性,将A、B部分分别合成,然后与苄胺进行偶联,经分离纯化和脱保护实现。
具体而言,现有的奈必洛尔的制备方法主要包括以下几种:
一、采用外消旋中间体为原料,分别构建具有奈必洛尔分子中左右两侧相对构型的片段,然后经交叉偶联制备;
利用该方法的关键在于如何制备具有所需构型的高非对映异构纯度的A、B两个片段,否则经偶联反应后将得到含有上述十个异构体的混合物。
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000004
将具有A、B所需相对构型的两个片段经偶联得到的中间体含有两对非对映异构体,需要通过重结晶分离获得所需构型的中间体:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000005
杨森(Janssen)的专利EP145067公开了下述合成方法,该方法的特点是:色满醛与碘代三甲基氧硫盐在氢钠作用下得到一对不等量的非对映异构体MA(S*R*)和MB(R*R*)环氧化中间体,环氧中间体MA(S*R*)和MB(R*R*)经层析分离后可做为合成奈必洛尔的关键中间体,然后与苄胺进行交叉偶联反应得到SRRR/RSSS和SRSS/RSRR的混合物,反应如下:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000006
然后经多次分步重结晶分离,氢解脱保护得到S*R*R*R*-奈必洛尔,如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000007
上述制备方法虽是目前工业上普遍采用的方法,但该方法的主要问题是关键中间体需要经色谱柱层析分离,应用于规模化生产成本高,另外从不稳定的色满醛制备环氧化物的反应条件苛刻,收率较低且试剂昂贵。
二、专利WO2007/009143(CN101243062)的氰化衍生物法
该法是用消旋色满醛与亚硫酸氢钠和氰化钠反应得到腈醇中间体,然后经柱层析分离可得到一对顺式和反式腈醇的非对映异构体,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000008
将顺式-腈醇中间体经乙酰化后催化氢化转化为相应的醛,再经水解得到相应的羟醛中间体。
然后将反式-腈醇中间体经催化氢化相应的醇胺,再与苯甲酰氯反应得到酰胺,随后经还原得苄胺中间体,最后经与羟醛中间体缩合得到一对非对映异构体(四个异构体)的奈必洛尔粗品,然后与盐酸成盐后经乙醇多次重结晶除去另一对异构体,得到外消旋的奈必洛尔。
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000009
该方法的问题与前面的方法类似,反应条件苛刻,关键中间体的分离需经色谱柱层析分离,难以应用于大规模工业生产。
三、分别合成右旋奈必洛尔和左旋奈必洛尔,然后将等量的右旋体和左旋体混合得到外消旋奈必洛尔。关于奈必洛尔光学异构体的合成主要有以下方法:
专利EP0334429和US6545040将色满酸拆分后得到相应的S-色满酸和R-色满酸,经下列步骤合成左旋奈必洛尔;
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000010
上述方法仍然是杨森(Janssen)专利EP145067的衍生方法,虽然采用了经手性拆分后得到的光学纯的色满酸,但随后利用碘代三甲基氧硫盐在氢钠作用生成环氧中间体的一步仍产生不等量的两个非对映异构体,同样需用色谱柱层析分离才能获得光学纯的两个环氧中间体。
文献(Tetrahedron,56,6339-6344,2000)及文献(Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry,28,511-514,2008)先后报道了以1-(6-氟-苯并吡喃基)乙烷-1,2-二醇为关键中间体的合成,利用Sharpless不对称环氧化反应的合成方法,其合成路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000011
但这些方法合成路线长,中间体均为油状物,分离纯化需要经柱层析,且试剂较贵,难以工业化生产。
另外,还需要下列多步反应将中间体1-[6-氟-(2S)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R)-1,2-二醇转化为1-[6-氟-(2R)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R)-1,2-二醇才能得到所需构型的SRRR-奈必洛尔:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000012
专利CN1834093A及CN1978442以丙酮缩甘油醛为原料的合成:D-丙酮缩甘油醛与5-氟-2-羟基苯乙酮经Kabbe缩合反应并经柱层析分离得 到两个色满二醇(S,R)和(R,R)异构体
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000013
将两个色满二醇(S,R)和(R,R)异构体分别与对甲苯磺酰氯选择性磺酰化,进而胺化可得到光学活性的右旋SRRR-奈必洛尔。
总之,根据迄今为止的现有技术文献,可发现奈必洛尔的合成仍然存在着较多的技术缺陷。例如,杨森(Janssen)的方法虽然合成路线较短,但需要通过制备性HPLC来分离两种非对映异构的环氧中间体,而其它的方法则通常面临着更多的合成步骤和异构体的分离问题。因此,需要开发一 种高效、低廉、符合产业化要求的制备奈必洛尔及其光学异构体的新方法。
发明内容
在本发明中,下列术语具有以下所述的含义:
单独或与其他基团组合的术语“烷基”表示由碳和氢原子组成的直链或支链的单价饱和烃基团。“C1-6烷基”表示具有1至6个碳原子的支链或直链烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正己基。
单独或与其他基团组合的术语“亚烷基”表示由碳和氢原子组成的直链或支链的二价饱和烃基团。“C1-6亚烷基”表示具有1至6个碳原子的支链或直链亚烷基,例如亚甲基、亚乙基等。
单独或与其他基团组合的术语“烷氧基”表示基团RA-O-,其中RA是如上所述的烷基。“C1-6烷氧基”表示基团RA-O-,其中RA是如上所述的C1-6烷基。
“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
“卤代烷基”表示被一个或多个卤素取代的如上所定义的烷基,例如三氟甲基。
“硝基”是指-NO2
“芳基”是指含有碳原子的单环或稠合双环的芳香环。“C5-10芳基”是指含有5-10个碳原子的芳基。例如,C5-10芳基可以是苯基或萘基。
“取代的芳基”是指被如上所述的烷基、烷氧基、卤素、卤代烷基以及硝基取代的芳基。
“芳烷基”是指被如上所述的芳基取代的如上所述的烷基。
“取代的芳烷基”是指被如上所述的烷基、烷氧基、卤素、卤代烷基以及硝基取代的芳烷基。
“芳烷氧基”是指被如上所述的芳基取代的如上所述的烷氧基。
“取代的芳烷氧基”是指被如上所述的烷基、烷氧基、卤素、卤代烷基取代的芳烷氧基。
一方面,本发明提供了式III化合物的制备方法
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000014
其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、烯丙基、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
该方法包括以下步骤:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000015
步骤a):将式XIV的化合物,其中R为如上所述的羟基保护基,X为卤素,经与3-三取代的硅基-丙-2-炔-1-锂反应得到式XV的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3各自独立地选自烷基或芳基,例如甲基、叔丁基或苯基;
步骤b):将式XV的化合物脱除炔基末端的硅保护基得到式XVI的化合物,其中R的定义同上;
步骤c):将式XVI的化合物在碱或有机金属试剂存在下与多聚甲醛反应得到式III的化合物,其中R的定义同上;以及
任选的步骤d):向步骤c)所得的式III化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式III化合物的固体。
在一个优选的实施方案中,步骤a的反应在有机非质子性溶剂中进行,例如甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚或甲苯,反应温度为-100℃至60℃。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,步骤b的反应在碱、酸或含氟盐存在下,优选在碱存在下进行,所述的碱选自碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐,例如NaOH、KOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3,反应所用溶剂选自质子性溶剂,例如水、甲醇、乙醇或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-100℃至80℃。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,步骤c中所述的碱选自金属氢化物或有机碱,例如NaNH2或KNH2,所述的有机金属试剂选自BuLi、t-BuLi、s-BuLi、LDA或格氏试剂,例如MeMgX、EtMgX、BuMgX、i-PrMgX,其中X为Br、I或Cl,所用的反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-100℃至100℃。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,步骤d中所述有机溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如正庚烷、正己烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
在一个更优选的实施方案中,步骤a的反应在有机非质子性溶剂中进行,例如甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚或甲苯;
步骤b的反应在碱、酸或含氟盐存在下,优选在碱存在下进行,所述的碱选自碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐,例如NaOH、KOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3,反应所用溶剂选自质子性溶剂,例如水、甲醇、乙醇或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;和
步骤c中所述的碱选自金属氢化物或有机碱,例如NaNH2或KNH2,所述的有机金属试剂选自BuLi、t-BuLi、s-BuLi、LDA或格氏试剂,例如MeMgX、EtMgX、BuMgX、i-PrMgX,其中X为Br、I或Cl,所用的反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧 六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
本领域技术人员可以理解,在以上的合成式III化合物的方法中,可以采用步骤a)至c)或d)中任何一步所得的反应产物作为原料直接进行随后的反应来制备化合物III。例如,可以采用式(XV)的化合物作为原料并进行如上所述的步骤b)至c)或d)来制备化合物III,或采用式(XVI)的化合物作为原料并进行如上所述的步骤c)或d)来制备化合物III。
另一方面,本发明提供了式III的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000016
其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、烯丙基、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000017
其中I(S*R*R*R*)表示外消旋体,其是由等摩尔的构型如下所示的右旋奈必洛尔Ia(SRRR)及其对映体左旋奈必洛尔Ib(RSSS)组成的外消旋混合物;
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000018
该方法包括下列步骤:
1)将化合物III经金属复合氢化物还原得到式IV1的反式化合物;
以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV1化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV1化合物的固体,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000019
其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
2)将化合物III经选择性催化氢化还原得到式IV2的顺式化合物;
以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV2化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV2化合物的固体,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000020
其中R为上述1)中所定义,
3)将反式化合物IV1和顺式化合物IV2分别在环氧化试剂作用下环氧 化得到环氧中间体V和VI,其中R如上文所定义,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000021
其中化合物V是外消旋体,为含等量的结构式为Va和其对映异构体Vb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用V(2R*,3R*)表示
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000022
其中化合物VI是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIa和其对映异构体VIb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用VI(2R*,3S*)表示
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000023
4)将化合物V和VI分别脱保护、环合得到中间体化合物VII(S*/R*)和VIII(R*/R*),其中R如上文所定义,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000024
其中VII(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIa(S/R)和其对映异构体VIIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000026
其中VIII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIIa(R/R)和其对映异构体VIIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000027
5)将化合物VII和VIII分别与式M-SO2X的磺酰卤化物(其中M是烷基或取代或未取代的芳基,X为卤素)在催化剂及碱存在下磺酰化,得到化合物IX(S*/R*)和X(R*/R*),
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000028
其中IX(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式IXa(S/R)和其对映异构体IXb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000029
其中X(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式Xa(R/R)和其对映异构体Xb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000030
6)将化合物IX或X与苄胺进行胺-烷基化反应,得到相应的化合物XI或XII;
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000031
其中XI(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIa(S/R)和其对映异构体XIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000032
其中XII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIIa(R/R)和其对映异构体XIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000033
7)将中间体IX(S*/R*)和XII(R*/R*)或中间体X(R*/R*)和XI(S*/R*)在碱性条件下进行交叉偶联反应,得到化合物XIII(S*R*R*R*)和XIII’(S*R*S*S*),其中R”的定义同上文的M定义,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000035
其中XIII(S*R*R*R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIIIa(SRRR)和其对映异构体XIIIb(RSSS)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000036
XIII’(S*R*S*S*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIII’a(SRSS)和其对映异构体XIII’b(RSRR)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000037
8)将含有化合物XIII和XIII’的混合物成盐重结晶纯化除去异构体XIII’(S*R*S*S*)得到中间体XIII(S*R*R*R*),
9)将中间体XIII(S*R*R*R*)脱保护得到式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000038
其中I(S*R*R*R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式Ia(SRRR)和其对映异构 体Ib(RSSS)的外消旋混合物。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤1)中所使用的金属复合氢化物还原剂为LiAlH4或二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-100℃至60℃。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤2)中,选择性催化氢化还原所使用的催化剂选自Lindlar催化剂或P-2型硼化镍/乙二胺催化剂。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤3)中,将反式化合物IV1和顺式化合物IV2进行环氧化的反应可以采用本领域通常使用的环氧化方法,例如,可以使用的环氧化试剂选自有机过氧酸例如MCPBA、三氟过氧乙酸、二甲基过氧化酮(DMDO)、过氧化氢与乙酸的混合物及VO(acac)2与过氧叔丁醇的混合物,以及催化量的甲基三氧化铼(MTO)存在下的吡啶-H2O2体系,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-50℃至50℃。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤4)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应在碱性条件下采用Pd/C为催化剂进行氢解,使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤5)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中可以不使用催化剂或使用适量的酰化催化剂,催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有 机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-50℃至50℃。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤6)中,胺-烷基化反应以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,所使用的苄胺与相应的磺酸酯底物的投料摩尔比为1/1至10/1,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-25℃至150℃。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤7)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-25℃至150℃。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤9)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C,Pd(OH)2,Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2,Pd;反应溶剂为醇或酯或醚,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
在一个优选的实施方案中,在步骤1)中所使用的金属复合氢化物还原剂为LiAlH4或二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤2)中,选择性催化氢化还原所使用的催化剂选自Lindlar催化剂或P-2型硼化镍/乙二胺催化剂;
在步骤3)中,将反式化合物IV1和顺式化合物IV2进行环氧化的反应可以采用本领域通常使用的环氧化方法,例如,可以使用的环氧化试剂选自有机过氧酸例如MCPBA、三氟过氧乙酸、二甲基过氧化酮(DMDO)、过氧化氢与乙酸的混合物及VO(acac)2与过氧叔丁醇的混合物,以及催化量的甲基三氧化铼(MTO)存在下的吡啶-H2O2体系,反应溶剂为有机非质 子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤4)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2,Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2,Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应在碱性条件下采用Pd/C为催化剂进行氢解,使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物;
在步骤5)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯或邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中可以不使用催化剂或使用适量的酰化催化剂,催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤6)中,胺-烷基化以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤7)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物;和
在步骤9)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2,Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd,反应溶剂为醇、酯或醚,或上述溶剂的 任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
本领域技术人员可以理解,在以上的合成式I化合物的方法中,可以采用步骤1)至9)中任何一步所得的反应产物作为原料直接进行随后的反应来制备式I化合物,例如,可采用式IV1和式IV2的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤2)至9),从而得到式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔。或者,可采用用式IX和式XII的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤7)至9),从而得到式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔。
在另一方面,本发明提供了制备式IV1化合物的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000039
其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
该方法包括以下步骤:
将化合物III经金属复合氢化物还原得到式IV1的化合物,以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV1化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV1化合物的固体,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000040
其中R如上文所定义。
在优选的实施方案中,上述方法中所使用的金属复合氢化物还原剂为LiAlH4或二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂, 例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
在另一方面,本发明提供了制备式IV2化合物的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000041
其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
该方法包括以下步骤:
将化合物III经选择性催化氢化还原得到式IV2的顺式化合物,以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV2化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV2化合物的固体,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000042
其中R如上文所定义。
在优选的实施方案中,上述方法中选择性催化氢化还原所使用的催化剂选自林德拉(Lindlar)催化剂或P-2型硼化镍/乙二胺催化剂。
在另一方面,本发明提供了制备式VII(S*/R*)化合物的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000043
其中VII(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIa(S/R)和其对映异构体 VIIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000044
该方法包括以下步骤:
3)将反式化合物IV1
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000045
在环氧化试剂作用下环氧化得到环氧中间体V,其中R为羟基保护基,其选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,但在下式中R显示为以苄基(Bn)为例,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000046
其中化合物V是外消旋体,为含等量的结构式为Va和其对映异构体Vb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用V(2R*,3R*)表示
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000047
4)将化合物V(2R*,3R*)脱保护、环合得到中间体化合物VII(S*/R*),其中R如上文所定义,但在下式中R显示为以苄基(Bn)为例,
其中VII(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIa(S/R)和其对映异构体VIIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000049
在优选的实施方案中,步骤3)和4)的反应条件、溶剂等如上文所述。
在另一方面,本发明提供了制备式VIII(R*/R*)化合物的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000050
其中VIII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIIa(R/R)和其对映异构体VIIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000051
该方法包括以下步骤:
3)将顺式化合物IV2
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000052
在环氧化试剂作用下环氧化得到环氧中间体V,其中R为羟基保护基,其选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,但在下 式中R显示为以苄基(Bn)为例,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000053
其中化合物VI是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIa和其对映异构体VIb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用VI(2R*,3S*)表示
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000054
4)将化合物VI(2R*,3S*)脱保护、环合得到中间体化合物VIII(R*/R*),其中R如上文所定义,但在下式中R显示为以苄基(Bn)为例,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000055
其中VIII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIIa(R/R)和其对映异构体VIIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000056
在优选的实施方案中,步骤3)和4)的反应条件、溶剂等如上文所述。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000057
其中I(S*R*R*R*)表示外消旋体,其是由等摩尔的构型如下所示的右旋奈必洛尔Ia(SRRR)及其对映体左旋奈必洛尔Ib(RSSS)组成的外消旋混合物;
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000058
该方法包括下列步骤a)到c)或d)和步骤1)到9):
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000059
步骤a):将式XIV的化合物与3-三取代的硅基-丙-2-炔-1-锂反应得到式XV的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3各自独立地选自烷基或芳基,例如甲基、叔丁基或苯基;R为羟基保护基,其选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,X为卤素;
步骤b):将式XV的化合物脱除炔基末端的硅保护基得到式XVI的化合物,其中R的定义同上;
步骤c):将式XVI的化合物在碱或有机金属试剂存在下与多聚甲醛反应得到式III的化合物,其中R的定义同上;;以及
任选的步骤d):向步骤c)所得的式III化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式III化合物的固体
步骤1):将化合物III经金属复合氢化物还原得到式IV1的反式化合物,以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV1化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV1化合物的固体,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000060
其中R如上文所定义,
步骤2):将化合物III经选择性催化氢化还原得到式IV2的顺式化合物,以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV2化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV2化合物的固体,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000061
其中R如上文所定义,
步骤3):将反式化合物IV1和顺式化合物IV2分别在环氧化试剂作用下环氧化得到环氧中间体V和VI,其中R如上文所定义,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000062
其中化合物V是外消旋体,为含等量的结构式为Va和其对映异构体Vb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用V(2R*,3R*)表示
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000063
其中化合物VI是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIa和其对映异构体VIb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用VI(2R*,3S*)表示
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000064
步骤4):将化合物V和VI分别脱保护、环合得到中间体化合物VII(S*/R*)和VIII(R*/R*),其中R如上文所定义,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000065
其中VII(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIa(S/R)和其对映异构体VIIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000066
其中VIII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIIa(R/R)和其对映异构 体VIIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000067
步骤5):将化合物VII和VIII分别与式M-SO2X的磺酰卤化物(其中M是烷基或取代或未取代的芳基,X为卤素)在催化剂及碱存在下磺酰化,得到化合物IX(S*/R*)和X(R*/R*),
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000068
其中IX(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式IXa(S/R)和其对映异构体IXb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000069
其中X(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式Xa(R/R)和其对映异构体Xb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000070
步骤6):将化合物IX或X与苄胺进行胺-烷基化反应,得到相应的化合物XI或XII;
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000071
其中XI(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIa(S/R)和其对映异构体XIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000072
其中XII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIIa(R/R)和其对映异构体XIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000073
步骤7):将中间体IX(S*/R*)和XII(R*/R*)或中间体X(R*/R*)和XI(S*/R*)在碱性条件下进行交叉偶联反应,得到化合物XIII(S*R*R*R*)和XIII’(S*R*S*S*),其中R”的定义同上文的M定义,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000074
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000075
其中XIII(S*R*R*R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIIIa(SRRR)和其对映异构体XIIIb(RSSS)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000076
XIII’(S*R*S*S*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIII’a(SRSS)和其对映异构体XIII’b(RSRR)的外消旋混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000077
步骤8):将含有化合物XIII和XIII’的混合物成盐重结晶纯化除去异构体XIII’(S*R*S*S*)得到中间体XIII(S*R*R*R*),
步骤9):将中间体XIII脱保护得到式I的外消旋奈必洛尔
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000078
其中I(S*R*R*R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式Ia(SRRR)和其对映异构体Ib(RSSS)的外消旋混合物。
对于制备式I化合物的该方法,步骤a)到c)和步骤1)到9)中的反应条件、溶剂和所用试剂等如上文所述。
在一个更优选的实施方案中,在步骤a)中,反应在有机非质子性溶剂中进行,例如甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚或甲苯;
在步骤b)中,反应在碱、酸或含氟盐存在下,优选在碱存在下进行,所述的碱选自碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐,例如NaOH、KOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3,反应所用溶剂选自质子性溶剂,例如水、甲醇、乙醇或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤c)中,所述的碱选自金属氢化物或有机碱,例如NaNH2或KNH2,所述的有机金属试剂选自BuLi、t-BuLi、s-BuLi、LDA或格氏试剂,例如MeMgX、EtMgX、BuMgX、i-PrMgX,其中X为Br、I或Cl,所用的反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤1)中,所使用的金属复合氢化物还原剂为LiAlH4或二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤2)中,选择性催化氢化还原所使用的催化剂选自林德拉(Lindlar)催化剂或P-2型硼化镍/乙二胺催化剂;
在步骤3)中,将反式化合物IV1和顺式化合物IV2进行环氧化的反应可以采用本领域通常使用的环氧化方法,例如,可以使用的环氧化试剂选自有机过氧酸例如MCPBA、三氟过氧乙酸、二甲基过氧化酮(DMDO)、过氧化氢与乙酸的混合物及VO(acac)2与过氧叔丁醇的混合物,以及催化量的甲基三氧化铼(MTO)存在下的吡啶-H2O2体系,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤4)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护 和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物;
在步骤5)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中可以不使用催化剂或使用适量的酰化催化剂,催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤6)中,胺-烷基化以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤7)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物;和
在步骤9)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd,反应溶剂为醇、酯或醚,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
本领域技术人员可以理解,在以上的合成式I化合物的方法中,可以采用步骤a)至9)中任何一步所得的反应产物作为原料直接进行随后的反应来制备式I化合物。例如,可采用式XV的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤b)至9),或者用式XVI的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤c)至9),从而得到式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000079
该方法包括下列步骤:
3’)将化合物IV1和IV2分别进行不对称环氧化反应得到化合物Va和VIa,其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基;
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000080
4’)将中间体Va和VIa分别脱保护、环合得到中间体VIIa和VIIIa,其中R如上文所定义,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000081
5’)将中间体VIIa和VIIIa分别与式M-SO2X的磺酰卤化物(其中M是烷基或取代或未取代的芳基,X为卤素)在催化剂及碱存在下磺酰化,得到中间体IXa和Xa
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000082
6’)将中间体IXa或中间体Xa与苄胺进行胺-烷基化反应,得到相应的化合物XIa或XIIa;
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000083
7’)将中间体IXa和XIIa或中间体Xa和XIa在碱性条件下进行交叉偶联反应,得到中间体XIIIa,其中Ar’的定义与上文的M定义相同,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000084
以及任选地将中间体XIIIa转化为其盐酸盐,
8’)将中间体XIIIa脱保护得到右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000085
或者,将中间体XIIIa的盐酸盐通过碱中和而转化为游离的中间体XIIIa,然后脱保护得到右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000086
该方法包括下列步骤:
3”)将化合物IV1和IV2分别进行不对称环氧化反应得到化合物Vb和VIb,其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000087
4”)将中间体Vb和VIb分别脱保护、环合得到中间体VIIb和VIIIb,其中R如上文所定义,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000088
5”)将中间体VIIb和VIIIb分别与式M-SO2X的磺酰卤化物(其中M是烷基或取代或未取代的芳基,X为卤素)在催化剂及碱存在下磺酰化,得到中间体IXb和Xb,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000089
6”)将中间体IXb或中间体Xb与苄胺进行胺-烷基化反应,得到中间体XIb或XIIb
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000090
7”)将中间体IXb和XIIb或中间体Xb和XIb在碱性条件下进行交叉偶联反应,得到中间体XIIIb,其中Ar’的定义与上文的M定义相同,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000091
以及任选地将中间体XIIIb转化为其盐酸盐,
8”)将中间体XIIIb脱保护得左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000092
或者,将中间体XIIIb的盐酸盐通过碱中和而转化为游离的中间体XIIIb,然后脱保护得到左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)。
在制备式Ia化合物的一个实施方案中,步骤3’)中使用Sharpless不对称环氧化反应,该反应采用的手性催化剂为D-(-)-酒石酸二乙酯或D-(-)-酒石酸二异丙酯,反应试剂为四异丙基氧钛、过氧叔丁醇或过氧化氢异丙苯,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷,在反应体系加入3A或4A分子筛,反应温度为-45℃至50℃。
在制备式Ib化合物的一个实施方案中,步骤3”)中使用Sharpless不对称环氧化反应,该反应采用的手性催化剂为L-(+)-酒石酸二乙酯或L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯,反应试剂为四异丙基氧钛、过氧叔丁醇或过氧化氢异丙苯,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷,在反应体系加入3A或4A分子筛,反应温度为-45℃至50℃。
在制备式Ia或式Ib化合物的方法中,在步骤4’)或步骤4”)中可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机杂环碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物。
在制备式Ia或式Ib化合物的方法中,在步骤5’)或步骤5”)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中可以不使用催化剂或使用酰化催化剂,使用的催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-5至50℃。
在制备式Ia或式Ib化合物的方法中,在步骤6’)或步骤6”)中,胺-烷基化反应以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温度为-25℃至150℃。
在制备式Ia或式Ib化合物的方法中,在步骤7’)或步骤7”)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,反应温 度为-25℃至150℃。
在制备式Ia或式Ib化合物的方法中,在步骤8’)或步骤8”)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd,反应溶剂为醇、酯或醚,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
在一项实施方案中,所述中间体XIIIa或中间体XIIIb转化为其盐酸盐的步骤是通过向中间体化合物中加入盐酸,例如1N盐酸,结晶,过滤后得到盐酸盐固体。
在制备式Ia或式Ib化合物的方法的优选实施方案中,在步骤4’)或步骤4”)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机杂环碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物;
在步骤5’)或步骤5”)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中使用的催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤6’)或步骤6”)中,胺-烷基化以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤7’)或步骤7”)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
在步骤8’)或步骤8”)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd,反应溶剂为醇、酯或醚,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
在一项实施方案中,所述中间体XIIIa或中间体XIIIb转化为其盐酸盐的步骤是通过向中间体化合物中加入盐酸,例如1N盐酸,结晶,过滤后得到盐酸盐固体。
本领域技术人员可以理解,在以上的合成式Ia或式Ib化合物的方法中,可以采用所述步骤中任何一步所得的反应产物作为原料直接进行随后的反应来制备式Ia或式Ib化合物。例如,可采用式IXa和式XIIa的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤7’)至8’),从而得到式Ia的右旋奈必洛尔。或者,可采用用式IXb和式XIIb的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤7”)至8”),从而得到式Ib的左旋奈必洛尔。
另一方面,本发明还提供了任意比例的右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)和左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)的混合物,
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000093
其中右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)和左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)分别按照上文所述的方法制备。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种制备任意比例的右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia) 和左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)的混合物的方法,该方法包括:
(1)按照上述步骤3’)至8’)和步骤3”)至8”)所述的方法分别制备右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)和左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib),并将二者以任意比例混合;或者
(2)按照上述步骤3’)至7’)和步骤3”)至7”)所述的方法分别制备中间体XIIIa的盐酸盐和中间体XIIIb的盐酸盐,并将二者以任意比例混合,通过碱中和,然后使用所得混合物进行步骤8’)所述的脱保护步骤;或者
(3)按照上述步骤3’)至7’)和步骤3”)至7”)所述的方法分别制备中间体XIIIa的盐酸盐和中间体XIIIb的盐酸盐,并将二者分别通过碱中和而得到游离的中间体XIIIa和游离的中间体XIIIb,然后将这两种游离的中间体以任意比例混合,随后使用所得混合物进行步骤8’)所述的脱保护步骤。
另一方面,本发明提供了式IV1’的化合物
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000094
其中Ra为氢或者Ra为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基。
另一方面,本发明提供了式IV2’的化合物
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000095
其中Rb为氢或者Rb为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基。
另一方面,本发明提供了式V’(2R*,3R*)的化合物
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000096
其中Rc为氢或者Rc为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
其中化合物V’是外消旋体,其相对构型用V’(2R*,3R*)表示,为含等量的Va’(2R,3R)和其对映异构体Vb’(2S,3S)的外消旋混合物,例如下式的其中Rc为苄基的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000097
另一方面,本发明提供了式VI’(2R*,3S*)的化合物
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000098
其中Rd为氢或者Rd为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
其中化合物VI’是外消旋体,其相对构型用VI’(2R*,3S*)表示,为含等量的VIa’(2R,3S)和其对映异构体VIb’(2S,3R)的外消旋混合物,例如下式的其中Rd为苄基的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000099
另一方面,本发明提供了式XI’的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000100
其中R’是取代或未取代的芳烷基、C1-6烷氧基羰基或C5-10芳烷氧基羰基,例如取代或未取代的苄基、叔丁氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基。
另一方面,本发明提供了式XII’的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000101
其中R’是取代或未取代的芳烷基、C1-6烷氧基羰基或C5-10芳烷氧基羰基,例如取代或未取代的苄基、叔丁氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基。
另一方面,本发明提供了式XVI’的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000102
其中Re为氢或者Re为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、苯甲酰基、苯环上带有取代基的苯甲酰基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基。
在一个实施方案中,本发明还提供了用于合成奈必洛尔的以下的具体化合物,其选自:
1-苄氧基-2-溴甲基-4-氟苯,
4-[(2-苄氧基-5-氟苯基)-丁炔-1-基]三甲基硅烷,
1-(苄氧基)-2-(丁炔-3-基)-4-氟苯,
5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-炔-1-醇,
反式-5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-烯-1-醇,
(2R*,3R*)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
1-[6-氟-(2S*)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R*)-1,2-乙二醇,
顺式-5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-烯-1-醇,
(2R*,3S*)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
1-[6-氟-(2R*)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R*)-1,2-乙二醇,
(S*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
(R*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
(S*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
(R*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
(2R,3R)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
(2S,3S)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
(2R,3S)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
(2S,3R)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
1-[6-氟-(2S)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R)-1,2-乙二醇,
1-[6-氟-(2R)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1S)-1,2-乙二醇,
1-[6-氟-(2R)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R)-1,2-乙二醇,
1-[6-氟-(2S)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1S)-1,2-乙二醇,
(S,R)-(+)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
(R,R)-(-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
(R,S)-(-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
(S,S)-(+)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
(S,R)-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,或
(R,S)-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇。
具体实施方式
通过以下实施例对本发明的方法进行进一步的说明。应当理解,提供以下实施例的目的仅仅是为了能够更好的理解本发明,而不是以任何方式限定本发明的范围。
在本申请中使用的缩写具有如下含义。
缩写:
Boc         叔丁氧基羰基
DEAD        偶氮二甲酸二乙酯
DIPEA       二异丙基乙胺
DMF         二甲基甲酰胺
DMA         二甲基乙酰胺
EtOAc       乙酸乙酯
TBAF        四丁基氟化铵
THF         四氢呋喃
TLC         薄层色谱
t-Bu(Me)2Si 叔丁基二甲基硅基
TBS         叔丁基二甲基硅基
TBSCl       叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷
实施例1:1-苄氧基-2-溴甲基-4-氟苯(化合物XIV,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000103
该实施例所用的原料2-苄氧基-5-氟苯甲醇可由已知化合物2-羟基-5-氟苯甲醇(Medicinal Chemistry letters,2010,vol.1,#7 p.321–325的参考文献,Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry,2006,vol.14,#6 p.2022–2031)方法制备。
将5.14g(22mmol)2-苄氧基-5-氟苯甲醇溶于180mL无水乙醚溶解, 0℃下滴入PBr3(2.3mL,24.4mmol)的20mL无水乙醚溶液,升至室温反应2h,TLC显示反应完全。
后处理:50mL水加入,分液取有机层,水层用(50mL*3)DCM提取,合并有机相,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,水洗,饱和氯化钠洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得粗品6g,将所得产品重结晶(PE/Et2O),得结晶产品5.9g,总收率91.2%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33~7.47(m,5H),7.06~7.09(dd,J=7.6,2.8Hz,1H),6.91~6.96(m,1H),6.82~6.86(dd,J=8.8,4.4Hz,1H),5.11(s,2H),4.53(s,2H)
实施例2:4-[(2-苄氧基-5-氟苯基)-丁炔-1-基]三甲基硅烷(化合物XV,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000104
将2.4mL,16.1mmol三甲基硅基丙炔加入40mL无水THF中,冷却至-23℃,滴入2.5M n-BuLi 7.7mL(19.3mmol),加毕此温度下搅拌2h至反应液为橘红色,之后降至-100℃下,滴入3.5g(11.9mmol)化合物XIV(其中R为苄基)的5mL无水THF溶液,加毕,此温度下反应1h,TLC显示完全。
后处理:10%饱和氯化铵终止反应,分出几层,水层(100mL*2)乙醚提取,合并有机相,饱和氯化铵洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析(PE/Et2O=100:1)得纯品3.79g,收率97.6%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38~7.42(m,5H),6.93~6.96(dd,J=8.8,2.4Hz,1H),6.78~6.85(m,2H),5.05(s,2H),2.86~2.90(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.50~2.53(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.96(s,1H),0.15(s,9H)
实施例3:1-(苄氧基)-2-(丁炔-3-基)-4-氟苯(化合物XVI,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000105
将1.15g(3.52mmol)化合物XV(其中R为苄基)溶于20ml MeOH,加入0.5g(3.6mmol)K2CO3,室温搅拌反应3h,减压蒸除溶剂,残留物用EtOAc萃取,水洗,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4,干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干,得无色油状物0.87g。硅胶短柱过滤,PL/EtOAc(100/2)洗脱,得无色油状物0.85g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33~7.42(m,5H),6.93~6.96(dd,J=9.6,2.8Hz,1H),6.81~6.86(m,2H),5.05(s,2H),2.86~2.90(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.47~2.51(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.96(s,1H)
实施例4:5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-炔-1-醇(化合物III,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000106
将1.49g(5.6mmol)化合物XVI(其中R为苄基)溶于20ml THF,冷至-100℃,滴加2.9ml 2.4M BuLi(6.9mmol),加毕-100℃搅拌30min,升温至0℃,加入0.6g(20mmol)(CH2O)n,加毕0℃至室温搅拌反应2.5h,加饱和NH4Cl中止反应,分出有机层,水层用Et2O萃取两次,合并萃取液,水洗,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干,硅胶短柱纯化,石油醚/EtOAc(4/1)洗胶,得无色油状物1.51g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33~7.42(m,5H),6.93~6.96(dd,J=9.6,2.8Hz,1H),6.81~6.86(m,2H),5.05(s,2H),2.86~2.90(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.47~2.51(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.96(s,1H)
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H18O2F(M+H)+:285.1285,实测值285.1290.
实施例4’:5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-炔-1-醇(化合物III,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000107
将1.49g(5.6mmol)化合物XVI(其中R为苄基)溶于20ml THF,冷至-100℃,滴加2.9ml 2.4M BuLi(6.9mmol),加毕-100℃搅拌30min,升温至0℃,加入0.6g(20mmol)(CH2O)n,加毕0℃至室温搅拌反应2.5h,加饱和NH4Cl中止反应,分出有机层,水层用Et2O萃取两次,合并萃取液,水洗,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干,得到油状物。向油状物加入正己烷10ml,搅拌,冷至-20℃,结晶,过滤得到白色固体1.2g,纯度98%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33~7.42(m,5H),6.93~6.96(dd,J=9.6,2.8Hz,1H),6.81~6.86(m,2H),5.05(s,2H),2.86~2.90(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.47~2.51(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.96(s,1H)
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H18O2F(M+H)+:285.1285,实测值285.1290.
实施例5:反式-5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-烯-1-醇(化合物IV-1,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000108
将1.05g(3.6mmol)化合物III(其中R为苄基)溶于25ml THF中,冰浴冷却后,滴加2.1ml 3.4M(7.1mmol)Red-Al,加毕室温搅拌反应过夜(TLC显示产物的Rf值在PL/EtOA=4/1条件下与原料重合),次日小心滴加饱酒石酸钾钠(约20ml)中止反应,分出有机层,水层再用20ml x 2EtOAc萃取, 合并萃取液,1N HCl洗,水洗,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干,得产物1.0g(浅黄色油状物)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32~7.42(m,5H),6.85~6.87(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.81~6.83(m,2H),5.61~5.74(m,2H),5.04(s,2H),4.05~4.07(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.71~2.75(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.33~2.38(q,2H),1.39(s,2H).
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H20O2F(M+H)+:287.1448实测值287.1441.
实施例5’:反式-5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-烯-1-醇(化合物IV-1,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000109
将1.05g(3.6mmol)化合物III(其中R为苄基)溶于25ml THF中,冰浴冷却后,滴加2.1ml 3.4M(7.1mmol)Red-Al,加毕室温搅拌反应过夜(TLC显示产物的Rf值在PL/EtOA=4/1条件下与原料重合),次日小心滴加饱酒石酸钾钠(约20ml)中止反应,分出有机层,水层再用20ml x 2EtOAc萃取,合并萃取液,1N HCl洗,水洗,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干,,得到油状物。向油状物加入正己烷8ml,搅拌,冷至-20℃,结晶,过滤得到类白色固体0.7g,纯度99%,熔点:18-20℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32~7.42(m,5H),6.85~6.87(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.81~6.83(m,2H),5.61~5.74(m,2H),5.04(s,2H),4.05~4.07(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.71~2.75(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.33~2.38(q,2H),1.39(s,2H).
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H20O2F(M+H)+:287.1448实测值287.1441.
实施例6:(2R*,3R*)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷(化合物V,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000110
将1.06g(4mmol)化合物IV-1(其中R为苄基)溶于20ml DMC,搅拌下加入1.01g 75%MCPBA(4.4mmol),加毕室温搅拌反应4h,反应液用DMC稀释,依次用5%NaOH洗两次,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥。过滤,滤液蒸干,得浅黄色油状物1.08g(90%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32~7.41(m,5H),6.88~6.90(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.83~6.85(m,2H),5.04(s,2H),3.80~3.83(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),3.51~3.57(m,1H),2.97~2.99(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),2.75~2.85(m,3H),1.84~1.91(m,2H).
实施例7:1-[6-氟-(2S*)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R*)-1,2-乙二醇(化合物VII)的制备
方法一:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000111
1.08g化合物V(其中R为苄基)溶于20ml EtOAc溶解,加入0.2g 10%Pd/C,室温常压氢化过夜.过滤,滤液蒸干,得油状物0.85g,将其溶于20ml DMC中,冰浴冷却,加10ml 10%NaOH-NaCl溶液,冰浴搅拌30min,升至室温搅拌反应3h,分出有机层,水层再用10ml DMC萃取,合并萃取液,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,硅胶短柱纯化,PL/EtOAc(1/1)洗脱,得白色固体0.71g(95%)。
方法二:
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000112
将1.5g化合物V(其中R为苄基)加25ml无水乙醇,200mg 10%Pd/C和100mg无水Na2CO3,常压氢化反应至不吸氢(约1.5h)。然后于60℃加热搅拌2.5小时,过滤,滤液蒸干,得白色固体0.95g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.70~6.80(m,3H),3.99~4.02(dd,J=10.4,3.6Hz,1H),3.82~3.89(m,3H),2.75~2.85(m,2H),2.11~2.16(m,1H),1.82~1.90(m,1H)
HR-MS(EI)计算值C11H13O3F(M)+:计算值212.0849,实测值212.0851
实施例8:顺式-5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-烯-1-醇(化合物IV-2,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000113
250mL圆底瓶中装有(420mg,1.7mmol)Ni(OAc)2·4H2O,抽取真空,氩气流入并加入已排好空气的20mL 95%乙醇,搅拌氩气下加入(100mg,2.6mmol)硼氢化钠,搅拌15min,此时反应液为黑色,之后加入乙二胺(0.5ml,7.5mmol),搅拌5min后再加入排好空气的NaOH(2M,60μL,0.1mmol),将化合物III(其中R为苄基)(3.2g,11.3mmol)溶于10mL 95%乙醇中,滴入上述反应液,此后,将反应液中的氩气用氢气置换,室温反应18h,TLC显示反应完全。
后处理:将氢气再次用氩气置换,移除氢气后,将反应液用硅藻土过滤,100mL乙酸乙酯洗滤饼,(3*20mL)水洗涤,有机相无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干得产品3.15g,收率97%。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34~7.43(m,5H),6.80~6.86(m,3H),5.53~5.62(m,2H),5.04(s,2H),3.97~4.00(d,J=12Hz,2H),2.63~2.68(t,J=8Hz,2H),2.35~2.40(q,2H),1.27(bs,1H).
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H20O2F(M+H)+:287.1448实测值287.1441.
实施例8’:顺式-5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-烯-1-醇(化合物IV-2,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000114
250mL圆底瓶中装有(420mg,1.7mmol)Ni(OAc)2·4H2O,抽取真空,氩气流入并加入已排好空气的20mL 95%乙醇,搅拌氩气下加入(100mg,2.6mmol)硼氢化钠,搅拌15min,此时反应液为黑色,之后加入乙二胺(0.5ml,7.5mmol),搅拌5min后再加入排好空气的NaOH(2M,60μL,0.1mmol),将化合物III(其中R为苄基)(3.2g,11.3mmol)溶于10mL 95%乙醇中,滴入上述反应液,此后,将反应液中的氩气用氢气置换,室温反应18h,TLC显示反应完全。
后处理:将氢气再次用氩气置换,移除氢气后,将反应液用硅藻土过滤,100mL乙酸乙酯洗滤饼,(3*20mL)水洗涤,有机相无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干,得到油状物。向油状物加入正己烷30ml,搅拌,冷至-20℃,结晶,过滤得到类白色固体2.7g,纯度99%,熔点:32-34℃。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34~7.43(m,5H),6.80~6.86(m,3H),5.53~5.62(m,2H),5.04(s,2H),3.97~4.00(d,J=12Hz,2H),2.63~2.68(t,J=8Hz,2H),2.35~2.40(q,2H),1.27(bs,1H).
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H20O2F(M+H)+:287.1448实测值287.1441.
实施例9:(2R*,3S*)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷(化合物VI,其中R为苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000115
按实施例6类似的方法,以化合物IV-2(其中R为苄基)为原料可得化 合物VI。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34~7.41(m,5H),6.88~6.90(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.84~6.86(m,2H),5.03(s,2H),3.48~3.56(m,2H),3.03~3.09(m,2H),2.71~2.87(m,2H),1.89~1.96(m,1H),1.75~1.83(m,1H).
实施例10:1-[6-氟-(2R*)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R*)-1,2-乙二醇(化合物VIII)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000116
以化合物VI(其中R为苄基)为原料,按与实验例7中的两种方法相同的方法可得化合物VIII。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.73~6.81(m,3H),4.04~4.07(m,1H),3.81~3.85(m,2H),3.76~3.76(m,1H)2.84~2.86(m,1H),2.74~2.79(m,1H),1.78~2.02(m,2H),2.04(bs,2H)
HR-MS(EI)计算值C11H13O3F(M)+:计算值212.0849,实测值212.0844
实施例11:(S*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物IX)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000117
将4.24g(20mmol)化合物VII悬浮于100ml甲苯中,加入0.5g(2mmol)二丁基氧化锡(Bu2SnO),室温搅拌1h,然后加入二异丙基乙胺(3.95ml,24mmol))和3.99g(21mmol)对甲基苯磺酰氯(TsCl),室温搅拌反应过夜。次日用2N HCl洗,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,硅胶短柱纯化,PL/EtOAc(3/1)洗脱,得白色固体6.89g(94%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80~7.82(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.34~7.35(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.7(s,2H),6.58~6.61(m,1H),4.36~4.39(d,J=10.4Hz,1H), 4.21~4.23(m,1H),3.91(s,2H),2.75~2.8(m,2H),2.45(s,3H),2.16~2.19(m,1H),1.75~1.79(m,1H)
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H19O5FNaS(M+Na)+:计算值389.0829实测值389.0822
实施例12:(R*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物X)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000118
將4.24g(20mmol)化合物VIII悬浮于100ml甲苯中,加入0.5g(2mmol)二丁基氧化锡(Bu2SnO),室温搅拌1h,然后加入二异丙基乙胺(3.95ml,24mmol)和3.99g(21mmol)对甲基苯磺酰氯(TsCl),室温搅拌反应过夜。用2N HCl洗,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,硅胶短柱纯化,PL/EtOAc(3/1)洗脱,得无色糖浆状物7.07(98%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80~7.82(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.33~7.35(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.73~6.79(m,2H),6.64~6.67(m,1H),4.21~4.22(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.0~4.02(m,1H),3.91~3.95(m,1H),2.72~2.87(m,2H),2.44(s,3H),1.93~1.95(m,2H)
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H19O5FNaS(M+Na)+:计算值389.0829实测值389.0823
实施例13:(S*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物XI)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000119
将1.83g(5mmol)化合物IX溶于20mlTHF,加入2.72ml苄胺,加热回流反应16h(TLC显示原料斑点消失),减压蒸干,残留物加10%Na2CO3, 用EtOAc萃取三次,合并萃取液,10%Na2CO3洗,水洗,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸除EtOAc,残留物加20ml环己烷,析出白色结晶,过滤得白色固体1.25g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28~7.36(m,5H),6.6~6.8(m,3H),3.85~3.89(m,3H),3.74~3.81(m,1H),2.98~3.02(dd,J=4,12Hz,1H),2.73~2.86(m,3H),2.12~2.15(m,1H),1.76~1.86(m,1H)
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H21O2FN(M+H)+:计算值302.1550实测值302.1546
实施例14:(R*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物XII)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000120
1.95g(5.3mmol)化合物X溶于20ml THF,加入2.72ml苄胺,加热回流反应16h(TLC显示原料斑点消失);减压蒸干,残留物加10%Na2CO3,用EtOAc萃取三次,合并萃取液,10%Na2CO3洗,水洗,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸除EtOAc,残留物加20ml环己烷,析出白色结晶0.91g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28~7.38(m,5H),6.7~6.8(m,3H),3.86~3.95(m,4H),2.91~2.92(d,J=5.6Hz,2H)2.75~2.84(m,2H),1.91~1.94(m,2H)
实施例15:N-苄基-(+/-)-奈必洛尔(化合物XIII)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000121
将1.19g(3.2mmol)化合物IX和0.94g(3.12mmol)化合物XII溶于15ml EtOH中,加入0.5g固体无水碳酸钠,然后加热搅拌回流反应16h,减压 蒸干,残留物加50ml水,用EtOAc萃取两次,合并萃取液,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,得糖浆状物1.59g。上述产物加25ml异丙醇加热溶解,加0.5g草酸(FW=126)加热搅拌20min,冷却,室温放置5h,过滤,烘干,得白色固体1.59g。将产物用乙醇重结晶两次得0.69g化合物XIII的草酸盐。将上述产物悬浮于20ml二氯甲烷中,加入10ml 10%碳酸钠,室温搅拌25分钟,分出有机层,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸干得游离碱(化合物XIII)0.58g。
1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.27~7.34(m,5H),6.67~6.78(m,6H),3.94~3.97(d,J=15Hz,1H),3.82~3.86(m,4H),3.69~3.71(d,J=15Hz,1H),2.98~3.01(m,1H),2.90~2.92(m,1H),2.68~2.83(m,7H),2.11~2.14(m,1H),1.78~1.86(m,3H)
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C29H31O4F2N(M+H)+:计算值496.2293实测值496.2287
实施例16:(2R,3R)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷(化合物Va,其中R是苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000122
将2g粉沫状4A分子筛于25ml无水二氯甲烷中冷至-25℃,依次加入1.85g D-(-)-DIPT(7.9mmol)和2.06g(7.2mmol)Ti(OPr-i)4,加毕,-25℃搅拌20min,然后滴加6.7ml 3.2N TBHP(19.8mmol)(甲苯溶液),加毕,-25℃搅拌20min,然后滴加1.89g(6.6mmol)化合物IV1(其中R是苄基)/20ml二氯甲烷溶液(约15min内加入),加毕,-25-22℃搅拌反应6h(原料S斑点消失)。
后处理:将反应液倾入到新配制的FeSO4/酒石酸/H2O溶液中(2.5gFeSO4+1.0g酒石酸+20ml H2O)中,室温搅拌1h,硅藻土过滤,滤液分出有机层,水层再用二氯甲烷萃取两次,合并萃取液,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸干,得油状物4.0g。
将上述产物溶于40ml DCM,冰浴冷却下滴加20ml 30%NaOH的饱和NaCl溶液,加毕,室温搅拌反应1h,分出有机层,水层用DCM萃取两次,合并萃取液,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干,上硅胶柱,PL/EtOAc(3/1)洗脱,得无色油状物1.54g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32~7.41(m,5H),6.88~6.90(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.83~6.85(m,2H),5.04(s,2H),3.80~3.83(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),3.51~3.57(m,1H),2.97~2.99(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),2.75~2.85(m,3H),1.84~1.91(m,2H).
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H19O3FNa(M+Na)+:325.1210实测值325.1201
[α]D 20;+22.9(CHCl3,C 1.0)
实施例17:(2S,3S)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷(化合物Vb,其中R是苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000123
按实验例16类似的方法以化合物IV1为原料,并以L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯为手性诱导剂可得化合物Vb。
[α]D 20;-23.1(CHCl3,C 1.0)
实施例18:(2R,3S)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷(化合物VIa,其中R是苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000124
将2g粉沫状4A分子筛于25ml无水二氯甲烷中冷至-25℃,依次加入1.85g D-(-)-DIPT和2.06g Ti(OPr-i)4,加毕,-25℃搅拌20min,然后滴加6.7ml 3.2N TBHP(甲苯溶液),加毕,-25℃搅拌20min,然后滴加1.92g(6.7mmol)化合物IV2(其中R是苄基)/20ml二氯甲烷溶液(约15min内加入),加毕,-25-22℃搅拌反应6h,将反应液倾入到新配制的FeSO4/酒石 酸/H2O溶液中(2.5gFeSO4+1.0g酒石酸+20ml H2O)中,室温搅拌1h,硅藻土过滤,滤液分出有机层,水层再用二氯甲烷萃取两次,合并萃取液,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸干,得油状物。
将上述产物溶于40ml Et2O,冰浴冷却下滴加20ml 30%NaOH的饱和NaCl溶液,加毕,室温搅拌反应1h,分出有机层,水层用DCM萃取两次,合并萃取液,水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干,上硅胶柱,PL/EtOAc(3/1)洗脱,得无色油状物1.63g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34~7.41(m,5H),6.88~6.90(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.84~6.86(m,2H),5.03(s,2H),3.48~3.56(m,2H),3.03~3.09(m,2H),2.71~2.87(m,2H),1.89~1.96(m,1H),1.75~1.83(m,1H).
[α]D 20;-1.5(CHCl3,c 1.0)
实施例19:(2S,3R)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷(化合物VIb,其中R是苄基)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000125
按实验例16类似的方法以化合物IV2(其中R是苄基)为原料,并以L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯为手性诱导剂可得化合物VIb。
[α]D 20;+1.6(CHCl3,c 2.0)
实施例20:1-[6-氟-(2S)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R)-1,2-乙二醇(化合物VIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000126
将1.09g化合物Va(其中R是苄基)溶于25ml EtOH中,加入0.25g10%Pd-C和0.075g无水碳酸钠常压氢化反应(约1h),停止氢化,于60℃ 油浴中搅拌2h,过滤除去Pd/C,滤渣用EtOH洗,滤液蒸干,得白色固体0.75g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.70~6.80(m,3H),3.99~4.02(dd,J=10.4,3.6Hz,1H),3.82~3.89(m,3H),2.75~2.85(m,2H),2.11~2.16(m,1H),1.82~1.90(m,1H)
[α]D 20;+89.6(CH3OH,c 1.0)
实施例21:1-[6-氟-(2R)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1S)-1,2-乙二醇(化合物VIIb)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000127
按实验例20类似的方法以化合物Vb(其中R是苄基)为原料,可得化合物VIIb
[α]D 20;-87.9(CH3OH,c 1.0)
实施例22:1-[6-氟-(2R)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R)-1,2-乙二醇(化合物VIIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000128
将1.3g化合物VIa(其中R是苄基)溶于25ml EtOH中,加入0.2g 10%Pd-C和0.1g无水碳酸钠,常压氢化反应至不再吸氢,停止氢化,于60℃油浴中搅拌2h,过滤除去Pd/C,滤渣用EtOH洗,滤液蒸干,得白色固体0.88g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.73~6.81(m,3H),4.04~4.07(m,1H),3.81~3.85(m,2H),3.76~3.76(m,1H)2.84~2.86(m,1H),2.74~2.79(m,1H),1.78~2.02(m,2H),2.04(bs,2H)
[α]D 20;-113.1(CH3OH,c 1.0),[α]D 20;-112.0(CH3Cl,c 0.1)
实施例23:1-[6-氟-(2S)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1S)-1,2-乙二醇(化合物VIIIb)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000129
按实验例22类似的方法以化合物VIb(其中R是苄基)为原料,可得化合物VIIIb,为白色固体;[α]D 20;+95.6(CH3Cl,c 0.045)。
实施例24:(S,R)-(+)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物IXa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000130
按实验例11类似的方法以化合物VIIa为原料,可得化合物IXa。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80~7.82(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.34~7.35(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.7(s,2H),6.58~6.61(m,1H),4.36~4.39(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),4.21~4.23(m,1H),3.91(s,2H),2.75~2.8(m,2H),2.45(s,3H),2.16~2.19(m,1H),1.75~1.79(m,1H)
[α]D 20;+82.1(CHCl3,c 0.56)
实施例25:(R,R)-(-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物Xa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000131
按实验例11类似的方法以化合物VIIIa为原料,可得化合物Xa。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80~7.82(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.33~7.35 (d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.73~6.79(m,2H),6.64~6.67(m,1H),4.21~4.22(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.0~4.02(m,1H),3.91~3.95(m,1H),2.72~2.87(m,2H),2.44(s,3H),1.93~1.95(m,2H)
HR-MS(ESI)计算值C18H19O5FNaS(M+Na)+:计算值389.0829实测值389.0823
[α]D 20;-48.4(CH3Cl,c 0.68)
实施例26:(R,S)-(-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物IXb)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000132
按实验例11类似的方法以化合物VIIb为原料,可得化合物IXb。
[α]D 20;-80.3(CHCl3,c 0.85)
实施例27:(S,S)-(+)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物Xb)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000133
按实验例11类似的方法以化合物VIIIa为原料,可得化合物Xb。
[α]D 20;+50.3(CH3Cl,c 0.50)
实施例28:(S,R)-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物XIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000134
按实验例13类似的方法以化合物IXa为原料,可得化合物XIa。
化合物XIa为白色固体,[α]D 20;+82.1(CHCl3,c 0.56)
实施例29:(R,S)-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇(化合物XIb)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000135
按实施例13类似的方法以化合物IXb为原料,可得化合物XIb。
[α]D 20;-79.3(CHCl3,c 0.45)
实施例30:N-苄基-D-奈必洛尔(化合物XIIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000136
将287mg(0.95mmol)化合物XIa和350mg(0.95mmol)化合物Xa溶于5ml乙醇,加入150mg无水Na2CO3,加热搅拌回流反应16h。
减压蒸干,残留物加10ml水,用EtOAc萃取两次,合并萃取液,饱和NaCl洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,得糖浆状物453mg。乙醇/水重结晶,得白色固体373mg(79%)。
实施例30’:N-苄基-D-奈必洛尔盐酸盐(化合物XIIIa盐酸盐)的制备
将287mg(0.95mmol)化合物XIa和350mg(0.95mmol)化合物Xa溶于5ml乙醇,加入150mg无水Na2CO3,加热搅拌回流反应16h。
减压蒸干,残留物加10ml水,用EtOAc萃取两次,合并萃取液,加入1N盐酸2ml,搅拌结晶,过滤,得白色固体390mg,纯度99.5%。
实施例30”:N-苄基-D-奈必洛尔(化合物XIIIa)的制备
将化合物XIIIa盐酸盐390mg加入到10ml二氯甲烷中,搅拌,加入碳酸氢钠水溶液中和,分层,有机层干燥、浓缩得白色固体355mg,纯度 99.7%。
实施例31:N-苄基-L-奈必洛尔(化合物XIIIb)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-000137
按实施例30类似的方法以化合物XIb和Xb为原料,可得化合物XIIIb。
实施例31’:N-苄基-L-奈必洛尔盐酸盐(化合物XIIIb盐酸盐)的制备
按实施例30’类似的方法以化合物XIb和Xb为原料,可得化合物XIIIb盐酸盐,纯度99.6%。
实施例31”:N-苄基-L-奈必洛尔(化合物XIIIb)的制备
按实施例30”类似的方法可得化合物XIIIb,纯度99.8%。
实施例32:DL-奈必洛尔(化合物I)盐酸盐的制备
将200mg(0.4mmol)化合物I溶于5ml乙醇中,加入50mg 10%Pd-C,室温常压氢化反应18h,过滤,滤渣乙醇洗,滤液通入氯化氢气体,然后减压蒸除乙醇,得白色固体,加无水乙醚搅拌,过滤,得产物160mg(89%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.81(bs,2H),6.90~6.94(m,4H),6.75~6.76(dd,2H),5.99(bs,1H),5.80(bs,1H),4.11(m,1H),3.98~4.02(m,2H),3.89~3.91(m,1H),3.17~3.22(m,2H),3.05~3.07(m,1H),2.74~2.82(m,4H),2.10~2.13(m,1H),1.92~1.94(m,1H),1.75~1.80(m,1H),1.67~1.71(m,1H)
HR-MS(FAB+)计算值C22H26F2NO4S(M+1-HCl)+:计算值406.1829实测值406.1825
实施例32’:DL-奈必洛尔(化合物I)盐酸盐的制备
将100mg化合物XIIIa’和100mg化合物XIIIb’加入到15ml二氯甲烷 中,加入碳酸氢钠水溶液中和,然后分层,有机层浓缩至干,加入50ml甲醇和50mg 10%Pd-C,室温常压氢化反应18h,过滤,滤渣甲醇洗,滤液加入1N盐酸2ml,结晶、过滤、洗涤,干燥得白色固体100mg,纯度99.9%。
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.81(bs,2H),6.90~6.94(m,4H),6.75~6.76(dd,2H),5.99(bs,1H),5.80(bs,1H),4.11(m,1H),3.98~4.02(m,2H),3.89~3.91(m,1H),3.17~3.22(m,2H),3.05~3.07(m,1H),2.74~2.82(m,4H),2.10~2.13(m,1H),1.92~1.94(m,1H),1.75~1.80(m,1H),1.67~1.71(m,1H)
HR-MS(FAB+)计算值C22H26F2NO4S(M+1-HCl)+:计算值406.1829实测值406.1825
实施例32”:DL-奈必洛尔(化合物I)盐酸盐的制备
将100mg按实施例30”得到的化合物XIIIa和100mg按实施例31”得到的化合物XIIIb,加入到50ml甲醇中,再加入50mg 10%Pd-C,室温常压氢化反应18h,过滤,滤渣甲醇洗,滤液加入1N盐酸2ml,结晶、过滤、洗涤,干燥得白色固体105mg,纯度99.9%。
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.81(bs,2H),6.90~6.94(m,4H),6.75~6.76(dd,2H),5.99(bs,1H),5.80(bs,1H),4.11(m,1H),3.98~4.02(m,2H),3.89~3.91(m,1H),3.17~3.22(m,2H),3.05~3.07(m,1H),2.74~2.82(m,4H),2.10~2.13(m,1H),1.92~1.94(m,1H),1.75~1.80(m,1H),1.67~1.71(m,1H)
HR-MS(FAB+)计算值C22H26F2NO4S(M+1-HCl)+:计算值406.1829实测值406.1825
实施例33a:D-奈必洛尔(化合物Ia)盐酸盐的制备
按实施例32类似的方法以化合物XIIIa为原料,可得化合物Ia盐酸盐。[α]D 20;+22.0(CH3OH,C 0.5)
实施例33b:L-奈必洛尔(化合物Ib)盐酸盐的制备
按实施例32类似的方法以化合物XIIIb为原料,可得化合物Ib盐酸盐。[α]D 20;-21.2(CH3OH,C 0.4)
综上所述,本发明所提供的新方法的立体选择性高,关键中间体的制备可避免柱层析分离,且反应条件温和,不需要特殊试剂。与现有技术相比,利用本发明所述方法制备奈必洛尔的成本大幅降低,非常适合工业化生产。尤其是通过式III、IV1、IV2中间体的结晶纯化,大幅度地提高了中间体及产物质量,使产品质量可控、收率提高,生产成本显著降低。而且,式XIIIa和XIIIb的化合物通过成盐结晶纯化,大幅度地提高了产物质量,能够使最终产物纯度达到99.9%以上。
上文提供了本发明的一些实施方案及其具体实例,但本领域技术人员可以理解,这些实施方案与实例仅是对本发明的举例性描述,在不背离本发明的主旨的情况下,可以对它们进行其他修饰和变换。

Claims (50)

  1. 制备式VII(S*/R*)化合物的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100001
    其中VII(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIa(S/R)和其对映异构体VIIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100002
    该方法包括以下步骤:
    3)将反式化合物IV1
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100003
    在环氧化试剂作用下环氧化得到环氧中间体V,其中R为羟基保护基,其选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,但在下式中R显示以苄基(Bn)为例,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100004
    其中化合物V是外消旋体,为含等量的结构式为Va和其对映异构体Vb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用V(2R*,3R*)表示
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100005
    4)将化合物V(2R*,3R*)脱保护、环合得到中间体化合物VII(S*/R*),其中R如上文所定义,但在下式中R显示为以苄基(Bn)为例,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100006
    其中VII(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIa(S/R)和其对映异构体VIIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100007
  2. 制备式VIII(R*/R*)化合物的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100008
    其中VIII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIIa(R/R)和其对映异构体VIIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100009
    该方法包括以下步骤:
    3)将顺式化合物IV2
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100010
    在环氧化试剂作用下环氧化得到环氧中间体V,其中R为羟基保护基,其选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,但在下式中R显示为以苄基(Bn)为例,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100011
    其中化合物VI是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIa和其对映异构体VIb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用VI(2R*,3S*)表示
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100012
    4)将化合物VI(2R*,3S*)脱保护、环合得到中间体化合物VIII(R*/R*),其中R如上文所定义,但在下式中R显示为以苄基(Bn)为例,
    其中VIII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIIa(R/R)和其对映异构 体VIIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100014
  3. 根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中在步骤3)中,将反式化合物IV1或顺式化合物IV2进行环氧化的反应可以采用本领域通常使用的环氧化方法,例如,可以使用的环氧化试剂选自有机过氧酸例如MCPBA、三氟过氧乙酸、二甲基过氧化酮(DMDO)、过氧化氢与乙酸的混合物及VO(acac)2与过氧叔丁醇的混合物,以及催化量的甲基三氧化铼(MTO)存在下的吡啶-H2O2体系,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  4. 根据上述权利要求任一项的方法,其中在步骤4)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机杂环碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物。
  5. 根据上述权利要求任一项的方法,其中:
    在步骤3)中,将反式化合物IV1或顺式化合物IV2进行环氧化的反应可以采用本领域通常使用的环氧化方法,例如,可以使用的环氧化试剂选自有机过氧酸例如MCPBA、三氟过氧乙酸、二甲基过氧化酮(DMDO)、过氧化氢与乙酸的混合物及VO(acac)2与过氧叔丁醇的混合物,以及催化量的甲基三氧化铼(MTO)存在下的吡啶-H2O2体系,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;和
    在步骤4)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如 在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机杂环碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物。
  6. 式III化合物的制备方法;
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100015
    其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、烯丙基、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
    该方法包括以下步骤:
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100016
    步骤a):将式XIV的化合物,其中R为如上所述的羟基保护基,X为卤素,经与3-三取代的硅基-丙-2-炔-1-锂反应得到式XV的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3各自独立地选自烷基或芳基,例如甲基、叔丁基或苯基;
    步骤b):将式XV的化合物脱除炔基末端的硅保护基得到式XVI的化合物,其中R的定义同上;
    步骤c):将式XVI的化合物在碱或有机金属试剂存在下与多聚甲醛反应得到式III的化合物,其中R的定义同上;以及
    任选的步骤d):向步骤c)所得的式III化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式III化合物的固体。
  7. 根据权利要求6的方法,其中步骤a)的反应在有机非质子性溶剂中进行,例如甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚或甲苯。
  8. 根据权利要求6-7任一项的方法,其中步骤b)的反应在碱、酸或含氟盐存在下,优选在碱存在下进行,所述的碱选自碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐,例如NaOH、KOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3,反应所用溶剂选自质子性溶剂,例如水、甲醇、乙醇或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8任一项的方法,其中步骤c)中所述的碱选自金属氢化物或有机碱,例如NaNH2或KNH2,所述的有机金属试剂选自BuLi、t-BuLi、s-BuLi、LDA或格氏试剂,例如MeMgX、EtMgX、BuMgX、i-PrMgX,其中X为Br、I或Cl,所用的反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一项的方法,其中:
    步骤a)的反应在有机非质子性溶剂中进行,例如甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚或甲苯;
    步骤b)的反应在碱、酸或含氟盐存在下,优选在碱存在下进行,所述的碱选自碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐,例如NaOH、KOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3,反应所用溶剂选自质子性溶剂,例如水、甲醇、乙醇或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;和
    步骤c)中所述的碱选自金属氢化物或有机碱,例如NaNH2或KNH2,所述的有机金属试剂选自BuLi、t-BuLi、s-BuLi、LDA或格氏试剂,例如 MeMgX、EtMgX、BuMgX、i-PrMgX,其中X为Br、I或Cl,所用的反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  11. 制备式IV1化合物的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100017
    其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
    该方法包括以下步骤:
    将化合物III经金属氢化物还原得到式IV1的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100018
    其中R如上文所定义;
    以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV1化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV1化合物的固体。
  12. 根据权利要求11的方法,其中所使用的金属复合氢化物还原剂为LiAlH4或二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  13. 制备式IV2化合物的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100019
    其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
    该方法包括以下步骤:
    将化合物III经选择性催化氢化还原得到式IV2的顺式化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100020
    其中R如上文所定义;
    以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV2化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV2化合物的固体。
  14. 根据权利要求13的方法,其中选择性催化氢化还原所使用的催化剂选自林德拉(Lindlar)催化剂或P-2型硼化镍/乙二胺催化剂。
  15. 一种制备式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100021
    其中I(S*R*R*R*)表示外消旋体,其是由等摩尔的构型如下所示的右旋奈必洛尔Ia(SRRR)及其对映体左旋奈必洛尔Ib(RSSS)组成的外消旋混合物;
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100022
    该方法包括下列步骤:
    1)将化合物III经金属复合氢化物还原得到式IV1的反式化合物,以及任选的下述步骤:所得的式IV1化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV1化合物的固体,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100023
    其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
    2)将化合物III经选择性催化氢化还原得到式IV2的顺式化合物,以及任选的下述步骤:向所得的式IV2化合物中加入非极性有机溶剂,例如正己烷、正庚烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物,低温搅拌,例如在0至-20℃搅拌,结晶,过滤得到式IV2化合物的固体,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100024
    其中R为上述1)中所定义,
    3)将反式化合物IV1和顺式化合物IV2分别在环氧化试剂作用下环氧 化得到环氧中间体V和VI,其中R如上文所定义,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100025
    其中化合物V是外消旋体,为含等量的结构式为Va和其对映异构体Vb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用V(2R*,3R*)表示
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100026
    其中化合物VI是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIa和其对映异构体VIb的外消旋混合物,其相对构型用VI(2R*,3S*)表示
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100027
    4)将化合物V和VI分别脱保护、环合得到中间体化合物VII(S*/R*)和VIII(R*/R*),其中R如上文所定义,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100028
    其中VII(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIa(S/R)和其对映异构体VIIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100029
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100030
    其中VIII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式VIIIa(R/R)和其对映异构体VIIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100031
    5)将化合物VII和VIII分别与式M-SO2X的磺酰卤化物(其中M是烷基或取代或未取代的芳基,X为卤素)在催化剂及碱存在下磺酰化,得到化合物IX(S*/R*)和X(R*/R*),
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100032
    其中IX(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式IXa(S/R)和其对映异构体IXb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100033
    其中X(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式Xa(R/R)和其对映异构体Xb(S/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100034
    6)将化合物IX或X与苄胺进行胺-烷基化反应,得到相应的化合物XI或XII;
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100035
    其中XI(S*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIa(S/R)和其对映异构体XIb(R/S)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100036
    其中XII(R*/R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIIa(R/R)和其对映异构体XIIb(S/S)的外消旋混合物
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100037
    7)将中间体IX(S*/R*)和XII(R*/R*)或中间体X(R*/R*)和XI(S*/R*)在碱性条件下进行交叉偶联反应,得到化合物XIII(S*R*R*R*)和XIII’(S*R*S*S*),其中R”的定义同上文的M定义,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100038
    其中XIII(S*R*R*R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIIIa(SRRR)和其对映异构体XIIIb(RSSS)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100039
    XIII’(S*R*S*S*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式XIII’a(SRSS)和其对映异构体XIII’b(RSRR)的外消旋混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100040
    8)将含有化合物XIII和XIII’的混合物成盐重结晶纯化除去异构体XIII’(S*R*S*S*)得到中间体XIII(S*R*R*R*),
    9)将中间体XIII(S*R*R*R*)脱保护得到式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100041
    其中I(S*R*R*R*)是外消旋体,为含等量的式Ia(SRRR)和其对映异构 体Ib(RSSS)的外消旋混合物。
  16. 根据权利要求15的方法,其中在步骤1)中,所使用的金属复合氢化物还原剂为LiAlH4或二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  17. 根据权利要求15-16任一项的方法,其中在步骤2)中,选择性催化氢化还原所使用的催化剂选自林德拉(Lindlar)催化剂或P-2型硼化镍/乙二胺催化剂。
  18. 根据权利要求15-17任一项的方法,其中在步骤3)中,将反式化合物IV1和顺式化合物IV2进行环氧化的反应可以采用本领域通常使用的环氧化方法,例如,可以使用的环氧化试剂选自有机过氧酸例如MCPBA、三氟过氧乙酸、二甲基过氧化酮(DMDO)、过氧化氢与乙酸的混合物及VO(acac)2与过氧叔丁醇的混合物,以及催化量的甲基三氧化铼(MTO)存在下的吡啶-H2O2体系,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  19. 根据权利要求15-18任一项的方法,其中在步骤4)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机杂环碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物。
  20. 根据权利要求15-19任一项的方法,其中在步骤5)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中可以不使用催化剂或使用适量的酰化催化剂,使用的催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二 丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  21. 根据权利要求15-20任一项的方法,其中在步骤6)中,胺-烷基化反应以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  22. 根据权利要求15-21任一项的方法,其中在步骤7)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  23. 根据权利要求15-22任一项的方法,其中在步骤9)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2,Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd,反应溶剂为醇、酯或醚,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
  24. 根据权利要求15-23任一项的方法,其中:
    在步骤1)中,所使用的金属复合氢化物还原剂为LiAlH4或二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氧六环、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
    在步骤2)中,选择性催化氢化还原所使用的催化剂选自林德拉(Lindlar)催化剂或P-2型硼化镍/乙二胺催化剂;
    在步骤3)中,将反式化合物IV1和顺式化合物IV2进行环氧化的反应可以采用本领域通常使用的环氧化方法,例如,可以使用的环氧化试剂选自有机过氧酸例如MCPBA、三氟过氧乙酸、二甲基过氧化酮(DMDO)、 过氧化氢与乙酸的混合物及VO(acac)2与过氧叔丁醇的混合物,以及催化量的甲基三氧化铼(MTO)存在下的吡啶-H2O2体系,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、甲苯或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
    在步骤4)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物;
    在步骤5)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中可以不使用催化剂或使用适量的酰化催化剂,催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
    在步骤6)中,胺-烷基化以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
    在步骤7)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
    在步骤9)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2,Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd,反应溶剂为醇、酯或醚,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
  25. 根据权利要求15至24任一项的方法,其中用式IV1和式IV2的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤2)至9),从而得到式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔。
  26. 根据权利要求15至24任一项的方法,其中用式IX和式XII的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤7)至9),从而得到式I的外消旋的奈必洛尔。
  27. 一种制备右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100042
    该方法包括下列步骤:
    3’)将化合物IV1和IV2分别进行不对称环氧化反应得到化合物Va和VIa,其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基;
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100043
    4’)将中间体Va和VIa分别脱保护、环合得到中间体VIIa和VIIIa,其中R如上文所定义,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100044
    5’)将中间体VIIa和VIIIa分别与式M-SO2X的磺酰卤化物(其中M是烷基或取代或未取代的芳基,X为卤素)在催化剂及碱存在下磺酰化,得到中间体IXa和Xa
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100045
    6’)将中间体IXa或中间体Xa与苄胺进行胺-烷基化反应,得到相应的化合物XIa或XIIa;
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100046
    7’)将中间体IXa和XIIa或中间体Xa和XIa在碱性条件下进行交叉偶联反应,得到中间体XIIIa,其中Ar’的定义与上文的M定义相同,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100047
    以及任选地将中间体XIIIa转化为其盐酸盐,
    8’)将中间体XIIIa脱保护得到右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100048
    或者,将中间体XIIIa的盐酸盐通过碱中和而转化为游离的中间体XIIIa,然后脱保护得到右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)。
  28. 一种制备左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100049
    该方法包括下列步骤:
    3”)将化合物IV1和IV2分别进行不对称环氧化反应得到化合物Vb和VIb,其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100050
    4”)将中间体Vb和VIb分别脱保护、环合得到中间体VIIb和VIIIb,其中R如上文所定义,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100051
    5”)将中间体VIIb和VIIIb分别与式M-SO2X的磺酰卤化物(其中M是烷基或取代或未取代的芳基,X为卤素)在催化剂及碱存在下磺酰化,得到中间体IXb和Xb,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100052
    6”)将中间体IXb或中间体Xb与苄胺进行胺-烷基化反应,得到中间体XIb或XIIb
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100053
    7”)将中间体IXb和XIIb或中间体Xb和XIb在碱性条件下进行交叉偶联反应,得到中间体XIIIb,其中Ar’的定义与上文的M定义相同,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100054
    以及任选地将中间体XIIIb转化为其盐酸盐,
    8”)将中间体XIIIb脱保护得左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100055
    或者,将中间体XIIIb的盐酸盐通过碱中和而转化为游离的中间体XIIIb,然后脱保护得到左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)。
  29. 根据权利要求27的方法,其中在步骤3’)中使用Sharpless不对称 环氧化反应,该反应采用的手性催化剂为D-(-)-酒石酸二乙酯或D-(-)-酒石酸二异丙酯,反应试剂为四异丙基氧钛、过氧叔丁醇或过氧化氢异丙苯,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷,在反应体系加入3A或4A分子筛。
  30. 根据权利要求28的方法,其中在步骤3”)中使用Sharpless不对称环氧化反应,该反应采用的手性催化剂为L-(+)-酒石酸二乙酯或L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯,反应试剂为四异丙基氧钛、过氧叔丁醇或过氧化氢异丙苯,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷,在反应体系加入3A或4A分子筛。
  31. 根据权利要求29或30的方法,其中在步骤4’)或步骤4”)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机杂环碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物。
  32. 根据权利要求31的方法,其中在步骤5’)或步骤5”)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中可以不使用催化剂或使用酰化催化剂,使用的催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  33. 根据权利要求31或32的方法,其中在步骤6’)或步骤6”)中,在步骤6’)或步骤6”)中,胺-烷基化反应以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、 吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  34. 根据权利要求31-33任一项的方法,其中在步骤7’)或步骤7”)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物。
  35. 根据权利要求31-34任一项的方法,其中在步骤8’)或步骤8”)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd,反应溶剂为醇、酯或醚,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
  36. 根据权利要求31-35任一项的方法,其中:
    在步骤4’)或步骤4”)中,可采用有机化学领域常用的方法脱去羟基保护基,例如在催化剂存在下的氢解反应脱除苄基保护基,然后再加碱环合;氢解反应中使用的催化剂为钯催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd;环合反应所用的碱选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐、醇盐或者有机杂环碱,例如NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、NaOMe、DBU;或者脱保护和环合反应可采用在Pd/C为催化剂条件下的碱性氢解条件使脱除苄基保护基和环合反应同时进行,直接得到环合产物;
    在步骤5’)或步骤5”)中,磺酰化反应所使用的磺酰卤化物可以是芳基磺酰氯或取代的芳基磺酰氯或烷基磺酰氯,例如对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、对卤代苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、邻硝基苯磺酰氯或甲基磺酰氯;反应中使用的催化剂可以是二烷基氧化锡类化合物、DMAP,例如二丁基氧化锡及2,2-二丁基-1,3,2-二氧杂锡杂环戊烷;反应中使用的碱可以是常用的有机碱,例如吡啶、有机叔胺,例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
    在步骤6’)或步骤6”)中,胺-烷基化以苄胺与相应的磺酸酯反应,反应 溶剂为有机非质子性溶剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、吡啶、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、DMF、DMA或其任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
    在步骤7’)或步骤7”)中,交叉偶联反应中所使用的碱可选自无机碱,如K2CO3、Na2CO3,或有机叔胺,如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,反应溶剂为有机质子性溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,或者为有机极性非质子性溶剂,例如丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物;
    在步骤8’)或步骤8”)中,脱保护反应所用的催化剂为Pd催化剂,例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd,反应溶剂为醇、酯或醚,或上述溶剂的任何两种或两种以上的混合物,例如甲醇或乙醇。
  37. 根据权利要求27-36任一项的方法,其中所述中间体XIIIa或中间体XIIIb转化为其盐酸盐的步骤是通过向中间体化合物中加入盐酸,例如1N盐酸,结晶,过滤后得到盐酸盐固体。
  38. 根据权利要求31至37任一项的方法,其中用式IXa和式XIIa的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤7’)至8’),从而得到式Ia的右旋奈必洛尔。
  39. 根据权利要求31至37任一项的方法,其中用式IXb和式XIIb的化合物作为原料并进行所述的步骤7”)至8”),从而得到式Ib的左旋奈必洛尔。
  40. 任意比例的右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)和左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)的混合物,
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100056
    其中右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)和左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)按照权利要求31-39任一项所述的方法制备。
  41. 一种制备如权利要求40所述的任意比例的右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)和左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib)的混合物的方法,该方法包括:
    (1)按照权利要求27-39任一项所述的方法分别制备右旋奈必洛尔(式Ia)和左旋奈必洛尔(式Ib),并将二者以任意比例混合;或者
    (2)按照权利要求27-37任一项所述的方法分别制备中间体XIIIa的盐酸盐和中间体XIIIb的盐酸盐,并将二者以任意比例混合,通过碱中和,然后使用所得混合物进行权利要求35所述的脱保护步骤;或者
    (3)按照权利要求27-37任一项所述的方法分别制备中间体XIIIa的盐酸盐和中间体XIIIb的盐酸盐,并将二者分别通过碱中和而得到游离的中间体XIIIa和游离的中间体XIIIb,然后将这两种游离的中间体以任意比例混合,随后使用所得混合物进行权利要求35所述的脱保护步骤。
  42. 式III的化合物
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100057
    其中R为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、烯丙基、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基。
  43. 式IV1’的化合物
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100058
    其中Ra为氢或者Ra为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、 甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基。
  44. 式IV2’的化合物
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100059
    其中Rb为氢或者Rb为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基。
  45. 式V’(2R*,3R*)的化合物
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100060
    其中Rc为氢或者Rc为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
    其中化合物V’是外消旋体,其相对构型用V’(2R*,3R*)表示,为含等量的Va’(2R,3R)和其对映异构体Vb’(2S,3S)的外消旋混合物,例如下式的其中Rc为苄基的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100061
  46. 式VI’(2R*,3S*)的化合物
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100062
    其中Rd为氢或者Rd为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、烯丙基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基,
    其中化合物VI’是外消旋体,其相对构型用VI’(2R*,3S*)表示,为含等量的VIa’(2R,3S)和其对映异构体VIb’(2S,3R)的外消旋混合物,例如下式的其中Rd为苄基的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100063
  47. 式XI’的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100064
    其中R’是取代或未取代的芳烷基、C1-6烷氧基羰基或C5-10芳烷氧基羰基,例如取代或未取代的苄基、叔丁氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基。
  48. 式XII’的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100065
    其中R’是取代或未取代的芳烷基、C1-6烷氧基羰基或C5-10芳烷氧基羰 基,例如取代或未取代的苄基、叔丁氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基。
  49. 式XVI’的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015079329-appb-100066
    其中Re为氢或者Re为羟基保护基,所述保护基选自烷基、卤代烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、苯甲酰基、苯环上带有取代基的苯甲酰基或硅保护基,例如t-BuMe2Si、t-BuPh2Si、(i-Pr)3Si、Et3Si、甲氧基甲基、苄基或-CH2Ar,其中Ar为未取代或取代的芳基,例如对甲氧基苯基或卤代苯基。
  50. 化合物,其选自:
    1-苄氧基-2-溴甲基-4-氟苯,
    4-[(2-苄氧基-5-氟苯基)-丁炔-1-基]三甲基硅烷,
    1-(苄氧基)-2-(丁炔-3-基)-4-氟苯,
    5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-炔-1-醇,
    反式-5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-烯-1-醇,
    (2R*,3R*)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
    1-[6-氟-(2S*)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R*)-1,2-乙二醇,
    顺式-5-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯基]戊-2-烯-1-醇,
    (2R*,3S*)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
    1-[6-氟-(2R*)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R*)-1,2-乙二醇,
    (S*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
    (R*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
    (S*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
    (R*,R*)-(+/-)-α-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
    (2R,3R)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
    (2S,3S)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
    (2R,3S)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
    (2S,3R)-3-[2-(苄氧基)-5-氟苯乙基]-2-羟基甲基-环氧乙烷,
    1-[6-氟-(2S)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R)-1,2-乙二醇,
    1-[6-氟-(2R)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1S)-1,2-乙二醇,
    1-[6-氟-(2R)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1R)-1,2-乙二醇,
    1-[6-氟-(2S)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-基]-(1S)-1,2-乙二醇,
    (S,R)-(+)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
    (R,R)-(-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
    (R,S)-(-)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
    (S,S)-(+)-α-[(对甲苯磺酰氧基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,
    (S,R)-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇,或
    (R,S)-[(苄基氨基)甲基]-(6-氟-2-色满基)-甲醇。
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