WO2016176829A1 - 一种逆反射片及车牌 - Google Patents

一种逆反射片及车牌 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016176829A1
WO2016176829A1 PCT/CN2015/078289 CN2015078289W WO2016176829A1 WO 2016176829 A1 WO2016176829 A1 WO 2016176829A1 CN 2015078289 W CN2015078289 W CN 2015078289W WO 2016176829 A1 WO2016176829 A1 WO 2016176829A1
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Prior art keywords
acrylate
retroreflective sheeting
protective layer
methacrylate
monomer
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PCT/CN2015/078289
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
中沢広树
金森信也
米田庸佑
米田大介
Original Assignee
恩希爱（杭州）薄膜有限公司
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Application filed by 恩希爱（杭州）薄膜有限公司 filed Critical 恩希爱（杭州）薄膜有限公司
Priority to EP15891081.0A priority Critical patent/EP3343253A4/en
Priority to JP2018509951A priority patent/JP2018524638A/ja
Priority to CN201580059365.4A priority patent/CN107003443B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/078289 priority patent/WO2016176829A1/zh
Publication of WO2016176829A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016176829A1/zh
Priority to US15/665,468 priority patent/US10459131B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/126—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface
    • G02B5/128—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface transparent spheres being embedded in matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
    • G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a retroreflective material-retroreflective sheeting, and to a license plate to which the retroreflective sheeting is applied.
  • retroreflective products have been widely used as road signs, engineering signs and other signs, such as license plates for vehicles such as automobiles and motorcycles, safety materials such as clothing and life-saving appliances, billboards, etc.
  • Products include bead and prismatic (eg cube-corner) retroreflective products that increase safety in harsh environments such as extreme temperature conditions, low visibility, atmospheric pollution, and infrared, visible, sunlight.
  • the photochemical reaction caused by ultraviolet radiation, the retroreflective product has high recognition under such conditions.
  • Retroreflective products are used in the wide range of license plates. Vehicles and other license plates are generally attached to a substrate such as an aluminum alloy plate with a retroreflective sheeting with an adhesive. After the marking portion is formed by a convex pattern, the roller is used. The coating method or the hot stamping method is produced by printing on the labeling portion.
  • the retroreflective sheeting disclosed in the patent document EP 1 225 554 A1 has a elongation at break of substantially 40% or more, but in the disclosed embodiment, only vinyl chloride resin is used, although the retroreflective sheeting is soft. Highly high, it can meet the processing requirements, but the resin such as vinyl chloride resin and polyurethane resin is lacking in weather resistance and durability, and the license plates such as license plates, road signs and engineering signs are used for a long time outside. It is required to have excellent weather resistance. Therefore, such resins are not suitable for signs such as road signs and engineering marks, and license plates for vehicles such as automobiles or motorcycles require durability.
  • a retroreflective sheeting is used, and the surface layer of the reflecting sheet is made of an acrylate resin, an alkyd resin, a polyester resin, a butyral resin, and also
  • the resin to this type is advantageous for improving the weather resistance of the retroreflective sheeting
  • the acrylate resin used in the examples is also a copolymer of butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/acrylic resin, but it is not In the examples, it is specifically described whether or not the effect is actually improved, and the improvement of the weather resistance is not analyzed and compared.
  • the acrylic resin contributes to the improvement of the weather resistance of the retroreflective sheeting, the hardness is relatively high and the flexibility is poor. Therefore, in the process of forming the convex pattern of the license plate, cracking of the retroreflective sheeting or the like occurs, making the resin difficult to use for the manufacture of the license plate.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, to provide a retroreflective sheeting having excellent weather resistance and good embossing resistance in a low temperature environment, and also providing a license plate using the retroreflective sheeting. .
  • a retroreflective sheeting comprising a protective layer of an outermost layer, characterized in that: the surface protective layer comprises at least one acrylic polymer, and the acrylic polymer of the protective layer is reacted
  • the glass transition temperature Tg is from 10 ° C to 35 ° C, and the gel fraction is from 0% to 95%.
  • the surface protective layer comprises at least two acrylic polymers, wherein one has a glass transition temperature Tg of more than 35 ° C or a glass transition temperature Tg of less than 10 ° C; or one of the glass transition temperatures Tg exceeds 35 °C, another The glass transition temperature Tg is less than 10 °C.
  • the surface protective layer has a gel fraction of 10% to 80%, and the polymer obtained by the reaction has a glass transition temperature Tg of 21 ° C to 35 ° C.
  • the acrylic polymer has a constituent unit derived from a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and the acrylic polymer passes through an isocyanate bridging agent, an epoxy resin bridging agent, a melamine bridging agent, and a metal chelate frame. At least one of the bridging agents is crosslinked, and an isocyanate bridging agent is further preferred.
  • the acrylic polymer is an alkyl acrylate monomer homopolymer, or at least one of a hydroxy monomer, a carboxyl monomer, an amino monomer, and an epoxy resin monomer, and an alkyl acrylate monomer. Copolymer.
  • the alkyl acrylate monomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate.
  • the hydroxy monomer is a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or a hydroxy monomer containing propylene alcohol, methyl allyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol monoacrylate, and the hydroxyalkyl acrylate is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid.
  • the acrylic polymer is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 or more, and the alkyl acrylate monomer has 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the surface protective layer of the retroreflective sheet further comprises a holding layer, a focusing layer and a light reflecting layer laminated in this order from top to bottom, and the glass bead is further disposed between the surface protective layer and the holding layer.
  • the glass microspheres are respectively embedded in the surface protective layer and the holding layer, and the surface protective layer has a thickness greater than 75% of the length of the glass microbead diameter.
  • the acrylic polymer is a methacrylic polymer.
  • a license plate for a retroreflective sheeting further comprising a metal plate attached to the retroreflective sheeting, the metal sheet and the retroreflective sheeting being formed by embossing to form an indication portion protruding from one end of the retroreflective sheeting.
  • the present invention adopts a compound composed of an acrylic polymer as a protective layer of a retroreflective sheeting, and by adjusting the gel fraction and glass transition temperature of the compound, thereby having good weather resistance and flexibility, wherein weather resistance is passed Color difference contrast, small color difference, significant weathering effect, and softness evaluation by low temperature embossing, its embossing depth is more than 2.00mm, even greater than 2.25mm, which can meet the processing requirements, and also through the evaluation of anti-blocking and printability
  • the area ratio of the adhesion marks is mostly less than 5% of the entire sheet, and the printability also satisfies the basic requirements.
  • the retroreflective sheeting method of the invention has simple manufacturing method, small equipment investment, and low cost of the acrylic resin used for the retroreflective sheeting, can satisfy large-scale industrial application, and is suitable for wide-scale popularization, and the license plate of the inventive retroreflective sheeting is only used.
  • the marking part needs to be formed by embossing, and the process does not cause cracking and has high stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a retroreflective sheeting
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embossing processing indicator portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-surface protective layer 2-printing layer, 3-holding layer, 4-glass microsphere, 5-focusing layer, 6-light reflecting layer, 7-adhesive layer, 8-stripping substrate, 9 - Mark printed matter, 10-metal plate.
  • the acrylic polymer includes a methacrylic polymer.
  • the retroreflective sheeting of the present invention is any one of a sealed lens type retroreflective sheeting, a capsule lens type retroreflective sheeting, and a retroreflective sheeting such as a prismatic reflecting sheet.
  • a retroreflective sheeting includes a surface protective layer 1, a holding layer 3, a focusing layer 5, and a light reflecting layer 6 which are laminated in this order, and a gap between the holding layer 3 and the focusing layer 5 is further disposed. Glass microspheres 4.
  • a printing layer 2 may be disposed between the surface protective layer 1 and the holding layer 3, and is mainly used for coloring the retroreflective sheeting, the coloring material is ink, and may be disposed under the light reflecting layer as needed.
  • the adhesive layer 7 is provided to adhere the retroreflective sheeting to various substrates, and a release substrate may be provided under the adhesive layer to protect the adhesive layer 7.
  • the surface protective layer of the retroreflective sheeting comprises at least one acrylic polymer.
  • the glass has a glass transition temperature Tg of 10 ° C to 35 ° C. It can maintain excellent weather resistance and blocking resistance, and the gel fraction is 0% to 95%, which can improve its softness and excellent embossing resistance even in low temperature environments; and the surface protective layer includes two
  • the polymer therein contains at least one of a glass transition temperature Tg exceeding 35 ° C or a glass transition temperature Tg of less than 10 ° C, by which the entire composition after the reaction can be easily adjusted. Tg.
  • the weather resistance, film forming properties and blocking resistance of the retroreflective sheeting are lowered.
  • the film-forming property and embossing resistance of the retroreflective sheeting are also lowered.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the product obtained by the reaction of the two polymers is from 10 ° C to 35 ° C.
  • the retroreflective sheeting can maintain excellent weather resistance and blocking resistance, and the gel fraction is 0%. 95% can also improve its softness, so that it can have excellent embossing resistance even in low temperature environments.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg mentioned above including an acrylic polymer or both acrylic polymers is a molar average glass transition temperature (mol/Tg) obtained by the following calculation.
  • Tg 1 , Tg 2 , . . . and Tg n in the following formula are the glass transition temperatures of the homopolymers of monomer component 1, monomer component 2, ..., and monomer component n. They are all converted to absolute temperature (K) for calculation.
  • m 1 , m 2 , . . . and m n are the molar fractions of the respective monomer components.
  • the Tg of the composition composed of two or more kinds of acrylic polymers is calculated by using the molar fraction of all the monomer components contained in the composition. That is, when the first acrylic component and the second acrylic polymer contain the same monomer component, the total value of the same monomer component is used as the molar fraction of each monomer component.
  • the "glass transition temperature of the homopolymer” used above is applied to the vitrification of the monomer described in pages 11 to 35 of "Mechanical Properties of Polymers” by L. E. Nielsen and Kono. Change the temperature.
  • a 7.5 cm x 7.5 cm surface protective layer sheet was wrapped with a 280 mesh screen as a test sample.
  • the mass of the sample was weighed and, after weighing, the sample was immersed in ethyl acetate (EAC) for 72 hours at 23 °C. After soaking, the sample was taken out from the ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate was washed off, washed, and dried at 120 ° C for 24 hours. After drying, the sample was weighed, and the gelation rate (% by mass) was calculated by changing the mass of the sample before and after immersion in ethyl acetate.
  • EAC ethyl acetate
  • the above-mentioned embossing resistance refers to the crack resistance of the retroreflective sheeting after the processing of the convex pattern forming or the like in the manufacture of the license plate;
  • the anti-blocking property means that the retroreflective sheeting is in the form of a roll, or the cut sheet shape is in a laminated state.
  • the surface of the sheet may be different. The sheet does not stick, and the surface of the sheet does not show poor appearance.
  • the surface protective layer of the present invention is not limited to only one layer, and may be two or more layers. If it is two or more layers, different materials can be used for the first layer and the second layer, and the layer on the outermost surface preferably has excellent weather resistance and printability, and the layer located inside (the layer on the inner side than the outermost layer) is the most Good with excellent softness.
  • the polymer constituting the surface protective layer of the present invention may be a homopolymer of an alkyl acrylate monomer, or may be at least 1 of a hydroxy monomer, a carboxy monomer, an amino monomer, and an epoxy resin monomer. a copolymer of the above-mentioned alkyl acrylate monomer, and a weight average molecular weight of the polymer of 30,000 or more, preferably a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 600,000, and further preferably a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 400,000
  • the polymer, the weight average molecular weight can be measured by a measuring instrument such as a well-known gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the alkyl acrylate monomer has 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl acrylate monomer is selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate monomers selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, acrylic acid.
  • the hydroxy monomer is a polymerizable double bond compound containing a hydroxyl group
  • the hydroxy monomer is a hydroxyalkyl acrylate
  • the hydroxyalkyl acrylate is selected from the group consisting of -2-hydroxy acrylate.
  • Ethyl ester, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, and a hydroxy monomer such as propylene alcohol, methyl allyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate.
  • the carboxyl monomer is a polymerizable double bond compound containing a carboxyl group, and further, the carboxyl monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and pentane. Acetyic acid, citraconic acid.
  • the amino monomer is a monomer containing an amide group, and further, the amino monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, diacetone methacrylamide, and N-methylol propylene.
  • acrylamide methacrylamide
  • diacetone acrylamide diacetone methacrylamide
  • N-methylol propylene One of an amide, N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, and N-butoxymethyl acrylamide.
  • the epoxy resin monomer is one selected from the group consisting of glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, and methallyl glycidyl ether.
  • the acrylic polymer used in the present invention is preferably a copolymer comprising a constituent unit derived from an alkyl acrylate monomer and a constituent unit derived from a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group. Further, a copolymer containing a constituent unit derived from a C 4 to 6 alkyl acrylate monomer and a constituent unit derived from a hydroxy monomer is more preferable.
  • the protective layer of the retroreflective sheeting may include a bridging agent in addition to the acrylic polymer, that is, the surface protective layer may have a crosslinked structure formed by reacting an acrylic polymer with a bridging agent, or may be a non-crosslinked structure.
  • a bridging agent included in the surface protective layer, an acrylic polymer containing a hydroxy monomer or a carboxyl group-derived constituent unit is preferred.
  • the bridging agent in the protective layer is selected from at least one of an isocyanate bridging agent, an epoxy resin bridging agent, a melamine bridging agent, and a metal chelate bridging agent, in consideration of the obtained inverse
  • the weather resistance, embossing resistance, and printability of the reflection sheet are preferably an isocyanate bridging agent.
  • the surface protective layer may also be added with a coloring agent, a UV absorber, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, a plasticizer, and the like as needed.
  • the ultraviolet absorber is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzotriazoles, cyanoacrylates, benzophenones, benzoic acids, salicylic acids, and triazines, preferably diphenyl.
  • the ketone, the benzotriazole, and the cyanoacrylate compound are added in an amount of from 0.1% to 10.0% by mass based on the mass of the surface protective layer compound.
  • the surface protective layer in the present invention has an elongation of 50% or more, preferably 75% or more, more preferably 100% or more.
  • the elongation of the surface protective layer was measured by using a tensile testing machine AGS-J manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation at a temperature of 23 ° C and a humidity of 50% at a tensile speed of 300 mm/min, a sample width of 25 mm, and a sample holding pitch. The value obtained was measured under conditions of 100 mm.
  • the thickness of the surface protective layer is set to 75% or more of the diameter of the glass microbead particles.
  • the holding layer is laminated under the surface protective layer for fixing the glass microspheres, the glass microspheres are partially buried in the holding layer, a part is buried in the focusing layer, and the holding layer is made of acrylic resin, alkyd resin, At least one of a fluororesin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyester fiber, a urethane resin, or a polycarbonate, and further preferably at least one of an acrylic resin, a polyester fiber, and a polyvinyl chloride resin, in view of coating suitability and Acrylic resin is most suitable when factors such as glass bead retention are used.
  • the thickness of the holding layer is 15 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m
  • the weight average molecular weight of the resin used for the holding layer is 50,000 or more, preferably a resin having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 400,000, and more preferably a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 300,000.
  • Resin a coloring agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a stabilizer, an antioxidant or a plasticizer may be added to the holding layer.
  • the glass microspheres in the holding layer have a diameter of 40 ⁇ m to 65 ⁇ m, preferably glass microspheres having a diameter of 50 ⁇ m to 65 ⁇ m.
  • a suitable focal length can be maintained, and the particle diameter is 40 ⁇ m or more.
  • the reflection performance of the sealed lens type retroreflective sheeting can be further improved.
  • the glass microspheres have a refractive index of 1.9 to 2.5, preferably glass microspheres having a refractive index of 2.0 to 2.3, and when the refractive index of the glass beads is 1.9 or more, a suitable focal length can be maintained; and when the refractive index is 2.5 or less, The transparency of the glass beads is better.
  • the embedding rate of the glass microspheres is more than 20%, preferably 50% to 90%, and more preferably 70% to 80%.
  • the focusing layer is laminated under the holding layer for covering a portion of the holding layer where the glass microbead protrudes, and the focusing layer is a layer on the light reflecting layer where the focus position of the glass microbead is disposed, generally selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, alkyd resin, At least one of a fluororesin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyester fiber, a urethane resin, a polycarbonate, and a butyral resin, wherein the resin has a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 400,000, and further preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 150,000. ⁇ 300,000 resin.
  • the light reflecting layer is a layer that reflects light, and is usually formed by using a metal such as aluminum, silver, chromium, nickel, magnesium, gold, tin, or the like by a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, or the like, but if it is to be uniformly formed to reflect the focus
  • the layered metal thin film is preferably a vapor deposition method, and the thickness of the light reflecting layer is from 0.03 ⁇ m to 0.30 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.20 ⁇ m, and more preferably from 0.06 ⁇ m to 0.15 ⁇ m.
  • An adhesive layer may be further provided on the retroreflective sheeting for bonding the retroreflective sheeting to a substrate such as an aluminum alloy sheet.
  • the type of the resin forming the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and a usual use as an adhesive may be used.
  • Resin As the resin for the adhesive, for example, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a phenol resin or the like can be used. Among them, an acrylic resin or a silicone resin which is excellent in weather resistance and has good adhesion is more suitable for use.
  • the adhesive layer is a resin for a binder having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more, preferably a resin for a binder having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 to 1,200,000, and more preferably a weight average molecular weight of 600,000. ⁇ 1 million resin for adhesive.
  • the acrylic polymer described above encompasses a methacrylic polymer, wherein the methacrylic polymer refers to a unit composed of methacrylic acid.
  • a retroreflective sheeting comprising a surface protective layer, a holding layer, a glass microsphere, a focusing layer, a light reflecting layer, an adhesive layer, and a release substrate.
  • the acrylic polymers used in the following examples include the following:
  • Acrylic Polymer I (mass ratio): 57% MMA + 36% EA + 7% 2HEMA
  • Acrylic polymer IV (mass ratio): 53.4% MMA + 39.6% EA + 7% 2HEMA
  • Acrylic polymer V (mass ratio): 33.4% MMA + 59.6% EA + 7% 2HEMA
  • MMA-methyl methacrylate (Tg103 ° C)
  • the protective layer of the retroreflective sheeting comprises two acrylic polymers, and the formulation of the coating solution is divided by mass:
  • Isocyanate bridging agent (Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd., E405-70B): 0.7 parts by mass (0.2 equivalents)
  • the protective layer was coated with a solution having a Tg of about 21 ° C and a weight average molecular weight of 250,000.
  • the process substrate is made of transparent PET (produced by Hefei Lekai Technology Industry Co., Ltd., thickness 75 ⁇ m, HA01830-121).
  • the surface of the transparent PET is coated with the coating solution for the protective layer prepared above, and dried by heating. Thereafter, a surface protective layer having a thickness of about 40 ⁇ m was formed, and the elongation of the surface protective layer was 150%.
  • a printed layer can be printed on the surface protective layer as needed.
  • Retaining layer 100 parts by mass of acrylic resin (produced by Enxi (Hangzhou) Chemical Co., Ltd., RS-3100), 20 parts by mass of isocyanate bridging agent (Asahi Kasei Chemical Co., Ltd., E405-70B), and a solvent 42.5 parts by mass of isobutyl ketone (MIBK) were mixed together and stirred uniformly, and then the solution was applied onto the surface protective layer, and after drying, a holding layer having a thickness of about 30 ⁇ m was formed on the surface protective layer.
  • acrylic resin produced by Enxi (Hangzhou) Chemical Co., Ltd., RS-3100
  • isocyanate bridging agent Asahi Kasei Chemical Co., Ltd., E405-70B
  • MIBK isobutyl ketone
  • Glass microspheres with an average diameter of 57 ⁇ m and a refractive index of 2.2 (produced by Enxi (Hangzhou) Chemical Co., Ltd., NB-34S) were attached to the holding layer, and the glass microspheres were buried in the holding layer after heat treatment. At this time, the cross section of the holding layer was observed by a microscope, and it was observed that about 75% of the diameter of the glass microspheres was buried in the holding layer.
  • Focusing layer The top of the holding layer and the glass microspheres, coated with 100 parts by weight of acrylic resin (Enzyme (Hangzhou) Chemical Co., Ltd., RS-5000), melamine bridging agent (produced by Cytec Industries, Japan, MYCOAT715) 3.1 parts by mass and 26.8 parts by mass of ethyl acetate were stirred and mixed, and after drying, a focusing layer having an average thickness of 19 ⁇ m was formed on the holding layer and the glass microspheres.
  • acrylic resin Enzyme (Hangzhou) Chemical Co., Ltd., RS-5000
  • melamine bridging agent produced by Cytec Industries, Japan, MYCOAT715
  • vacuum evaporation of aluminum is performed on the upper surface of the focusing layer to form a light reflecting layer on the focusing layer.
  • a release paper (produced by Lintec Co., Ltd., EN11 PCM (31) P) was used, and 100 parts by mass of acrylic resin (produced by Enxi (Hangzhou) Chemical Co., Ltd., PE-121E) was applied to the release paper. 6.9 parts by mass of a coloring agent (produced by Shanghai DIC Ink Co., Ltd., DAD-100), an isocyanate bridging agent (produced by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd., CORONATE: L), 1.0 part by mass, and 17.5 parts by mass of ethyl acetate were mixed and stirred. After the solution was dried, an adhesive layer having a thickness of about 40 ⁇ m was formed on the release paper.
  • a coloring agent produced by Shanghai DIC Ink Co., Ltd., DAD-100
  • an isocyanate bridging agent produced by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd., CORONATE: L
  • the process substrate of the retroreflective sheeting is peeled off to obtain an adhesive.
  • the obtained retroreflective sheeting had an elongation of 140%.
  • Example 2 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 the mass ratio between the acrylic polymer solution I of Example 1 and the acrylic polymer solution II, the addition amount of the bridging agent, and bridging were carried out.
  • the type of the agent, the thickness of the surface protective layer, and the gel fraction were adjusted as shown in the following Table 1. Except for the variations shown in Table 1, the retroreflective sheeting was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • the protective layer of the retroreflective sheeting in the embodiment comprises an acrylic polymer, that is, the acrylic polymer I solution and the acrylic polymer II solution are replaced by using 100 parts by mass of the acrylic polymer III, IV, V solution, respectively. 100 parts by mass of the solution was mixed while adjusting the glass transition temperature Tg.
  • a retroreflective sheeting was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
  • the preparation method of the acrylic polymer solution is as follows:
  • ethyl acetate 100 parts by mass of ethyl acetate, 47.6 parts by mass of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 45.4 parts by mass of ethyl acrylate (EA), and methyl group were added to a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a sequential dropping device. 7 parts by mass of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2HEMA), the temperature in the reaction vessel was raised while stirring until reflux was generated.
  • 2HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
  • a solution of 0.2 parts by mass of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) dissolved in 30 parts by mass of ethyl acetate was used as a polymerization initiator, and the solution was added dropwise to the original solution over 250 minutes.
  • the reaction was further carried out for 120 minutes.
  • the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate to a solid content (solid content refers to the amount of residue after removal of a volatile component such as a solvent from the acrylic polymer solution) to 35% by mass to obtain an acrylic polymer solution.
  • the acrylic polymer of Example 12 had a Tg of 27.1 ° C and a weight average molecular weight of 200,000.
  • the surface protective layer of the retroreflective sheeting of Example 1 was the same as in Example 1 except that a polyvinyl chloride resin film (manufactured by Japan CARBIDE Co., Ltd., N-15, thickness: 40 ⁇ m) having a process substrate was used. Under the conditions, a retroreflective sheeting was produced in which the polyvinyl chloride resin had a Tg of 80 ° C and a weight average molecular weight of 60,000.
  • Example 2 The same conditions as in Example 1 were carried out except that the surface protective layer for the retroreflective sheeting of Example 1 was a double-sided adhesive processing PET (Foshan DuPont Hongji Film Co., Ltd., F-8202, thickness 38 ⁇ m). A retroreflective sheeting was produced in which the Tg of PET was 82 °C.
  • the retroreflective sheetings of the above examples and comparative examples were evaluated for weather resistance, embossing resistance, blocking resistance, and printability by the same evaluation method.
  • the evaluation results reached grades A, B, and C the actual use was There is no problem, the specific method of evaluation is as follows:
  • the ATLUS company produced a Xenon lamp type accelerated weathering tester (Ci65A), which was attached to a 75 mm ⁇ 70 mm, 1 mm thick aluminum substrate at a wavelength of 300 nm to 800 nm, an irradiation intensity of 550 W/m 2 , and a black panel temperature of 63 ° C.
  • the retroreflective sheet of Example 1 was subjected to a 3300 hour accelerated aging test.
  • the hue after the test was compared with the hue before the accelerated aging test, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
  • the hue was measured according to the JIS Z 9117 (2011) standard using a color difference meter (ModelSE-2000) manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Co., Ltd.
  • A: ⁇ E is 2 or less.
  • ⁇ E is 2 or more and 4 or less.
  • ⁇ E is 4 or more and 7 or less.
  • Example 1 The retroreflective sheeting of Example 1 was applied to an aluminum alloy plate having a thickness of 1 mm, and after curing at room temperature for 24 hours, embossing dies of different heights were used in an environment of 10 ° C, and the press was performed from 0.75 mm to 3.00 mm. The embossing of 0.25mm. The maximum embossing height without cracking or peeling was determined by this method and evaluated according to the following criteria.
  • the height of the embossing mold is 2.25 mm or more.
  • the height of the embossing mold is 2.00 mm.
  • the height of the embossing mold is 1.75 mm.
  • the height of the embossing mold is 1.75 mm or less.
  • the area ratio of the adhesion marks is 5% or less of the entire sheet.
  • the area ratio of the adhesion trace is 5% or more and 15% or less of the entire sheet.
  • the area ratio of the adhesion trace is 15% or more and 30% or less of the entire sheet.
  • the area ratio of the adhesion trace is 30% or more and 50% or less of the entire sheet.
  • E The area ratio of the adhesion trace is 50% or more of the entire sheet.
  • a predetermined image was printed on the surface of the retroreflective sheeting of Example 1 using a solvent-based inkjet printer (manufactured by ROLAND Co., Ltd., Versa CAMM540i), and the appearance of the image printed on the surface of the sheet was observed.
  • the printability evaluation was carried out in accordance with the following criteria regarding the appearance of the printed image (rejection of ink, ink color development, ink diffusion, and ink penetration).
  • A The appearance is very beautiful.
  • Bridging agent A-adduct type isocyanate bridging agent (Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd., E405-70B)
  • Bridging agent B - isocyanate bridging agent (Bayer, N-75)
  • the retroreflective sheeting having the above weather resistance, embossing resistance and adhesion resistance is bonded to the metal sheet 10, and an identifiable marking printed matter 9 is provided on the retroreflective sheeting, and then formed by embossing.
  • the indicator portion of the retroreflective sheeting is formed to form a license plate having good weather resistance.

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Abstract

一种逆反射片，包括表面保护层，所述的表面保护层包括至少一种丙烯酸类聚合物，所述的聚合物经反应后的生成物的玻璃化转变温度Tg为10℃～35℃，凝胶率为0％～95％，该逆反射片具有良好的耐候性、低温耐压花性、抗粘接性，还公开了一种由逆反射片组成的车牌。

Description

一种逆反射片及车牌 技术领域
本发明涉及一种反光材料-逆反射片，同时涉及应用该逆反射片的车牌。
背景技术
目前，逆反射产品已广泛应用于作为道路标识、工程标识等标识类，汽车或摩托车等车辆的车牌类，衣物、救生器具等安全材料类，广告牌等标志等，目前已经开发的逆反射产品包括珠型和棱柱型(如立方角)的逆反射产品，该产品可以在一些苛刻的环境中增加安全，如极端的温度条件、能见度小的时候、大气污染以及日光中的红外、可见、紫外幅射引起的光化反应，逆反射产品在此种条件下具有很高的辨识性。
逆反射产品在车牌中使用范围最广，车辆等的车牌一般情况下是将带有粘接剂的逆反射片粘贴到铝合金板等基材上，标示部经凸形花纹成型后，用辊涂法或热烫印法在标示部上进行印刷而制造出来的。
Petra等人在专利文献EP1225554A1中公开的逆反射片在断裂时的伸长率实质上为40％以上，但在公开的实施例中，却只使用了氯乙烯树脂，虽然该逆反射片的柔软性高，可满足加工要求，但由于氯乙烯树脂、聚氨酯树脂等树脂在耐候性、耐久性方面比较欠缺，而车牌、道路标识牌、工程标识牌等标识类牌照由于在室外使用的时间长，要求其具有优异的耐候性，因此，此类树脂不适合道路标识、工程标识等标识类，汽车或摩托车等车辆的车牌等需要耐久性的用途。
另外，中泽广树等人在专利文献CN200680004431.9中公开了一种逆反射片，该反射片的表面层采用丙烯酸酯类树脂、醇酸树脂和聚酯树脂、丁醛树脂，并且也提到该类树脂有利于改善逆反射片的耐候性，并且实施例中也提到了采用的丙烯酸酯类树脂为丙烯酸丁酯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸三种树脂的共聚物，但并没有在实施例中具体说明是否真正具有改善效果，同时也没有对其耐候性的改善情况进行分析对比，另外，虽然丙烯酸类树脂有助于提高逆反射片的耐候性，但硬度比较高，柔软性差，所以在制造车牌的凸形花纹成型的过程中，会出现逆反射片开裂等情况，使得该树脂难以用于车牌的制造。
因此，亟需一种能够满足耐候性要求，又能满足加工要求的逆反射片以及该逆反射片和应用该逆反射片的车牌的制造方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之缺陷，提供一种具有优异的耐候性、在低温环境下也具有良好耐压花性的逆反射片，同时还提供了一种应用该逆反射片的车牌。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种逆反射片，包括最外层的保护层，其特征在于：所述的表面保护层包括至少一种丙烯酸类聚合物，所述的保护层的丙烯酸类聚合物经反应后的生成物的玻璃化转变温度Tg为10℃～35℃，凝胶率为0％～95％。
所述的表面保护层包括至少两种丙烯酸类聚合物，其中一种的玻璃化转变温度Tg超过35℃或玻璃化转变温度Tg低于10℃；或者其中一种的玻璃化转变温度Tg超过35℃，另一 种的玻璃化转变温度Tg低于10℃。
进一步优选，所述的表面保护层的凝胶率为10％～80％，聚合物经反应后的生成物的玻璃化转变温度Tg为21℃～35℃。
所述的丙烯酸类聚合物具有羟基或羧基单体衍生的构成单元，所述的丙烯酸类聚合物通过异氰酸酯类架桥剂、环氧树脂类架桥剂、三聚氰胺架桥剂、金属螯合物架桥剂中至少一种进行交联，其中进一步优选异氰酸酯类架桥剂。
所述的丙烯酸类聚合物为丙烯酸烷基酯单体均聚物，或为羟基单体、羧基单体、氨基单体及环氧树脂系单体中的至少1种与丙烯酸烷基酯单体的共聚物。
进一步优选，所述的丙烯酸烷基酯单体选自丙烯酸甲酯，丙烯酸乙酯，丙烯酸正丙酯，丙烯酸异丙酯，丙烯酸正丁酯，丙烯酸叔丁酯，丙烯酸异丁酯，丙烯酸正己酯，丙烯酸环己酯，2-乙酯己基丙烯酸酯，丙烯酸正辛酯，丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯，甲基丙烯酸乙酯，甲基丙烯酸正丙酯，甲基丙烯酸异丙酯，甲基丙烯酸正丁酯，甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯，甲基丙烯酸异丁酯，甲基丙烯酸正己酯，甲基丙烯酸环己酯，2-乙酯己基甲基丙烯酸酯，甲基丙烯酸正辛酯，甲基丙烯酸异辛酯中的至少一种。
进一步优选，所述的羟基单体为丙烯酸羟烷基酯或含有丙烯醇、甲基烯丙醇、聚乙二醇单丙烯酸酯的羟基单体，所述的丙烯酸羟烷基酯选自丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟丁酯中的一种。
所述的丙烯酸类聚合物为重均分子量3万以上的聚合物，所述的丙烯酸烷基酯单体的碳原子数为3～12个，进一步优选为含有4～6个碳原子。
所述的逆反射片的表面保护层下还包括由上至下依次层压而成的保持层、聚焦层、光线反射层，所述的表面保护层和保持层之间还设置有玻璃微珠，所述的玻璃微珠分别嵌入表面保护层和保持层，所述的表面保护层的厚度大于玻璃微珠直径长度的75％。
所述的丙烯酸类聚合物为甲基丙烯酸类聚合物。
一种逆反射片的车牌，还包括与逆反射片贴合的金属板，所述的金属板和逆反射片通过压花加工形成凸出于逆反射片一端的标示部。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明通过采用由丙烯酸类聚合物组成的化合物作为逆反射片的保护层，并且通过调整化合物的凝胶率和玻璃化温度，从而使其具有良好的耐候性和柔软性，其中，耐候性通过色差对比，色差小，耐候效果显著，而柔软性通过低温耐压花性评价，其压花深度基本大于2.00mm，甚至大于2.25mm，可满足加工要求，另外通过抗粘连性评价和印刷性评价，其粘连痕迹的面积率大多处于片材整体的5％以下，而印刷性也满足基本要求。
本发明的逆反射片制造方法简单，设备投入小，并且用于逆反射片的丙烯酸类树脂成本低廉，可满足大规模的工业应用，适合大范围推广，而采用发明的逆反射片的车牌只需通过压花加工形成标示部，加工过程不会产生开裂，稳定性高。
附图说明
图1为逆反射片的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例压花加工标示部示意图。
图中，1-表面保护层、2-印刷层、3-保持层、4-玻璃微球、5-聚焦层、6-光线反射层、7-粘接剂层、8-剥离基材、9-标示印刷物、10-金属板。
具体实施方式：
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明中，丙烯酸类聚合物包括甲基丙烯酸类聚合物。
本发明所述的逆反射片为密封透镜型逆反射片、胶囊透镜型逆反射片、及棱镜型反射片等逆反射片中的任一种。
如图1所示，一种逆反射片，包括依次层压的表面保护层1、保持层3、聚焦层5、光线反射层6，所述的保持层3和聚焦层5之间还设置有玻璃微球4。另外，表面保护层1和保持层3之间还可以设置一层印刷层2，主要用于对逆反射片进行着色，其着色材料为墨水，另外，还可以根据需要在光线反射层的下方设置有粘接剂层7，从而将逆反射片粘贴到各种基材上，而粘接剂层下方还可设置剥离基材，可对粘接剂层7起到保护作用。
逆反射片的表面保护层包括至少一种丙烯酸类聚合物，当表面保护层包括一种丙烯酸类聚合物时，该聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg为10℃～35℃，此时逆反射片可以维持优异的耐候性、抗粘连性，而凝胶率为0％～95％，可以提高其柔软性，使其在低温环境下也能具有优异的耐压花性；而表面保护层包括两种以上丙烯酸类聚合物时，其中的聚合物至少含有玻璃化转变温度Tg超过35℃或玻璃化转变温度Tg低于10℃中的一种，通过该方法可以容易地调整反应后合成物的整体的Tg。
如果包括一种丙烯酸类聚合物的聚合物Tg和包括两种丙烯酸类聚合物反应而成的生成物的Tg均在10℃以下，逆反射片的耐候性、成膜性能及抗粘连性会降低，而Tg超过35℃，则逆反射片的成膜性能及耐压花性也会降低。
而通过两种聚合物反应而成的生成物的玻璃化转变温度Tg为10℃～35℃，此时逆反射片也可以维持优异的耐候性、抗粘连性，而凝胶率为0％～95％，也同样可以提高其柔软性，使其在低温环境下也能具有优异的耐压花性。
上述包括一种丙烯酸类聚合物或包括两种丙烯酸类聚合物中所提到的玻璃化转变温度Tg都是按照以下计算求得的摩尔平均玻璃化转变温度(mol/Tg)。
下式中的Tg1，Tg2，·····及Tgn，是单体成分1，单体成分2，·····及单体成分n各自的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度，它们均换算成绝对温度(K)进行计算。m1，m2，·····及mn是各单体成分的摩尔分率。
由两种以上丙烯酸类聚合物构成的合成物的Tg，是利用合成物中所含所有单体成分的摩尔分率计算出来的。即，如第一种丙烯酸类聚合物与第二种丙烯酸类聚合物中含有相同的单体成分时，以相同单体成分的合计值作为各自单体成分的摩尔分率。
玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的计算公式
Figure PCTCN2015078289-appb-000001
上述使用的“均聚物的玻璃化转变温度”，应用的是L·E·尼尔森著、小野木宣治译的《高分子的力学性质》中第11页～35页中记载的单体的玻璃化转变温度。
凝胶率的计算方法：
将7.5cm×7.5cm的表面保护层片用280目的丝网包住作为测试样品。对样品的质量进行称重，称完后，将样品在23℃环境下在乙酸乙酯(EAC)中浸泡72小时。浸泡后，从乙酸乙酯中取出样品，洗掉乙酸乙酯，洗净后在120℃下干燥24小时。干燥后对样品进行称重，通过乙酸乙酯浸泡前后样品的质量的变化，计算出凝胶率(质量％)。
上述的耐压花性是指在制造车牌中进行凸形花纹成型等加工后，逆反射片的耐破裂性能；抗粘连性是指逆反射片处于卷状，或裁断的片形处于叠压的状态，或贴有裁断片形的铝合金板等物品处于叠压的状态时，在逆反射片上施加有载荷的状态下保管时(特别是在高温环境下保管时)，片材表面会与别的片材不会发生粘连，片材表面也不会发生外观不良。
本发明的表面保护层不仅仅局限于只有1层，还可以是2层以上。如果是2层以上时，第1层与第2层可以使用不同的材质，位于最表面的层最好具有优异的耐候性及印刷性，位于内部(比最表层处于内侧的层)的层最好具有优异的柔软性。
本发明所述的组成表面保护层的聚合物可以是丙烯酸烷基酯单体的均聚物，也可以是羟基单体、羧基单体、氨基单体及环氧树脂系单体中的至少1种以上与丙烯酸烷基酯单体的共聚物，而聚合物的重均分子量为3万以上，优选重均分子量为10万～60万的聚合物，进一步优选重均分子量为20万～40万的聚合物，重均分子量可以通过众所周知的凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)等测量仪器进行测量。
所述的丙烯酸烷基酯单体的碳原子数为3～12个，进一步优选为含有4～6个碳原子。其中，丙烯酸烷基酯单体选自所述的丙烯酸烷基酯单体选自丙烯酸甲酯，丙烯酸乙酯，丙烯酸正丙酯，丙烯酸异丙酯，丙烯酸正丁酯，丙烯酸叔丁酯，丙烯酸异丁酯，丙烯酸正己酯，丙烯酸环己酯，2-乙酯己基丙烯酸酯，丙烯酸正辛酯，丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯，甲基丙烯酸乙酯，甲基丙烯酸正丙酯，甲基丙烯酸异丙酯，甲基丙烯酸正丁酯，甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯，甲基丙烯酸异丁酯，甲基丙烯酸正己酯，甲基丙烯酸环己酯，2-乙酯己基甲基丙烯酸酯，甲基丙烯酸正辛酯，甲基丙烯酸异辛酯中的一种。
所述的羟基单体为含有羟基的可聚合的双键化合物，进一步，所述的羟基单体为丙烯酸羟烷基酯，再进一步，所述的丙烯酸羟烷基酯选自丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟丁酯，含有丙烯醇、甲基烯丙醇、聚乙二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯等的羟基单体。
所述的羧基单体为内含有羧基的可聚合的双键化合物，进一步，所述的羧基单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、衣康酸、戊烯二酸、柠康酸。
所述的氨基单体为包含有酰胺基的单体，进一步，所述氨基单体选自丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、二丙酮丙烯酰胺、二丙酮甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺中的一种。
所述的环氧树脂单体选自丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、甲基烯丙基缩水甘油醚中的一种。
进一步，考虑到本发明的耐候性及抗粘结性要求，本发明采用的丙烯酸类聚合物最好是含有丙烯酸烷基酯单体衍生的构成单元与羟基或羧基单体衍生的构成单元的共聚物，进一步优选含有碳原子数4～6丙烯酸烷基酯单体衍生的构成单元与羟基单体衍生的构成单元的共聚物。
逆反射片的保护层中除了丙烯酸类聚合物外，还可包含架桥剂，即表面保护层可以是具有由丙烯酸类聚合物与架桥剂反应形成的交联结构，也可以是非交联结构，当表面保护层中包括有架桥剂时，优选含有羟基单体或羧基单体衍生的构成单元的丙烯酸类聚合物。
所述的保护层中的架桥剂选自异氰酸酯类架桥剂、环氧树脂类架桥剂、三聚氰胺架桥剂、金属螯合物架桥剂中至少一种，考虑到所能得到的逆反射片的耐候性、耐压花性及印刷性，优选异氰酸酯类架桥剂。
而除了添加架桥剂外，根据需要，表面保护层还可以添加着色剂、紫外线吸收剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、可塑剂等助剂。其中，所述的紫外线吸收剂选自苯并三唑类、氰基丙烯酸酯类、二苯甲酮类、苯甲酸类、水杨酸类及三嗪类化合物中至少一种，优选二苯甲酮类、苯并三唑类、氰基丙烯酸酯类化合物，所述的紫外线吸收剂的添加量为表面保护层化合物质量分数的0.1％～10.0％。
本发明中的表面保护层的延伸率要在50％以上，达到75％以上比较好，达到100％以上则更好。表面保护层的延伸率，是在使用岛津株式会社生产的拉伸试验机AGS-J，温度23℃、湿度50％环境下，在拉伸速度300mm/min、样品宽度25mm、样品握持间距100mm的条件下测量得到的值。而为了进一步提高逆反射片的柔软性及耐压花性，将表面保护层的厚度设置为玻璃微珠粒子直径长度的75％以上。
在逆反射片中，保持层层压于表面保护层下方，用于固定玻璃微球，玻璃微球部分埋在保持层中，一部分埋于聚焦层中，保持层使用丙烯酸树脂、醇酸树脂、氟树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂、聚酯纤维、聚氨酯树脂或聚碳酸酯中至少一种树脂，进一步，优选丙烯酸树脂、聚酯纤维、聚氯乙烯树脂中至少一种，考虑到涂装适应性及玻璃微珠保持性等因素的话，则丙烯酸树脂最为合适。另外，保持层的厚度为15μm～50μm，保持层使用的树脂的重均分子量为5万以上，优选重均分子量为5万～40万的树脂，进一步优选重均分子量为10万～30万的树脂。保持层中除了使用树脂外，还可以添加着色剂、紫外线吸收剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂或可塑剂。
而位于保持层中的玻璃微球的直径为40μm～65μm，优选直径为50μm～65μm的玻璃微球，玻璃微珠的粒子直径在65μm以下时，可以保持合适的焦距，而粒子直径在40μm以上时，可以进一步提高密封镜头型逆反射片的反射性能。另外，玻璃微球的折光率为1.9～2.5，优选折光率为2.0～2.3的玻璃微球，玻璃微珠的折光率在1.9以上时，可以保持合适的焦距；而折光率在2.5以下时，玻璃微珠的透明度比较好。进一步，所述的玻璃微球的埋设率大于20％，优选50％～90％，进一步优选70％～80％。
聚焦层层压于保持层下，用于盖住保持层中玻璃微珠突出的部分，聚焦层是在光线反射层上配置玻璃微珠焦点位置的层，一般选自丙烯酸树脂、醇酸树脂、氟树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂、聚酯纤维、聚氨酯树脂、聚碳酸酯、缩丁醛树脂中的至少一种，所述的树脂重均分子量为10万～40万，进一步优选重均分子量15万～30万的树脂。
光线反射层是反射光线的层，通常是使用铝、银、铬、镍、镁、金、锡等金属，利用真空蒸镀法、溅射法等方法形成的，但如果要均匀地形成反映聚焦层形状的金属薄膜，则蒸镀法比较理想，光线反射层的厚度为0.03μm～0.30μm，优选0.05μm～0.20μm，进一步优选0.06μm～0.15μm。
逆反射片上还可以设置粘接剂层用于将改逆反射片粘接在铝合金板等基材上，形成粘接剂层的树脂种类没有特别的限定，可以使用通常作为粘接剂使用的树脂。作为粘接剂用的树脂，可以使用如丙烯酸树脂、硅树脂及苯酚树脂等。这其中耐候性优异，且具有良好粘结性的丙烯酸树脂或硅树脂更加适合使用。而考虑到粘接性，粘接剂层采用重均分子量为50万以上的粘接剂用树脂，优选重均分子量为50万～120万的粘接剂用树脂，进一步优选重均分子量60万～100万的粘接剂用树脂。
上述所述的丙烯酸类聚合物涵盖了甲基丙烯酸类聚合物，其中，甲基丙烯酸类聚合物指其中包含有甲基丙烯酸构成单元。
下述实施例将以包含表面保护层、保持层、玻璃微珠、聚焦层、光线反射层、粘接剂层以及剥离基材的逆反射片为例进行说明。
下述实施例中所采用的丙烯酸类聚合物包括以下几种：
丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅰ(质量比)：57％MMA+36％EA+7％2HEMA
丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅱ(质量比)：21％MMA+65％EA+14％2HEMA
丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅲ(质量比)：47.6％MMA+45.4％EA+7％2HEMA
丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅳ(质量比)：53.4％MMA+39.6％EA+7％2HEMA
丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅴ(质量比)：33.4％MMA+59.6％EA+7％2HEMA
其中，MMA—甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Tg103℃)
EA—丙烯酸乙酯(Tg-27℃)
2HEMA—甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(Tg55℃)
实施例1：
逆反射片的保护层包括两种丙烯酸类聚合物，其涂装溶液的配方按质量份配比如下：
丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅰ(恩希爱(杭州)化工有限公司出品，RS-1400，Tg＝40℃，重均分子量＝28万)：70质量份
丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅱ(恩希爱(杭州)化工有限公司出品，RS-1200，Tg＝2.7℃，重均分子量＝24万)：30质量份
异氰酸酯类架桥剂(旭化成化学制品株式会社出品，E405-70B)：0.7质量份(0.2当量)
纤维素衍生物(株式会社TOKUSHIKI出品，CAB)：6质量份
甲苯：21质量份
将上述不同质量份的物质搅拌混合后，即为保护层涂装溶液，该溶液Tg约为21℃，重均分子量为25万。
逆反射片的制作：
表面保护层：工艺基材使用的是透明PET(合肥乐凯科技产业有限公司出品，厚度75μm，HA01830-121)，在透明PET表面涂上上述调制出的保护层用的涂装溶液，加热干燥后，形成厚度约40μm的表面保护层，表面保护层的延伸率为150％。另外还可根据需要在表面保护层上印刷一层印刷层。
保持层：将丙烯酸树脂(恩希爱(杭州)化工有限公司出品，RS-3100)100质量份、异氰酸酯类架桥剂(旭化成化学制品株式会社出品，E405-70B)20质量份以及作为溶剂的甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)42.5质量份混合在一起，并搅拌均匀，接着再将该溶液涂在表面保护层上，经干燥后，在表面保护层的上面形成厚度约30μm的保持层。
玻璃微球铺设：将粒子平均直径57μm、折光率2.2的玻璃微球(恩希爱(杭州)化工有限公司出品，NB-34S)附着到该保持层，经过热处理使玻璃微球埋设到保持层中，此时通过显微镜对保持层的断面进行观察，可以看到玻璃微球直径的约75％埋设在保持层里。
聚焦层：保持层及玻璃微球的上面，涂上由丙烯酸树脂(恩希爱(杭州)化工有限公司出品，RS-5000)100质量份、三聚氰胺架桥剂(日本Cytec Industries株式会社出品，MYCOAT715)3.1质量份以及乙酸乙酯26.8质量份经搅拌混合出的溶液，经干燥后，在保持层及玻璃微球的上面形成平均厚度19μm的聚焦层。
接下来，在聚焦层的上面进行真空蒸镀铝，在聚焦层上形成光线反射层。
作为剥离基材使用的是剥离纸(lintec株式会社出品，EN11PCM(31)P)，在剥离纸上涂上由丙烯酸树脂(恩希爱(杭州)化工有限公司出品，PE-121E)100质量份、着色剂(上海DIC油墨有限公司出品，DAD-100)6.7质量份、异氰酸酯类架桥剂(日本聚氨酯工业株式会社出品，CORONATE：L)1.0质量份以及乙酸乙酯17.5质量份经搅拌混合出的溶液，经干燥后，在剥离纸的上面形成厚度约40μm的粘接剂层。
将按照上述方法制作出的逆反射片的光线反射层与按照上述方法形成的剥离纸上面的粘接剂层贴合到一起后，剥掉逆反射片的工艺基材，得到带有粘接剂层的本发明的逆反射片，所得到的逆反射片的延伸率为140％。
实施例2～实施例11：
实施例2～实施例11，及比较例1～比较例3，对实施例1的丙烯酸类聚合物溶液Ⅰ与丙烯酸类聚合物溶液Ⅱ之间的质量比、架桥剂的添加量及架桥剂种类、表面保护层厚度以及凝胶率按照以下表1所示进行了调整，除了表1中的体现的各项变化外，其他都按照与实施例1相同条件制作出逆反射片。
实施例12～14：
实施例中的逆反射片的保护层包括一种丙烯酸类聚合物，即分别使用丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ溶液100质量份取代了丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅰ溶液与丙烯酸类聚合物Ⅱ溶液的混合溶液100质量份，同时对其玻璃化温度Tg进行调整。
除此之外都按照与实施例1相同条件制作出逆反射片。
丙烯酸类聚合物溶液的配制方法如下所示：
在具有温度计、搅拌机、回流冷却器及依次滴下装置的反应器内，加入乙酸乙酯100质量份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)47.6质量份、丙烯酸乙酯(EA)45.4质量份、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(2HEMA)7质量份，在搅拌的同时使反应容器内的温度升温，直至产生回流。回流开始10分钟后，作为聚合引发剂，采用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)0.2质量份溶解到30质量份乙酸乙酯中的溶液，经250分钟滴入到原溶液中，滴入完毕后再进行120分钟的反应。反应结束后，使用乙酸乙酯稀释到固体含量(固体含量指的是从丙烯酸类聚合物溶液中去除溶剂等挥发性成分后的残渣量。)为35质量％，得到丙烯酸类聚合物溶液。实施例12中的丙烯酸类聚合物的Tg为27.1℃，重均分子量为20万。
比较例4：
除针对实施例1的逆反射片的表面保护层使用了带工艺基材的聚氯乙烯树脂薄膜(日本CARBIDE工业株式会社出品，N-15，厚度40μm)外，其他均按照与实施例1相同条件制作出逆反射片，其中，聚氯乙烯树脂的Tg为80℃，重均分子量为6万。
比较例5：
除针对实施例1的逆反射片的表面保护层使用了双面易粘结处理PET(佛山杜邦鸿基薄膜有限公司出品，F-8202，厚度38μm)外，其他均按照与实施例1相同条件制作出逆反射片，其中PET的Tg为82℃。
上述实施例和比较例中的逆反射片均采用相同的评价方法分别评价其耐候性、耐压花性、抗粘连性及印刷性，评价结果达到等级A、B及C的话，在实际使用上则不存在问题，评价具体方法如下：
耐候性评价
使用ATLUS公司出品氙气灯式加速老化试验机(Ci65A)，在波长300nm～800nm、照射强度550W/m2、黑色面板温度63℃的条件下，对贴在75mm×70mm、厚度1mm铝制基板上的实施例1的逆反射片进行了3300小时加速老化试验。将试验后的色相与加速老化试验前的色相进行比较，并按照以下标准进行了评价。使用日本电色株式会社出品的色差计(ModelSE-2000)，根据JIS Z 9117(2011年)标准对色相进行了测量。
-评价标准-
A：ΔE为2以下。
B：ΔE为2以上～4以下。
C：ΔE为4以上～7以下。
D：ΔE为7以上。
耐压花性评价
在厚度1mm的铝合金板上贴上实施例1的逆反射片，经24小时常温固化后，在10℃环境下使用不同高度的压花模具，在冲压机上进行了从0.75mm至3.00mm毎档0.25mm的压花。按此方法求得不产生破裂或剥离的最大压花高度，并按照以下标准进行了评价。
-评价标准-
A：压花模具的高度为2.25mm以上。
B：压花模具的高度为2.00mm。
C：压花模具的高度为1.75mm。
D：压花模具的高度为1.75mm以下。
抗粘连性评价
将10块切成10cm×10cm的实施例1的逆反射片重叠在一起，在其上下使用铝合金板夹住，再在上面压上2.7kg的重物、在60℃环境下静置24小时后，对逆反射片表面的外观进行确认检查。相对于逆反射片表面的全表面积，求得形成粘连痕迹的面积率(10块的平均值)并按照以下标准进行了评价。
-评价标准-
A：粘连痕迹的面积率在片材整体的5％以下。
B：粘连痕迹的面积率在片材整体的5％以上15％以下。
C：粘连痕迹的面积率在片材整体的15％以上30％以下。
D：粘连痕迹的面积率在片材整体的30％以上50％以下。
E：粘连痕迹的面积率在片材整体的50％以上。
印刷性评价
使用溶剂型喷墨印刷机(ROLAND公司出品，Versa CAMM540i)，在实施例1的逆反射片表面印刷上规定的图像，对片材表面所印刷图像的外观进行了观察。并就所印刷图像的外观(排斥油墨，油墨发色，油墨扩散，油墨渗透)按照以下标准进行了印刷性评价。
-评价标准-
A：外观非常漂亮。
B：图像稍逊色于设定的分辨率。
C：图像边缘稍微可看到油墨渗色。
D：油墨渗透的不均匀，印刷的发色不均匀。
E：排斥油墨不能印刷。
采用上述评价方法对逆反射片的耐候性、耐压花性、抗粘连性及印刷性进行评价，评价结果如下表所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2015078289-appb-000002
以下是针对表1中各记载内容的说明：
架桥剂A—加合物型异氰酸酯类架桥剂(旭化成化学制品株式会社出品，E405-70B)
架桥剂B—异氰酸酯类架桥剂(拜耳公司出品，N-75)
架桥剂C—三聚氰胺架桥剂(株式会社三和化学出品，NC-10)
MMA—甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Tg103℃)
EA—丙烯酸乙酯(Tg-27℃)
2HEMA—甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(Tg55℃)
采用上述耐候性、耐压花性、抗粘接性好的逆反射片，将其与金属板10贴合，并在逆反射片上设置可识别的标示印刷物9，再通过压花加工形成凸出于逆反射片的标示部，从而形成具有良好耐候性的车牌。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种逆反射片，包括最外层的保护层，其特征在于：所述的表面保护层包括至少一种丙烯酸类聚合物，凝胶率为0％～95％，所述的保护层包括至少一种丙烯酸类聚合物经反应后的生成物的玻璃化转变温度Tg为10℃～35℃。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的逆反射片，其特征在于：所述的表面保护层包括至少两种丙烯酸类聚合物，其中一种的玻璃化转变温度Tg超过35℃或玻璃化转变温度Tg低于10℃；或者其中一种的玻璃化转变温度Tg超过35℃，另一种的玻璃化转变温度Tg低于10℃。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的逆反射片，其特征在于：所述的表面保护层的凝胶率为10％～80％。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的逆反射片，其特征在于：所述的丙烯酸类聚合物具有羟基或羧基单体衍生的构成单元，所述的丙烯酸类聚合物通过异氰酸酯类架桥剂进行交联。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的逆反射片，其特征在于：所述的丙烯酸类聚合物为丙烯酸烷基酯单体均聚物，或羟基单体、羧基单体、氨基单体及环氧树脂系单体中的至少1种与丙烯酸烷基酯单体的共聚物。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的逆反射片，其特征在于：所述的丙烯酸烷基酯单体选自丙烯酸甲酯，丙烯酸乙酯，丙烯酸正丙酯，丙烯酸异丙酯，丙烯酸正丁酯，丙烯酸叔丁酯，丙烯酸异丁酯，丙烯酸正己酯，丙烯酸环己酯，2-乙酯己基丙烯酸酯，丙烯酸正辛酯，丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯，甲基丙烯酸乙酯，甲基丙烯酸正丙酯，甲基丙烯酸异丙酯，甲基丙烯酸正丁酯，甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯，甲基丙烯酸异丁酯，甲基丙烯酸正己酯，甲基丙烯酸环己酯，2-乙酯己基甲基丙烯酸酯，甲基丙烯酸正辛酯，甲基丙烯酸异辛酯中的一种。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的逆反射片，其特征在于：所述的羟基单体为丙烯酸羟烷基酯或含有丙烯醇、甲基烯丙醇、聚乙二醇单丙烯酸酯的羟基单体，所述的丙烯酸羟烷基酯选自丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟丁酯中的一种。
  8. 根据权利要求5～7中任一项所述的逆反射片，其特征在于：所述的丙烯酸类聚合物为重均分子量3万以上的聚合物，所述的丙烯酸烷基酯单体的碳原子数为3～12个。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的逆反射片，其特征在于：所述的逆反射片的表面保护层下还包括由上至下依次层压而成的保持层、聚焦层、光线反射层，所述的表面保护层和保持层之间还设置有玻璃微珠，所述的玻璃微珠分别嵌入表面保护层和保持层，所述的表面保护层的厚度大于玻璃微珠直径长度的75％。
  10. 一种包含权利要求8所述的逆反射片的车牌，其特征在于：还包括与逆反射片贴合的金属板，所述的金属板和逆反射片通过压花加工形成凸出于逆反射片一端的标示部。
PCT/CN2015/078289 2015-05-05 2015-05-05 一种逆反射片及车牌 WO2016176829A1 (zh)

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