WO2016157819A1 - 光回路、およびそれを用いた光スイッチ - Google Patents
光回路、およびそれを用いた光スイッチ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016157819A1 WO2016157819A1 PCT/JP2016/001630 JP2016001630W WO2016157819A1 WO 2016157819 A1 WO2016157819 A1 WO 2016157819A1 JP 2016001630 W JP2016001630 W JP 2016001630W WO 2016157819 A1 WO2016157819 A1 WO 2016157819A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
- G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/3136—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure of interferometric switch type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
- G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/3137—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure with intersecting or branching waveguides, e.g. X-switches and Y-junctions
- G02F1/3138—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure with intersecting or branching waveguides, e.g. X-switches and Y-junctions the optical waveguides being made of semiconducting materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/3542—Non-blocking switch, e.g. with multiple potential paths between multiple inputs and outputs, the establishment of one switching path not preventing the establishment of further switching paths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
- G02B6/3546—NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3596—With planar waveguide arrangement, i.e. in a substrate, regardless if actuating mechanism is outside the substrate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
- G02F1/311—Cascade arrangement of plural switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/04—Function characteristic wavelength independent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0035—Construction using miscellaneous components, e.g. circulator, polarisation, acousto/thermo optical
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/1301—Optical transmission, optical switches
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical circuit and an optical switch using the same, and more particularly to an optical circuit using a Mach-Zehnder type element and an optical switch using the same.
- An optical fiber communication system is required to have a configuration capable of responding to demands such as prompt provision of new services, prompt response to unexpected traffic fluctuations, and efficient high-speed failure recovery in the optical layer.
- a function that can flexibly set an optical path specified by a wavelength or fiber.
- various optical circuits such as optical switches are required, and active development of optical circuits integrating various functional elements formed using optical waveguides is actively underway. It has been broken.
- the core and clad are made of quartz
- the development of silicon optical waveguides with a larger refractive index difference by making the core made of silicon and the clad made of quartz has become active. .
- Patent Document 1 An example of an optical circuit using such an optical waveguide is described in Patent Document 1.
- the optical switch described in Patent Literature 1 includes two 2 ⁇ 2 type directional couplers, and a Mach-Mach that includes two arm waveguides, a short arm side waveguide and a long arm side waveguide that connect the two 2 ⁇ 2 type directional couplers.
- a basic configuration is a Zehnder interferometer (MZI).
- MZI Zehnder interferometer
- At least one of the connected waveguides is equipped with a phase shifter that changes the phase of the guided light by changing the refractive index of the waveguide.
- An optical path length difference corresponding to a half wavelength of the operating wavelength is provided in the length of the two coupled waveguides.
- the signal light input from one of the 2 ⁇ 2 type directional couplers is guided to the bar path by the interference principle when the phase shifter is not operating.
- a phase shift amount ⁇ corresponding to a half wavelength is generated in the phase shifter to cancel the optical path length difference, the phase shifter is guided to the cross path.
- the on / off ratio (transmittance ratio between off and on) of such an optical switch is theoretically infinite, but in fact, in the manufactured optical switch, manufacturing imperfections such as phase error, polarization conversion, etc. Due to scattered light, etc., it will not be infinite. Therefore, Patent Document 1 uses a double Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration in which two switch elements are cascade-connected to obtain a high OnOff ratio.
- MZI Mach-Zehnder interferometer
- This double MZI optical switch is a path (On path) from an input port to an output port, and includes a two-stage MZI including a front-stage MZI switch element and a rear-stage MZI switch element each having a short-side waveguide and a long-side waveguide.
- the connection configuration is such that it passes through the switch element.
- the leakage light from the first-stage element is blocked by the second-stage element in the On path, so that an OnOff ratio of approximately double in decibel notation can be obtained compared to a single-element switch. It is done.
- the upper stage MZI switch has a short side waveguide on the upper side and the lower side has a long side waveguide
- the rear stage MZI switch has a long side waveguide on the upper side and the lower side has a short side guide. Waves are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line at the front stage / back stage.
- a directional coupler or multimode interferometer (Multi Mode Interferometer: MMI) is used for the 2 ⁇ 2 type as a branching / merging device constituting the Mach-Zehnder type element, and an MMI or Y branch is used for the 1 ⁇ 2 type. It is done.
- MMI Multi Mode Interferometer
- the 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device used in the optical switch described in Patent Document 1 exhibits a greater wavelength dependency than the 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device.
- the wavelength dependence is further increased in a structure having strong light confinement and a small size such as a silicon optical waveguide. For this reason, when characteristics with small wavelength dependency are required, it is desirable to use a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device.
- the optical waveguide device described in Patent Document 2 has a Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator.
- This Mach-Zehnder optical modulator has a 1 ⁇ 2 type optical demultiplexing unit that demultiplexes one input light into two output lights, and a 1 ⁇ 2 type that combines two input lights into one output light.
- An optical multiplexing unit and an optical modulation unit are provided. One output light of the optical demultiplexing unit is input to the optical multiplexing unit via the waveguide having the optical modulation unit, and the other output light of the optical demultiplexing unit is optically coupled via the waveguide having no optical modulation unit.
- the light modulation unit is a phase modulator, and when light propagated through the light modulation unit and light propagated through the light modulation unit are injected into the optical multiplexing unit with a predetermined phase difference The light combined by the optical combining unit is modulated according to the phase difference.
- the integration degree of the optical circuit is improved by using the silicon optical waveguide, the size of each element constituting the optical circuit and the arrangement interval thereof are also reduced. Therefore, in order to obtain a high on / off ratio in the optical switch, it is important to design so that a high light blocking amount can be obtained in the off state.
- the optical path is set to the off state by the first stage Mach-Zehnder type element, and the next stage is still slightly propagated through the optical waveguide and leaks.
- the Mach-Zehnder element further reduces the light intensity.
- the Mach-Zehnder elements in the next stage are arranged at short intervals, in addition to the light propagating in the fundamental mode, the higher-order mode light that cannot propagate in the optical waveguide for a long time is used. As a result, the light blocking amount is deteriorated.
- the amount of light that is radiated from the optical waveguide but remains in the plane on which the optical circuit is formed is likely to be recombined with the next-stage element, so that the light blocking amount is deteriorated.
- a configuration that suppresses the deterioration of the light blocking amount of the optical switch due to such non-propagating light is required.
- a mode capable of mode separation is provided in the optical waveguide device using the 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device described in Patent Document 2 described above.
- the configuration includes a splitter.
- the mode splitter has a main waveguide and a sub-waveguide provided away from the main waveguide, and is provided in the subsequent stage on the output side of the optical multiplexing unit of the Mach-Zehnder optical modulator.
- the output light of an optical multiplexing part is inject
- This configuration eliminates high-order mode light from the output light of the optical multiplexing unit by separating only the high-order mode light from the main waveguide to the sub-waveguide while suppressing the loss of the fundamental mode light. I can do it.
- JP 2009-157114 A paragraphs [0003] to [0005], [0025]
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-041254 paragraphs [0017] to [0019]
- the waveguide on the output side of the optical multiplexing unit is a TE (Transverse Electric) -like basic mode, and TM. (Transverse Magnetic)-Propagate like basic mode.
- TE Transverse Electric
- TM Transverse Magnetic
- higher-order modes in which light spreads greatly on both sides of the waveguide can also propagate in a short section.
- Mach-Zehnder type element using a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side these higher-order modes are likely to occur in the off state, so if the distance to the next-stage element is short, these It is necessary to provide a configuration for attenuating higher order modes.
- the on-off ratio was affected. That is, in the 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging unit, when light enters the branching / merging unit from each of the two port sides, when the phase difference is 0, the light emitted from the one port side is intensified basic mode It propagates through the waveguide. On the other hand, when the phase difference is ⁇ , the light emitted from the 1 port side is weakened and most of the light intensity is radiated to the surroundings. Light propagates through the waveguide in the mode.
- the light in the higher order mode becomes the fundamental mode of the optical waveguide having each end on the 2 port side. They can be coupled with a phase difference ⁇ . Therefore, when two stages of Mach-Zehnder elements are connected at a short interval to obtain a high light blocking amount in the off state, it is necessary to suppress the influence of such higher-order modes.
- the optical waveguide device described in Patent Document 2 has a configuration in which a mode splitter including a main waveguide and a sub-waveguide is provided on the output side of the optical multiplexing unit, a certain length of section is required. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to achieve high integration because it is necessary to lengthen the interval between elements.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem that an optical circuit using a Mach-Zehnder type element is difficult to obtain an optical circuit with little wavelength dependency and suitable for high integration. It is an object to provide an optical circuit and an optical switch using the same.
- the optical circuit of the present invention is connected to the first branching waveguide, the first branching / merging device connected to one end of the first branching waveguide, and the other end of the first branching waveguide, A first Mach-Zehnder element having a second branching / merging unit having a branching configuration different from that of the branching / merging unit, a second branching waveguide, and a third connected to one end of the second branching waveguide
- a second Mach-Zehnder type device comprising: a branching / merging device of the second branching waveguide having a branching configuration different from that of the third branching / merging device;
- the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide each include a phase difference adjusting unit, and the second branch merger and the third branch merger include the first branch merger and
- the first Mach-Zehnder has less optical coupling between the two fundamental modes and the higher-order modes that are phase-inverted than the fourth branching / merging device.
- an optical circuit using a Mach-Zehnder element and having a small wavelength dependency and suitable for high integration can be obtained.
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a Mach-Zehnder element included in an optical circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical switch which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical switch which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical switch which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical switch which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical circuit 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical circuit 100 includes a first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 and a second Mach-Zehnder type element 102.
- the first Mach-Zehnder element 101 is connected to the first branching waveguide, the first branching / merging device 105 connected to one end of the first branching waveguide, and the other end of the first branching waveguide.
- a second branching / merging unit 106 having a branching configuration different from that of the first branching / merging unit.
- the second Mach-Zehnder element 102 includes a second branching waveguide, a third branching / merging device 107 connected to one end of the second branching waveguide, and the other end of the second branching waveguide.
- a fourth branching / merging unit 108 having a branching configuration different from that of the third branching / merging unit 107.
- each of the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide includes a phase difference adjusting unit.
- the second branching / merging unit 106 and the third branching / merging unit 107 have two fundamental modes and higher-order modes that are phase-inverted compared to the first branching / merging unit 105 and the fourth branching / merging unit 108.
- the optical coupling is small.
- the first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 and the second Mach-Zehnder type element 102 are connected via a second branching / merging device 106 and a third branching / merging device 107.
- first branching / merging unit 105 and the fourth branching / merging unit 108 are 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging units
- second branching / merging unit 106 and the third branching / merging unit 107 are 2 ⁇ It can be assumed that it is a type 2 branching / merging device.
- optical circuit 100 having such a configuration will be described in more detail.
- the optical circuit 100 includes a first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 and a second Mach-Zehnder type element 102, a port 110 of the first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 and a port of the second Mach-Zehnder type element 102. It is possible to adopt a configuration in which the connection is made via the line 112.
- the first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 includes a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device 105 and a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device 106.
- the second Mach-Zehnder element 102 includes a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device 107 and a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device 108. Light is input from the port 103 connected to the first Mach-Zehnder element 101 and output to the port 104 connected to the second Mach-Zehnder element 102.
- One of the branch waveguides (arms) constituting the first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 and the second Mach-Zehnder type element 102 is provided with heaters 109 and 113 for generating a refractive index change by local heating, respectively. It has been.
- the heaters 109 and 113 constitute phase difference adjusting means.
- optical waveguides of the 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging devices 106 and 107 that connect the first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 and the second Mach-Zehnder type element 102 there are optical waveguides that are not connected to other elements. It is desirable to provide a termination structure.
- FIG. 2 shows the structure of a Mach-Zehnder type element 200 that the first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 and the second Mach-Zehnder type element 102 have in common.
- the Mach-Zehnder element 200 has an optical waveguide formed on a silicon substrate 201, which includes a core 202 using silicon and a clad 203 using quartz.
- the Mach-Zehnder type element 200 includes an input port 207 and output ports 209 and 210.
- the light once branched by the branching / merging unit 211 interferes with the branching / merging unit 212, and both arms (branch waveguides) at that time
- the distribution of the light intensity to the two output ports is determined by the phase difference of the light.
- a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device is used for the branching / merging device 211
- a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device is used for the branching / merging device 212.
- a heater 206 is provided above one arm, and local heating is performed by applying a current to the heater 206 through the electrodes 204 and 205 to cause a change in refractive index accompanying this temperature change.
- the light input from the port 207 is in a state where the phase difference becomes 0 when the light interferes with the port 209 via both arms, and when the light interferes with the port 210.
- the phase difference becomes ⁇ and is in a state of weakening. Accordingly, the optical path from the input port 207 to the output port 209 is turned on, and the optical path from the input port 207 to the output port 210 is turned off.
- the light input from the port 207 weakens with a phase difference of ⁇ when the light interferes with the port 209 via both arms, At the time of interference, the phase difference becomes 0 and is in a state of strengthening each other. Therefore, the optical path from the input port 207 to the output port 210 is turned on, and the optical path from the input port 207 to the output port 209 is turned off.
- the optical circuit 100 shown in FIG. 1 when the optical path from the port 103 to the port 104 is set to the on state, a predetermined current is applied to the heater 109 and the heater 113. On the other hand, when the optical path from the port 103 to the port 104 is set to the off state, no current is applied to the heater 109 and the heater 113.
- the light blocking amount obtained in the off state is important for obtaining a high on / off ratio.
- the light input from the port 103 is branched by the branching / merging unit 105 and then interfered by the branching / merging unit 106. Since the port 110 interferes and weakens with a phase difference of ⁇ , and the port 111 interferes and strengthens with a phase difference of 0, most of the light intensity is directed to the port 111. Further, the light of the fundamental mode leaks to the port 110, and a high order mode is slightly generated. However, since the branching / merging unit 106 is a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging unit, the amount of higher-order mode generated is small. These lights are input to the second Mach-Zehnder element 102 in the next stage through the port 112.
- the fundamental mode that has passed through the port 112 is caused to interfere with the branching / merging unit 108 after being branched by the branching / merging unit 107 of the second Mach-Zehnder type element 102, and at the port 104 to interfere and weaken with a phase difference ⁇ . In addition, it undergoes light attenuation.
- the higher-order mode that has passed through the port 112 is coupled to the fundamental mode of both arms in the branching / merging device 107. At this time, the phase difference between the fundamental modes generated in both arms becomes 0, and the ports 104 connected to the branching / merging device 108 interfere with each other with the phase difference 0 and strengthen each other.
- the branching / merging unit 107 is of a 2 ⁇ 2 type, it is possible to suppress the amount of coupling of the higher order mode incident from the port 112 to the fundamental mode of both arms.
- the optical circuit 100 includes an output-side branching / merging device 106 of the first Mach-Zehnder type element 101 in the first stage and an input side of the second Mach-Zehnder type element 102 in the second stage.
- Each of the branching / merging units 107 is a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging unit.
- the optical circuit 100 since the optical circuit 100 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which the use of the 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device is minimized by using the 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device in combination, a flat wavelength characteristic is obtained in the ON state. It is done.
- an optical circuit using a Mach-Zehnder element and having a small wavelength dependency and suitable for high integration can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration of an optical switch 300 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical switch 300 of this embodiment is a 4 ⁇ 4 type optical switch having four input ports and four output ports.
- the optical switch 300 has a configuration in which input ports 301a to 301d and output ports 302a to 302d are connected by 16 optical path switching units 303a to 303d, 304a to 304d, 305a to 305d, and 306a to 306d.
- each optical path switching unit is configured with two Mach-Zehnder elements as a unit, and has the same configuration as the optical circuit 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the optical path from the port 301a to the port 302c is set to the on state.
- a current for local heating is applied to the heaters provided in the two Mach-Zehnder elements constituting the optical path switching unit 303a.
- the optical signal input from the port 301a passes through the optical path switching unit 303a, then sequentially passes through the optical path switching units 304a, 305b, and 306c, and is guided to the port 302c.
- the optical path from the port 301a to the port 302c is set to the OFF state, no current is applied to the heater included in the Mach-Zehnder element constituting the optical path switching unit 303a. Therefore, the optical signal input from the port 301a passes through two Mach-Zehnder elements in which no current is applied to the heater in the optical path switching unit 303a. Therefore, the light blocking amount in the OFF state in the optical path from the optical path switching unit 303a to 304a is determined by the optical attenuation received by the two Mach-Zehnder elements when passing through the optical path switching unit 303a. .
- the optical path switching unit 303a includes a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the input side, a Mach-Zehnder type element having a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side, and 2 ⁇ on the input side.
- This is a configuration having a second type Mach-Zehnder type element having a type 2 branching / merging device and a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side. Therefore, as in the optical circuit 100 according to the first embodiment, a high light blocking amount can be obtained.
- a high on / off ratio is obtained in the optical path from the port 301a to the port 302c.
- a high on / off ratio can be obtained for the optical paths between other input ports and output ports.
- the optical switch 300 of the present embodiment a high on / off ratio can be obtained.
- an optical circuit having a small wavelength dependency and suitable for high integration is used, an optical switch having a high on / off ratio and a low wavelength dependency can be obtained even in the case of high integration.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration of an optical switch 400 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical switch 400 of this embodiment is a 4 ⁇ 4 type optical switch having four input ports and four output ports.
- the optical switch 400 In the optical switch 400, four input ports 401a to 401d and four output ports 402a to 402d are connected via a selector unit 403, a gate unit 404, and a selector unit 405 each formed of a Mach-Zehnder type element. It is a configuration.
- the connection between the selector units 403 and 405 and the gate unit 404 is a configuration through two Mach-Zehnder elements, and this configuration is the same as the configuration of the optical circuit 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the light blocking amount in the OFF state of the optical path is determined by the amount of light attenuation received by one of the Mach-Zehnder type elements of the selector units 403 and 405 and one of the Mach-Zehnder type elements of the gate unit 404.
- the light blocking amount in the off state of the optical path from the port 401a to the port 402a of the optical switch 400 is determined by the light attenuation amount given by the Mach-Zehnder type element of the gate unit 404 and the Mach-Zehnder type element of the selector unit 405.
- This connection consists of a first stage Mach-Zehnder type device having a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the input side and a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side, and a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the input side, It is composed of a second-stage Mach-Zehnder type element having a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side. Therefore, a high light blocking amount can be obtained. As a result, a high on / off ratio is obtained in the optical path from the port 401a to the port 402a. Similarly, a high on / off ratio can be obtained for the optical paths between other input ports and output ports.
- the optical switch 400 of this embodiment a high on / off ratio can be obtained.
- an optical circuit having a small wavelength dependency and suitable for high integration is used, an optical switch having a high on / off ratio and a low wavelength dependency can be obtained even in the case of high integration.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration of an optical switch 500 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical switch 500 of this embodiment is a 4 ⁇ 4 type optical switch having four input ports and four output ports.
- the optical switch 500 four input ports 501a to 501d and four output ports 502a to 502d are connected via a splitter unit 503, a gate unit 504 composed of a Mach-Zehnder type element, and a selector unit 505. It is a configuration.
- the connection between the gate unit 504 and the selector unit 505 and the connection in the gate unit 504 are configured through two Mach-Zehnder elements, and this configuration is the configuration of the optical circuit 100 according to the first embodiment. It is the same.
- the light blocking amount in the OFF state of the optical path is one of the Mach-Zehnder type elements of the gate unit 504 and one of the Mach-Zehnder type elements of the selector unit 505, or two Mach-Zehnder units of the gate unit 504. It is determined by the amount of light attenuation received by the mold element.
- the light blocking amount in the OFF state of the optical path from the port 501a to 502a of the optical switch 500 is determined by the amount of light attenuation given by the Mach-Zehnder type element of the gate unit 504 and the Mach-Zehnder type element of the selector unit 505.
- This connection consists of a first stage Mach-Zehnder type device having a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the input side and a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side, and a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the input side, It is composed of a second-stage Mach-Zehnder type element having a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side. Therefore, a high light blocking amount can be obtained. As a result, a high on / off ratio is obtained in the optical path from the port 501a to 502a. Similarly, a high on / off ratio can be obtained for the optical paths between other input ports and output ports.
- the optical switch 500 of this embodiment a high on / off ratio can be obtained.
- an optical circuit having a small wavelength dependency and suitable for high integration is used, an optical switch having a high on / off ratio and a low wavelength dependency can be obtained even in the case of high integration.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration of an optical switch 600 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical switch 600 of the present embodiment is a 4 ⁇ 4 type optical switch having four input ports and four output ports.
- the optical switch 600 four input ports 601a to 601d and four output ports 602a to 602d are connected via a splitter unit 603, a gate unit 604 composed of a Mach-Zehnder type element, and a selector unit 605. It is a configuration.
- the connection between the gate unit 604 and the selector unit 605 is a configuration through two Mach-Zehnder type elements, and this configuration is the same as the configuration of the optical circuit 100 according to the first embodiment. That is, the light blocking amount in the OFF state of the optical path is determined by the amount of light attenuation received by one of the Mach-Zehnder type elements of the gate unit 604 and one of the Mach-Zehnder type elements of the selector unit 605.
- the light blocking amount in the off state of the optical path from the port 601a to the port 602a of the optical switch 600 is determined by the light attenuation amount given by the Mach-Zehnder type element of the gate unit 604 and the Mach-Zehnder type element of the selector unit 605.
- This connection consists of a first stage Mach-Zehnder type device having a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the input side and a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side, and a 2 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the input side, It is composed of a second-stage Mach-Zehnder type element having a 1 ⁇ 2 type branching / merging device on the output side. Therefore, a high light blocking amount can be obtained. As a result, a high on / off ratio is obtained in the optical path from the port 601a to the port 602a. Similarly, a high on / off ratio can be obtained for the optical paths between other input ports and output ports.
- the optical switch 500 of this embodiment a high on / off ratio can be obtained.
- an optical circuit having a small wavelength dependency and suitable for high integration is used, an optical switch having a high on / off ratio and a low wavelength dependency can be obtained even in the case of high integration.
- the optical circuit has been described as having a waveguide having silicon as a waveguide core and quartz glass as a cladding.
- the configuration of the waveguide is not limited to this, and a waveguide in which a core and a cladding are formed of quartz glass, a waveguide in which a core and a cladding are formed of a compound semiconductor, and a waveguide in which a core and a cladding are formed of an organic material are used.
- the configuration may be acceptable. That is, the same effect can be obtained regardless of the material constituting the waveguide.
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Abstract
Description
このような光スイッチのOnOff比(Off時とOn時の透過率比)は理論上無限大となるが、実際に、作製される光スイッチでは製造上の不完全性、例えば位相誤差、偏光変換、散乱光などに起因して、無限大にはならない。そのため特許文献1では、高いOnOff比を得るためにスイッチ素子を2個従属接続した2重マッハ・ツェンダ干渉計(MZI)構成を使用している。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る光回路100の構成を示すブロック図である。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態について説明する。
次に、本発明の第4の実施形態について説明する。
次に、本発明の第5の実施形態について説明する。
101 第1のマッハ・ツェンダ型素子
102 第2のマッハ・ツェンダ型素子
103~104、110~112 ポート
105 第1の分岐合流器
106 第2の分岐合流器
107 第3の分岐合流器
108 第4の分岐合流器
109、113 ヒータ
200 マッハ・ツェンダ型素子
201 シリコン基板
202 コア
203 クラッド
204、205 電極
206 ヒータ
207、301a~301d、401a~401d、501a~501d、601a~601d 入力ポート
209、210、302a~302d、402a~402d、502a~502d、602a~602d 出力ポート
211 1×2型分岐合流器
212 2×2型分岐合流器
300、400、500、600 光スイッチ
303a~303d、303a~303d、303a~303d、303a~303d 光経路切替器
403、405、505、605 セレクタ部
404、504、604 ゲート部
503、603 スプリッタ部
Claims (7)
- 第1の分岐導波路と、前記第1の分岐導波路の一端と接続する第1の分岐合流器と、前記第1の分岐導波路の他端と接続し、前記第1の分岐合流器と分岐構成が異なる第2の分岐合流器、とを備えた第1のマッハ・ツェンダ型素子と、
第2の分岐導波路と、前記第2の分岐導波路の一端と接続する第3の分岐合流器と、前記第2の分岐導波路の他端と接続し、前記第3の分岐合流器と分岐構成が異なる第4の分岐合流器、とを備えた第2のマッハ・ツェンダ型素子、とを有し、
前記第1の分岐導波路および前記第2の分岐導波路は、位相差調整手段をそれぞれ備え、
前記第2の分岐合流器および前記第3の分岐合流器は、前記第1の分岐合流器および前記第4の分岐合流器よりも、位相反転した2本の基本モードと高次モードとの光結合が小さく、
前記第1のマッハ・ツェンダ型素子と前記第2のマッハ・ツェンダ型素子が、前記第2の分岐合流器と前記第3の分岐合流器とを介して接続している
光回路。 - 請求項1に記載した光回路において、
前記第1の分岐合流器および前記第4の分岐合流器は、1×2型分岐合流器であり、
前記第2の分岐合流器および前記第3の分岐合流器は、2×2型分岐合流器である
光回路。 - 請求項1または2に記載した光回路において、
前記第1の分岐導波路、前記第2の分岐導波路、前記第1の分岐合流器、前記第2の分岐合流器、前記第3の分岐合流器、および前記第4の分岐合流器をそれぞれ構成する光導波路は、コアの主成分がシリコン材料であり、クラッドの主成分が石英材料であるシリコン光導波路である
光回路。 - 複数の入力ポートと、
複数の出力ポートと、
前記複数の入力ポートと前記複数の出力ポートを接続する複数の光経路切替単位、とを有し、
前記光経路切替単位は、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載した光回路を含む
光スイッチ。 - 複数の入力ポートと、
複数の出力ポートと、
前記複数の入力ポートと前記複数の出力ポートを接続するセレクタ部と、ゲート部、とを有し、
前記セレクタ部と前記ゲート部が、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載した光回路によって接続された
光スイッチ。 - 複数の入力ポートと、
複数の出力ポートと、
前記複数の入力ポートと前記複数の出力ポートを接続するスプリッタ部と、ゲート部と、セレクタ部、とを有し、
前記ゲート部と前記セレクタ部が、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載した光回路によって接続された
光スイッチ。 - 請求項6に記載した光スイッチにおいて、
前記ゲート部が、前記光回路を備える
光スイッチ。
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