WO2012111316A1 - 導波路型光スイッチ - Google Patents
導波路型光スイッチ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012111316A1 WO2012111316A1 PCT/JP2012/000970 JP2012000970W WO2012111316A1 WO 2012111316 A1 WO2012111316 A1 WO 2012111316A1 JP 2012000970 W JP2012000970 W JP 2012000970W WO 2012111316 A1 WO2012111316 A1 WO 2012111316A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
- G02B6/3546—NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3594—Characterised by additional functional means, e.g. means for variably attenuating or branching or means for switching differently polarized beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
- G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/3137—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure with intersecting or branching waveguides, e.g. X-switches and Y-junctions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12145—Switch
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/212—Mach-Zehnder type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0052—Interconnection of switches
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a waveguide-type optical switch used in optical communication or the like, and in particular, a matrix light that is configured by connecting an optical switch and an optical combiner or an optical branching device and has a many-to-one to one-to-many connection function. Regarding switches.
- the present invention also relates to a technique for realizing a circuit configuration in which the number of waveguide crossings is reduced.
- Optical communication technology using an optical fiber as a transmission medium has led to an increase in signal transmission distance, and a large-scale optical communication network has been constructed.
- communication traffic has increased rapidly, and demands for large capacity, high speed, and high functionality for communication networks are increasing.
- it has become possible to increase the transmission capacity between two points by introducing a wavelength multiplexing communication technique for simultaneously transmitting a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths through one transmission line.
- An optical switch connects multiple unit optical switch elements with 1 input and 2 outputs or 2 inputs and 1 output to make 1 input multiple output (or multiple input 1 output), multiple input multiple output, and 2 input 2 output multiple With respect to the number of input / output ports and the connection pattern between the ports, optical switches having various circuit configurations can be manufactured. Among them, a multi-input / multi-output matrix optical switch is widely used as an optical switch for arbitrarily setting a route between a plurality of input / output ports.
- a matrix optical switch capable of many-to-one to one-to-many connection as well as a normal one-to-one connection is desired. That is, a many-to-one connection function that combines different optical signals input to a plurality of input ports and outputs them to one output port of a plurality of output ports, or one input of a plurality of input ports
- a matrix optical switch having a one-to-many connection function for branching an optical signal input to a port and outputting it to a plurality of output ports has been required for constructing a flexible network.
- a configuration as shown in FIG. 1 is known as a configuration of a waveguide optical switch in which a matrix optical switch having such a many-to-one to one-to-many connection function is realized by a waveguide device (non-patent document). Reference 1).
- the matrix optical switch shown in FIG. 1 includes four 1-input 4-output optical switches (combining four 1-input 2-output unit optical switch elements) 111 to 114 and four 4-input 1-output light. It consists of mergers 131-134. Each input of the optical switches 111 to 114 is connected to four external input ports 101 to 104. The outputs of the optical combiners 131 to 134 are connected to external output ports 141 to 144, respectively.
- the four output ports of the optical switch 111 are connected to the input ports of the optical combiners 131 to 134 via the intersection 121, respectively.
- the four output ports of each of the optical switches 112 to 114 are connected to the input ports of the optical combiners 131 to 134 via the intersection 121, respectively.
- the optical combiner is used as an optical distributor as it is, a plurality of optical signals input to one external input port are branched. Can be output to the external output port.
- the conventional matrix optical switch shown in FIG. 1 has a problem that many crossings occur between the optical switch and the optical combiner. That is, at the intersection 121 in FIG. 1, 14 of the 16 waveguides except for the two at the ends intersect to connect the optical switch and the optical combiner.
- the route having the maximum number of intersections is a route from the external input port 101 to the external output port 144 (or a route from the external input port 104 to the external output port 141), and there are nine intersections in the route. Yes.
- the number of intersections increases as the number of external input / output ports of the matrix optical switch increases. That is, when the matrix optical switch as shown in FIG. 1 has N inputs and N outputs, N 2 waveguides are formed at the intersection, and the waveguide with the largest intersection is (N ⁇ 1). ) You will have two intersections.
- Insertion loss and crosstalk occurs at the intersection of waveguides, and optical characteristics deteriorate. Insertion loss and crosstalk can be suppressed to some extent by increasing the crossing angle, but in order to increase the crossing angle, the waveguide must be developed on the substrate, which requires a large space. .
- the present invention solves such problems, and is a matrix optical switch having a many-to-one to one-to-many connection function configured by connecting a unit optical switch element and an optical combiner or an optical branching unit.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide-type optical switch that can be fabricated on a single substrate by reducing the number of crossings.
- the present invention is a waveguide type optical switch in the form of an M-input N-output matrix optical switch (M and N are integers of 3 or more) formed on a single substrate. It is composed of N 1-input N-output optical switches and N M-input 1-output optical combiners.
- the a-th input (a is an integer of 1 to M) of the matrix optical switch is a
- the b-th (b is an integer between 1 and N) of the matrix optical switch is the output of the b-th M-input 1-output optical combiner.
- Each of the optical switches is composed of (N ⁇ 1) 1-input 2-output unit optical switch elements, and each of the optical combiners is composed of (M ⁇ 1) 2 inputs.
- the input of the first unit optical switch element constitutes the input of the optical switch, and one of the outputs of the i-th unit optical switch element (i is an integer of 1 to (N ⁇ 2)) is (i + 1).
- the other of the outputs of the i th unit optical switch element constitutes the i th output of the optical switch, and the (N ⁇ 1) th unit optical switch element
- the two outputs constitute the (N ⁇ 1) -th output and the N-th output of the optical switch.
- the two inputs of the first unit optical combining element are the first of the optical combiner.
- the other of the inputs of the j-th unit optical confluence element is connected to the output, and (j + 1) of the optical confluence
- the output of the (M ⁇ 1) -th unit optical confluence element constitutes the output of the optical combiner, and the p-th optical switch (p is 1 in the optical switches) in the matrix optical switch.
- An integer less than or equal to M) and a q-th optical combiner (q is an integer equal to or greater than 1 and less than or equal to N) among optical combiners are any of the outputs of the p-th optical switch and the q-th optical combiner. If any output of the p-th optical switch is a k-th output (k is an integer not less than 1 and not more than N), any of the q-th optical combiners is connected.
- the combined light power ratio of the two input terminals of the first unit optical combining element in the optical combining device is 1: 1, and the jth (j is 2 or more (M ⁇ 1) or less).
- the combined optical power ratio of the input terminal connected to the input of the optical switch of the unit optical confluence element and the input terminal connected to the other unit optical confluence element is 1: j.
- the present invention is a waveguide type optical switch in the form of an N-input M-output matrix optical switch (M and N are integers of 3 or more) formed on a single substrate. It is composed of M 1-input M-output optical branching units and M N-input 1-output optical switches, and the a-th input (a is an integer of 1 to N) of the matrix optical switch is a The b-th output of the matrix optical switch (b is an integer from 1 to M) is the output of the b-th N-input 1-output optical switch.
- Each of the optical branching units is composed of (M ⁇ 1) 1-input 2-output unit optical branching elements, and each of the optical switches is composed of (N ⁇ 1) 2 inputs.
- the input of the nth unit optical branching element constitutes the input of the optical branching unit, and one of the outputs of the i th unit optical branching element (i is an integer of 1 to (M ⁇ 2)) is (i + 1)
- the other of the outputs of the i-th unit optical branch element constitutes the i-th output of the optical splitter, and the (M ⁇ 1) -th unit optical branch element
- the two outputs of the optical switch constitute the (M ⁇ 1) -th output and the M-th output of the optical branching unit.
- the two inputs of the first unit optical switch element are the first of the optical switch.
- An input and a second input, and one of the inputs of the j-th unit optical switch element (j is an integer of 2 or more and (N ⁇ 1) or less) is the (j ⁇ 1) -th unit optical switch element.
- the other of the inputs of the jth unit optical switch element is connected to the output and the (j + 1) th of the optical switch And the output of the (N-1) th unit optical switch element constitutes the output of the optical switch.
- the p-th optical branching device (p is 1 or more).
- N is an integer less than or equal to N) and the q-th optical switch (q is an integer between 1 and M) is the output of any of the p-th optical branching units and the input of any of the q-th optical switches.
- k is an integer of 1 to N.
- M the number of units optical branching elements constituting the kth output of the pth optical splitter
- qth Between inputs of unit optical switch elements constituting the kth input of the optical switch This connection is characterized in that no waveguide crossing is included.
- the branch optical power ratio of the two output terminals of the (M ⁇ 1) th unit optical branch element in the optical splitter is 1: 1, and the i-th (i is 1 or more (M -2)
- the branched light power ratio of the output terminal connected to the output of the optical switch of the unit optical branching device of the following integer) to the output terminal connected to the other unit optical branching device is 1: (Mi) Features.
- the M input / output optical combiner is divided into two input / output unit optical combining elements (M ⁇ 1), and the N input optical outputs of N switches are combined. Out of the output ports, it is arranged immediately after each (N ⁇ 1) output ports excluding one output port close to the input of the matrix optical switch. Therefore, since the output ports of each optical switch do not merge at the optical combiner after intersecting, but intersect after joining at the unit optical confluence element, the number of intersections in the entire matrix optical switch can be reduced. Can do.
- the 1-input M-output optical branching device is divided into 1-input 2-output unit optical branching elements (M-1), and the N-input 1-output optical switch is divided.
- the N input ports are arranged immediately before each (N ⁇ 1) input ports excluding one input port close to the output of the matrix optical switch. Therefore, after branching by the optical branching device, it is not crossed and input to the optical switch, but after crossing, it is branched by the unit optical branching element and input to the optical switch. The number can be reduced.
- a matrix optical switch having a many-to-one or one-to-many connection function can be formed on a single substrate.
- the optical switch can be miniaturized, and components such as an optical fiber wiring board are not required, so that the number of components can be reduced.
- FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram of a configuration example of an optical switch element used in the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along a cross-sectional line IVB-IVB in FIG. 4A.
- thermo-optic effect As a system of the waveguide type optical switch for implementing the present invention, there are a system using a thermo-optic effect, a system using an electro-optic effect, a system using a refractive index change by current injection, and the like.
- the unit optical switch element using the thermo-optic effect of the silica-based optical waveguide has good compatibility with the optical fiber, low insertion loss, and low principle polarization dependence. Is the most practical because it is physically and chemically stable and highly reliable.
- a unit optical switch element other than the unit optical switch element using the thermo-optic effect of the quartz optical waveguide may be used.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the first embodiment of the present invention, and shows an example in which a 4-input 4-output matrix optical switch is configured.
- the matrix optical switch shown in FIG. 2 includes 16 1-input 2-output unit optical switch elements (2511 to 2514, 2521 to 2524, 2531 to 2534, 2541 to 2544) and 12 2-input 1-output unit lights. It consists of confluence elements (2611 to 2613, 2621 to 2623, 2631 to 2633, 2641 to 2643).
- the four unit optical switch elements 2511, 2512, 2513, and 2514 are connected in a column to form a 1-input 4-output optical switch 211 (not shown).
- the unit optical switch elements 2521 to 2524, 2531 to 2534, and 2541 to 2544 are connected in series, and constitute 1-input 4-output optical switches 212, 213, and 214 (reference numerals are not shown).
- the three unit optical merging elements 2611, 2612, and 2613 are connected in series to constitute a four-input / one-output optical merging device 231 (not shown).
- the unit optical combining elements 2621 to 2623, 2631 to 2633, and 2641 to 2643 are respectively connected in cascade to constitute four-input one-output optical combiners 232, 233, and 234 (reference numerals are not shown).
- the combined optical power ratio of the unit optical combiners 2611, 2612, and 2613 is equal.
- these combined light power ratio is 1: 1, 2: 1,..., (N ⁇ 1): 1 in order from the unit optical combining element close to the input of the matrix optical switch.
- a directional coupler, an asymmetric Y branch, or the like can be used as the unit light combining element.
- the side with the larger combined optical power ratio is connected to the output port of the unit optical confluence element 2611.
- the side with the larger combined optical power ratio is connected to the output port of the unit optical confluence element 2612.
- Each input of the optical switches 211 to 214 is connected to four external input ports 201 to 204, and each output of the optical combiners 231 to 234 is connected to four external output ports 241 to 244.
- the output port of the unit optical switch element 2511 included in the optical switch 211 is connected to the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2621.
- the unit optical switch element 2512 is provided with a unit optical merge element 2641 immediately after that, and the output port of the unit optical switch element 2512 and the input port of the unit optical merge element 2641 intersect with other paths. Connected without.
- the output port of the unit optical switch element 2513, the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2632, and the output port of the unit optical switch element 2514 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2613 do not intersect with other paths. It is connected.
- the output port of the unit optical switch element 2521 included in the optical switch 212 is connected to the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2611.
- the unit optical switch element 2522 is provided with a unit optical merge element 2621 immediately after that, and the output port of the unit optical switch element 2522 and the input port of the unit optical merge element 2621 intersect with other paths. Connected without.
- the output port of the unit optical switch element 2523, the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2642, and the output port of the unit optical switch element 2524 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2633 do not intersect with other paths. It is connected.
- the output port of the unit optical switch element 2531 included in the optical switch 213 is connected to the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2641. Further, the unit optical switching element 2532 is immediately followed by the unit optical combining element 2631, and the output port of the unit optical switching element 2532 and the input port of the unit optical combining element 2631 intersect with other paths. Connected without. Similarly, the output port of the unit optical switch element 2533, the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2612, the output port of the unit optical switch element 2534, and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2623 do not intersect with other paths. It is connected.
- the output port of the unit optical switch element 2541 included in the optical switch 214 is connected to the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2631. Further, the unit optical switching element 2542 is provided with a unit optical combining element 2611 immediately after that, and the output port of the unit optical switching element 2542 and the input port of the unit optical combining element 2611 intersect with other paths. Connected without. Similarly, the output port of the unit optical switch element 2543, the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2622, and the output port of the unit optical switch element 2544 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 2643 do not intersect with other paths. It is connected.
- the output ports of each optical switch do not merge at the optical combiner after intersecting, but intersect after joining at the unit optical confluence element, so the number of intersections in the entire matrix optical switch Can be reduced.
- the optical switch of FIG. 2 even when the intersection in one path is maximum (a path from the external input port 201 to the external output port 241 or a path from the external input port 204 to the external output port 244). There are at most 5 places.
- unit optical switch elements 2514, 2524, 2534, and 2544 having one input and two outputs, which are illustrated as one input and one output in which one output is omitted, are arranged to increase the extinction ratio. Even without these, the present invention can perform basic operations. These unit optical switch elements have an effect of increasing the extinction ratio of the matrix optical switch even if the extinction ratio of the unit optical switch element with one input and two outputs is insufficient.
- the external input port of the matrix optical switch is an external output port
- the external output port is an external input port
- the optical combiner is an optical branching unit
- the unit optical combining element is a unit optical branching element.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and shows an example in which an 8-input 8-output matrix optical switch is configured.
- the matrix optical switch shown in FIG. 3 has 64 unit input / output unit optical switch elements (3511 to 3518, 3521 to 3528, 3531 to 3538, 3541 to 3548, 3551 to 3558, 3561 to 3568, 3571 to 3578, 3581 to 3588) and 64 one-input one-output gate optical switch elements (3711 to 3718, 3721 to 3728, 3731 to 3738, 3741 to 3748, 3751 to 3758, 3761 to 3768, 3771 to 3778, 3781 to 3788) )
- unit optical confluence elements (3611 to 3617, 3621 to 3627, 3631 to 3637, 3641 to 3647, 3651 to 3657, 3661 to 3667, 3671 to 3679, and 3681 to 3687).
- Eight unit optical switch elements 3511, 3512, 3513, 3514, 3515, 3516, 3517, and 3518 are connected in series, and gate optical switch elements for improving the extinction ratio at the output port of each unit optical switch element Reference numerals 3711 to 3718 are connected to form a 1-input 8-output optical switch 311 (not shown).
- unit optical switch elements 3521 to 3528, 3531 to 3538, 3541 to 3548, 3551 to 3558, 3561 to 3568, 3571 to 3578, and 3581 to 3588 are connected in series, and the output of each unit optical switch element Gate optical switch elements 3721 to 3728, 3731 to 3738, 3741 to 3748, 3751 to 3758, 3761 to 3768, 3771 to 3778, and 3781 to 3788 are connected to the ports, and optical switches 312, 313, and 314 having one input and eight outputs are connected. 315, 316, 317, 318 (reference numerals are not shown).
- unit optical merging elements 3611, 3612, 3613, 3614, 3615, 3616, 3617 are connected in series to constitute an 8-input / one-output optical merging device 331 (not shown).
- unit optical confluence elements 3621 to 3627, 3631 to 3637, 3641 to 3647, 3651 to 3657, 3661 to 3667, 3671 to 3677, and 3681 to 3687 are connected in series to form an optical input combiner with 8 inputs and 1 output.
- 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338 are formed.
- the unit optical combining elements 3611, 3612, 3613, 3614, 3615 are set to 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, and 7: 1, respectively. It is clear that this combined light power ratio is 1: 1, 2: 1,..., (N ⁇ 1): 1 in order from the unit optical combining element close to the input of the matrix optical switch.
- a directional coupler, an asymmetric Y branch, or the like can be used as the unit light combining element.
- the side with the larger combined light power ratio is connected to the output port of the unit light combining element 3611.
- the side with the larger combined light power ratio is connected to the output port of the unit light combining element 3612.
- the side with the larger confluence optical power ratio is connected to the output port of the unit optical confluence elements 3613, 3614, 3615, and 3616, respectively.
- Each input of the optical switches 311 to 318 is connected to eight external input ports 301 to 308, and each output of the optical combiners 331 to 338 is connected to external output ports 341 to 348.
- the output port of the gate optical switch element 3711 included in the optical switch 311 is connected to the input port of the unit optical converging element 3621. Further, the unit optical confluence element 3641 is disposed immediately after the gate optical switch element 3712, and the output port of the gate optical switch element 3712 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3641 do not intersect with other paths. It is connected.
- the output port and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3617 are all connected without intersecting with other paths.
- the output port of the gate optical switch element 3721 included in the optical switch 312 is connected to the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3611. Further, the unit optical confluence element 3621 is disposed immediately after the gate optical switch element 3722, and the output port of the gate optical switch element 3722 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3621 do not intersect with other paths. It is connected.
- the output port of the gate optical switch element 3723, the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3642, the output port of the gate optical switch element 3724, the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3663, the output port of the gate optical switch element 3725, and the unit light The input port of the confluence element 3684, the output port of the gate optical switch element 3726 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3675, the output port of the gate optical switch element 3727 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3656, and the gate optical switch element 3728
- the output port and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 3637 are all connected without intersecting other paths.
- each of the eight output ports of the optical switches 313 to 318 is similarly connected to the unit optical confluence element.
- one input and one output unit optical switch elements are illustrated as one input and two outputs 3518, 3528, 3538, 3548, 3558, 3568, 3578, 3588,
- the gate optical switch elements are arranged to increase the extinction ratio, and the present invention can perform a basic operation without them.
- These unit optical switch elements and gate optical switch elements have the effect of increasing the extinction ratio of the matrix optical switch even if the extinction ratio of the unit optical switch element with one input and two outputs is insufficient.
- the external input port of the matrix optical switch is an external output port
- the external output port is an external input port
- the optical combiner is an optical branching unit
- the unit optical combining element is a unit optical branching element.
- a single mode optical waveguide having a cladding layer and a buried core formed of quartz glass on a silicon substrate having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 6 inches is subjected to a flame hydrolysis reaction of a raw material gas such as SiCl 4 or GeCl 4.
- a quartz glass film deposition technique and a reactive ion etching technique were used in combination, and a thin film heater and a power supply electrode were fabricated on the surface of the cladding layer by vacuum deposition and patterning.
- the core size of the manufactured optical waveguide was 6 ⁇ m ⁇ 6 ⁇ m, and the relative refractive index difference with the cladding layer was 1.5%.
- the waveguide type optical switch in the present embodiment is formed by using this optical waveguide and combining a straight waveguide and a curved waveguide.
- the optical switch element is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer circuit whose effective optical path length difference between arm waveguides is 1 ⁇ 2 of the signal light wavelength, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the signal light wavelength is 1.55 ⁇ m
- the refractive index of the silica-based glass is 1.45. Therefore, the difference in the actual arm optical waveguide length is 0.534 ⁇ m.
- Thin film heaters (441, 442) having a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m, a width of 20 ⁇ m, and a length of 2 mm were formed on the surface of the cladding layer (42) as a phase shifter based on the thermo-optic effect. Further, heat insulating grooves (451, 452, 453) having a depth until the silicon substrate (41) is exposed are formed along the thin film heaters (441, 442).
- the length of the optical switch element constituted by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer circuit as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B was 5.5 mm.
- the chip size was 110 mm ⁇ 15 mm.
- the insertion loss was 12 dB or less including the principle loss of 9 dB due to confluence.
- the extinction ratio was 45 dB or more. Also, when the input and output were switched, light was input from the external output port side, and the optical characteristics of the light output to the external input port were measured. The insertion loss and the extinction ratio were the same.
- a waveguide type optical switch is a matrix optical switch including M 1-input N-output optical switches and N M-input 1-output optical combiners.
- the a-th input (a is an integer from 1 to M) of the matrix optical switch is composed of the inputs of the a-th 1-input N-output optical switch.
- the b-th output (b is an integer not smaller than 1 and not larger than N) of the matrix switch is composed of the output of the b-th M-input 1-output optical combiner.
- Each of the optical switches is composed of (N ⁇ 1) 1-input 2-output unit optical switch elements, and each of the optical combiners has (M ⁇ 1) 2-input 1-output units. It is composed of unit optical confluence elements.
- the input of the first unit optical switch element constitutes the input of the optical switch.
- One of the outputs of the i-th unit optical switch element (i is an integer of 1 to (N ⁇ 2)) is connected to the input of the (i + 1) -th unit optical switch element, and the i-th unit light
- the other of the outputs of the switch elements constitutes the i-th output of the optical switch.
- the two outputs of the (N ⁇ 1) th unit optical switch element constitute the (N ⁇ 1) th output and the Nth output of the optical switch.
- the two inputs of the first unit optical combining element constitute the first input and the second input of the optical combiner.
- One of the inputs of the j-th unit light combining element (j is an integer of 2 to (M ⁇ 1)) is connected to the output of the (j ⁇ 1) -th unit light combining element, and the j-th unit light
- the other of the inputs of the junction element constitutes the (j + 1) th input of the optical combiner.
- the output of the (M-1) th unit optical combining device constitutes the output of the optical combining device.
- the p-th optical switch (p is an integer from 1 to M) among the optical switches and the q-th optical combiner (q is an integer from 1 to N) among the optical combiners.
- any output of the p-th optical switch is a k-th output (k is an integer of 1 to N)
- any input of the q-th optical combiner is the k-th input. It is.
- k is 2 or more and (N ⁇ 1) or less
- the output of the unit optical switch element constituting the kth output of the pth optical switch and the kth input of the qth optical combiner The connection between the input of the unit optical converging elements constituting the above does not include the waveguide crossing.
- a further feature of the present invention is that the combined optical power ratio of the two input terminals of the first unit optical combining element in the optical combining device is 1: 1, and jth (j is 2 or more (M ⁇ 1) or less). ), The combined optical power ratio of the input terminal connected to the input of the optical switch of the unit optical combining element and the input terminal connected to the other unit optical combining element is set to 1: j.
- the unit optical switch element with one input and one output and the gate optical switch element are arranged to increase the extinction ratio. May be.
- the present invention can perform basic operations.
- These 1-input 1-output unit optical switch elements and gate optical switch elements have the effect of increasing the extinction ratio of the matrix optical switch even if the extinction ratio of the 1-input 2-output unit optical switch element is insufficient.
- the external input port of the matrix optical switch is an external output port
- the external output port is an external input port
- the optical combiner is an optical splitter
- the unit optical combiner is a unit optical splitter
- the branching light power ratio between the output terminal connected to the output of the optical switch of the optical branching element and the output terminal connected to another unit optical branching element is 1: (Mi).
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and shows an example in which a 6-input 8-output matrix optical switch is configured.
- the matrix optical switch shown in FIG. 5 has 48 unit optical switch elements (5511 to 5518, 5521 to 5528, 5531 to 5538, 5541 to 5548, 5551 to 5558, 5561 to 5568) and 48 unit optical switch elements.
- 1-input 1-output gate optical switch elements (5711-5718, 5721-5728, 5731-5738, 5741-5748, 5751-5758, 5761-5768) and 40 2-input single-output unit optical confluence elements ( 5611 to 5615, 5621 to 5625, 5631 to 5635, 5641 to 5645, 5651 to 5655, 5661 to 5665, 5671 to 5675, and 5681 to 5585).
- unit optical switch elements 5511, 5512, 5513, 5514, 5515, 5516, 5517, and 5518 are connected in series, and gate optical switch elements for improving the extinction ratio at the output port of each unit optical switch element 5711 to 5718 are connected to form a 1-input 8-output optical switch 511 (not shown).
- unit optical switch elements 5521 to 5528, 5531 to 5538, 5541 to 5548, 5551 to 5558, and 5561 to 5568 are connected in series, and gate optical switch elements 5721 to 5580 are connected to output ports of the unit optical switch elements.
- 5728, 5731 to 5738, 5741 to 5748, 5751 to 5758, and 5761 to 5768 are connected to form one-input eight-output optical switches 512, 513, 514, 515, and 516 (not shown).
- the five unit optical merging elements 5611, 5612, 5613, 5614, and 5615 are connected in series to constitute a 6-input / one-output optical merging device 531 (not shown).
- the unit optical confluence elements 5621 to 5625, 5631 to 5635, 5641 to 5645, 5651 to 5655, 5661 to 5665, 5671 to 5675, and 5681 to 5665 are connected in series to form an optical confluence device with six inputs and one output.
- 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538 are configured.
- the unit optical combiners 5611, 5612, 5613, 5614, and 5615 The combined light power ratio is set to 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, respectively. It is clear that this combined light power ratio is 1: 1, 2: 1,..., (M ⁇ 1): 1 in order from the unit optical combining element close to the input of the matrix optical switch.
- a directional coupler, an asymmetric Y branch, or the like can be used as the unit light combining element.
- the side with the larger combined optical power ratio is connected to the output port of the unit optical confluence element 5611.
- the side with the larger combined optical power ratio is connected to the output port of the unit optical confluence element 5612.
- the side with the larger combined optical power ratio is connected to the output port of the unit optical confluence elements 5613 and 5614, respectively.
- Each input of the optical switches 511 to 516 is connected to six external input ports 501 to 506, and each output of the optical combiners 531 to 538 is connected to external output ports 541 to 548.
- the output port of the gate optical switch element 5711 included in the optical switch 511 is connected to the input port of the unit optical confluence element 5621.
- the unit optical confluence element 5641 is arranged immediately after the gate optical switch element 5712, and the output port of the gate optical switch element 5712 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 5641 do not intersect with other paths. It is connected.
- the output port and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 5615 are all connected without intersecting with other paths.
- the output port of the gate optical switch element 5721 included in the optical switch 512 is connected to the input port of the unit optical confluence element 5611. Further, the unit optical confluence element 5621 is arranged immediately after the gate optical switch element 5722, and the output port of the gate optical switch element 5722 and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 5621 do not intersect with other paths. It is connected.
- the output port and the input port of the unit optical confluence element 5635 are all connected without intersecting other paths.
- each of the eight output ports of the optical switches 513 to 516 is similarly connected to the unit optical confluence element.
- each optical switch do not merge at the optical combiner after intersecting, but intersect after joining at the unit optical confluence element, so the number of intersections in the entire matrix optical switch Can be reduced. In fact, in the optical switch of FIG. 5, there are at most 11 intersections in one path.
- one-input two-output unit optical switch elements 5518, 5528, 5538, 5548, 5558, 5568, and gate light which are illustrated as one-input one-output unit optical switch elements in which one output is omitted.
- the switch elements are arranged to increase the extinction ratio, and the present invention can perform a basic operation without them.
- These unit optical switch elements and gate optical switch elements have the effect of increasing the extinction ratio of the matrix optical switch even if the extinction ratio of the unit optical switch element with one input and two outputs is insufficient.
- the external input port of the matrix optical switch is an external output port
- the external output port is an external input port
- the optical combiner is an optical branching unit
- the unit optical combining element is a unit optical branching element.
- the matrix optical switch according to the present invention can be used alone as described above, but can also be configured by combining a plurality of matrix optical switches.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- a matrix optical switch with 12 inputs and 8 outputs is constructed by combining two matrix input switches with 6 inputs and 8 outputs according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The example which comprised is shown.
- the matrix optical switch shown in FIG. 6 includes two 6-input 8-output matrix optical switches (611, 612) and eight 2-input 1-output optical combiners 621 to 628, and includes optical combiners 621 to 628.
- the combined light power ratio is 1: 1.
- One of the two input ports of the first optical combiner 621 is connected to the first output port of the eight output ports of the matrix optical switch 611.
- One of the eight output ports of the matrix optical switch 612 is connected to the other of the two input ports.
- the second output port of the eight output ports of the matrix optical switch 611 is connected to one of the two input ports of the second optical combiner 622, and the optical combiner 622 is connected.
- the second output port of the eight output ports of the matrix optical switch 612 is connected to the other of the two input ports.
- one of the two input ports of the third to eighth optical combiners 623 to 628 is connected to the third to eighth output ports of the eight output ports of the matrix optical switch 611, respectively.
- the third to eighth output ports of the eight output ports of the matrix optical switch 612 are connected to the other of the two input ports of the optical combiners 623 to 628, respectively. ing.
- the matrix optical switches 611 and 612 have two inputs compared to a single-input 8-output matrix optical switch. Although many crossings occur between the optical combiners 621 to 628 having one output, there is an advantage that an increase in the types of optical combiners can be suppressed.
- the combined optical power ratio is 1: 1, 1: 2,. . . 11:11, 11 types of optical combiners are required.
- the required types of optical combiners are combined.
- the optical power ratio is 1: 1, 1: 2,. . . , 1: 5 only.
- 101 to 104 external input ports 111 to 114: 1 input 4 output optical switch 121: intersection 131 to 134: 4 input 1 output optical combiner 141 to 144: external output port 201 to 204: external input port 211 to 214: 1 input 4 output optical switches 231 to 234: 4 input 1 output optical combiners 241 to 244: external output ports 2511 to 2514, 2521 to 2524, 2531 to 2534, 2541 to 2544: units of 1 input and 2 outputs
- 5751-5758, 5761-5768 1-input 1-output gate optical switch elements 601-612: external input port 611, 612: 6-input 8-output optical switch 621-628: 2-input 1-output optical combiners 631-638: external output port
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Abstract
Description
[1]導波路型光スイッチは、M個の1入力N出力の光スイッチと、N個のM入力1出力の光合流器から構成されるマトリクス光スイッチである。マトリクス光スイッチのa番目(aは1以上M以下の整数)の入力は、a番目の1入力N出力の光スイッチの入力から構成されている。マトリクススイッチのb番目(bは1以上N以下の整数)の出力は、b番目のM入力1出力の光合流器の出力から構成されている。
[2]光スイッチの各々は、(N-1)個の1入力2出力の単位光スイッチ素子から構成されており、光合流器の各々は、(M-1)個の2入力1出力の単位光合流素子から構成されている。
[3]光スイッチにおいて、1番目の単位光スイッチ素子の入力が光スイッチの入力を構成している。また、i番目(iは1以上(N-2)以下の整数)の単位光スイッチ素子の出力の内の一方が(i+1)番目の単位光スイッチ素子の入力に接続し、i番目の単位光スイッチ素子の出力の内の他方が光スイッチのi番目の出力を構成している。(N-1)番目の単位光スイッチ素子の2つの出力が光スイッチの(N-1)番目の出力ならびにN番目の出力を構成している。
[4]光合流器において、1番目の単位光合流素子の2つの入力が光合流器の1番目の入力ならびに2番目の入力を構成している。j番目(jは2以上(M-1)以下の整数)の単位光合流素子の入力の内の一方が(j-1)番目の単位光合流素子の出力に接続し、j番目の単位光合流素子の入力の内の他方が光合流器の(j+1)番目の入力を構成している。(M-1)番目の単位光合流素子の出力が光合流器の出力を構成している。
[5]マトリクス光スイッチにおいて、光スイッチのうちp番目の光スイッチ(pは1以上M以下の整数)と光合流器のうちq番目の光合流器(qは1以上N以下の整数)が、p番目の光スイッチのいずれかの出力とq番目の光合流器のいずれかの入力の間で接続される構成である。上述の接続において、p番目の光スイッチのいずれかの出力がk番目(kは1以上N以下の整数)の出力である場合、q番目の光合流器のいずれかの入力がk番目の入力である。上述の接続において、kが2以上(N-1)以下の場合、p番目の光スイッチのk番目の出力を構成する単位光スイッチ素子の出力と、q番目の光合流器のk番目の入力を構成する単位光合流素子の入力との間の接続に、導波路交差が含まれない。
おいて、分岐回数による光強度のばらつきは抑圧できることとなる。
111~114:1入力4出力の光スイッチ
121:交差部
131~134:4入力1出力の光合流器
141~144:外部出力ポート
201~204:外部入力ポート
211~214:1入力4出力の光スイッチ
231~234:4入力1出力の光合流器
241~244:外部出力ポート
2511~2514、2521~2524、2531~2534、2541~2544:1入力2出力の単位光スイッチ素子
2611~2613、2621~2623、2631~2633、2641~2643:2入力1出力の単位光合流素子
301~308:外部入力ポート
311~318:1入力8出力の光スイッチ
331~338:8入力1出力の光合流器
341~348:外部出力ポート
3511~3518、3521~3528、3531~3538、3541~3548、3551~3558、3561~3568、3571~3578、3581~3588:1入力2出力の単位光スイッチ素子
3611~3617、3621~3627、3631~3637、3641~3647、3651~3657、3661~3667、3671~3677、3681~3687:2入力1出力の単位光合流素子
3711~3718、3721~3728、3731~3738、3741~3748、3751~3758、3761~3768、3771~3778、3781~3788:1入力1出力のゲート光スイッチ素子
401、402:入力ポート
411、412:出力ポート
41:シリコン基板
42:クラッド層
431、432:埋め込みコア部
441、442:薄膜ヒータ
451、452、453:断熱溝
461、462:方向性結合器
501~506:外部入力ポート
511~516:1入力8出力の光スイッチ
531~538:6入力1出力の光合流器
541~548:外部出力ポート
5511~5518、5521~5528、5531~5538、5541~5548、5551~5558、5561~5568:1入力2出力の単位光スイッチ素子
5611~5615、5621~5625、5631~5635、5641~5645、5651~5655、5661~5665、5671~5675、5681~5685:2入力1出力の単位光合流素子
5711~5718、5721~5728、5731~5738、5741~5748、5751~5758、5761~5768:1入力1出力のゲート光スイッチ素子
601~612:外部入力ポート
611、612:6入力8出力の光スイッチ
621~628:2入力1出力の光合流器
631~638:外部出力ポート
Claims (4)
- 単一の基板上に形成された、M入力N出力のマトリクス光スイッチ(M,Nは3以上の整数)の形態の導波路型光スイッチであって、
前記マトリクス光スイッチは、M個の1入力N出力の光スイッチと、N個のM入力1出力の光合流器とから構成されており、
前記マトリクス光スイッチのa番目(aは1以上M以下の整数)の入力は、a番目の前記1入力N出力の光スイッチの入力から構成されており、
前記マトリクス光スイッチのb番目(bは1以上N以下の整数)の出力は、b番目の前記M入力1出力の光合流器の出力から構成されており、
前記光スイッチの各々は、(N-1)個の1入力2出力の単位光スイッチ素子から構成されており、
前記光合流器の各々は、(M-1)個の2入力1出力の単位光合流素子から構成されており、
前記光スイッチにおいて、
1番目の前記単位光スイッチ素子の入力は、前記光スイッチの入力を構成し、
i番目(iは1以上(N-2)以下の整数)の前記単位光スイッチ素子の出力の内の一方は(i+1)番目の前記単位光スイッチ素子の入力に接続し、i番目の前記単位光スイッチ素子の出力の内の他方は前記光スイッチのi番目の出力を構成し、且つ
(N-1)番目の前記単位光スイッチ素子の2つの出力は、前記光スイッチの(N-1)番目の出力及びN番目の出力を構成し、
前記光合流器において、
1番目の前記単位光合流素子の2つの入力は、前記光合流器の1番目の入力及び2番目の入力を構成し、
j番目(jは2以上(M-1)以下の整数)の前記単位光合流素子の入力の内の一方は(j-1)番目の前記単位光合流素子の出力に接続し、j番目の前記単位光合流素子の入力の内の他方は前記光合流器の(j+1)番目の入力を構成し、且つ
(M-1)番目の前記単位光合流素子の出力は、前記光合流器の出力を構成し、
前記マトリクス光スイッチにおいて、
前記光スイッチのうちp番目の光スイッチ(pは1以上M以下の整数)と前記光合流器のうちq番目の光合流器(qは1以上N以下の整数)とは、前記p番目の光スイッチのいずれかの出力と前記q番目の光合流器のいずれかの入力との間で接続され、
前記接続において、前記p番目の光スイッチのいずれかの出力がk番目(kは1以上N以下の整数)の出力である場合、前記q番目の光合流器のいずれかの入力がk番目の入力であり、且つ
前記接続において、kが2以上(N-1)以下の場合、前記p番目の光スイッチのk番目の出力を構成する前記単位光スイッチ素子の出力と、前記q番目の光合流器のk番目の入力を構成する前記単位光合流素子の入力との間の接続に、導波路交差が含まれない、
ことを特徴とする導波路型光スイッチ。 - 前記光合流器における1番目の前記単位光合流素子の2つの入力端子の合流光パワー比は、1:1であり、
j番目(jは2以上(M-1)以下の整数)の前記単位光合流素子の光スイッチの入力につながる入力端子と他の前記単位光合流素子につながる入力端子の合流光パワー比は、1:jである
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の導波路型光スイッチ。 - 単一の基板上に形成された、N入力M出力のマトリクス光スイッチ(M,Nは3以上の整数)の形態の導波路型光スイッチであって、
前記マトリクス光スイッチは、N個の1入力M出力の光分岐器と、M個のN入力1出力の光スイッチとから構成されており、
前記マトリクス光スイッチのa番目(aは1以上N以下の整数)の入力は、a番目の前記1入力M出力の光分岐器の入力から構成されており、
前記マトリクス光スイッチのb番目(bは1以上M以下の整数)の出力は、b番目の前記N入力1出力の光スイッチの出力から構成されており、
前記光分岐器の各々は、(M-1)個の1入力2出力の単位光分岐素子から構成されており、
前記光スイッチの各々は、(N-1)個の2入力1出力の単位光スイッチ素子から構成されており、
前記光分岐器において、
1番目の前記単位光分岐素子の入力は、前記光分岐器の入力を構成し、
i番目(iは1以上(M-2)以下の整数)の前記単位光分岐素子の出力の内の一方は(i+1)番目の前記単位光分岐素子の入力に接続し、i番目の前記単位光分岐素子の出力の内の他方は前記光分岐器のi番目の出力を構成し、且つ
(M-1)番目の前記単位光分岐素子の2つの出力は、前記光分岐器の(M-1)番目の出力及びM番目の出力を構成し、
前記光スイッチにおいて、
1番目の前記単位光スイッチ素子の2つの入力は、前記光スイッチの1番目の入力及び2番目の入力を構成し、
j番目(jは2以上(N-1)以下の整数)の前記単位光スイッチ素子の入力の内の一方は(j-1)番目の前記単位光スイッチ素子の出力に接続し、j番目の前記単位光スイッチ素子の入力の内の他方は前記光スイッチの(j+1)番目の入力を構成し、且つ
(N-1)番目の前記単位光スイッチ素子の出力は、前記光スイッチの出力を構成し、
前記マトリクス光スイッチにおいて、
前記光分岐器のうちp番目の光分岐器(pは1以上N以下の整数)と前記光スイッチのうちq番目の光スイッチ(qは1以上M以下の整数)とは、前記p番目の光分岐器のいずれかの出力と前記q番目の光スイッチのいずれかの入力との間で接続され、
前記接続において、前記p番目の光分岐器のいずれかの出力がk番目(kは1以上M以下の整数)の出力である場合、前記q番目の光スイッチのいずれかの入力がk番目の入力であり、且つ
前記接続において、kが2以上(M-1)以下の場合、前記p番目の光分岐器のk番目の出力を構成する前記単位光分岐素子の出力と、前記q番目の光スイッチのk番目の入力を構成する前記単位光スイッチ素子の入力との間の接続に、導波路交差が含まれない
ことを特徴とする導波路型光スイッチ。 - 前記光分岐器における(M-1)番目の前記単位光分岐素子の2つの出力端子の分岐光パワー比は、1:1であり、
i番目(iは1以上(M-2)以下の整数)の前記単位光分岐素子の光スイッチの出力につながる出力端子と他の前記単位光分岐素子につながる出力端子の分岐光パワー比は、1:(M-i)である
ことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の導波路型光スイッチ。
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US13/984,282 US9360629B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2012-02-14 | Waveguide type optical switch |
JP2012557830A JP5913139B2 (ja) | 2011-02-15 | 2012-02-14 | 導波路型光スイッチ |
CN201280008701.9A CN103370650B (zh) | 2011-02-15 | 2012-02-14 | 波导型光开关 |
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WO2016157819A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-10-06 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光回路、およびそれを用いた光スイッチ |
JP2019159016A (ja) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-09-19 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光入出力装置およびその作製方法 |
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JP7015717B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2022-02-03 | Nttエレクトロニクス株式会社 | マルチキャストスイッチ |
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US9360629B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
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JP5913139B2 (ja) | 2016-04-27 |
CN103370650A (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
JPWO2012111316A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
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