WO2018040549A1 - 光开关矩阵及其控制方法 - Google Patents

光开关矩阵及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018040549A1
WO2018040549A1 PCT/CN2017/078176 CN2017078176W WO2018040549A1 WO 2018040549 A1 WO2018040549 A1 WO 2018040549A1 CN 2017078176 W CN2017078176 W CN 2017078176W WO 2018040549 A1 WO2018040549 A1 WO 2018040549A1
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
input
output
switch matrix
module
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PCT/CN2017/078176
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵飞
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2018040549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018040549A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/264—Optical coupling means with optical elements between opposed fibre ends which perform a function other than beam splitting
    • G02B6/266—Optical coupling means with optical elements between opposed fibre ends which perform a function other than beam splitting the optical element being an attenuator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
    • G02B6/2773—Polarisation splitting or combining

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of optical communications, and in particular, to an optical switch matrix and a control method thereof.
  • optical switch matrix has become a vital component in the field of optical communication, which can realize important functions such as routing, wavelength selection and optical cross-connection.
  • optical signals in an optical communication network may include different modes of single mode optical signals.
  • the optical switch matrix is mainly composed of a waveguide and a device composed of a waveguide, and the device may be, for example, an optical switch, a Polarization Splitter Rotator (PSR), or the like. Since different modes of single-mode optical signals have different lengths of waveguides passing through the optical switch matrix and different modes of single-mode optical signals have different effective refractive indices in the waveguide, different modes of single-mode optical signals may pass through the optical switches. The losses after the matrix are different, and the transmission time required for the single mode optical signals of different modes to pass through the optical switch matrix is different.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an optical switch matrix and a control method thereof, which are used to solve the problem that the optical signals in the optical communication network in the prior art are processed by the optical switch matrix, and the PDL and the DGD are large.
  • the application provides an optical switch matrix, including:
  • a port in the first output port group and a port in the first input port group are connected in a one-to-one correspondence by a first waveguide of length L1; a port in the second output port group and the first The ports in the two input port groups are connected one-to-one through the second waveguide of length L2; the length of the port in the third output port group and the port in the third input port group is L3
  • the third waveguides are connected in one-to-one correspondence, and the ports in the fourth output port group and the ports in the fourth input port group are connected one-to-one through the fourth waveguide of length L4; the sum of L1 and L3 is The sum of L2 and L4 is equal;
  • the first cross waveguide is connected to at least one of the N first waveguides, and the first cross waveguide is not connected to the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide; a second cross waveguide is connected to at least one of the second waveguides, and the second cross waveguide is not connected to the first waveguide a third waveguide, the fourth waveguide connection; a third cross waveguide connected to at least one of the N third waveguides, the third cross waveguide not being the fourth waveguide, the first a waveguide, the second waveguide connection; at least one of the N fourth waveguides is connected to a fourth cross waveguide, the fourth cross waveguide is not connected to the third waveguide, the first waveguide, Second waveguide connection;
  • the input module is configured to separate a first single mode optical signal and a second single mode optical signal of the input optical signal, where the mode of the first single mode optical signal is a first mode, and the second single mode The mode of the signal is a second mode, the first single mode optical signal is output from the first output port group, and the second single mode optical signal is converted from the second mode to the first mode Second output port group output;
  • the first optical switch matrix module is configured to perform optical switching processing on the optical signal input from the first input port group, and output from the third output port group after processing;
  • the second optical switch matrix module is configured to perform optical switching processing on the optical signal input from the second input port group, and output from the fourth output port group after processing;
  • the output module is configured to convert a first single mode optical signal input from the third input port group from a first mode to a second mode, and a second single mode input from the fourth input port group The optical signals are combined and the optical signals obtained after the combination are output.
  • the input module includes 2N output ports;
  • the i-th 2-1 output port of the 2N output ports corresponds to the i-th output port of the first output port group, and the i-th 2 output ports of the 2N output ports correspond to The i-th output port of the second output port group; wherein i is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N.
  • the output module includes 2N input ports;
  • the i x 2-1 input port of the 2N input ports corresponds to the i th input port of the third input port group, and the i x 2 input ports of the 2N input ports correspond to The i-th input port of the fourth input port group; wherein i is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N.
  • an i-th output port of the first output port group corresponds to an i-th input port of the first input port group, and an i-th of the second output port group
  • the output port corresponds to the i-th input port of the second input port group
  • the i-th output port of the third output port group corresponds to the i-th input port of the third input port group
  • the i-th output port of the fourth output port group corresponds to the i-th input port of the fourth input port group
  • i is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N.
  • L1 is equal to L4 and L2 is equal to L3.
  • L1 is equal to L2 and L3 is equal to L4.
  • the number of crossed waveguides on each of the N first waveguides, the N second waveguides, the N third waveguides, and the N of the fourth waveguides the same.
  • the number of crossed waveguides on the two waveguides of the N first waveguide, the N second waveguides, the N third waveguides, and the N fourth waveguides is less than N/2.
  • two of the first cross-waveguides are connected to one first waveguide, and the other two ports of the first cross-waveguide are vacant; or the other two ports are attenuated by light Connected to the optical attenuator for absorbing crosstalk light in the one of the first waveguides; or the other two ports are connected to the photodetector.
  • two of the second cross-waveguides are connected to a second waveguide, and the other two ports of the second cross-waveguide are vacant; or the other two ports are attenuated by light Connected to the optical attenuator for absorbing crosstalk light in the one of the second waveguides; or the other two ports are connected to the photodetector.
  • two of the third cross-waveguides are connected to a third waveguide, and the other two ports of the third cross-waveguide are vacant; or the other two ports are optically attenuated Connected to the optical attenuator for absorbing crosstalk light in the one third waveguide; or the other two ports are connected to the photodetector.
  • two of the fourth cross-waveguides are connected to a fourth waveguide, the other two ports of the fourth cross-waveguide are vacant; or the other two ports and optical attenuators Connected, the optical attenuator is configured to absorb crosstalk light in the one of the fourth waveguides; or the other two ports are connected to the photodetector.
  • the first optical switch matrix module is identical in structure to the second optical switch matrix module.
  • the input module comprises N input sub-modules, each input sub-module comprising an input port and two output ports;
  • the two output ports of the i-th input sub-module of the N input sub-modules respectively correspond to an i-th output port of the first output port group and an i-th output port of the second output port group.
  • the input sub-module includes: an input coupler and a polarization rotating beam splitter PSR connected to the input coupler;
  • the input coupler is configured to acquire the input optical signal
  • the polarization rotating beam splitter for separating the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal of the input optical signal, the first single mode optical signal from the The first output port group outputs and outputs the second single mode optical signal from the second output port group after being converted from the second mode to the first mode.
  • the length of the waveguide connecting the input coupler and the polarization rotating beam splitter is L5.
  • the input sub-module includes: an input coupler, a polarization beam splitter PBS, and a polarization converter PR;
  • the polarization beam splitter is respectively connected to the input coupler and the polarization converter;
  • the input coupler is configured to acquire the input optical signal
  • the polarization beam splitter is configured to separate the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal in the input optical signal, and the first single mode optical signal is from the first An output port group output;
  • the polarization converter is configured to output the second single mode optical signal separated by the polarization beam splitter from the second mode to the first mode and output from the second output port group.
  • the length of the waveguide connecting the input coupler and the polarization beam splitter is L5.
  • the input sub-module comprises: a grating coupler.
  • the output module comprises N output sub-modules, each output sub-module comprising two input ports and one output port;
  • the two input ports of the i-th output sub-module of the N output sub-modules respectively correspond to an i-th input port of the third input port group and an i-th input port of the fourth input port group.
  • the output sub-module includes: an output coupler and a polarization rotating combiner PRC connected to the output coupler;
  • the polarization rotating combiner is configured to convert the first single mode optical signal input from the third input port group from a first mode to a second mode, and from the fourth input port The second single mode optical signals input by the group are combined;
  • the output coupler is configured to output an optical signal obtained after the combination.
  • the length of the waveguide connecting the output coupler and the polarization rotating combiner is L5.
  • the output sub-module includes: an output coupler, a polarization converter PR, and a polarization combiner PBC;
  • the polarization combiner is connected to the output coupler and the polarization converter, respectively;
  • the polarization converter is configured to convert the first single mode optical signal input from the third input port group from a first mode to a second mode;
  • the polarization combiner for combining the first single mode mode optical signal output by the polarization converter with the second single mode optical signal input from the fourth input port group;
  • the output coupler is configured to output an optical signal obtained after the combination.
  • the length of the waveguide connecting the output coupler and the polarization combiner is L5.
  • the output sub-module comprises: a grating coupler.
  • the input module and the output module are on the same side of the optical switch matrix; or the input module and the output module are on different sides of the optical switch matrix.
  • the present application provides a method for controlling an optical switch matrix, the method being applied to an optical switch matrix, where the optical switch matrix includes an input module, an output module, a first optical switch matrix module, and a second optical switch matrix module.
  • the first optical switch matrix module and the second optical switch matrix module are respectively connected to the input module and the output module; the method comprises:
  • the input module separates the first single-mode optical signal i1 and the second single-mode optical signal i2 of the ith optical signal of the input N optical signals, where the mode of the first single-mode optical signal i1 is first a mode, the mode of the second single-mode optical signal i2 is a second mode, and the first single-mode optical signal i1 is output to the first optical switch matrix module through a first waveguide of length L1, and After the mode of the second single mode optical signal i2 is converted from the second mode to the first mode, the second waveguide of the length L2 is output to the second optical switch matrix module; wherein N is an integer greater than 0, i Any integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N;
  • the first optical switch matrix module performs optical switching processing on the first single-mode optical signal i1 input from the input module, and is output to the output module through a third waveguide of length L3 after processing;
  • the second optical switch matrix module performs optical switching processing on the second single-mode optical signal i2 input from the input module, and is output to the output module through a fourth waveguide of length L4 after processing;
  • the output module converts the mode of the second single mode optical signal i2 input from the second optical switch matrix module into a first module, and inputs from the first optical switch matrix module The first single The optical signal i1 is combined, and the optical signals obtained after combining and combining are output;
  • a first cross waveguide is connected to at least one of the N first waveguides, and the first cross waveguide is not connected to the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide;
  • a second cross waveguide is connected to at least one second waveguide of the two waveguides, the second cross waveguide is not connected to the first waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide;
  • N third waveguides a third cross waveguide connected to the at least one third waveguide, the third cross waveguide not being connected to the fourth waveguide, the first waveguide, and the second waveguide; at least one of the N fourth waveguides
  • the fourth waveguide is connected to a fourth cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide is not connected to the third waveguide, the first waveguide, and the second waveguide.
  • the optical switch matrix and the control method thereof provided by the present application pass through the waveguide of the same length in the first mode through the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal in the optical communication network.
  • the rates are different, and the loss of the single mode optical signals of different modes after passing through the optical switch matrix is different, and the transmission time required for the single mode optical signals of different modes to pass through the optical switch matrix is different.
  • the optical switch matrix provided by the present application solves the problem that the optical signals in the optical communication network are large after the optical switch matrix is processed, and the PDL and the DGD are large. Moreover, by providing the first cross waveguide, the second cross waveguide, the third cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide, the difference in the number of cross waveguides on different waveguides is reduced, thereby solving the problem of mutual crossover due to different waveguides. The number of crossed waveguides is large and causes a large PDL problem, thereby further reducing the PDL.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of dividing an output port of an input module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of dividing an input port in an output module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first waveguide and a second waveguide crossing a fifth cross-waveguide according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view showing the addition of a first cross waveguide and a second cross waveguide on the basis of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third waveguide and a fourth waveguide crossing each other through a fifth cross waveguide according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view showing the addition of a third cross waveguide and a fourth cross waveguide on the basis of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of dividing an output port of an input submodule according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of dividing an input port in an output sub-module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an input submodule according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an output submodule according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an input submodule according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an output submodule according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an input submodule according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of an output submodule according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of implementing a set of waveguides of equal length according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the present application can be applied to an optical switch matrix for performing wavelength selection, routing, and the like on optical signals in an optical communication network.
  • the optical signal in the optical communication network may include different modes of single mode optical signals, for example, including a first single mode optical signal in a mode of a first mode and a second single mode optical signal in a second mode.
  • the first mode may be a Transverse Electric Wave (TE) mode
  • the second mode may be a Transverse Magnetic Wave (TM) mode
  • the first mode may be specifically The TM mode
  • the second mode may specifically be a TE mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switch matrix of this embodiment may include: an input module 11 , an output module 12 , a first optical switch matrix module 13 , and a second optical switch matrix module 14 .
  • the input module 11 includes a first output port group 111 and a second output port group 112.
  • the first optical switch matrix module 13 includes a first input port group 131 and a third output port group 132.
  • the second optical switch matrix module 14 includes The second input port group 141 and the fourth output port group 142, the output module 12 includes a third input port group 121 and a fourth input port group 122; each of the output port groups and the number of ports included in each input port group are N , N is an integer greater than 0;
  • the port in the first output port group 111 and the port in the first input port group 131 are connected one-to-one through the first waveguide 15 of length L1; the port in the second output port group 112 and the second input port group
  • the ports in 141 are connected one-to-one through the second waveguide 16 having a length L2; the third waveguide 17 of the length L3 is passed between the port in the third output port group 132 and the port in the third input port group 121.
  • the port in the fourth output port group 142 and the port in the fourth input port group 122 are connected one by one through the fourth waveguide 18 of length L4; the sum of L1, L3 and L2, L4 And equal;
  • the first cross waveguide 19 is connected to at least one of the N first waveguides 15 , and the first cross waveguide 19 is not connected to the second waveguide 16 , the third waveguide 17 , and the fourth waveguide 18 ;
  • a second cross waveguide 20 is connected to at least one second waveguide of the two waveguides 16.
  • the second cross waveguide 20 is not connected to the first waveguide 15, the third waveguide 17, and the fourth waveguide 18; and the N third waveguides 17 A third cross waveguide 21 is connected to at least one third waveguide, and the third cross waveguide 21 is not connected to the fourth waveguide 18, the first waveguide 15, and the second waveguide 16; at least one fourth waveguide of the N fourth waveguides 18 A fourth cross waveguide 22 is connected, and the fourth cross waveguide 22 is not connected to the third waveguide 17, the first waveguide 15, and the second waveguide 16;
  • the input module 11 is configured to separate the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal of the input optical signal, where the mode of the first single mode optical signal is a first mode, and the second single mode signal The second mode And outputting the first single mode optical signal from the first output port group 111, and outputting the second single mode optical signal from the second mode to the first mode and outputting from the second output port group 112;
  • the first optical switch matrix module 13 is configured to perform optical switching processing on the optical signal input from the first input port group 131, and output from the third output port group 132 after processing;
  • the second optical switch matrix module 14 is configured to perform optical switching processing on the optical signal input from the second input port group 141, and output from the fourth output port group 142 after processing;
  • the output module 12 is configured to perform, after converting the first single mode optical signal input from the third input port group 121 from the first mode to the second mode, and the second single mode optical signal input from the fourth input port group 122. Combine and output the optical signals obtained after the combination.
  • L1, L2, L3, and L4 are all numbers greater than or equal to zero.
  • the sum of L1 and L3 is equal to the sum of L2 and L4, specifically, the sum of L1 and L3 is approximately equal to the sum of L2 and L4. That is, the difference between the sum of L1, L3 and the sum of L2, L4 is related to the DGD that the optical switch matrix can allow.
  • the transmission time of the optical signal of the first mode or the second mode in the waveguide of the difference length should be less than or equal to the allowable DGD.
  • the transmission delay of the optical signal in the waveguide is related to the group refractive index of the waveguide, and thus the specific size of the difference is also related to the group refractive index of the waveguide. Moreover, since the group refractive index is related to the material of the waveguide and the size of the cross section, the specific size of the difference is ultimately related to the material of the waveguide, the size of the cross section, and the allowable DGD.
  • the optical switch matrix provided by the present application can allow a DGD of 10 picoseconds.
  • the size of the waveguide is 500 ⁇ 220 nm
  • the core layer of the waveguide is silicon
  • the substrate is silicon dioxide
  • the difference is about Between 700-800 microns.
  • the path that passes through the optical switch matrix is specifically: entering the first optical switch matrix module through the port in the first output port group of the input module in the first mode. a port in the first input port group and entering a port in the third input port group of the output module through a port in the third output port group of the first optical switch matrix module, and finally adopting the mode in the output mode by the first mode Output after conversion to the second mode.
  • the path that passes through the optical switch matrix is specifically: converting the mode from the second mode to the first mode in the input module, and passing through the input module in the first mode
  • the port in the second output port group enters a port in the second input port group of the second optical switch matrix module, and enters the fourth input port of the input module through a port in the fourth output port group of the second optical switch matrix module
  • the ports in the group are finally output through the output module.
  • the port in the first output port group and the port in the first input port group are connected one-to-one through the first waveguide of length L1; the port in the second output port group and the second input port group The ports are connected one-to-one through the second waveguide of length L2; the ports in the third output port group and the ports in the third input port group are connected one by one through the third waveguide of length L3, The ports in the four output port groups and the ports in the fourth input port group are connected one-to-one through the fourth waveguide of length L4; and the sum of L1 and L3 is equal to the sum of L2 and L4.
  • the same length of the waveguide passes through the same device in the first mode inside the optical switch matrix and passes through the same device.
  • the optical switch matrix provided in this embodiment avoids different lengths of waveguides passing through the optical switch matrix of different modes of single mode optical signals and different effective refractive indices of different modes of single mode optical signals in the waveguide, which may occur Different modes of single mode optical signals passing through optical switching moments The loss after the array is different, and the transmission time required for the single mode optical signals of different modes to pass through the optical switch matrix is different. Therefore, the optical switch matrix provided by the embodiment solves the problem that the optical signals in the optical communication network are large after the optical switch matrix is processed, and the PDL and the DGD are large.
  • the first cross waveguide is connected to the at least one first waveguide, and the first cross waveguide is not connected to the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide; and the second cross waveguide is connected to the at least one second waveguide.
  • the second cross waveguide is not connected to the first waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide;
  • the third cross waveguide is connected to the at least one third waveguide, and the third cross waveguide is not connected to the fourth waveguide, the first waveguide, and the third waveguide
  • Two waveguide connections; at least one fourth waveguide is connected to the fourth cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide is not connected to the third waveguide, the first waveguide, and the second waveguide.
  • the first cross waveguide, the second cross waveguide, the third cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide in the optical switch matrix module provided by this embodiment are not due to the first waveguide, the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the first A cross-waveguide introduced between the four waveguides that needs to cross each other.
  • the cross-waveguide causes an increase in optical signal loss.
  • the problem of large DGD can be further solved by providing the first cross-waveguide, the second cross-waveguide, the third cross-waveguide, and the fourth cross-waveguide.
  • N the difference in the number of crossed waveguides for achieving mutual crossing on the first waveguide, the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide is larger, so the larger N is passed.
  • the improvement effect provided by the first cross waveguide, the second cross waveguide, the third cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide is better.
  • the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal in the optical communication network pass through the same length of the waveguide in the first mode in the optical switch matrix and are processed by the same device, and A mode conversion is also performed, which avoids the difference in the lengths of the waveguides passing through the optical switch matrix of the single mode optical signals of different modes and the different effective refractive indices of the single mode optical signals in different modes in the waveguide.
  • the loss of the single mode optical signals of different modes after passing through the optical switch matrix is different, and the transmission time required for the single mode optical signals of different modes to pass through the optical switch matrix is different.
  • the optical switch matrix provided by the embodiment solves the problem that the optical signals in the optical communication network are large after the optical switch matrix is processed, and the PDL and the DGD are large. Moreover, by providing the first cross waveguide, the second cross waveguide, the third cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide, it is solved that the PDL is large due to a large difference in the number of cross waveguides for achieving mutual crossing on different waveguides. The problem, which further reduces the PDL.
  • the optical switch matrix of this embodiment may include: an input module 11, an output module 12, a first single polarization switch matrix module 13, and a second single polarization switch matrix module 14; wherein, the first single polarized light Both the switch matrix module 13 and the second single polarization switch matrix module 14 are coupled to the input module 11 and the output module 12. among them,
  • the input module 11 is configured to separate the first single mode optical signal k1 and the second single mode optical signal k2 of the kth optical signal of the input N optical signals, the mode of the first single mode optical signal k1 In the first mode, the mode of the second single-mode optical signal k2 is a second mode, and the first single-mode optical signal k1 is output to the first optical switch matrix module 13 through the first waveguide of length L1, and After converting the second optical signal k2 from the second mode to the first mode, outputting to the second optical switch matrix module 14 through the second waveguide of length L2; wherein k is any greater than 0 and less than or equal to N Integer
  • the first optical switch matrix module 13 is configured to perform optical switching processing on the first single-mode optical signal k1 input from the input module 11, and after processing, output to the output module 12 through a third waveguide of length L3;
  • the second optical switch matrix module 14 is configured to perform optical switching processing on the second single-mode optical signal k2 input by the input module 11, and after processing, output to the output module 12 through the fourth waveguide of length L4;
  • the output module 12 is configured to convert the mode of the second single mode optical signal k2 input from the second optical switch matrix module 14 into a first module, and input from the first optical switch matrix module 13 The first single-mode optical signal k1 is combined, and the optical signals obtained after the combination are output.
  • a first cross waveguide is connected to at least one of the N first waveguides, the first cross waveguide is not connected to the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide; and at least one of the N second waveguides is second a second cross waveguide is connected to the waveguide, and the second cross waveguide is not connected to the first waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide; and the third cross waveguide is connected to at least one of the N third waveguides, and the third The cross waveguide is not connected to the fourth waveguide, the first waveguide, and the second waveguide; at least one of the N fourth waveguides is connected to the fourth cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide is not connected to the third waveguide, the first waveguide, The second waveguide is connected.
  • the processing performed by the first optical switch matrix module on the first single-mode optical signal k1 and the processing performed by the second optical switch matrix module on the second single-mode optical signal k2 should be the same.
  • the first single-mode optical signal k1 and the second single-mode optical signal k2 pass through the same length of the waveguide in the first mode in the optical switch matrix and are processed by the same device, and are also performed.
  • a mode conversion avoids different lengths of waveguides passing through the optical switch matrix of different modes of single mode optical signals and different effective refractive indices of different modes of single mode optical signals in the waveguide, resulting in different modes.
  • the loss of the single-mode optical signal after passing through the optical switch matrix is different, and the transmission time required for the single-mode optical signals of different modes to pass through the optical switch matrix is different. Therefore, the optical switch matrix provided by the embodiment solves the problem that the optical signals in the optical communication network are large after the optical switch matrix is processed, and the PDL and the DGD are large.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 mainly describes the optical switch matrix provided by the present application from the perspective of the structure of the optical switch matrix, and the embodiment mainly The optical switch matrix provides an optical switch matrix provided by the optical switch matrix for processing the k-th optical signal.
  • the principle of solving the problem that the PDL and the DGD are large after the optical signal in the optical communication network is processed by the optical switch matrix is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , and details are not described herein again.
  • further input Module 11 includes 2N output ports.
  • the i ⁇ 2-1 output ports of the 2N output ports of the input module 11 correspond to the i th output port of the first output port group 111, and the i ⁇ 2 of the 2N output ports of the input module 11
  • the output ports correspond to the i-th output port of the second output port group 112; wherein i is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N.
  • the correspondence between the output ports of the 2N output ports of the input module 11 and the output ports of the first output port group 111 and the second output port group 112 may be as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the correspondence between the two output ports is indicated by a double-headed arrow.
  • the first output port of the 16 output ports of the input module 11 corresponds to the first output port of the first output port group 111
  • the second output port of the 16 output ports of the input module 11 corresponds to the first output port.
  • the first output port of the two output port groups 112, the third output port of the 16 output ports of the input module 11 corresponds to the second output port of the first output port group 111, and the 16 outputs of the input module 11
  • the fourth output port in the port corresponds to the second output port in the second output port group 112, ....
  • the output module 12 includes 2N input ports.
  • the i-th 2-1 input port of the 2N input ports of the output module 12 corresponds to the i-th input port of the third input port group 121, and the i-th 2 of the 2N input ports of the output module 12 The input ports correspond to the i-th input port of the fourth input port group 122.
  • the correspondence between the input ports of the 2N input ports of the output module 12 and the input ports of the third input port group 121 and the fourth input port group 122 can be specifically illustrated.
  • the correspondence between the two input ports is indicated by a double-headed arrow.
  • the first input port of the 16 input ports of the output module 12 corresponds to the first input port of the third input port group 121
  • the second input port of the 16 input ports of the output module 12 corresponds to the first input port.
  • the first input port of the four input port group 122, the third input port of the 16 input ports of the output module 12 corresponds to the second input port of the third input port group 121, and the 16 inputs of the output module 12
  • the fourth input port in the port corresponds to the second input port in the fourth input port group 122, ....
  • the *th output port may specifically be the *th output port of the optical switch matrix from top to bottom or may also be the *th output port of the optical switch matrix from bottom to top
  • the input ports may specifically be the *th input port of the optical switch matrix from top to bottom or the optical switch matrix may be from the bottom to the upper * input port.
  • * is equal to 1, 2, ....
  • the open circles in Figures 2 and 3 represent ports.
  • the correspondence between the port in the first output port group 111 and the port in the first input port group 131 may be specifically
  • the ith output port of the first output port group 111 corresponds to the ith input port of the first input port group 131.
  • the corresponding relationship between the port in the second output port group 112 and the port in the second input port group 141 may be specifically: the i-th output port in the second output port group 112 and the second input port group 141
  • the i-th input port corresponds.
  • the corresponding relationship between the port in the third output port group 132 and the port in the third input port group 121 may be specifically: the i-th output port in the third output port group 132 and the third input port group 121
  • the i-th input port corresponds.
  • the corresponding relationship between the port in the fourth output port group 142 and the port in the fourth input port group 122 may be specifically: the i-th output port in the fourth output port group 142 and the fourth input port group 122.
  • the i-th input port corresponds.
  • the number of cross-waveguides on the first waveguide, the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide can be performed according to the PDL that the optical switch matrix can allow. limit. Specifically, the difference between the number of crossed waveguides on the two waveguides of the N first waveguide, the N second waveguides, the N third waveguides, and the N fourth waveguides Less than N/2.
  • the number of intersecting waveguides on each of the N first waveguides, the N second waveguides, the N third waveguides, and the N fourth waveguides is the same.
  • the cross waveguide may further include A fifth cross waveguide in which the first waveguide, the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide cross each other is realized.
  • the fifth cross-waveguide 23 for achieving mutual intersection between the first waveguide and the second waveguide may be specifically as shown in FIG. 4, and further, after adding the first cross-waveguide 19 and the second cross-waveguide 20 Specifically, it can be as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the fifth cross-waveguide 23 for realizing the intersection between the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide may be specifically as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the first waveguide is indicated by a solid line
  • the second waveguide is exemplified by a broken line
  • the third waveguide is indicated by a solid line
  • the fourth waveguide is an example of a broken line.
  • the purpose of setting the first cross-waveguide is to reduce the first waveguide, the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide. a difference in the number of the upper cross-waves, so that the first cross-waveguide is connected to the at least one first waveguide, and the first cross-waveguide is not connected to the second waveguide, the third waveguide, or the fourth waveguide, and specifically: Two of the first cross-waveguides are connected to a first waveguide, and the other two ports of the first cross-waveguide are vacant, that is, not connected to other devices.
  • the other two ports that are originally vacant may be further connected to the optical attenuator.
  • the other two ports that are originally vacant may be further connected to the photodetector.
  • the second cross waveguide is connected to the at least one second waveguide, and the second cross waveguide is not connected to the first waveguide and the third waveguide.
  • the fourth waveguide is connected, specifically, the two ports of the second cross-waveguide are connected to a second waveguide, and the other two ports of the second cross-waveguide are vacant; or the other two ports are connected to the light.
  • the attenuator is connected; or the other two ports are connected to the photodetector.
  • the third cross waveguide is connected to the at least one third waveguide, and the third cross waveguide is not connected to the fourth waveguide, the first waveguide,
  • the second waveguide is connected, specifically, the two ports of the third cross-waveguide are connected to a third waveguide, and the other two ports of the third cross-waveguide are vacant; or the other two ports are connected with light.
  • the attenuator is connected; or the other two ports are connected to the photodetector.
  • the at least one fourth waveguide is connected to the fourth cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide is not connected to the third waveguide, the first waveguide, and the
  • the second waveguide connection may be: two of the ports of the fourth cross-waveguide are connected to a fourth waveguide, the other two ports of the fourth cross-waveguide are vacant; or the other two ports and the optical attenuator Connect; or, The other two ports are connected to the photodetector.
  • the sum of L1 and L3 is equal to the sum of L2 and L4, and specifically, L1 is equal to L4, and L2 is equal to L3.
  • L1 equals L2 and L3 equals L4.
  • the L1 is equal to L4 and L2 is equal to L3, as shown in FIG. 4-7. 4 and 5, the length of the first waveguide shown by the solid line in FIG. 4 and FIG. 7 is the same as the length of the fourth waveguide shown by the broken line in FIGS. 6 and 7, and the second waveguide shown by the broken line in FIG. 4 and FIG.
  • the third waveguide indicated by the solid line in 7 has the same length. It should be noted that since the sum of the sum of L1 and L3 and the sum of L2 and L4 are equal, respectively, L1 is equal to L4 or L2, and L2 is equal to L3 or L4 may be approximately equal.
  • the structures of the first optical switch matrix module and the second optical switch matrix module may be the same or different.
  • the structures are different, it is necessary to ensure that the performance of the two optical switch matrix modules is the same or similar (ie, the introduced DGD and PDL are approximately equal).
  • the design can be simplified by selecting the first optical switch matrix module and the second optical switch matrix module having the same structure.
  • the input module 11 includes N input sub-modules 113, each of the input sub-modules 113 includes an input port and Two output ports.
  • the two output ports of the i-th input sub-module of the N input sub-modules 113 respectively correspond to the i-th output port of the first output port group 111 and the i-th output port of the second output port group 112.
  • the manner of determining the *th input submodule is the same as the manner of determining the *th output port in the first input port group and the *th output port in the second input port group. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the correspondence between the output ports of the N input sub-modules 113 of the input module 11 and the output ports of the first output port group 111 and the second output port group 112 can be specifically as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the correspondence between the two output ports is indicated by a double-headed arrow in FIG. It should be noted that the open circles in FIG. 8 indicate output ports, and the solid circles indicate input ports.
  • the output module 12 includes N output sub-modules 123, and each output sub-module 123 includes two input ports and one output port.
  • the two input ports of the i-th output sub-module of the N output sub-modules 123 respectively correspond to the i-th input port of the third input port group 121 and the i-th input port of the fourth input port group 122.
  • the manner of determining the *th output sub-module is the same as the manner of determining the *th output port of the third input port group and the *th output port of the fourth input port group.
  • the relationship between the input port of the N output sub-modules 123 of the output module 12 and the input port of the third input port group 121 and the fourth input port group 122 can be as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the correspondence between the two input ports is indicated by a double-headed arrow in FIG.
  • the open circles in FIG. 9 indicate output ports
  • the solid circles indicate input ports.
  • the input sub-module 113 includes an input coupler 1131 and a polarization rotating beam splitter (PSR) 1132 coupled to the input coupler 1131.
  • the input coupler 1131 is configured to acquire the input optical signal;
  • the polarization rotating beam splitter 1132 is configured to: the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode in the input optical signal Separating the optical signal from the first single mode optical signal from the first input The port group output is output, and the second single mode optical signal is output from the second output port group after being converted from the second mode to the first mode.
  • the purpose of the polarization rotating beam splitter 1132 of the present application is to complete the separation of the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal and the mode conversion of the second single mode optical signal, which is not true.
  • the order of separation and conversion is limited.
  • the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal may be separated first, and then the second single mode optical signal is converted from the second mode to the first mode; or
  • the second single mode optical signal may also be converted from the second mode to the first mode while separating the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal.
  • the open circles in FIG. 10 indicate output ports, and the solid circles indicate input ports.
  • the length of the waveguide connecting the input coupler 1131 and the polarization rotating beam splitter 1132 is L5.
  • L5 is a number greater than or equal to zero.
  • the length of the waveguide connecting the input coupler to the polarization rotating beam splitter is L5, and all waveguides connecting the input coupler to the polarization rotating beam splitter are not required. The length must be equal to L5, and the length between them can allow a certain difference as long as the DGD of the optical switch matrix is within its allowed DGD range.
  • the output sub-module 123 includes an output coupler 1231 and a polarization rotating combiner (PRC) 1232 connected to the output coupler 1231.
  • the polarization rotating combiner 1232 is configured to convert the first single mode optical signal input from the third input port group into a second mode, and input from the fourth input port group. The second single mode optical signals are combined; an output coupler 1231 is configured to output the combined optical signals.
  • PRC polarization rotating combiner
  • the first single-mode optical signal may be converted from the first mode to the second mode, and then combined with the second single-mode optical signal; or, the first single The mode light signal is combined with the second single mode optical signal while being converted from the first mode to the second mode.
  • the open circles in FIG. 11 indicate output ports, and the solid circles indicate input ports.
  • the length of the waveguide connecting the output coupler 1231 and the polarization rotating combiner 1232 is L5.
  • the input sub-module 113 includes an input coupler 1131 and a polarization rotating beam splitter 1132.
  • the output sub-module 123 includes an output coupler 1231 and a polarization rotating combiner 1232, and N is equal to 8 as an example.
  • the structure of the optical switch matrix can be specifically as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the optical switch matrix processes eight optical signals input from the optical fiber and outputs them to the optical fiber after processing.
  • FIG. 12 is only an optional implementation manner in which the input sub-module includes an input coupler and a PSR, and the output sub-module includes an output coupler and a PRC scenario, and the first optical switch matrix module is based on the implementation manner. It is exactly the same as the second optical switch matrix module.
  • the control mode is the same. It can be understood that the first optical switch matrix module switches the optical signal of the first input port to the third output port, and the second optical switch matrix module also switches the optical signal of the first input port. To the third output port.
  • the structure may also be modified as shown in FIG. 12
  • the input module 11 and the output module 12 are on different sides of the optical switch matrix.
  • the input module 11 and the output module 13 may also be on the same side of the optical switch matrix, such as shown in FIG.
  • the input module and the output module are on the same side of the optical switch matrix, or on different sides.
  • the solid line between the PSR and the first optical switch matrix module in FIGS. 12-14 represents the first waveguide
  • the dotted line between the PSR and the second optical switch matrix module represents the second waveguide
  • the first optical switch A solid line between the matrix module and the PRC represents a third waveguide
  • a broken line between the second optical switch matrix module and the PRC represents a fourth waveguide.
  • the input sub-module 113 includes an input coupler 1131, a polarization beam splitter (PBS) 1133, and a polarization converter (PR) 1134.
  • the polarization beam splitter 1133 is connected to the input coupler 1131 and the polarization converter 1134, respectively; the input coupler 1131 is configured to acquire the input optical signal; and the polarization beam splitter 1133 is configured to input the input optical signal Separating the first single mode optical signal from the second single mode optical signal, outputting the first single mode optical signal from the first output port group; and a polarization converter 1134 for The second single mode optical signal separated by the polarization beam splitter is output from the second output port group after being converted into the first mode by the second mode.
  • the open circles in FIG. 15 indicate output ports, and the solid circles indicate input ports. Further, in each of the input sub-modules 113, the length of the waveguide connecting the input coupler 1131 and the polarization beam splitter 1133 is L5.
  • the output sub-module 123 includes an output coupler 1231, a polarization converter (PR) 1233, and a polarization combiner (PBC) 1234.
  • PR polarization converter
  • PBC polarization combiner
  • the polarization combiner 1234 is connected to the output coupler 1231 and the polarization converter 1233, respectively; the polarization converter 1233 is configured to input the first single-mode optical signal from the third input port group by the first mode Converting to a second mode; a polarization combiner 1234, configured to output the first single mode mode optical signal output by the polarization converter, and the second single mode light input from the fourth input port group The signals are combined; an output coupler 1231 is configured to output the combined optical signals.
  • the open circles in FIG. 16 indicate output ports, and the solid circles indicate input ports.
  • the length of the waveguide connecting the output coupler 1231 and the polarization combiner 1234 is L5.
  • the embodiment of the present application may further provide an input sub-module 113 including an input coupler 1131, a polarization beam splitter 1133, and a polarization converter 1134.
  • the output sub-module 123 includes an output coupler 1231, a polarization converter 1233, and a polarization combiner.
  • the optical switch matrix of the example 1234 is different from the structure of the input sub-module and the output sub-module, and is not described here.
  • the input sub-module 113 includes a grating coupler 1135.
  • the grating coupler 1135 is configured to acquire the input optical signal, and separate the first single mode optical signal and the second single mode optical signal in the input optical signal, and the first single The mode light signal is output from the first output port group, and the second single mode optical signal is output from the second output port group after being converted from the second mode to the first mode.
  • the open circles in FIG. 17 indicate output ports, and the solid circles indicate input ports.
  • the output sub-module 123 includes a grating coupler 1235.
  • a grating coupler 1235 is configured to input from the third input port group After converting the single mode optical signal from the first mode to the second mode, combining with the second single mode optical signal input from the fourth input port group, and outputting the combined optical signal.
  • the open circles in FIG. 18 indicate output ports, and the solid circles indicate input ports.
  • the structure of the optical switch matrix provided by the embodiment of the present application may be as shown in FIG. 19, in which the input sub-module 113 includes a grating coupler 1135, the output sub-module 123 includes a grating coupler 1235, and N is equal to 8. As shown in FIG. 19, the optical switch matrix processes eight optical signals input from the optical fiber and outputs them to the optical fiber after processing. It should be noted that FIG. 19 is only an optional implementation manner in the case where the input sub-module includes a grating coupler and the output sub-module includes a grating coupler, and the first optical switch matrix module and the second light are based on the implementation manner. The switch matrix module is controlled in exactly the same way.
  • the structure may also be modified as shown in FIG. 19
  • the input module 11 and the output module 12 are on different sides of the optical switch matrix.
  • the input module 11 and the output module 13 may also be on the same side of the optical switch matrix, such as shown in FIG.
  • the solid line between the grating coupler and the first optical switch matrix module in FIGS. 19-20 represents the first waveguide
  • the dotted line between the grating coupler and the second optical switch matrix module represents the second waveguide
  • a solid line between the first optical switch matrix module and the grating coupler represents a third waveguide
  • a broken line between the second optical switch matrix module and the grating coupler represents a fourth waveguide.
  • all the input sub-modules in the same optical switch matrix in FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIG. 19, FIG. 20, FIG. 21 have the same composition (for example, both the input coupler and the polarization rotating beam splitter).
  • the composition of all the output sub-modules is the same (for example, including the grating coupler).
  • the composition of different input sub-modules in the same optical switch matrix may be different in the specific implementation, and this application does not limit this. .
  • composition of the input sub-module of the same optical switch matrix module in FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIG. 19, FIG. 20, FIG. 21 is symmetric with the composition of the output sub-module (for example, the input sub-module includes an input coupling And the polarization rotating beam splitter, the output sub-module including the output coupler and the polarization rotating combiner) are merely examples, and in the specific implementation, the composition of the input sub-module and the composition of the output sub-module in the same optical switch matrix may also be asymmetric (For example, the input sub-module includes an input coupler and a polarization rotating beam splitter, and the output sub-module includes an output coupler, a polarization converter, and a polarization combiner), which is not limited in this application.
  • the lengths of the solid lines and the broken lines in the above-mentioned FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 and FIG. 19 to FIG. 21 do not represent the length of the waveguide. Since the optical switch matrix provided by the present application requires the length of the waveguide, for example, L1 and L3. The sum is equal to the sum of L2 and L4, and the length of the waveguide connecting the input coupler to the polarization rotating beam splitter is L5 or the like, and thus a mode of realizing a set of waveguides of equal length is given as follows. It should be noted that the manner of implementing a set of equal length waveguides given in the present application is merely an example, and any manner of realizing a set of equal length waveguides belongs to the protection scope of the present application.
  • each of the original waveguides has the same length in the lateral direction, and the length of the waveguide after the first compensation can be satisfied by controlling the length in the longitudinal direction: m1 ⁇ m2 ⁇ ... ⁇ mN-1 ⁇ mN. If the lengths of the individual waveguides are not equal after the first compensation, a second compensation is required by the structure shown in the right half of Fig. 22, so that the lengths of the respective waveguides are equal.
  • the present application further provides a method for controlling an optical switch matrix.
  • the method is applied to the optical switch matrix provided by the foregoing embodiment.
  • the optical switch matrix includes an input module 11, an output module 12, a first optical switch matrix module 13 and a second optical switch matrix module 14; wherein the first optical switch matrix module 13 and the second optical switch matrix module 14 are respectively connected to the input module 11 and the output module 12; the method includes:
  • the input module 11 separates the first single-mode optical signal i1 and the second single-mode optical signal i2 among the ith optical signals of the input N optical signals, where the mode of the first single-mode optical signal i1 is the first mode.
  • the mode of the second single mode optical signal i2 is a second mode, and the first single mode optical signal i1 is output to the first optical switch matrix module through a first waveguide of length L1, and the After the mode of the second single mode optical signal i2 is converted from the second mode to the first mode, the second waveguide of the length L2 is output to the second optical switch matrix module; wherein N is an integer greater than 0, i is Any integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N;
  • the first optical switch matrix module 13 performs optical switching processing on the first single-mode optical signal i1 input from the input module 11, and is output to the output module through a third waveguide of length L3 after processing;
  • the second optical switch matrix module 14 performs optical switching processing on the second single-mode optical signal i2 input from the input module 11, and is output to the output module through a fourth waveguide of length L4 after processing;
  • the output module 12 converts the mode of the second single mode optical signal i2 input from the second optical switch matrix module 14 into the first module, and the first input from the first optical switch matrix module 13 A single mode optical signal i1 is combined, and the optical signals obtained after combining and combining are output;
  • a first cross waveguide is connected to at least one of the N first waveguides, and the first cross waveguide is not connected to the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide;
  • a second cross waveguide is connected to at least one second waveguide of the two waveguides, the second cross waveguide is not connected to the first waveguide, the third waveguide, and the fourth waveguide;
  • N third waveguides a third cross waveguide connected to the at least one third waveguide, the third cross waveguide not being connected to the fourth waveguide, the first waveguide, and the second waveguide; at least one of the N fourth waveguides
  • the fourth waveguide is connected to a fourth cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide is not connected to the third waveguide, the first waveguide, and the second waveguide.
  • the first single-mode optical signal i1 and the second single-mode optical signal i2 in the ith optical signal in the optical communication network pass through the same length of the waveguide in the first mode in the optical switch matrix.
  • the length of the waveguide passing through the optical switch matrix of the single mode optical signal of different modes is avoided, and the single mode optical signal of different modes is effective in the waveguide.
  • Different refractive indices result in different loss of single mode optical signals after passing through the optical switch matrix, and different transmission times required for different modes of single mode optical signals to pass through the optical switch matrix.
  • the control method of the optical switch matrix solves the problem that the optical signals in the optical communication network are large after the optical switch matrix is processed, and the PDL and the DGD are large. Moreover, by providing the first cross waveguide, the second cross waveguide, the third cross waveguide, and the fourth cross waveguide, the difference in the number of cross waveguides on different waveguides is reduced, thereby solving the problem of mutual crossover due to different waveguides. The number of crossed waveguides is large and causes a large PDL problem, thereby further reducing the PDL.

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Abstract

提供一种光开关矩阵及其控制方法，通过光通信网络中的第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号在光开关矩阵的内部都以第一模式经过了相同长度的波导且经过了相同器件的处理，并且也都进行了一次模式转换，解决了光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，PDL和DGD较大的问题；并且，通过设置第一交叉波导（19）、第二交叉波导（20）、第三交叉波导（21）和第四交叉波导（22），减少了不同波导上的交叉波导的个数的差异，从而进一步减小了PDL。

Description

光开关矩阵及其控制方法 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及光通信领域，尤其涉及一种光开关矩阵及其控制方法。
背景技术
随着光通信系统的快速发展和密集波分复用技术的提出，光开关矩阵成为光通信领域一个至关重要的元件，其可以实现路由选择、波长选择、光交叉连接等重要功能。
现有技术中，光通信网络中的光信号可以包括不同模式的单模光信号。通常，光开关矩阵主要是由波导以及由波导构成的器件组成，其中器件例如可以为光开关、偏振旋转分束器(Polarization Splitter Rotator，PSR)等。由于不同模式的单模光信号在光开关矩阵中经过的波导的长度不同以及不同模式的单模光信号在波导中的有效折射率不同，因此会出现不同模式的单模光信号在经过光开关矩阵后的损耗不同，以及不同模式的单模光信号经过光开关矩阵所需的传输时间不同的情况。
因此，现有技术中，存在光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，偏振相关损耗(Polarization Dependent Loss，PDL)和群速度色散时延(Dispersion Group Delay，DGD)较大的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种光开关矩阵及其控制方法，用以解决现有技术中存在光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，PDL和DGD较大的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供一种光开关矩阵，包括：
输入模块、输出模块、第一光开关矩阵模块和第二光开关矩阵模块；其中，所述输入模块包括第一输出端口组和第二输出端口组，所述第一光开关矩阵模块包括第一输入端口组和第三输出端口组，所述第二光开关矩阵模块包括第二输入端口组和第四输出端口组，所述输出模块包括第三输入端口组和第四输入端口组；各输出端口组以及各输入端口组中包括的端口个数都为N，N为大于0的整数；
所述第一输出端口组中的端口与所述第一输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L1的第一波导一一对应连接；所述第二输出端口组中的端口与所述第二输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L2的第二波导一一对应连接；所述第三输出端口组中的端口与所述第三输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L3的第三波导一一对应连接，所述第四输出端口组中的端口与所述第四输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L4的第四波导一一对应连接；L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等；
其中，N条第一波导中的至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导，所述第一交叉波导不与所述第二波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第二波导中的至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导，所述第二交叉波导不与所述第一波导、所 述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第三波导中的至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导，所述第三交叉波导不与所述第四波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接；N条第四波导中的至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导，所述第四交叉波导不与所述第三波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接；
所述输入模块，用于将输入的光信号中的第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号分离，所述第一单模光信号的模式为第一模式，所述第二单模信号的模式为第二模式，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输出端口组输出，并将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出；
所述第一光开关矩阵模块，用于对从所述第一输入端口组输入的光信号进行光交换处理，并在处理后从所述第三输出端口组输出；
所述第二光开关矩阵模块，用于对从所述第二输入端口组输入的光信号进行光交换处理，并在处理后从所述第四输出端口组输出；
所述输出模块，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式后，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的第二单模光信号进行合并，并对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输入模块包括2N个输出端口；
所述2N个输出端口中的第i×2-1个输出端口对应所述第一输出端口组中的第i个输出端口，所述2N个输出端口中的第i×2个输出端口对应所述第二输出端口组中的第i个输出端口；其中，i为大于0且小于或等于N的整数。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输出模块包括2N个输入端口；
所述2N个输入端口中的第i×2-1个输入端口对应所述第三输入端口组中的第i个输入端口，所述2N个输入端口中的第i×2个输入端口对应所述第四输入端口组中的第i个输入端口；其中，i为大于0且小于或等于N的整数。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第一输出端口组中的第i个输出端口与所述第一输入端口组中的第i个输入端口对应，所述第二输出端口组中的第i个输出端口与所述第二输入端口组中的第i个输入端口对应，所述第三输出端口组中的第i个输出端口与所述第三输入端口组中的第i个输入端口对应，所述第四输出端口组中的第i个输出端口与所述第四输入端口组中的第i个输入端口对应；
其中，i为大于0且小于或等于N的整数。
在一种可能的设计中，L1等于L4，L2等于L3。
在一种可能的设计中，L1等于L2，L3等于L4。
在一种可能的设计中，N个所述第一波导、N条所述第二波导、N条所述第三波导以及N条所述第四波导中每条波导上的交叉波导的个数相同。
在一种可能的设计中，N条所述第一波导、N条所述第二波导、N条所述第三波导以及N条所述第四波导中两两波导上的交叉波导的个数的差值小于N/2。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第一交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第一波导连接，所述第一交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者，所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接，所述光衰减器用于吸收所述一条第一波导中的串扰光；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第二交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第二波导连接，所述第二交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者，所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接，所述光衰减器用于吸收所述一条第二波导中的串扰光；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第三交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第三波导连接，所述第三交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者，所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接，所述光衰减器用于吸收所述一条第三波导中的串扰光；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第四交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第四波导连接，所述第四交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接，所述光衰减器用于吸收所述一条第四波导中的串扰光；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第一光开关矩阵模块与所述第二光开关矩阵模块的结构相同。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输入模块包括N个输入子模块，每个输入子模块包含一个输入端口和两个输出端口；
所述N个输入子模块中第i个输入子模块的两个输出端口分别对应于所述第一输出端口组的第i个输出端口和所述第二输出端口组的第i个输出端口。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输入子模块包括：输入耦合器以及与所述输入耦合器连接的偏振旋转分束器PSR；
所述输入耦合器，用于获取所述输入的光信号；
所述偏振旋转分束器，用于将所述输入的光信号中的所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输出端口组输出，并将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出。
在一种可能的设计中，每个所述输入子模块中，所述连接所述输入耦合器与所述偏振旋转分束器的波导的长度均为L5。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输入子模块包括：输入耦合器、偏振分束器PBS以及偏振转换器PR；
其中，所述偏振分束器分别与所述输入耦合器和所述偏振转换器连接；
所述输入耦合器，用于获取所述输入的光信号；
所述偏振分束器，用于将所述输入的光信号中的所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输出端口组输出；
所述偏振转换器，用于将所述偏振分束器分离出的所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出。
在一种可能的设计中，每个所述输入子模块中，连接所述输入耦合器与所述偏振分束器的波导的长度均为L5。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输入子模块包括：光栅耦合器。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输出模块包括N个输出子模块，每个输出子模块包含两个输入端口和一个输出端口；
所述N个输出子模块中第i个输出子模块的两个输入端口分别对应于所述第三输入端口组的第i个输入端口和所述第四输入端口组的第i个输入端口。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输出子模块包括：输出耦合器以及与所述输出耦合器连接的偏振旋转合束器PRC；
其中，所述偏振旋转合束器，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的所述第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式后，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的所述第二单模光信号进行合并；
所述输出耦合器，用于对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。
在一种可能的设计中，每个所述输出子模块中，连接所述输出耦合器与所述偏振旋转合束器的波导长度的均为L5。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输出子模块包括：输出耦合器、偏振转换器PR以及偏振合束器PBC；
其中，所述偏振合束器分别与所述输出耦合器和所述偏振转换器连接；
所述偏振转换器，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的所述第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式；
所述偏振合束器，用于将所述偏振转换器输出的所述第一单模模式光信号，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的所述第二单模光信号进行合并；
所述输出耦合器，用于对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。
在一种可能的设计中，每个所述输出子模块中，连接所述输出耦合器与所述偏振合束器的波导的长度均为L5。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输出子模块包括：光栅耦合器。
在一种可能的设计中，所述输入模块和所述输出模块在所述光开关矩阵的同一侧；或者，所述输入模块和所述输出模块在所述光开关矩阵的不同侧。
第二方面，本申请提供一种光开关矩阵的控制方法，所述方法应用于光开关矩阵，所述光开关矩阵包括输入模块、输出模块、第一光开关矩阵模块和第二光开关矩阵模块；其中，所述第一光开关矩阵模块和所述第二光开关矩阵模块都分别与所述输入模块和所述输出模块连接；所述方法包括：
所述输入模块将输入的N路光信号中第i路光信号中的第一单模光信号i1和第二单模光信号i2分离，所述第一单模光信号i1的模式为第一模式，所述第二单模光信号i2的模式为第二模式，将所述第一单模光信号i1通过长度为L1的第一波导输出至所述第一光开关矩阵模块，并将所述第二单模光信号i2的模式由第二模式转换为第一模式后，通过长度为L2的第二波导输出至所述第二光开关矩阵模块；其中，N为大于0的整数，i为大于0且小于或等于N的任意整数；
所述第一光开关矩阵模块对从所述输入模块输入的所述第一单模光信号i1进行光交换处理，并在处理后通过长度为L3的第三波导输出至所述输出模块；
所述第二光开关矩阵模块对从所述输入模块输入的所述第二单模光信号i2进行光交换处理，并在处理后通过长度为L4的第四波导输出至所述输出模块；
所述输出模块将从所述第二光开关矩阵模块输入的所述第二单模光信号i2的模式由第二模式转换为第一模块后，与从所述第一光开关矩阵模块输入的所述第一单 模光信号i1进行合并，对并合并后获得的光信号进行输出；
其中，L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等；
N条第一波导中的至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导，所述第一交叉波导不与所述第二波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第二波导中的至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导，所述第二交叉波导不与所述第一波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第三波导中的至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导，所述第三交叉波导不与所述第四波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接；N条第四波导中的至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导，所述第四交叉波导不与所述第三波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接。
本申请提供的光开关矩阵及其控制方法，通过光通信网络中的第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号在光开关矩阵的内部都以第一模式经过了相同长度的波导且经过了相同器件的处理，并且也都进行了一次模式转换，避免了由于不同模式的单模光信号在光开关矩阵中经过的波导的长度不同以及不同模式的单模光信号在波导中的有效折射率不同，而导致会出现不同模式的单模光信号在经过光开关矩阵后的损耗不同，以及不同模式的单模光信号经过光开关矩阵所需的传输时间不同的情况。因此，本申请提供的光开关矩阵，解决了光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，PDL和DGD较大的问题。并且，通过设置第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导，减少了不同波导上的交叉波导的个数的差异，从而解决了由于不同波导上用于实现相互交叉的交叉波导的个数差别较大而引起PDL较大的问题，从而进一步减小了PDL。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种输入模块的输出端口的划分示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种输出模块中输入端口的划分示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种第一波导与第二波导通过第五交叉波导相互交叉的结构示意图；
图5为在图4的基础上增加第一交叉波导和第二交叉波导的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种第三波导与第四波导通过第五交叉波导相互交叉的结构示意图；
图7为在图6的基础上增加第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种输入子模块的输出端口的划分示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种输出子模块中输入端口的划分示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种输入子模块的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种输出子模块的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种输入子模块的结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种输出子模块的结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种输入子模块的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种输出子模块的结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构示意图；
图21为本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构示意图；
图22为本申请实施例提供的一种实现一组长度相等的波导的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请可以应用于光开关矩阵中，所述光开关矩阵用于对光通信网络中的光信号进行波长选择、路由选择等处理。其中，光通信网络中的光信号可以包括不同模式的单模光信号，例如包括模式为第一模式的第一单模光信号和模式为第二模式的第二单模光信号。其中，所述第一模式具体可以为横电波(Transverse Electric Wave，TE)模，所述第二模式具体可以为横磁波(Transverse Magnetic Wave，TM)模；或者，所述第一模式具体可以为TM模，所述第二模式具体可以为TE模。
光开关矩阵实施例一
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构示意图。如图1所示，本实施例的光开关矩阵可以包括：输入模块11、输出模块12、第一光开关矩阵模块13、第二光开关矩阵模块14。其中，输入模块11包括第一输出端口组111和第二输出端口组112，第一光开关矩阵模块13包括第一输入端口组131和第三输出端口组132，第二光开关矩阵模块14包括第二输入端口组141和第四输出端口组142，输出模块12包括第三输入端口组121和第四输入端口组122；各输出端口组以及各输入端口组中包括的端口个数都为N，N为大于0的整数；
第一输出端口组111中的端口与第一输入端口组131中的端口之间通过长度为L1的第一波导15一一对应连接；第二输出端口组112中的端口与第二输入端口组141中的端口之间通过长度为L2的第二波导16一一对应连接；第三输出端口组132中的端口与第三输入端口组121中的端口之间通过长度为L3的第三波导17一一对应连接，第四输出端口组142中的端口与第四输入端口组122中的端口之间通过长度为L4的第四波导18一一对应连接；L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等；
其中，N条第一波导15中的至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导19，第一交叉波导19不与第二波导16、第三波导17、第四波导18连接；N条第二波导16中的至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导20，第二交叉波导20不与第一波导15、第三波导17、第四波导18连接；N条第三波导17中的至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导21，第三交叉波导21不与第四波导18、第一波导15、第二波导16连接；N条第四波导18中的至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导22，第四交叉波导22不与第三波导17、第一波导15、第二波导16连接；
输入模块11，用于将输入的光信号中的第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号分离，所述第一单模光信号的模式为第一模式，所述第二单模信号的模式为第二模 式，将所述第一单模光信号从第一输出端口组111输出，并将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从第二输出端口组112输出；
第一光开关矩阵模块13，用于对从第一输入端口组131输入的光信号进行光交换处理，并在处理后从第三输出端口组132输出；
第二光开关矩阵模块14，用于对从第二输入端口组141输入的光信号进行光交换处理，并在处理后从第四输出端口组142输出；
输出模块12，用于将从第三输入端口组121输入的第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式后，与从第四输入端口组122输入的第二单模光信号进行合并，并对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。
需要说明的是，L1、L2、L3、L4都为大于或等于0的数。并且，由于光开关矩阵通常能够允许一定的DGD，因此所述L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等，具体是指L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和近似相等。即，L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和的差值与光开关矩阵能够允许的DGD有关。具体的，第一模式或第二模式的光信号在该差值长度的波导中的传输时间应小于或等于能够允许的DGD。需要说明的是，光信号在波导中的传输时延与波导的群折射率会印有关，因此该差值的具体大小还与波导的群折射率有关。并且，由于群折射率与波导的材料、截面的大小有关，因此差值的具体大小最终与波导的材料、截面的大小以及能够允许的DGD有关。其中，本申请提供的光开关矩阵能够允许的DGD可以为10皮秒，此时当波导的尺寸为500×220nm，波导的芯层为硅，衬底为二氧化硅时，该差值大约在700-800微米之间。
对于模式为第一模式的第一单模光信号，其在光开关矩阵中经过的路径具体为：以第一模式通过输入模块的第一输出端口组中的端口进入第一光开关矩阵模块的第一输入端口组中的端口，并通过第一光开关矩阵模块的第三输出端口组中的端口进入输出模块的第三输入端口组中的端口，最后在输出模块中将模式由第一模式转换为第二模式后输出。对于模式为第二模式的第二单模光信号，其在光开关矩阵中经过的路径具体为：在输入模块中将模式由第二模式转换为第一模式，以第一模式通过输入模块的第二输出端口组中的端口进入第二光开关矩阵模块的第二输入端口组中的端口，并通过第二光开关矩阵模块的第四输出端口组中的端口进入输入模块的第四输入端口组中的端口，最后通过输出模块输出。
并且，由于第一输出端口组中的端口与第一输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L1的第一波导一一对应连接；第二输出端口组中的端口与第二输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L2的第二波导一一对应连接；第三输出端口组中的端口与第三输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L3的第三波导一一对应连接，第四输出端口组中的端口与第四输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L4的第四波导一一对应连接；且，L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等。
因此，可以看出，对于光通信网络中的第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号来说其在光开关矩阵的内部都以第一模式经过了相同长度的波导且经过了相同器件的处理，并且也都进行了一次模式转换。本实施例提供的光开关矩阵避免了由于不同模式的单模光信号在光开关矩阵中经过的波导的长度不同以及不同模式的单模光信号在波导中的有效折射率不同，而导致会出现不同模式的单模光信号在经过光开关矩 阵后的损耗不同，以及不同模式的单模光信号经过光开关矩阵所需的传输时间不同的情况。因此，本实施例提供的光开关矩阵，解决了光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，PDL和DGD较大的问题。
本实施例中，至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导，且第一交叉波导不与第二波导、第三波导、第四波导连接；至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导，且第二交叉波导不与第一波导、第三波导、第四波导连接；至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导，且第三交叉波导不与第四波导、第一波导、第二波导连接；至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导，且第四交叉波导不与第三波导、第一波导、第二波导连接。可以看出，本实施例提供的光开关矩阵模块中的第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导并不是由于第一波导、第二波导、第三波导与第四波导之间需要相互交叉而引入的交叉波导。本实施例中，由于第一波导、第二波导、第三波导、第四波导之间存在用于实现相互交叉的交叉波导，且不同波导上的用于实现相互交叉的交叉波导的个数不同，而交叉波导会引起光信号损耗的增加。因此，在不增加第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导时，存在由于不同波导上用于实现相互交叉的交叉波导的个数差别较大而导致PDL较大的问题。通过设置第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导，减少了不同波导上的交叉波导的个数的差异，从而解决了由于不同波导上用于实现相互交叉的交叉波导的个数差别较大而引起PDL较大的问题，从而进一步减小了PDL。同时，由于交叉波导也会影响光信号的传输时延，因此通过设置第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导也可以进一步的解决DGD较大的问题。
需要说明的是，由于N越大时，第一波导、第二波导、第三波导和第四波导上用于实现相互交叉的交叉波导的个数的差异相差越大，因此N越大时通过设置第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导所带来的改进效果越好。
需要说明的是，图1中的空心圆圈表示端口。
本实施例中，通过光通信网络中的第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号在光开关矩阵的内部都以第一模式经过了相同长度的波导且经过了相同器件的处理，并且也都进行了一次模式转换，避免了由于不同模式的单模光信号在光开关矩阵中经过的波导的长度不同以及不同模式的单模光信号在波导中的有效折射率不同，而导致会出现不同模式的单模光信号在经过光开关矩阵后的损耗不同，以及不同模式的单模光信号经过光开关矩阵所需的传输时间不同的情况。因此，本实施例提供的光开关矩阵，解决了光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，PDL和DGD较大的问题。并且，通过设置第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导，从而解决了由于不同波导上用于实现相互交叉的交叉波导的个数差别较大而引起PDL较大的问题，从而进一步减小了PDL。
光开关矩阵实施例二
与图1类似，本实施例的光开关矩阵可以包括：输入模块11、输出模块12、第一单偏振光开关矩阵模块13和第二单偏振光开关矩阵模块14；其中，第一单偏振光 开关矩阵模块13和第二单偏振光开关矩阵模块14都与输入模块11及输出模块12连接。其中，
输入模块11，用于将输入的N路光信号中的第k路光信号中的第一单模光信号k1和第二单模光信号k2分离，所述第一单模光信号k1的模式为第一模式，所述第二单模光信号k2的模式为第二模式，将所述第一单模光信号k1通过长度为L1的第一波导输出至第一光开关矩阵模块13，并将所述第二光信号k2由第二模式转换为第一模式后，通过长度为L2的第二波导输出至第二光开关矩阵模块14；其中，k为大于0且小于或等于N的任意整数；
第一光开关矩阵模块13，用于对从输入模块11输入的所述第一单模光信号k1进行光交换处理，并在处理后通过长度为L3的第三波导输出至输出模块12；
第二光开关矩阵模块14，用于对输入模块11输入的所述第二单模光信号k2进行光交换处理，并在处理后通过长度为L4的第四波导输出至输出模块12；
输出模块12，用于将从第二光开关矩阵模块14输入的所述第二单模光信号k2的模式由第二模式转换为第一模块后，与从第一光开关矩阵模块13输入的所述第一单模光信号k1进行合并，并对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。
其中，L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等。
N条第一波导中的至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导，第一交叉波导不与第二波导、第三波导、第四波导连接；N条第二波导中的至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导，第二交叉波导不与第一波导、第三波导、第四波导连接；N条第三波导中的至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导，第三交叉波导不与第四波导、第一波导、第二波导连接；N条第四波导中的至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导，第四交叉波导不与第三波导、第一波导、第二波导连接。
需要说明的是，第一光开关矩阵模块对第一单模光信号k1进行的处理与第二光开关矩阵模块对第二单模光信号k2进行的处理应相同。
本实施例中，通过第一单模光信号k1和第二单模光信号k2在光开关矩阵的内部都以第一模式经过了相同长度的波导且经过了相同器件的处理，并且也都进行了一次模式转换，避免了由于不同模式的单模光信号在光开关矩阵中经过的波导的长度不同以及不同模式的单模光信号在波导中的有效折射率不同，而导致会出现不同模式的单模光信号在经过光开关矩阵后的损耗不同，以及不同模式的单模光信号经过光开关矩阵所需的传输时间不同的情况。因此，本实施例提供的光开关矩阵，解决了光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，PDL和DGD较大的问题。
需要说明的是，本实施例与图1所示实施例的区别主要在于：图1所示实施例主要从光开关矩阵的结构的角度对本申请提供的光开关矩阵进行说明，本实施例主要从光开关矩阵对第k路光信号进行处理的角度对本申请提供的光开关矩阵进行说明。本实施例解决光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，PDL和DGD较大的问题的原理与图1所示实施例类似，在此不再赘述。
光开关矩阵实施例三
可选的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一和实施例二的基础上，进一步的，输入 模块11包括2N个输出端口。其中，输入模块11的2N个输出端口中的第i×2-1个输出端口对应第一输出端口组111中的第i个输出端口，输入模块11的2N个输出端口中的第i×2个输出端口对应第二输出端口组112中的第i个输出端口；其中，i为大于0且小于或等于N的整数。
以N等于8为例，输入模块11的2N个输出端口中的输出端口与第一输出端口组111和第二输出端口组112中的输出端口之间的对应关系具体可以如图2所示。图2中，以双向箭头表示两个输出端口之间的对应关系。具体的，输入模块11的16个输出端口中的第1个输出端口对应第一输出端口组111中的第1个输出端口，输入模块11的16个输出端口中的第2个输出端口对应第二输出端口组112中的第1个输出端口，输入模块11的16个输出端口中的第3个输出端口对应第一输出端口组111中的第2个输出端口，输入模块11的16个输出端口中的第4个输出端口对应第二输出端口组112中的第2个输出端口，……。
类似的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一和实施例二的基础上，进一步的，输出模块12包括2N个输入端口。其中，输出模块12的2N个输入端口中的第i×2-1个输入端口对应第三输入端口组121中的第i个输入端口，输出模块12的2N个输入端口中的第i×2个输入端口对应第四输入端口组122中的第i个输入端口。
以N等于8为例，输出模块12的2N个输入端口中的输入端口与第三输入端口组121和第四输入端口组122中的输入端口之间的对应关系具体可以如图3所示。图3中，以双向箭头表示两个输入端口之间的对应关系。具体的，输出模块12的16个输入端口中的第1个输入端口对应第三输入端口组121中的第1个输入端口，输出模块12的16个输入端口中的第2个输入端口对应第四输入端口组122中的第1个输入端口，输出模块12的16个输入端口中的第3个输入端口对应第三输入端口组121中的第2个输入端口，输出模块12的16个输入端口中的第4个输入端口对应第四输入端口组122中的第2个输入端口，……。
需要说明的是，第*个输出端口具体可以为所述光开关矩阵从上到下的第*个输出端口或者也可以为所述光开关矩阵从下到上的第*个输出端口，第*个输入端口具体可以为所述光开关矩阵从上到下的第*个输入端口或者也可以所述光开关矩阵从下到上第*个输入端口。其中，*等于为1、2、……。图2及图3中的空心圆圈表示端口。
可选的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一和实施例二的基础上，进一步的，第一输出端口组111中的端口与第一输入端口组131中的端口之间的对应关系具体可以为：第一输出端口组111中的第i个输出端口与第一输入端口组131中的第i个输入端口对应。第二输出端口组112中的端口与第二输入端口组141中的端口之间的对应关系具体可以为：第二输出端口组112中的第i个输出端口与第二输入端口组141中的第i个输入端口对应。第三输出端口组132中的端口与第三输入端口组121中的端口之间的对应关系具体可以为：第三输出端口组132中的第i个输出端口与第三输入端口组121中的第i个输入端口对应。第四输出端口组142中的端口与第四输入端口组122中的端口之间的对应关系具体可以为：第四输出端口组142中的第i个输出端口与第四输入端口组122中的第i个输入端口对应。
可选的，由于光开关矩阵通常都能够允许一定的PDL，因此可以根据光开关矩阵能够允许的PDL对第一波导、第二波导、第三波导及第四波导上的交叉波导的个数进行限制。具体的，可以为N条所述第一波导、N条所述第二波导、N条所述第三波导以及N条所述第四波导中两两波导上的交叉波导的个数的差值小于N/2。可选的，N个所述第一波导、N条所述第二波导、N条所述第三波导以及N条所述第四波导中每条波导上的交叉波导的个数相同。
需要说明的是，所述交叉波导除了包括上述用于减小不同波导上交叉波导个数差异的第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导以及第四交叉波导，还可以包括用于实现所述第一波导、所述第二波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导之间相互交叉的第五交叉波导。其中，关于实现所述第一波导与所述第二波导之间相互交叉的第五交叉波导23具体可以如图4所示，进一步的，在增加第一交叉波导19和第二交叉波导20后具体可以如图5所示。关于实现所述第三波导与所述第四波导之间相互交叉的第五交叉波导23具体可以如图6所示，进一步的，在增加第三交叉波导21和第四交叉波导22后具体可以如图7所示。需要说明的是，图4和图5中以实线表示第一波导、虚线表示第二波导为例；图6和图7中以实线表示第三波导、虚线表示第四波导为例。
可选的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一和实施例二的基础上，由于设置所述第一交叉波导的目的是为了减小第一波导与第二波导、第三波导和第四波导上交叉波导的个数的差异，因此所述至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导，且第一交叉波导不与第二波导、第三波导、第四波导连接，具体可以为：所述第一交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第一波导连接，所述第一交叉波导的另外2个端口空置，即不与其他器件连接。或者，为了能够达到吸收所述一条第一波导中的串扰光的目的，可以进一步的将原本空置的所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接。又或者，为了达到探测所述一条第一波导中的光信号的目的，可以进一步的将原本空置的所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
类似的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一和实施例二的基础上，所述至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导，且第二交叉波导不与第一波导、第三波导、第四波导连接，具体可以为：所述第二交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第二波导连接，所述第二交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者，所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
类似的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一和实施例二的基础上，所述至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导，且第三交叉波导不与第四波导、第一波导、第二波导连接，具体可以为：所述第三交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第三波导连接，所述第三交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者，所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
类似的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一和实施例二的基础上，所述至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导，且第四交叉波导不与第三波导、第一波导、第二波导连接，具体可以为：所述第四交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第四波导连接，所述第四交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接；或者，所 述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
可选的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一和实施例二的基础上，进一步的，所述L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等，具体可以为：L1等于L4，L2等于L3；或者也可以为L1等于L2，L3等于L4。具体的，可以参照图4-图7实现所述L1等于L4、L2等于L3。其中，图4、图5中实线表示的第一波导的长度与图6、图7中虚线表示的第四波导的长度相同，图4、图5虚线表示的第二波导与图6、图7中实线表示的第三波导的长度相同。需要说明的是，由于L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等中的相等可以为近似相等，因此，L1等于L4或L2，L2等于L3或L4也可以为近似相等。
可选的，上述第一光开关矩阵模块与所述第二光开关矩阵模块的结构可以相同也可以不同。当结构不相同时，需要确保两个光开关矩阵模块的性能相同或相近(即，引入的DGD和PDL近似相等)。本实施例中通过选择结构相同的第一光开关矩阵模块和第二光开关矩阵模块，可以简化设计。
光开关矩阵实施例四
可选的，在本申请光开关矩阵实施例一、实施例二和实施例三的基础上，进一步的，输入模块11包括N个输入子模块113，每个输入子模块113包含一个输入端口和两个输出端口。其中，N个输入子模块113中第i个输入子模块的两个输出端口分别对应于第一输出端口组111的第i个输出端口和第二输出端口组112的第i个输出端口。需要说明的是，上述第*个输入子模块的确定方式与第一输入端口组中的第*个输出端口以及第二输入端口组中的第*个输出端口的确定方式一致。以N等于8为例，输入模块11的N个输入子模块113中的输出端口与第一输出端口组111和第二输出端口组112中的输出端口之间的对应关系具体可以如图8所示。图8中以双向箭头表示两个输出端口之间的对应关系。需要说明的是，图8中的空心圆圈表示输出端口，实心圆圈表示输入端口。
可选的，与输入模块11类似，进一步的，输出模块12包括N个输出子模块123，每个输出子模块123包含两个输入端口和一个输出端口。其中，N个输出子模块123中第i个输出子模块的两个输入端口分别对应于第三输入端口组121的第i个输入端口和第四输入端口组122的第i个输入端口。需要说明的是，上述第*个输出子模块的确定方式与第三输入端口组中的第*个输出端口以及第四输入端口组中的第*个输出端口的确定方式一致。以N等于8为例，输出模块12的N个输出子模块123中的输入端口与第三输入端口组121和第四输入端口组122中的输入端口之间的对应关系具体可以如图9所示。图9中以双向箭头表示两个输入端口之间的对应关系。需要说明的是，图9中的空心圆圈表示输出端口，实心圆圈表示输入端口。
以下给出输入子模块及输出子模块几种可选的是实现方式。
方式一
如图10所示，进一步可选的，输入子模块113包括：输入耦合器1131以及与输入耦合器1131连接的偏振旋转分束器(PSR)1132。其中，输入耦合器1131，用于获取所述输入的光信号；偏振旋转分束器1132，用于将所述输入的光信号中的所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输 出端口组输出，并将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出。需要说明的是，本申请的偏振旋转分束器1132的目的的是了完成第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号的分离以及第二单模光信号的模式的转换，其并不对分离和转换的先后顺序做限制。例如，在具体实现时可以先将所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离，再将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式；或者，也可以在将所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离的同时将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式。需要说明的是，图10中的空心圆圈表示输出端口，实心圆圈表示输入端口。进一步可选的，每个输入子模块113中，连接输入耦合器1131与偏振旋转分束器1132的波导的长度均为L5。
需要说明的是，L5为大于或等于0的数。并且，由于光开关矩阵通常能够允许一定的DGD，因此所述连接输入耦合器与偏振旋转分束器的波导的长度均为L5，并不要求所有连接输入耦合器与偏振旋转分束器的波导的长度都必须等于L5，其相互间的长度可以允许一定的差值，只要使得光开关矩阵的DGD在其允许的DGD范围内即可。
与输入子模块113类似，如图11所示，进一步可选的，输出子模块123包括：输出耦合器1231以及与输出耦合器1231连接的偏振旋转合束器(PRC)1232。其中，偏振旋转合束器1232，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式后，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的所述第二单模光信号进行合并；输出耦合器1231，用于对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。需要说明的是，本申请的偏振旋转合束器1232的目的的是了完成第一单模光信号的模式的转换以及第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号的合并，其并不会合并和转换的先后顺序做限制。例如，在具体实现时可以先将所述第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式后，再与第二单模光信号进行合并；或者，也可以在将所述第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式的同时与第二单模光信号进行合并。需要说明的是，图11中的空心圆圈表示输出端口，实心圆圈表示输入端口。进一步可选的，每个输出子模块123中，连接输出耦合器1231与偏振旋转合束器1232的波导长度的均为L5。
以输入子模块113包括输入耦合器1131和偏振旋转分束器1132，输出子模块123包括输出耦合器1231和偏振旋转合束器1232，且N等于8为例，本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构具体可以如图12所示。如图12所示，光开关矩阵对从光纤输入的8路光信号进行处理，并在处理后输出至光纤。需要说明的是，图12仅为在输入子模块包括输入耦合器和PSR，输出子模块包括输出耦合器和PRC场景下的一种可选的实现方式，基于该实现方式第一光开关矩阵模块与第二光开关矩阵模块的控制方式完全相同。这里控制方式相同可以理解为，第一光开关矩阵模块将其第一个输入端口的光信号交换至第三个输出端口，第二光开关矩阵模块也将其第一个输入端口的光信号交换至第三个输出端口。
可选的，对于图12所示的光开关矩阵，其结构还可以变形为图13所示。
图12中，输入模块11和输出模块12在所述光开关矩阵的不同侧，可选的，输入模块11与输出模块13也可以在光开关矩阵的同侧，例如图14所示。本申请实施例中通过所述输入模块和所述输出模块在所述光开关矩阵的同侧，或者不同侧，可 以向光纤提供灵活的连接方式。
需要说明的是，图12-图14中PSR与第一光开关矩阵模块之间的实线表示第一波导，PSR与第二光开关矩阵模块之间的虚线表示第二波导，第一光开关矩阵模块与PRC之间的实线表示第三波导，第二光开关矩阵模块与PRC之间的虚线表示第四波导。
方式二
如图15所示，进一步可选的，输入子模块113包括：输入耦合器1131、偏振分束器(PBS)1133以及偏振转换器(PR)1134。其中，偏振分束器1133分别与输入耦合器1131和偏振转换器1134连接；输入耦合器1131，用于获取所述输入的光信号；偏振分束器1133，用于将所述输入的光信号中的所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输出端口组输出；偏振转换器1134，用于将所述偏振分束器分离出的所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出。需要说明的是，图15中的空心圆圈表示输出端口，实心圆圈表示输入端口。进一步可选的，每个输入子模块113中，连接输入耦合器1131与偏振分束器1133的波导的长度均为L5。
与输入子模块113类似，如图16所示，进一步可选的，输出子模块123包括：输出耦合器1231、偏振转换器(PR)1233以及偏振合束器(PBC)1234。其中，偏振合束器1234分别与输出耦合器1231和偏振转换器1233连接；偏振转换器1233，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的所述第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式；偏振合束器1234，用于将所述偏振转换器输出的所述第一单模模式光信号，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的所述第二单模光信号进行合并；输出耦合器1231，用于对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。需要说明的是，图16中的空心圆圈表示输出端口，实心圆圈表示输入端口。进一步可选的，每个输出子模块123中，连接输出耦合器1231与偏振合束器1234的波导的长度均为L5。
本申请实施例还可以提供一种以输入子模块113包括输入耦合器1131、偏振分束器1133以及偏振转换器1134，输出子模块123包括输出耦合器1231、偏振转换器1233以及偏振合束器1234为例的光开关矩阵，其结构与图12的区别主要在于输入子模块和输出子模块所包括的器件不同，在此不再赘述。
方式三
如图17所示，进一步可选的，输入子模块113包括：光栅耦合器1135。其中，光栅耦合器1135用于获取所述输入的光信号，将所述输入的光信号中的所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输出端口组输出，并将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出。需要说明的是，图17中的空心圆圈表示输出端口，实心圆圈表示输入端口。
与输入子模块113类似，如图18所示，进一步可选的，输出子模块123包括：光栅耦合器1235。其中，光栅耦合器1235，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的第 一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式后，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的所述第二单模光信号进行合并，并对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。需要说明的是，图18中的空心圆圈表示输出端口，实心圆圈表示输入端口。
以输入子模块113包括光栅耦合器1135，输出子模块123包括光栅耦合器1235，且N等于8为例，本申请实施例提供的一种光开关矩阵的结构具体可以如图19所示。如图19所示，光开关矩阵对从光纤输入的8路光信号进行处理，并在处理后输出至光纤。需要说明的是，图19仅为在输入子模块包括光栅耦合器，输出子模块包括光栅耦合器场景下的一种可选的实现方式，基于该实现方式第一光开关矩阵模块与第二光开关矩阵模块的控制方式完全相同。
可选的，对于图19所示的光开关矩阵，其结构还可以变形为图20所示。
图19中，输入模块11和输出模块12在所述光开关矩阵的不同侧，可选的，输入模块11与输出模块13也可以在光开关矩阵的同侧，例如图21所示。
需要说明的是，图19-图20中光栅耦合器与第一光开关矩阵模块之间的实线表示第一波导，光栅耦合器与第二光开关矩阵模块之间的虚线表示第二波导，第一光开关矩阵模块与光栅耦合器之间的实线表示第三波导，第二光开关矩阵模块与光栅耦合器之间的虚线表示第四波导。
需要说明的是，图12、图13、图14、图19、图20、图21中同一光开关矩阵中所有输入子模块的组成都相同(例如，都包括输入耦合器和偏振旋转分束器)、所有输出子模块的组成都相同(例如，都包括光栅耦合器)仅为举例，在具体实现时同一光开关矩阵中不同输入子模块的组成也可以不相同，本申请并不对此进行限制。
需要说明的是，图12、图13、图14、图19、图20、图21中同一光开关矩阵模块的输入子模块的组成与输出子模块的组成对称(例如，输入子模块包括输入耦合器和偏振旋转分束器，输出子模块包括输出耦合器和偏振旋转合束器)仅为举例，在具体实现时同一光开关矩阵中输入子模块的组成与输出子模块的组成也可以不对称(例如，输入子模块包括输入耦合器和偏振旋转分束器，输出子模块包括输出耦合器、偏振转换器和偏振合束器)，本申请并不对此进行限制。
需要说明的是，上述图12-图14、图19-图21中实线以及虚线的长度并不代表波导的长度，由于本申请提供的光开关矩阵对波导的长度有要求，例如L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等，连接输入耦合器与偏振旋转分束器的波导的长度均为L5等，因此现给出如下一种实现一组长度相等的波导的方式。需要说明的是，本申请给出的该实现一组长度相等的波导的方式仅为举例，任何能够实现一组长度相等的波导的方式都属于本申请的保护范围。
对于由长度分别为m1、m2、……、mM，对应编号分别为1到M的M条原有波导组成的一组波导，其中m1-mM可以各不相同。例如，可以通过在原有波导1到M上分别对应增加如图22所示结构的波导的方式，实现长度相等。具体的，如图22左半部分所示的结构，每条原始波导在横向方向上长度相同，可以通过控制其在纵向方向上的长度，使得第一次补偿后的波导长度满足：m1≥m2≥…≥mN-1≥mN。如果在第一次补偿之后，各条波导的长度还不能相等，则需要通过图22右半部分所示的结构进行第二次补偿，从而实现各条波导的长度相等。
本申请还提供一种光开关矩阵的控制方法，所述方法应用于上述实施例提供的光开关矩阵中，所述光开关矩阵包括输入模块11、输出模块12、第一光开关矩阵模块13和第二光开关矩阵模块14；其中，第一光开关矩阵模块13和第二光开关矩阵模块14都分别与输入模块11和输出模块12连接；所述方法包括：
输入模块11将输入的N路光信号中第i路光信号中的第一单模光信号i1和第二单模光信号i2分离，所述第一单模光信号i1的模式为第一模式，所述第二单模光信号i2的模式为第二模式，将所述第一单模光信号i1通过长度为L1的第一波导输出至所述第一光开关矩阵模块，并将所述第二单模光信号i2的模式由第二模式转换为第一模式后，通过长度为L2的第二波导输出至所述第二光开关矩阵模块；其中，N为大于0的整数，i为大于0且小于或等于N的任意整数；
第一光开关矩阵模块13对从输入模块11输入的所述第一单模光信号i1进行光交换处理，并在处理后通过长度为L3的第三波导输出至所述输出模块；
第二光开关矩阵模块14对从输入模块11输入的所述第二单模光信号i2进行光交换处理，并在处理后通过长度为L4的第四波导输出至所述输出模块；
输出模块12将从第二光开关矩阵模块14输入的所述第二单模光信号i2的模式由第二模式转换为第一模块后，与从第一光开关矩阵模块13输入的所述第一单模光信号i1进行合并，对并合并后获得的光信号进行输出；
其中，L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等；
N条第一波导中的至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导，所述第一交叉波导不与所述第二波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第二波导中的至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导，所述第二交叉波导不与所述第一波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第三波导中的至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导，所述第三交叉波导不与所述第四波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接；N条第四波导中的至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导，所述第四交叉波导不与所述第三波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接。
本实施例中，通过光通信网络中第i路光信号中的第一单模光信号i1和第二单模光信号i2在光开关矩阵的内部都以第一模式经过了相同长度的波导且经过了相同器件的处理，并且也都进行了一次模式转换，避免了由于不同模式的单模光信号在光开关矩阵中经过的波导的长度不同以及不同模式的单模光信号在波导中的有效折射率不同，而导致会出现不同模式的单模光信号在经过光开关矩阵后的损耗不同，以及不同模式的单模光信号经过光开关矩阵所需的传输时间不同的情况。因此，本实施例提供的光开关矩阵的控制方法，解决了光通信网络中的光信号在经过光开关矩阵处理后，PDL和DGD较大的问题。并且，通过设置第一交叉波导、第二交叉波导、第三交叉波导和第四交叉波导，减少了不同波导上的交叉波导的个数的差异，从而解决了由于不同波导上用于实现相互交叉的交叉波导的个数差别较大而引起PDL较大的问题，从而进一步减小了PDL。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种光开关矩阵，其特征在于，包括：
    输入模块、输出模块、第一光开关矩阵模块和第二光开关矩阵模块；其中，所述输入模块包括第一输出端口组和第二输出端口组，所述第一光开关矩阵模块包括第一输入端口组和第三输出端口组，所述第二光开关矩阵模块包括第二输入端口组和第四输出端口组，所述输出模块包括第三输入端口组和第四输入端口组；各输出端口组以及各输入端口组中包括的端口个数都为N，N为大于0的整数；
    所述第一输出端口组中的端口与所述第一输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L1的第一波导一一对应连接；所述第二输出端口组中的端口与所述第二输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L2的第二波导一一对应连接；所述第三输出端口组中的端口与所述第三输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L3的第三波导一一对应连接，所述第四输出端口组中的端口与所述第四输入端口组中的端口之间通过长度为L4的第四波导一一对应连接；L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等；
    其中，N条第一波导中的至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导，所述第一交叉波导不与所述第二波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第二波导中的至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导，所述第二交叉波导不与所述第一波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第三波导中的至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导，所述第三交叉波导不与所述第四波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接；N条第四波导中的至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导，所述第四交叉波导不与所述第三波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接；
    所述输入模块，用于将输入的光信号中的第一单模光信号和第二单模光信号分离，所述第一单模光信号的模式为第一模式，所述第二单模信号的模式为第二模式，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输出端口组输出，并将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出；
    所述第一光开关矩阵模块，用于对从所述第一输入端口组输入的光信号进行光交换处理，并在处理后从所述第三输出端口组输出；
    所述第二光开关矩阵模块，用于对从所述第二输入端口组输入的光信号进行光交换处理，并在处理后从所述第四输出端口组输出；
    所述输出模块，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式后，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的第二单模光信号进行合并，并对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输入模块包括2N个输出端口；
    所述2N个输出端口中的第i×2-1个输出端口对应所述第一输出端口组中的第i个输出端口，所述2N个输出端口中的第i×2个输出端口对应所述第二输出端口组中的第i个输出端口；其中，i为大于0且小于或等于N的整数。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输出模块包括2N个输入端口；
    所述2N个输入端口中的第i×2-1个输入端口对应所述第三输入端口组中的第i个输入端口，所述2N个输入端口中的第i×2个输入端口对应所述第四输入端口组中的第i个输入端口；其中，i为大于0且小于或等于N的整数。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，
    所述第一输出端口组中的第i个输出端口与所述第一输入端口组中的第i个输入端口对应，所述第二输出端口组中的第i个输出端口与所述第二输入端口组中的第i个输入端口对应，所述第三输出端口组中的第i个输出端口与所述第三输入端口组中的第i个输入端口对应，所述第四输出端口组中的第i个输出端口与所述第四输入端口组中的第i个输入端口对应；
    其中，i为大于0且小于或等于N的整数。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，L1等于L4，L2等于L3。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，L1等于L2，L3等于L4。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，N个所述第一波导、N条所述第二波导、N条所述第三波导以及N条所述第四波导中每条波导上的交叉波导的个数相同。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，N条所述第一波导、N条所述第二波导、N条所述第三波导以及N条所述第四波导中两两波导上的交叉波导的个数的差值小于N/2。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述第一交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第一波导连接，所述第一交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者，所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接，所述光衰减器用于吸收所述一条第一波导中的串扰光；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述第二交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第二波导连接，所述第二交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者，所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接，所述光衰减器用于吸收所述一条第二波导中的串扰光；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述第三交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第三波导连接，所述第三交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者，所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接，所述光衰减器用于吸收所述一条第三波导中的串扰光；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述第四交叉波导其中的2个端口与一条第四波导连接，所述第四交叉波导的另外2个端口空置；或者所述另外2个端口与光衰减器连接，所述光衰减器用于吸收所述一条第四波导中的串扰光；或者，所述另外2个端口与光探测器连接。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述第一光开关矩阵模块与所述第二光开关矩阵模块的结构相同。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输入模块 包括N个输入子模块，每个输入子模块包含一个输入端口和两个输出端口；
    所述N个输入子模块中第i个输入子模块的两个输出端口分别对应于所述第一输出端口组的第i个输出端口和所述第二输出端口组的第i个输出端口。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输入子模块包括：输入耦合器以及与所述输入耦合器连接的偏振旋转分束器PSR；
    所述输入耦合器，用于获取所述输入的光信号；
    所述偏振旋转分束器，用于将所述输入的光信号中的所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输出端口组输出，并将所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，每个所述输入子模块中，所述连接所述输入耦合器与所述偏振旋转分束器的波导的长度均为L5。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输入子模块包括：输入耦合器、偏振分束器PBS以及偏振转换器PR；
    其中，所述偏振分束器分别与所述输入耦合器和所述偏振转换器连接；
    所述输入耦合器，用于获取所述输入的光信号；
    所述偏振分束器，用于将所述输入的光信号中的所述第一单模光信号和所述第二单模光信号分离，将所述第一单模光信号从所述第一输出端口组输出；
    所述偏振转换器，用于将所述偏振分束器分离出的所述第二单模光信号由第二模式转换为第一模式后从所述第二输出端口组输出。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，每个所述输入子模块中，连接所述输入耦合器与所述偏振分束器的波导的长度均为L5。
  19. 根据权利要求14所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输入子模块包括：光栅耦合器。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输出模块包括N个输出子模块，每个输出子模块包含两个输入端口和一个输出端口；
    所述N个输出子模块中第i个输出子模块的两个输入端口分别对应于所述第三输入端口组的第i个输入端口和所述第四输入端口组的第i个输入端口。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输出子模块包括：输出耦合器以及与所述输出耦合器连接的偏振旋转合束器PRC；
    其中，所述偏振旋转合束器，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的所述第一单模光信号由第一模式转换为第二模式后，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的所述第二单模光信号进行合并；
    所述输出耦合器，用于对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，每个所述输出子模块中，连接所述输出耦合器与所述偏振旋转合束器的波导长度的均为L5。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输出子模块包括：输出耦合器、偏振转换器PR以及偏振合束器PBC；
    其中，所述偏振合束器分别与所述输出耦合器和所述偏振转换器连接；
    所述偏振转换器，用于将从所述第三输入端口组输入的所述第一单模光信号由 第一模式转换为第二模式；
    所述偏振合束器，用于将所述偏振转换器输出的所述第一单模模式光信号，与从所述第四输入端口组输入的所述第二单模光信号进行合并；
    所述输出耦合器，用于对合并后获得的光信号进行输出。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，每个所述输出子模块中，连接所述输出耦合器与所述偏振合束器的波导的长度均为L5。
  25. 根据权利要求20所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输出子模块包括：光栅耦合器。
  26. 根据权利要求1-25任一项所述的光开关矩阵，其特征在于，所述输入模块和所述输出模块在所述光开关矩阵的同一侧；或者，所述输入模块和所述输出模块在所述光开关矩阵的不同侧。
  27. 一种光开关矩阵的控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于光开关矩阵，所述光开关矩阵包括输入模块、输出模块、第一光开关矩阵模块和第二光开关矩阵模块；其中，所述第一光开关矩阵模块和所述第二光开关矩阵模块都分别与所述输入模块和所述输出模块连接；所述方法包括：
    所述输入模块将输入的N路光信号中第i路光信号中的第一单模光信号i1和第二单模光信号i2分离，所述第一单模光信号i1的模式为第一模式，所述第二单模光信号i2的模式为第二模式，将所述第一单模光信号i1通过长度为L1的第一波导输出至所述第一光开关矩阵模块，并将所述第二单模光信号i2的模式由第二模式转换为第一模式后，通过长度为L2的第二波导输出至所述第二光开关矩阵模块；其中，N为大于0的整数，i为大于0且小于或等于N的任意整数；
    所述第一光开关矩阵模块对从所述输入模块输入的所述第一单模光信号i1进行光交换处理，并在处理后通过长度为L3的第三波导输出至所述输出模块；
    所述第二光开关矩阵模块对从所述输入模块输入的所述第二单模光信号i2进行光交换处理，并在处理后通过长度为L4的第四波导输出至所述输出模块；
    所述输出模块将从所述第二光开关矩阵模块输入的所述第二单模光信号i2的模式由第二模式转换为第一模块后，与从所述第一光开关矩阵模块输入的所述第一单模光信号i1进行合并，对并合并后获得的光信号进行输出；
    其中，L1、L3之和与L2、L4之和相等；
    N条第一波导中的至少一条第一波导上连接有第一交叉波导，所述第一交叉波导不与所述第二波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第二波导中的至少一条第二波导上连接有第二交叉波导，所述第二交叉波导不与所述第一波导、所述第三波导、所述第四波导连接；N条第三波导中的至少一条第三波导上连接有第三交叉波导，所述第三交叉波导不与所述第四波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接；N条第四波导中的至少一条第四波导连接有第四交叉波导，所述第四交叉波导不与所述第三波导、所述第一波导、所述第二波导连接。
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