WO2016143223A1 - 外部環境変化に対する耐性が向上した固定化プロテアーゼ - Google Patents
外部環境変化に対する耐性が向上した固定化プロテアーゼ Download PDFInfo
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- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/64—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue
- C12N9/6421—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue from mammals
- C12N9/6424—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
- C12N9/6427—Chymotrypsins (3.4.21.1; 3.4.21.2); Trypsin (3.4.21.4)
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- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/64—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue
- C12N9/6421—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue from mammals
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- C12Y304/21—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
- C12Y304/2105—Lysyl endopeptidase (3.4.21.50)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an immobilized protease having improved resistance to external environmental changes, which can be used for preparing a sample for protein mass spectrometry.
- protease is bound to a solid phase carrier.
- enzyme activity and reaction rate are improved by binding protease such as trypsin to a solid phase carrier such as glass surface, membrane, hollow fiber, polymer, gel, sol, and porous silica.
- a solid phase carrier such as glass surface, membrane, hollow fiber, polymer, gel, sol, and porous silica.
- trypsin-immobilized nanoparticles are used in a method of selectively hydrolyzing a protein by restricting access to a protease substrate (Non-patent Document 6).
- the performance of these immobilized proteases is evaluated by indicators such as whether they can be used repeatedly, whether they can be used for digestion in a short time, and whether the peptide sequence recovery rate (sequence coverage) of the substrate protein is sufficient. Yes.
- all the conventional reports are only qualitative evaluations, and are not evaluations based on quantitative physicochemical properties. Further, no consideration has been given to the stability against changes in the external environment such as temperature, pH, preparation of immobilized protease, and various reagents used for reaction with substrate proteins.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a highly active protease having excellent stability against changes in the external environment, which can be used for preparing a sample for mass spectrometry of proteins.
- the present inventors have fixed proteases such as trypsin to nanoparticles, so that even proteases with low functions such as reductive dimethylation, which are not functionally enhanced, have low purity.
- the inventors have found that high activity can be maintained over a wide range of temperature and pH, and that there is no influence from organic solvents or surfactants, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- An immobilized protease characterized in that a roughly purified protease or a protease not subjected to autolysis resistance treatment is immobilized on the nanoparticle surface.
- the immobilized protease according to (1) or (2), wherein the nanoparticles are magnetic nanoparticles.
- a method for preparing an immobilized protease comprising a step of immobilizing a roughly purified protease or a protease not subjected to autolysis resistance treatment on the nanoparticle surface.
- the immobilized protease obtained by immobilizing protease on the surface of the nanoparticles of the present invention can maintain high activity without being affected by changes in the external environment such as temperature, pH and additives, and is excellent in stability. Therefore, the immobilized protease of the present invention can improve the reliability and reproducibility of data obtained by mass spectrometry by using it for sample preparation of peptide fragments used for quantification or identification of proteins by mass spectrometry.
- the immobilized protease of the present invention can exhibit excellent mass spectrometry grade performance regardless of the type and purity of the protease immobilized on the nanoparticles. Therefore, if the immobilized protease of the present invention is used as a reagent included in a protein quantification or identification kit by mass spectrometry, it is economical and the profitability of the reagent can be increased.
- FIG. 1 shows the concentration of trypsin in the presence of a temperature of 25 ° C., each pH (pH 6.5, pH 7.0, pH 7.5, pH 8.0, pH 8.5, pH 9.0) and additives (urea, OTG, MeCN). Shows enzyme activity (upper panel: immobilized trypsin (FG-Gold, FG-TPCK), lower panel: unimmobilized trypsin (Gold, TPCK)).
- FIG. 2 shows the concentration of trypsin at a temperature of 37 ° C., in the presence of each pH (pH 6.5, pH 7.0, pH 7.5, pH 8.0, pH 8.5, pH 9.0) and additives (urea, OTG, MeCN).
- FIG. 3 shows the concentration of trypsin in the presence of 45 ° C., each pH (pH 6.5, pH 7.0, pH 7.5, pH 8.0, pH 8.5, pH 9.0) and additives (urea, OTG, MeCN). Shows enzyme activity (upper panel: immobilized trypsin (FG-Gold, FG-TPCK), lower panel: unimmobilized trypsin (Gold, TPCK)).
- FIG. 4 shows the concentration of trypsin at a temperature of 50 ° C.
- FIG. 5 shows the concentration of trypsin in the presence of a temperature of 60 ° C., each pH (pH 6.5, pH 7.0, pH 7.5, pH 8.0, pH 8.5, pH 9.0) and additives (urea, OTG, MeCN).
- FIG. 6 shows the concentration of trypsin in the presence of a temperature of 70 ° C., each pH (pH 6.5, pH 7.0, pH 7.5, pH 8.0, pH 8.5, pH 9.0) and additives (urea, OTG, MeCN). Shows enzyme activity (upper panel: immobilized trypsin (FG-Gold, FG-TPCK), lower panel: unimmobilized trypsin (Gold, TPCK)).
- FIG. 7 shows the enzymatic activity of trypsin in the presence of a temperature of 37 ° C., pH 8.0, and additives (DTT, TCEP, CHAPS, SDS, Tween-20, Triton X-100, NP-40) (upper panel: fixed). Trypsin (FG-Gold, FG-TPCK), lower panel: unfixed trypsin (Gold, TPCK)).
- FIG. 7 shows the enzymatic activity of trypsin in the presence of a temperature of 37 ° C., pH 8.0, and additives (DTT, TCEP, CHAPS, SDS, Tween-20, Triton X-100, NP-40) (upper panel: fixed). Trypsin (FG-Gold, FG-TPCK), lower panel: unfixed trypsin (Gold, TPCK)).
- FIG. 8 shows the enzymatic activity of trypsin at a temperature of 37 ° C., pH 8.0, and the presence of additives (NaCl, AS, IAA, Trehalose, Glycerol, EDTA) (upper panel: immobilized trypsin (FG-Gold, FG -TPCK), lower panel: unfixed trypsin (Gold, TPCK)).
- FIG. 9 shows the enzymatic activity of trypsin at a temperature of 37 ° C.
- FIG. 10 shows the enzymatic activity of trypsin in the presence of additives (urea, NaCl, AS, IAA, EDTA) at a temperature of 37 ° C., pH 8.0 (FG-Gold, FG-TPCK: nanoparticle-immobilized trypsin, CR -TPCK, AR-TPCK: microparticle-immobilized trypsin).
- additives urea, NaCl, AS, IAA, EDTA
- 11 shows the enzymatic activity of trypsin in the presence of additives (Trehalose, Glycerol) at a temperature of 37 ° C., pH 8.0 (FG-Gold, FG-TPCK: trypsin immobilized with nanoparticles, CR-TPCK, AR-TPCK). : Microparticle-immobilized trypsin).
- the immobilized protease of the present invention is characterized in that nanoparticles are used as a solid phase carrier and the protease is immobilized on the surface thereof.
- the immobilized protease of the present invention has a high activity without being affected by changes in the external environment, even if it is a crudely purified protease or a protease that has not undergone autolysis resistance treatment, because the protease is immobilized on the nanoparticles. Can be maintained.
- Nanoparticles used in the present invention are not limited in size as long as proteases can be multipoint-bonded to the surface, but since the molecular diameter of proteases such as trypsin and lysyl endopeptidase is about 5 nm, the particle diameter is 100 to 500 nm is preferable, 150 to 400 nm is more preferable, and 200 to 300 nm is more preferable.
- the particle size becomes large (for example, on the micro order level), it is necessary to consider particle shrinkage due to the influence of additives, etc., but when nanoparticle is immobilized on the particle surface, it is not necessary to consider this shrinkage. Therefore, it becomes possible to produce a more stable enzyme.
- the “particle diameter” means a particle diameter having the highest frequency of appearance in the particle distribution, that is, a central particle diameter.
- the amount of protease immobilized on the nanoparticle varies depending on the particle diameter of the nanoparticle, the type and purity of the protease, and is usually 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 5% with respect to 1% by weight of the nanoparticle. % By weight.
- the type of nanoparticles is preferably magnetic nanoparticles that can be dispersed or suspended in an aqueous medium and can be easily recovered from the dispersion or suspension by magnetic separation or magnetic precipitation separation.
- magnetic nanoparticles whose surfaces are coated with an organic polymer are more preferable in that aggregation is unlikely to occur.
- the base material of the magnetic nanoparticles include ferromagnetic alloys such as iron oxide (magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), maghemite ( ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 )), and ferrite (Fe / M) 3 O 4 .
- M means a metal ion that can be used together with iron ions to form a magnetic metal oxide, typically Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+. Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ and the like are used.
- the organic polymer that coats the magnetic nanoparticles include polyglycidyl methacrylate (polyGMA), a copolymer of GMA and styrene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polymethyl acrylate (PMA).
- polyGMA polyglycidyl methacrylate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PMA polymethyl acrylate
- Specific examples of magnetic nanoparticles coated with an organic polymer include FG beads, SG beads, Adembeads, and nanomag.
- FG beads manufactured by Tamagawa Seiki Co., Ltd. (polymer magnetic nanoparticles having a particle diameter of about 200 nm in which ferrite particles are coated with polyglycidyl methacrylate (polyGMA)) are preferably used.
- the nanoparticles are preferably modified with a spacer molecule capable of binding to a protease in order to suppress nonspecific protein adsorption and to selectively immobilize the protease.
- a spacer molecule capable of binding to a protease in order to suppress nonspecific protein adsorption and to selectively immobilize the protease.
- the spacer is preferably one that can bind to the protease and does not inactivate the protease. From the viewpoint of controlling the access range of the protease immobilized on the nanoparticle surface, the spacer preferably has a small molecular diameter.
- the molecular diameter of the spacer is preferably 5 nm or less, more preferably 3 nm or less, and further preferably 2 nm or less.
- the molecular weight of the spacer is preferably 2000 or less, more preferably 1500 or less, and even more preferably 1000 or less.
- the spacer molecule capable of immobilizing protease with the above molecular diameter is preferably a non-protein, and has an amino group, carboxyl group, ester group, epoxy group, tosyl group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, aldehyde group, maleimide group, succinimide group at the terminal.
- Molecules having functional groups such as azide group, biotin, avidin, chelate and the like are preferable.
- spacer molecules having an activated ester group are preferred for immobilizing trypsin.
- spacer arm portions other than the above functional groups include polyethylene glycol and derivatives thereof, polypropylene glycol and derivatives thereof, polyacrylamide and derivatives thereof, polyethyleneimine and derivatives thereof, poly (ethylene oxide) and derivatives thereof, poly Hydrophilic molecules such as (ethylene terephthalic acid) and its derivatives are used.
- nanoparticles surface-modified with spacer molecules are also commercially available and may be used.
- nanoparticles modified with spacer molecules having an ester group (active ester group) activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide are commercially available under the trade name “FG beads NHS” (Tamakawa Seiki Co., Ltd.).
- the method for immobilizing the protease on the surface of the nanoparticle is not particularly limited, and an appropriate method can be adopted depending on the properties of the protease and the nanoparticle (or the spacer molecule that modifies the nanoparticle surface).
- An amine coupling method of nanoparticles and protease via the functional group is preferred.
- the surface-modified carboxyl group of the nanoparticles can be esterified with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to form an activated ester group, and the protease amino group can be bound thereto.
- NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide
- This coupling reaction includes 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC), N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), bis (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) carbodiimide (DIPC), etc.
- Carbodiimide can be carried out in the presence of a condensing agent.
- the amino group of the surface of the nanoparticles is modified with a protease amino acid using a crosslinking agent such as glutaraldehyde, bifunctional succinimide, bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3), sulfonyl chloride, maleimide, pyridyl disulfide.
- a crosslinking agent such as glutaraldehyde, bifunctional succinimide, bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3), sulfonyl chloride, maleimide, pyridyl disulfide.
- the coupling method of nanoparticles and protease via the functional group of the spacer molecule can be performed by a simple operation of adding a protease solution to a suspension of nanoparticles and mixing and stirring under certain conditions.
- the reaction conditions are not particularly limited.
- the suspension of nanoparticles to which protease is added is stirred at a temperature of 1 to 10 ° C. and a pH of 7.0 at 50 to 200 rpm for 0.5 to 1 hour.
- the active part that is not bound to the protease on the nanoparticle surface after the protease is immobilized on the nanoparticle surface.
- the unbound spacer molecule binds to impurities in the sample and adversely affects protease digestion or is produced by protease digestion.
- the peptide fragments may be immobilized on the nanoparticles. Such imperfections are suppressed by blocking unbound spacer molecules after immobilizing the protease.
- chemical modification is preferred.
- an activated ester group can be inactivated by forming an amide bond by reaction with a primary amine.
- the type of protease immobilized on the nanoparticles may be appropriately selected according to the type of protein to be quantified or identified by mass spectrometry, and is not limited.
- Cruly purified or self-digestion resistant Untreated trypsin (cleaves the peptide at the C-terminal side of basic amino acid residues (Arg and Lys)), chymotrypsin (the peptide at the C-terminal side of aromatic amino acid residues (Phe, Tyr and Trp)) Cleaving), lysyl endopeptidase (cleaving the peptide at the C-terminal side of Lys residue), V8 protease (cleaving the peptide at the C-terminal side of Glu residue), AspN protease (at the N-terminal side of Asp residue) Peptide), ArgC protease (cleaves the peptide at the C-terminal side of Arg residue), papain, pepsin, dipeptidyl
- trypsin is particularly preferably used in the present invention. Trypsin has a small molecular diameter and an active site is present inside the molecule. Therefore, the region where the active site can access the substrate protein is limited, and the position selectivity of protease digestion can be enhanced. In particular, when the substrate protein is an antibody, trypsin is preferably used as a protease.
- the protease used in the present invention is a crudely purified protease or a protease that has not been subjected to autolysis resistance treatment, and the purity is not limited. Therefore, when a commercially available protease is used, it is not limited to mass spectrometry grade or sequencing grade protease, and may be a native protease derived from a living body. For example, in the case of trypsin, native trypsin derived from living organisms generates pseudotrypsin that exhibits chymotrypsin-like activity by autolysis, so that chymotrypsin activity can be increased by treating with N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK).
- TPCK N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone
- Reduced or lysine residues of trypsin that have been treated with reductive dimethylation to increase resistance to autolysis are commercially available as mass spectrometry grade trypsin, but trypsin used in the present invention is Trypsin that has not undergone reductive dimethylation treatment of lysine residues may also be used.
- the protease bound to the nanoparticles dramatically improves the resistance to changes in the external environment.
- the external environment includes temperature (heat), pH, organic solvent, protein denaturant, protein reducing / alkylating agent, protein protecting / stabilizing agent, protein solubilizing surfactant, salting-out agent, salts And so on.
- protein denaturing agents include urea, guanidine hydrochloride, dithiothreitol (DTT), mercaptoethanol, and the like.
- protein reducing / alkylating agents include tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), iodoacetamide (IAA), and the like.
- protein protecting / stabilizing agents include chelating agents such as EDTA, polyols such as glycerol, saccharides such as trehalose, glucose, and sucrose.
- chelating agents such as EDTA
- polyols such as glycerol
- saccharides such as trehalose, glucose, and sucrose.
- organic solvent include acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and the like.
- surfactants include polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Tween 20/40/60/80, Nonidet P-40 (NP-40), etc.), alkylglycoside nonionic surfactants Agents (n-octyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside (OG), n-octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglucoside (OTG), n-dodecyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside (DDM), n-nonyl- ⁇ -D- Maltoside (NG) etc.), amphoteric surfactant (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS) or 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio] -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (CHAPSO) and the like) and cationic surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the like).
- the conditions are not particularly limited, and conditions similar to those for general protease digestion can be employed. For example, it is preferable to incubate at a temperature of about 37 ° C. for about 1 to 20 hours in a buffer solution adjusted to near the optimum pH of the protease. Further, the mixing amount ratio between the substrate protein and the immobilized protease is not particularly limited, and may be set so that the amount of protease corresponds to the amount of the substrate protein.
- General protease digestion conditions are about 100: 1 to 10: 1 (weight ratio) of substrate protein: protease.
- Mass spectrometry is suitable for identifying and quantifying substrate proteins from peptide fragments produced by digestion of substrate proteins with the immobilized protease of the present invention. Since mass spectrometry can determine an amino acid sequence, it can be determined whether or not a peptide fragment is a peptide fragment derived from a specific protein such as an antibody. Further, the concentration of the peptide fragment in the sample can be determined based on the peak intensity.
- the ionization method in mass spectrometry is not particularly limited.
- Electron ionization (EI) method chemical ionization (CI) method, field desorption (FD) method, fast atom collision (FAB) method, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)
- EI electrospray ionization
- the analysis method of the ionized sample is not particularly limited. Magnetic field deflection type, quadrupole (Q) type, ion trap (IT) type, time of flight (TOF) type, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) type Etc. can be appropriately determined according to the ionization method.
- MS / MS analysis or multistage mass spectrometry of MS3 or higher can be performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer or the like.
- the immobilized protease of the present invention can stably maintain high activity in a state of being immobilized on the surface of the nanoparticle, it is a component of a kit for preparing a sample of a peptide fragment to be used for protein quantification or identification by mass spectrometry Can be provided as.
- the immobilized protease of the present invention is particularly suitable for antibody detection and quantification, and includes the amino acid sequence of the complementarity-determining region by mass spectrometry of the peptide fragment sample obtained by selectively digesting the Fab region with protease. The sequence and amount of peptide fragments can be determined.
- the immobilized protease of the present invention can also be used for pharmacokinetic analysis, interaction analysis using antigen-antibody reaction, various interactome analysis, basic research such as identification of immunoprecipitation proteins, and arrangement of biomolecular drugs such as antibody drugs. It can also be used for analysis, quality assurance, generic drug identity verification tests, and so on.
- HEPES buffer 25 mM HEPES-NaOH, pH 7.0
- Ethanolamine buffer 1M ethanolamine-HCl, pH 8.0
- Tris buffer 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0
- Example 1 Preparation of Immobilized Protease As nanoparticles for immobilizing protease, a spacer in which a carboxy group is activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide (see the following chemical formula (L is a binding site to the nanoparticle surface), spacer length FG beads (Tamakawa Seiki, FG beads NHS) having an average particle diameter of 190 nm (dispersion range ⁇ 20 nm) modified with 1 nm) were used.
- FG beads 1 mg of isopropanol suspension (50 ⁇ L) was centrifuged (15000 rpm, 5 minutes) at 4 ° C. to precipitate the nanoparticles, and the supernatant was removed, followed by washing with methanol.
- a solution containing 50 ⁇ g of protease dissolved in 200 ⁇ L of HEPES buffer was added to the above nanoparticles to suspend the nanoparticles. During suspension, ultrasonic treatment was performed for several seconds so that the temperature of the suspension did not increase.
- the suspension of nanoparticles was stirred at 4 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged at 4 ° C. (15000 rpm, 5 minutes) to precipitate the nanoparticles, and the supernatant was removed. Subsequently, 200 ⁇ L of ethanolamine buffer was added to suspend the particles, and the mixture was stirred at 4 ° C. for 30 minutes to block excess N-hydroxysuccinimide groups on the surface of the nanoparticles with ethanolamine. ⁇ g / mg solid phase) was obtained. Thereafter, the mixture was centrifuged (15000 rpm, 5 minutes) at 4 ° C. to precipitate the nanoparticles, and the supernatant was removed. Then, washing with Tris buffer and centrifugation were repeated twice and suspended in Tris buffer (100 ⁇ L) ( Protease concentration in suspension: 0.5 ⁇ g / ⁇ L).
- Enzyme stability test 1 Comparison between nanoparticle-immobilized protease and unimmobilized protease
- FG-Gold and “FG-TPCK” immobilized on nanoparticles according to the above, enzyme reactions were performed under various conditions, and enzyme stability was examined.
- Gold is resistant to autolysis by reductive dimethylation treatment in addition to chymotrypsin deactivation treatment (TPCK treatment), and has high activity on broad without depending on temperature or pH. Maintaining mass spectrometry grade protease.
- TPCK has been inactivated by chymotrypsin, but due to its low purity, impurity-derived chymotrypsin remains and does not completely suppress chymotrypsin activity. Because it is not digestion-resistant, it is a protease with poor heat resistance and limited pH tolerance, compatible buffer and its pH.
- the protease substrate was dissolved in DMSO to a final concentration of 10 mM to prepare a stock solution.
- a substrate solution, a reaction buffer, an unfixed (free) protease solution or an immobilized protease suspension were mixed at the ratio shown in Table 1 to prepare an enzyme reaction solution.
- an enzyme reaction was carried out under the following conditions.
- the additive (c) was added to the reaction buffer (25 mM Tris) to a predetermined final concentration.
- the enzyme reaction was carried out for 1.5 hours under vortexing.
- 50 ⁇ L of 2N-HCl or 10% sulfuric acid was added to completely stop the enzyme reaction.
- Filtration through a multi-screen filter plate, removal of nanoparticles, dispensing into an optical bottom plate, and absorbance of paranitroaniline (p-NA) released from the substrate using a microplate reader (TECAN Infinite M200Pro) (405 nm , Extinction coefficient 9920 M ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 ), and the enzyme activity was evaluated.
- TPCK protein denaturant often used in proteomics
- TPCK is in a state equivalent to its inactivated trypsin activity, even though it is at the optimum pH of trypsin (pH 8).
- FG-TPCK remained more active than FG-Gold (see upper panel in FIGS. 1-6).
- FG-TPCK significantly increases trypsin activity compared to TPCK, and FG-TPCK and FG-Gold are almost identical. (See FIGS. 7 and 8).
- Example 3 Enzyme stability test 2 (comparison of nanoparticle-immobilized protease and normal particle-immobilized protease) Using FG beads (Tamakawa Seiki, FG beads NHS) as nanoparticles, immobilize “Gold” and “TPCK” in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare “FG-Gold” and “FG-TPCK”. And suspended in Tris buffer (100 ⁇ L) (protease concentration in suspension: 0.5 ⁇ g / ⁇ L).
- CR-TPCK Cellulose resin
- AR Pierce Immobilized TPCK Trypsin (4% crosslinked Agarose resin)
- the particles were washed 5 times with 25 mM Tris pH 8.0 and then 75 ml slurry.
- a protease substrate (N- ⁇ -benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride) was dissolved in DMSO to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ m to obtain a stock solution.
- An enzyme reaction solution was prepared by adding 50 ⁇ L of substrate solution, 25 ⁇ L of nanoparticle-immobilized protease suspension or 12.5 ⁇ L of normal particle (microparticle) -immobilized protease suspension to 500 ⁇ L of reaction buffer (25 mM Tris). .
- the additive (b) was added to the reaction buffer (25 mM Tris) to a predetermined final concentration.
- the nanoparticle-immobilized protease In the vicinity of neutrality (pH 7.0 to 7.5), the nanoparticle-immobilized protease had higher enzyme activity than the microparticle-immobilized protease, and was able to maintain the activity in a wide pH range including the alkali side (Fig. 9). . From this result, the nanoparticle-immobilized protease is advantageous when digesting a sample such as a human body fluid or blood having a pH of about 7, for example.
- the immobilized protease showed higher enzyme activity than the microparticle-immobilized protease (FIGS. 10 and 11).
- the microparticle-immobilized protease is fatal in that it has no resistance to NaCl.
- the nanoparticle-immobilized protease is stable even in the presence of a high concentration of NaCl. It was recognized that the microparticle-immobilized protease tends to decrease the enzyme activity when a stabilizer is present.
- nanoparticle-immobilized protease does not decrease the enzyme activity even when a stabilizer is present, because the particles are nano-sized, so the dispersibility (probability of contact with the substrate) increases with the viscosity of the solution. This is thought to be due to the fact that it is difficult for the decrease to occur. From the above, it can be said that the nanoparticle-immobilized protease is suitable for application to clinical laboratory tests in which proteins and the like in crude biological samples are analyzed.
- the present invention can be used in the field of reagent production for product evaluation and analysis tests in the development of biopharmaceuticals such as antibody drugs and protein preparations, and clinical tests in medical settings. All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ナノ粒子表面に、粗精製のプロテアーゼまたは自己消化耐性処理を行っていないプロテアーゼを固定化させたことを特徴とする、固定化プロテアーゼ。
(2)ナノ粒子の粒子径が、100~500 nmである、(1)に記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
(3)ナノ粒子が磁性ナノ粒子である、(1)または(2)に記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
(4)プロテアーゼが、トリプシン、キモトリプシン、リジルエンドペプチダーゼ、V8プロテアーゼ、AspNプロテアーゼ、ArgCプロテアーゼ、パパイン、ペプシン、またはジペプチジルペプチダーゼである、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
(5)自己消化耐性処理が還元的ジメチル化処理である、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
(6)プロテアーゼがトリプシンまたはリジルエンドペプチダーゼである、(5)に記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
(7)ナノ粒子表面に、粗精製のプロテアーゼまたは自己消化耐性処理を行っていないプロテアーゼを固定化する工程を含む、固定化プロテアーゼの調製方法。
(8)ナノ粒子表面に、粗精製のプロテアーゼまたは自己消化耐性処理を行っていないプロテアーゼを固定化することにより、プロテアーゼに外部環境変化に対する耐性を付与する方法。
(9)プロテアーゼが、トリプシン、キモトリプシン、リジルエンドペプチダーゼ、V8プロテアーゼ、AspNプロテアーゼ、ArgCプロテアーゼ、パパイン、ペプシン、またはジペプチジルペプチダーゼである、(7)または(8)に記載の方法。
(10)自己消化耐性処理が還元的ジメチル化処理である、(7)または(8)に記載の方法。
(11)プロテアーゼがトリプシンまたはリジルエンドペプチダーゼである、(10)に記載の方法。
本願は、2015年3月9日に出願された日本国特許出願2015-046380の優先権を主張するものであり、該特許出願の明細書に記載される内容を包含する。
本発明の固定化プロテアーゼは、ナノ粒子を固相担体として用い、その表面にプロテアーゼを固定化させたことを特徴とする。本発明の固定化プロテアーゼは、プロテアーゼがナノ粒子に固定化されることで、粗精製のプロテアーゼまたは自己消化耐性処理を行っていないプロテアーゼであっても、外部環境の変化を受けずに高い活性を維持することができる。
HEPESバッファー: 25 mM HEPES-NaOH, pH 7.0
エタノールアミンバッファー: 1M ethanolamine-HCl, pH 8.0
Trisバッファー: 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0
プロテアーゼ固定化用のナノ粒子として、カルボキシ基がN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミドで活性化されたスペーサ(下記化学式(Lはナノ粒子表面への結合部位)参照、スペーサ長さ1nm)で修飾された、平均粒径190 nm(分散範囲±20 nm)のFG beads(多摩川精機、FG beads NHS)を用いた。
プロテアーゼ基質としてN-α-ベンゾイル-DL-アルギニン-p-ニトロアニリド塩酸塩(MW=434.9)を用い、プロテアーゼとしてTrypsin Gold, Mass Spec Grade(プロメガ社製)(以下、「Gold」と表記する)およびTrypsin TPCK Treated from bovine pancreas, Product Number T1426(Sigma Aldrich社製)(以下、「TPCK」と表記する)の2種のトリプシン、ならびに「Gold」、「TPCK」をそれぞれ実施例1に記載の方法に従ってナノ粒子に固定化した「FG-Gold」、「FG-TPCK」を用いて、種々の条件下で酵素反応を行い、酵素安定性を調べた。「Gold」は、キモトリプシン失活処理(TPCK処理)に加え、還元的ジメチル化処理を施すことによって、自己消化に対して抵抗性を有し、温度やpHに依存することなくブロードに高い活性を維持している質量分析グレードのプロテアーゼである。一方、「TPCK」は、キモトリプシン失活処理をしているが、精製度が低いために不純物由来のキモトリプシンが残存し、完全にキモトリプシン活性を抑えているものではなく、また還元的ジメチル化など自己消化耐性処理などもしていないため、熱耐性に乏しく、pH許容範囲や適合緩衝液およびそのpHも限られているプロテアーゼである。
25℃, 37℃, 45℃, 50℃, 60℃, 70℃
(b)pH
6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0
(c)添加剤(タンパク質変性剤、界面活性剤、有機溶媒など/温度37℃, pH 8.0)
1M, 2M尿素 (urea)
0.1% n-オクチル-β-D-チオグルコシド(OTG)
10%, 20%, 50%アセトニトリル(MeCN)
5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mMジチオトレトール(DTT)
1 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM トリス(2-カルボキシエチル)ホスフィン塩酸塩(TCEP)
0.1% CHAPS
0.1% SDS
0.1% Tween 20
0.1% Triton X-100
0.1% NP-40
50 mM, 150 mM, 500 mM NaCl
50 mM, 150 mM, 500 mM AS
50 mM IAA
50 mM, 500 mM トレハロース(Trehalose)
10% グリセロール (Glycerol)
10 mM EDTA
ナノ粒子としてFG beads(多摩川精機、FG beads NHS)を用い、実施例1と同様にして、「Gold」、「TPCK」をそれぞれ固定化して「FG-Gold」、「FG-TPCK」を調製し、Trisバッファー(100μL)中に懸濁させた(懸濁液中のプロテアーゼ濃度:0.5μg/μL)。通常粒子(マイクロ粒子)固定化プロテアーゼとして、市販品のPromega Immobilized Trypsin(Cellulose resin)(以下、「CR-TPCK」と表記する)またはPierce Immobilized TPCK Trypsin(4% crosslinked Agarose resin)(以下、「AR-TPCK」と表記する)を用いた。粒子は25 mM Tris pH8.0にて5回洗浄し、その後75mlのスラリーとした。
6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0
(b)添加剤 (タンパク変性剤など/pH 8.0, 温度37℃)
1M, 2M尿素 (urea)
50 mM, 150 mM, 500 mM NaCl
50 mM, 150 mM, 500 mM AS
50 mM IAA
10 mM EDTA
50 mM, 500 mM トレハロース(Trehalose)
10% グリセロール (Glycerol)
本明細書で引用した全ての刊行物、特許及び特許出願をそのまま参考として本明細書に組み入れるものとする。
Claims (11)
- ナノ粒子表面に、粗精製のプロテアーゼまたは自己消化耐性処理を行っていないプロテアーゼを固定化させたことを特徴とする、固定化プロテアーゼ。
- ナノ粒子の粒子径が、100~500 nmである、請求項1に記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
- ナノ粒子が磁性ナノ粒子である、請求項1または2に記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
- プロテアーゼが、トリプシン、キモトリプシン、リジルエンドペプチダーゼ、V8プロテアーゼ、AspNプロテアーゼ、ArgCプロテアーゼ、パパイン、ペプシン、またはジペプチジルペプチダーゼである、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
- 自己消化耐性処理が還元的ジメチル化処理である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
- プロテアーゼがトリプシンまたはリジルエンドペプチダーゼである、請求項5に記載の固定化プロテアーゼ。
- ナノ粒子表面に、粗精製のプロテアーゼまたは自己消化耐性処理を行っていないプロテアーゼを固定化する工程を含む、固定化プロテアーゼの調製方法。
- ナノ粒子表面に、粗精製のプロテアーゼまたは自己消化耐性処理を行っていないプロテアーゼを固定化することにより、プロテアーゼに外部環境変化に対する耐性を付与する方法。
- プロテアーゼが、トリプシン、キモトリプシン、リジルエンドペプチダーゼ、V8プロテアーゼ、AspNプロテアーゼ、ArgCプロテアーゼ、パパイン、ペプシン、またはジペプチジルペプチダーゼである、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- 自己消化耐性処理が還元的ジメチル化処理である、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- プロテアーゼがトリプシンまたはリジルエンドペプチダーゼである、請求項10に記載の方法。
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BR112017017494A BR112017017494A2 (pt) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-12-18 | protease imobilizada com resistência melhorada à mudança no ambiente externo |
KR1020177027414A KR20170120691A (ko) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-12-18 | 외부 환경 변화에 대한 내성이 향상된 고정화 프로테아제 |
JP2017504577A JPWO2016143223A1 (ja) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-12-18 | 外部環境変化に対する耐性が向上した固定化プロテアーゼ |
US15/556,909 US20180051272A1 (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-12-18 | Immobilized protease with improved resistance to change in external environment |
EP15884707.9A EP3269807A4 (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-12-18 | Immobilized protease with improved resistance to change in external environment |
CN201580077541.7A CN107406841A (zh) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-12-18 | 对外部环境变化的耐性提高的固定化蛋白酶 |
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WO2019130536A1 (ja) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | 株式会社島津製作所 | モノクローナル抗体の簡素化された定量方法 |
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