WO2016136163A1 - Élément électrochromique - Google Patents

Élément électrochromique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016136163A1
WO2016136163A1 PCT/JP2016/000657 JP2016000657W WO2016136163A1 WO 2016136163 A1 WO2016136163 A1 WO 2016136163A1 JP 2016000657 W JP2016000657 W JP 2016000657W WO 2016136163 A1 WO2016136163 A1 WO 2016136163A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
terminal
reaction
substrate
electrochromic element
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PCT/JP2016/000657
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
義和 葛岡
知典 山田
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パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication of WO2016136163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016136163A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrochromic element.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a light control element having an electrolyte layer sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
  • the electrolyte layer in the light control element includes an electrochromic material containing silver ions.
  • the above-described conventional electrochromic device has a problem that the optical state cannot be changed smoothly.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic element capable of causing a change in optical state smoothly.
  • an electrochromic device includes a first electrode and a second electrode having translucency, which are disposed to face each other, the first electrode, and the second electrode.
  • An electrochromic element including an electrolyte-containing functional layer, wherein the functional layer includes: (i) ions contained in the electrolyte cause a first electrode reaction with respect to the first electrode. In the first optical state, and (ii) when the ions contained in the electrolyte cause a second electrode reaction having a reaction resistance higher than that of the first electrode reaction with respect to the first electrode, The average temperature of the electrochromic element when the second electrode state is different from the first optical state and the second electrode reaction occurs is the electrochromic element when the first electrode reaction occurs. Higher than the average temperature of the click device.
  • the electrochromic device according to the present invention can smoothly change the optical state.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the connection between each terminal of the electrochromic device and the power supply unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the average temperature of the electrochromic device and the magnitude of reaction resistance according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an electrochromic element 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrochromic element 1 according to the present embodiment, and specifically shows a cross section taken along line II-II in FIG.
  • the electrochromic device 1 is a flat polyhedron. 1 and 2, the direction along one side of the main surface of the electrochromic element 1 is the X-axis direction, the direction along the other side orthogonal to the one side is the Y-axis direction, and the main surface is The direction orthogonal to the Z axis direction.
  • the optical state of the electrochromic element 1 changes when power is supplied.
  • the electrochromic element 1 realizes a light transmission state (light transmission mode) and a light reflection state (light reflection mode).
  • the electrochromic element 1 may realize a light scattering state (light scattering mode) instead of or in addition to the light transmission state or the light reflection state.
  • the light transmission state is a state (mode) in which light (for example, visible light) incident on the electrochromic element 1 is transmitted.
  • the light transmittance at this time is sufficiently high, for example, and the electrochromic element 1 is transparent.
  • the electrochromic element 1 may have light reflectivity and light scattering properties even in a light transmission state. That is, the light transmission state is a state where light transmission is dominant compared to light reflection and scattering.
  • the light reflection state is a state (mode) in which light (for example, visible light) incident on the electrochromic element 1 is reflected.
  • the reflection of visible light may be either specular reflection or scattering reflection.
  • the electrochromic element 1 may have a light transmitting property and a light scattering property even in a light reflecting state. That is, the light reflection state is a state in which light reflection is dominant as compared with light transmission and scattering.
  • the light scattering state is a state (mode) in which light incident on the electrochromic element 1 (for example, visible light) is scattered.
  • the electrochromic element 1 may have light transmissivity and light reflectivity even in a light scattering state. That is, the light scattering state is a state in which light scattering is dominant compared to light transmission and reflection.
  • the electrochromic element 1 can be used for a window of a building or a vehicle, for example.
  • the electrochromic element 1 is sealed in the internal space of the multilayer glass.
  • a light emitting element such as an organic EL element may be sealed in the multilayer glass.
  • a multilayer glass can be utilized as what is called a smart window which can be utilized for uses, such as illumination, a mirror, and an information display, for example.
  • the electrochromic element 1 includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 11, an optical adjustment layer 20, a first terminal 30, a heating terminal 31, and a second terminal 40. And a sealing material 50. Further, the electrochromic element 1 includes a heating mechanism. The heating mechanism includes a first terminal 30 and a heat generating terminal 31.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 are translucent and transmit at least part of visible light. Specifically, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 are transparent (light transmittance is sufficiently high) flat plates.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 are provided to face each other with the optical adjustment layer 20 interposed therebetween. Specifically, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 are arranged so that the distance between them is substantially constant, that is, in parallel.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 have, for example, substantially the same shape and substantially the same size.
  • the planar view shapes of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 are rectangular.
  • the planar view shapes of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 may be other polygons such as a square, or any shape such as a circle or an ellipse.
  • the thickness of each of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 is, for example, 1 mm.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 may have different shapes and different sizes.
  • the plan view means a direction perpendicular to the main surface (specifically, the surface having the largest area) of the first substrate 10 or the second substrate 11, that is, the thickness direction of the electrochromic element 1 (Z-axis direction). Means when seen.
  • the first terminal 30 and the heat generating terminal 31 are provided at the end of the first substrate 10.
  • the end portion of the first substrate 10 is an outer portion of the first substrate 10 that is not surrounded by the sealing material 50.
  • a second terminal 40 is provided at the end of the second substrate 11.
  • the end portion of the second substrate 11 is an outer portion of the second substrate 11 that is not surrounded by the sealing material 50.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 are arranged so as to be shifted in a diagonal direction. Specifically, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 are arranged such that the end portion of the first substrate 10 does not overlap the second substrate 11 in plan view, and the end portion of the second substrate 11 is first. It arrange
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 are made of the same material, for example.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 include glass substrates such as soda glass, alkali-free glass, and high refractive index glass, or polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
  • the resin substrate can be used.
  • the glass substrate has the advantage of being excellent in transparency and moisture resistance.
  • the resin substrate has an advantage of less scattering at the time of destruction.
  • flexible flexible substrates may be used as the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11.
  • the flexible substrate is formed from, for example, a resin substrate or a thin film glass.
  • substrate 11 may be formed from a mutually different material.
  • the optical adjustment layer 20 includes a first electrode 21, a second electrode 22, and a functional layer 23.
  • the optical state of the optical adjustment layer 20 changes according to the voltage applied between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22.
  • the optical adjustment layer 20 switches between a light transmission state and a light reflection state, for example.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are translucent and transmit at least part of visible light. Specifically, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are transparent flat conductive films. When a predetermined voltage is applied between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22, the optical state of the functional layer 23 changes.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are arranged to face each other as shown in FIG. Specifically, the first electrode 21 is formed on the first substrate 10, and the second electrode 22 is formed on the second substrate 11.
  • each of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 is formed by forming a conductive film on the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 by sputtering, vapor deposition, or the like, and patterning the formed conductive film.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 may be respectively formed on the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 through a light-transmitting undercoat layer.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are made of the same material, for example.
  • transparent metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), aluminum dope zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine dope tin oxide (FTO), are mentioned, for example. Can be used.
  • the planar view shapes of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are substantially rectangular as shown in FIG. Specifically, the shape of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 in plan view is substantially the same as the shape of the overlapping portion between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11.
  • the first electrode 21 extends to the outside of the sealing material 50 and is electrically and physically connected to the first terminal 30. Although not shown, the first electrode 21 extends to the outside of the sealing material 50 and is electrically and physically connected to the heat generating terminal 31.
  • the first electrode 21, the first terminal 30, and the heat generating terminal 31 are integrally formed of the same material, for example. More specifically, the first electrode 21, the first terminal 30, and the heat generating terminal 31 are formed by patterning a conductive film formed on the first substrate 10.
  • the second electrode 22 extends to the outside of the sealing material 50 and is electrically and physically connected to the second terminal 40.
  • the second electrode 22 and the second terminal 40 are integrally formed of the same material, for example. More specifically, the second electrode 22 and the second terminal 40 are formed by patterning a conductive film formed on the second substrate 11.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are made of a material having a refractive index difference between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 in a visible light band smaller than a predetermined value, respectively.
  • the difference in refractive index between the first electrode 21 and the first substrate 10 is 0.2 or less, and preferably 0.1 or less.
  • reflection and refraction of light at the interface between the first electrode 21 and the first substrate 10 can be suppressed, and light can be transmitted effectively.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 may be formed of different materials, and in this case, a material whose refractive index difference between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 is smaller than a predetermined value is used. It is preferable.
  • the thickness of each of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 is, for example, 200 nm.
  • At least one of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 may have an uneven structure on the surface. Thereby, light can be scattered or distributed.
  • the surface roughness of the first electrode 21 is smaller than the surface roughness of the second electrode 22. Therefore, when the metal film is deposited on the first electrode 21, the surface roughness of the metal film can be made smaller than when the metal film is deposited on the second electrode 22. That is, the surface of the metal film deposited on the first electrode 21 can be brought closer to the mirror surface. Therefore, the light incident on the electrochromic element 1 can be specularly reflected.
  • the functional layer 23 is a layer that changes the optical state of the optical adjustment layer 20.
  • the functional layer 23 is provided between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22.
  • the functional layer 23 contains an electrolyte.
  • the functional layer 23 enters the first optical state when ions contained in the electrolyte cause a first electrode reaction with respect to the first electrode 21.
  • the functional layer 23 has a second optical state different from the first optical state when ions contained in the electrolyte cause a second electrode reaction having a reaction resistance higher than that of the first electrode reaction with respect to the first electrode 21. It becomes a state.
  • the reaction resistance is a degree indicating the difficulty of the reaction. That is, the second electrode reaction is less likely to proceed than the first electrode reaction.
  • the first electrode reaction is a reaction in which metal ions contained in the electrolyte are deposited as a metal film.
  • the functional layer 23 is in a light reflecting state when the first electrode reaction occurs.
  • the second electrode reaction is a reaction in which the metal film dissolves as metal ions. When the second electrode reaction occurs, the functional layer 23 enters a light transmission state.
  • the functional layer 23 is formed of a polymer material in which an electrolyte containing metal ions is dissolved.
  • metal ions for example, silver ions or copper ions can be used.
  • electrolyte containing metal ions for example, silver nitrate, silver acetate, copper chloride, or the like can be used.
  • polymer material for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polybutyl alcohol or the like can be used.
  • a solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) may be used.
  • the functional layer 23 enters a light transmission state. Further, when the metal element is deposited on the first electrode 21 or the second electrode 22 as a metal film, the functional layer 23 is in a light reflecting state.
  • the thickness of the functional layer 23 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less, preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. Thereby, suppression of the fall of the transmittance
  • the functional layer 23 may be, for example, any of liquid, solid, and gel.
  • the first terminal 30 is one of two terminals that are electrically connected to the first electrode 21.
  • the first terminal 30 is provided on the first substrate 10.
  • the first terminal 30 is integrally formed of the same material as the first electrode 21.
  • the first terminal 30 is used for changing the optical state of the functional layer 23. Furthermore, the first terminal 30 is used to cause the first electrode 21 to generate heat by passing a current through the first electrode 21. That is, the 1st terminal 30 is a part of heating mechanism with which the electrochromic element 1 concerning this Embodiment is provided.
  • the heat generating terminal 31 is the other of the two terminals electrically connected to the first electrode 21.
  • the heat generating terminal 31 is connected to the first electrode 21 at a position different from the first terminal 30.
  • the heat generating terminal 31 is provided on the first substrate 10.
  • the heating terminal 31 is integrally formed of the same material as the first electrode 21.
  • the heating terminal 31 is used to cause the first electrode 21 to generate heat by passing a current through the first electrode 21. That is, the heat generating terminal 31 is a part of the heating mechanism provided in the electrochromic element 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • the heating terminal 31 is provided, for example, at a position away from the first terminal 30. Specifically, the heat generating terminal 31 is provided so as to sandwich the first electrode 21 between the first terminal 30. For example, the heat generating terminal 31 and the first terminal 30 are respectively provided at opposite ends of the first electrode 21 (first substrate 10) as shown in FIG.
  • the first electrode 21 can efficiently generate heat, and the generated heat can be efficiently transmitted to the entire first electrode 21.
  • the second terminal 40 is a terminal electrically connected to the second electrode 22.
  • the second terminal 40 is provided on the second substrate 11.
  • the second terminal 40 is integrally formed of the same material as the second electrode 22.
  • the second terminal 40 is used for changing the optical state of the functional layer 23.
  • a potential difference is generated between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 by connecting a power source between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40. Due to the potential difference, the first electrode reaction or the second electrode reaction is caused to occur in ions contained in the electrolyte included in the functional layer 23. Thereby, the optical state of the functional layer 23 can be changed.
  • the first electrode 21, the second electrode 22, the first terminal 30, the heat generating terminal 31, and the second terminal 40 are each made of, for example, ITO, but are not limited thereto. Each of the first electrode 21, the second electrode 22, the first terminal 30, the heat generating terminal 31, and the second terminal 40 may be formed of different materials.
  • each of the first terminal 30, the heat generating terminal 31, and the second terminal 40 may not have translucency.
  • Each of the first terminal 30, the heat generating terminal 31, and the second terminal 40 may have a light shielding property, and may be formed of a metal material such as copper or aluminum, for example.
  • the sealing material 50 seals the optical adjustment layer 20 by connecting the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 so as to surround the optical adjustment layer 20.
  • the sealing material 50 is formed in a predetermined shape along the circumference of the optical adjustment layer 20.
  • the sealing material 50 is formed in a frame shape along the shape of the overlapping portion between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 in plan view.
  • the sealing material 50 is formed in a rectangular frame shape.
  • sealing material 50 for example, a photo-curing, thermosetting, or two-component curable adhesive resin such as an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, or a silicone resin can be used.
  • a thermoplastic adhesive resin made of an acid-modified product such as polyethylene or polypropylene may be used.
  • the sealing material 50 may include a granular spacer for ensuring the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 20 (distance between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11).
  • a granular spacer for example, glass beads, resin beads, silica particles and the like can be used.
  • the heating mechanism heats the functional layer 23 when the second electrode reaction occurs.
  • the heating mechanism includes the first terminal 30 and the heat generating terminal 31. Further, the heating mechanism includes a power supply unit 60 as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the connection between each terminal of the electrochromic element 1 and the power supply unit 60 according to the present embodiment.
  • the power supply unit 60 causes the first electrode 21 to generate heat by passing a current through the first electrode 21 via the first terminal 30 and the heat generating terminal 31.
  • the power supply unit 60 includes a first power supply 61, a second power supply 62, a heat generating power supply 63, a first switch 64, and a second switch 65.
  • the first power supply 61 is a DC power supply connected between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40 via the first switch 64.
  • the first power supply 61 is a power supply for causing the first electrode reaction.
  • the first power supply 61 sets the first terminal 30 to a lower potential than the second terminal 40 when the first switch 64 is turned on. That is, the first power supply 61 applies a negative bias voltage between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the electrochromic element 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • the metal film 23a reflects light incident on the electrochromic element 1 (see the broken arrow in FIG. 4A). That is, when the first power supply 61 applies a negative bias voltage, the functional layer 23 enters a light reflecting state.
  • the second power source 62 is a DC power source connected between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40 via the second switch 65.
  • the second power source 62 is a power source for causing the second electrode reaction.
  • the second power supply 62 sets the first terminal 30 to a higher potential than the second terminal 40 when the second switch 65 is turned on. That is, the second power source 62 applies a positive bias voltage between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40.
  • the metal ions in the functional layer 23 are attracted to the second electrode 22 having a negative potential.
  • the metal element deposited as the metal film 23 a is changed into metal ions by taking the electrons into the first electrode 21. That is, as shown in FIG. 4B, the metal film 23a is dissolved, and the functional layer 23 enters a light transmission state.
  • a layer that occludes metal ions may be provided on the second electrode 22 side of the functional layer 23.
  • tungsten oxide WO 3
  • the heat generating power source 63 is a DC power source connected via the second switch 65 between the first terminal 30 and the heat generating terminal 31.
  • the heat generating power supply 63 sets the first terminal 30 to a higher potential than the heat generating terminal 31 when the second switch 65 is turned on. That is, the heat generating power source 63 applies a positive bias voltage between the first terminal 30 and the heat generating terminal 31.
  • the connecting direction of the heat generating power supply 63 may be reversed. That is, the heating power source 63 may apply a negative bias voltage between the first terminal 30 and the heating terminal 31.
  • the heat generating power source 63 may be an AC power source.
  • the second switch 65 When the second switch 65 is turned on, a potential difference is generated between the first terminal 30 and the heat generating terminal 31. Therefore, a current flows between the first terminal 30 and the heat generating terminal 31 via the first electrode 21 (for example, an arrow 70 in FIG. 4B). The first electrode 21 generates heat when a current flows. The generated heat is conducted to the functional layer 23 and the functional layer 23 is heated.
  • the first switch 64 is connected between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40.
  • the first switch 64 switches whether to supply power from the first power supply 61 between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40. Specifically, when the first switch 64 is turned on, a negative bias voltage is applied between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40 by the first power supply 61. That is, the first switch 64 is a switch for causing the first electrode reaction (precipitation reaction) with respect to the first electrode 21.
  • the second switch 65 is connected between the first terminal 30, the second terminal 40 and the heat generating terminal 31.
  • the second switch 65 is connected between the first terminal 30 and the second power source 62 and the heat generating power source 63.
  • the second switch 65 when the second switch 65 is turned on, a positive bias voltage is applied between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40 by the second power source 62, and the first terminal is generated by the heating power source 63. A positive bias voltage is applied between 30 and the heating terminal 31. That is, the second switch 65 is a switch for causing a second electrode reaction (dissolution reaction) and for causing the first electrode 21 to generate heat. In this way, by switching between conduction and non-conduction of the second switch 65, when the second electrode reaction occurs, the first electrode 21 can generate heat.
  • the temperature at the time of heating is, for example, 40 ° C. to 50 ° C.
  • circuit configuration of the power supply unit 60 is not limited to the example shown in FIG. Any circuit configuration that allows a current to flow through the first electrode 21 when the second electrode reaction occurs may be used.
  • one power supply may be able to output by switching the positive bias voltage and the negative bias voltage in time series.
  • the present invention is not limited to this means, and a normal heater or the like may be provided.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the average temperature of the electrochromic device 1 according to the present embodiment and the magnitude of the reaction resistance.
  • the vertical axis indicates the direction of ion movement, and the horizontal axis indicates time.
  • the positive direction of the vertical axis is the direction in which ions move from the second electrode 22 to the first electrode 21.
  • the negative direction of the vertical axis is the direction in which ions move from the first electrode 21 to the second electrode 22.
  • the graph when the graph is above the horizontal axis, it means that ions are directed from the second electrode 22 to the first electrode 21, that is, a precipitation reaction (first electrode reaction having a low reaction resistance) is occurring.
  • a dissolution reaction second electrode reaction having a large reaction resistance
  • the vertical axis in FIG. 5B indicates the average temperature of the electrochromic element 1
  • the horizontal axis indicates time.
  • the average temperature of the electrochromic element 1 corresponds to the time average temperature of the first electrode 21, the second electrode 22, or the functional layer 23.
  • the average temperature of the electrochromic element 1 in the case where the first electrode reaction (precipitation reaction in the example of FIG. 5) occurs is the time average temperature of the electrode in the time during which the first electrode reaction occurs.
  • the average temperature of the electrochromic element 1 when the second electrode reaction (dissolution reaction in the example of FIG. 5) occurs is the time average temperature of the electrode during the time during which the second electrode reaction occurs.
  • the average temperature when the dissolution reaction occurs can be made higher than the average temperature when the precipitation reaction occurs. Thereby, progress of a dissolution reaction can be promoted. That is, when the second electrode reaction having a large reaction resistance occurs, the progress of the second electrode reaction can be promoted by increasing the average temperature of the functional layer 23.
  • the average temperature during the dissolution reaction is 40 ° C. to 50 ° C.
  • the average temperature during the precipitation reaction is, for example, room temperature or outside temperature.
  • the period during which a positive bias voltage is applied between the first terminal 30 and the second terminal 40 coincides with the period during which a current flows through the first electrode 21. . That is, the dissolution reaction and the exotherm are started at the same time and are ended at the same time.
  • the timing to start and end the heat generation is not limited to this.
  • heat generation may be started before starting the dissolution reaction. Specifically, after a current is passed through the first electrode 21 to start heat generation, that is, after application of a voltage is started between the first terminal 30 and the heat generation terminal 31, the first terminal 30 and the second electrode A positive bias voltage may be applied between the terminal 40 and the terminal 40.
  • the electrochromic element 1 includes the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 having translucency, which are disposed to face each other, the first electrode 21, the second electrode 22, and the like.
  • the electrochromic device 1 is provided with a functional layer 23 including an electrolyte, and the functional layer 23 includes: (i) ions contained in the electrolyte react with the first electrode 21 in a first electrode reaction.
  • the first optical state When it occurs, it enters the first optical state, and (ii) when the ions contained in the electrolyte cause a second electrode reaction with a higher reaction resistance than the first electrode reaction to the first electrode 21, the first When the second optical state is different from the optical state and the second electrode reaction occurs, the average temperature of the electrochromic element 1 is higher than the average temperature of the electrochromic element 1 when the first electrode reaction occurs
  • the average temperature when the second electrode reaction is difficult to proceed is higher than the average temperature when the first electrode reaction is initiated, the progress of the second electrode reaction can be promoted. Therefore, the change in the optical state of the electrochromic element 1 can be performed more smoothly.
  • the electrochromic element 1 further includes a heating mechanism for heating the functional layer 23.
  • the first electrode reaction is a reaction in which metal ions contained in the electrolyte are deposited as the metal film 23a
  • the second electrode reaction is a reaction in which the metal film 23a is dissolved as metal ions.
  • the surface roughness of the first electrode 21 may be smaller than the surface roughness of the second electrode 22.
  • the surface roughness of the metal film 23 a can be made smaller than when the metal film 23 a is deposited on the second electrode 22. That is, the surface of the metal film 23a deposited on the first electrode 21 can be brought closer to a mirror surface. Therefore, the light incident on the electrochromic element 1 can be specularly reflected.
  • the heating mechanism passes through the two terminals.
  • the first electrode reaction eg, precipitation reaction
  • the first electrode reaction is caused to have an average temperature higher than the average temperature when the first electrode reaction (eg, dissolution reaction) is caused.
  • the functional layer 23 is heated when a two-electrode reaction occurs
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the heating mechanism may always heat the functional layer 23.
  • the first electrode reaction is a precipitation reaction and the second electrode reaction is a dissolution reaction
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the first electrode reaction may be an adsorption reaction or intercalation
  • the second electrode reaction may be an elimination reaction or deintercalation.
  • the heating mechanism includes the first terminal 30 and the heat generating terminal 31 and the first electrode 21 generates heat.
  • a heat generating terminal electrically connected to the second electrode 22 may be provided on the second substrate 11. Thereby, the second electrode 22 may generate heat.
  • both the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 may generate heat.
  • the heating mechanism may be a heater.
  • the heater is a heating member such as a heating wire or a conductive substrate.
  • a heater may be provided on the surface of at least one of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 opposite to the optical adjustment layer 20.
  • the functional layer 23 can be heated by heating the first substrate 10 or the second substrate 11 with a heater.
  • the electrochromic element 1 may not include the heat generating terminal 31.
  • the functional layer 23 is a polymer material in which an electrolyte containing metal ions is dissolved has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the functional layer 23 may have a stacked structure of an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode layer.
  • the electrochromic layer is made of an electrochromic material whose optical state changes when ions are occluded or released.
  • the electrochromic material is a metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide.
  • the metal oxide may be doped with a metal such as lithium or sodium as a dopant.
  • the electrolyte layer is a layer that can move ions between the electrochromic layer and the counter electrode layer.
  • the electrolyte layer is made of, for example, silicate, silicon oxide, tantalum oxide, or the like.
  • the counter electrode layer is a layer for storing ions for changing the optical state of the electrochromic layer.
  • a metal oxide such as nickel oxide or tungsten oxide can be used.
  • the embodiment can be realized by arbitrarily combining the components and functions in each embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention, or a form obtained by subjecting each embodiment to various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art. Forms are also included in the present invention.
  • Electrochromic element 10 1st board
  • substrate 20 Optical adjustment layer 21 1st electrode 22 2nd electrode 23 Functional layer 23a Metal film 30 1st terminal 31 Heating terminal (heating mechanism) 40 Second terminal 50 Sealing material 60 Power supply unit

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un élément électrochromique (1) comprenant : une première électrode (21) et une seconde électrode (22) qui sont transparentes et qui sont disposées en regard l'une de l'autre; ainsi qu'une couche fonctionnelle (23) qui contient un électrolyte et qui est placée entre la première électrode (21) et la seconde électrode (22). La couche fonctionnelle (23) (i) passe à un premier état optique si une première réaction d'électrode se produit entre les ions contenus dans l'électrolyte et la première électrode (21), et (ii) passe à un second état optique différent du premier si les ions contenus dans l'électrolyte subissent une seconde réaction d'électrode avec ladite première électrode (21) dans le cas d'une résistance de réaction supérieure à celle de la première réaction d'électrode. La température moyenne de l'élément électrochromique (1) quand la seconde réaction d'électrode se produit est supérieure à la température moyenne de cet élément électrochromique (1) lorsque la première réaction d'électrode se produit.
PCT/JP2016/000657 2015-02-25 2016-02-09 Élément électrochromique WO2016136163A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2015035828A JP2016157020A (ja) 2015-02-25 2015-02-25 エレクトロクロミック素子
JP2015-035828 2015-02-25

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WO2016136163A1 true WO2016136163A1 (fr) 2016-09-01

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Cited By (1)

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CN108732844A (zh) * 2017-04-17 2018-11-02 斯坦雷电气株式会社 电光学装置、显示装置

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JP6978220B2 (ja) * 2017-04-20 2021-12-08 スタンレー電気株式会社 電気光学装置、投影スクリーン

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JPH0781235A (ja) * 1993-09-13 1995-03-28 Toray Ind Inc 書き換え可能な簡易型カラー表示体
JPH09160511A (ja) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-20 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 磁気記録体及びその記録方法
JP2000155345A (ja) * 1998-11-24 2000-06-06 Affinity Kk 調光ガラスを使用した窓
JP2001059979A (ja) * 1999-06-17 2001-03-06 Sony Corp 光学装置及びその駆動方法、並びに撮像装置
JP2015212719A (ja) * 2014-05-01 2015-11-26 セイコーエプソン株式会社 電気光学装置、及び電子機器

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0781235A (ja) * 1993-09-13 1995-03-28 Toray Ind Inc 書き換え可能な簡易型カラー表示体
JPH09160511A (ja) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-20 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 磁気記録体及びその記録方法
JP2000155345A (ja) * 1998-11-24 2000-06-06 Affinity Kk 調光ガラスを使用した窓
JP2001059979A (ja) * 1999-06-17 2001-03-06 Sony Corp 光学装置及びその駆動方法、並びに撮像装置
JP2015212719A (ja) * 2014-05-01 2015-11-26 セイコーエプソン株式会社 電気光学装置、及び電子機器

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108732844A (zh) * 2017-04-17 2018-11-02 斯坦雷电气株式会社 电光学装置、显示装置

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