WO2016124161A1 - Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂及其合成与应用 - Google Patents
Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂及其合成与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
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- the invention belongs to the field of catalysis, relates to a Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst and its synthesis and application, in particular to a Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1- catalyst with a water phase stability and low-temperature high-efficiency reforming methanol hydrogen production catalyst.
- the synthesis method and application of x .
- Hydrogen energy is recognized as a clean, high calorific value energy source.
- the most effective form of hydrogen energy utilization is a hydrogen fuel cell. Compared to the combustion reaction of an internal combustion engine, a hydrogen fuel cell efficiently converts chemical energy into electrical energy, and the utilization rate is increased by 40% to 50%.
- the hydrogen storage technology is backward. At present, whether it is storing hydrogen in the form of gas or storing hydrogen in the form of liquid, there are problems of excessive pressure, large volume and low safety factor.
- Methanol is the most promising hydrogen storage liquid material. Because methanol can be industrialized on a large scale, its output value exceeds fossil energy. At the same time, methanol has a high H/C ratio and has a strong hydrogen storage capacity. In addition, methanol does not contain CC bonds and easily releases hydrogen. And fewer by-products. At present, the hydrogen production method of methanol is through steam reforming and liquid phase reforming of methanol which is studied in reforming and reforming.
- Cu-based catalysts have a reaction temperature of 250-300 ° C, and the reaction activity is high, but the catalyst is easily oxidized by water, and when the reaction is stopped, reforming is carried out.
- Gas condensation H 2 O and CH 3 OH
- noble metal catalysts generally use oxide as a carrier, but methanol is more susceptible to decomposition reactions on oxide-supported noble metal catalysis.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a synthesis of a Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst and its application in liquid phase reforming of methanol, which is prepared by the present invention at a liquid phase reforming reaction temperature (170 to 210 ° C).
- the Pt-(MoC)-based catalyst which is stable in existence has good methanol liquid phase reforming performance.
- TPSR temperature programmed surface reaction
- TPD temperature programmed methanol desorption
- a method for synthesizing a Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst comprising the steps of:
- step 3 further drying the solid obtained in step 2), and then heating to 400-500 ° C, at a maximum temperature for a certain period of time, to obtain a Pt-MoO 3 solid;
- the Pt-MoO 3 solid obtained in the step 3) is carbonized in a carbonization atmosphere containing both a carbon source and a hydrogen source to obtain a Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst.
- the platinum precursor salt is generally a water-soluble platinum salt, for example, one selected from the group consisting of potassium chloroplatinate, sodium chloroplatinate, chloroplatinic acid and the like.
- concentration of the finally formed platinum precursor salt solution is 0.05-0.3M.
- the solid MoO 3 may be obtained by various preparation methods of different sizes, different specific surface areas of MoO 3.
- Pt:Mo molar ratios can be obtained, wherein the Pt element content (molar number) should not exceed the Mo element content (moles).
- step 3 the temperature is programmed in the tube furnace, the temperature of the program temperature is 3 ⁇ 10 °C/min, and the time reserved at the highest temperature is 2-6 hours. Different heating rates and different constant temperature times will affect the size of Pt and Dispersion.
- step 2) the mixture is stirred to dryness at a temperature of 20-40 ° C, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 40-60 ° C in step 3).
- the carbonization atmosphere in step 4) includes CH 4 /H 2 or C 2 H 6 /H 2 , and the volume ratio of the carbon source to the hydrogen source is between 10 and 30%, preferably 20% by volume, and the rate of carbonization is 1 to 10 ° C / min, the maximum temperature of carbonization is 600 ⁇ 900 ° C.
- the present invention provides a Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst synthesized by the above method.
- the carrier ⁇ -MoC 1-x of the above Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst is a pure ⁇ phase, and the weight percentage of Pt is 0.5 to 15%.
- Pt is distributed in a layered form on the ⁇ -MoC 1-x carrier.
- the invention also provides the use of the above Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst for efficient reforming of methanol at low temperature (150-210 ° C) in an aqueous phase.
- Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst refers to a catalyst in which Pt is supported on an ⁇ -MoC 1-x support, wherein x is from 0 to 0.5.
- the ⁇ -MoC 1-x is stably present in the aqueous phase and has the characteristics of low temperature dissociation water, which improves the coverage of “-OH” on the catalyst surface.
- “-OH” is beneficial to the “-CH” cleavage of Pt catalyzed methanol. Thereby, the methanol reforming reaction is promoted and the methanol decomposition reaction is inhibited.
- the present invention has wide application prospects in the Pt-(MoC)-based catalyst for the efficient reforming of methanol aqueous phase or the catalytic reaction of molybdenum carbide in the aqueous phase.
- Figure 1 is an XRD pattern of various Pt-(MoC)-based catalysts synthesized in different supports in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x in Example 1.
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the reactivity data of Pt/?-MoC 1-x in Example 1 obtained by optimizing the methanol to water concentration ratio.
- Fig. 4 is a graph showing activity evaluation data of Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x in Example 1.
- Figure 5 is a graph of temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) of various Pt-(MoC)-based catalysts synthesized in different carriers in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, wherein (a) corresponds to Example 1, and (b) corresponds to the comparative example. 1, (c) corresponds to Comparative Example 2.
- TPSR temperature-programmed surface reaction
- the morphology of the Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x supported catalyst synthesized in this example was observed using a dark field scanning transmission mode of a transmission electron microscope, and the bulk phase structure was observed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
- the XRD sample preparation method was as follows: The above carbonized catalyst was passivated with a passivation gas of 0.5% O 2 /Ar for 8 h, and was ground for use in an XRD test.
- the transmission electron microscope sample preparation method is as follows: the obtained catalyst is placed in a glove box, and the ground solid is introduced into an oxygen-free anhydrous ethanol to be dispersed, and a plurality of droplets are dispersed and added to an ultrathin carbon film for transmission electron microscope. Above, after air drying, it is sent to a transmission electron microscope for testing.
- the XRD pattern is shown in Figure 1 (a), and the Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x vector is pure ⁇ -MoC 1-x (100% ⁇ ).
- the electron micrograph is shown in Fig. 2.
- Pt is mostly distributed in a layered form on the ⁇ -MoC 1-x carrier, about 2 nm, and can be determined to be epitaxial growth by lattice alignment.
- the synthesis method can control the loading of different Pt/ ⁇ -MoC 1-x by the calcination procedure, and the Pt wt% obtained by the experimental method is 2.2%.
- the Pt-(MoC)-based catalyst synthesized in this embodiment can be controlled by changing the form of the precursor.
- the catalytic activity of the present invention at 190 ° C is significantly higher than other molybdenum carbide based catalysts and oxide supported Pt catalysts.
- the catalyst of the invention not only has a relatively high hydrogen production rate and a low CO selectivity (less than 0.1%, as shown in Fig. 3), but is far lower than the CO tolerance of the high temperature hydrogen fuel cell, overcoming the oxide carrier loading.
- Pt catalyst has low catalytic activity and high CO selectivity; its near-real system simulation data shows the stability of catalysis during heating and cooling. The weakness of the conventional Cu catalyst and water deactivation which cannot be used multiple times is overcome, and the activity of the Cu-based catalyst at 250 ° C is approached at 190 ° C.
- TPSR temperature-programmed surface reaction
- the conventional catalyst (c) needs to undergo -CH bond cleavage at 180 ° C, and no H 2 O -OH bond cleavage occurs.
- Methanol decomposition mainly occurs, although H 2 is produced but a large amount of CO is generated at the same time, which is not suitable for use with a fuel cell.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂及其合成与应用。将铂前体盐溶于水中,将其浸渍到MoO3载体上搅拌至干,然后将该固体置于40-60℃真空干燥箱中烘干,再在马弗炉中程序升温至400-500℃,在最高温度处保留一定时间,得到Pt-MoO3,所得的固体在一定比例的碳化气氛围中碳化,即得到Pt/α-MoC1-x催化剂。此Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂作为低温(150~190℃)水相重整甲醇制氢的良好催化剂,其催化活性优于铂负载于氧化物载体与铂负载于非纯MoC载体上,在接近真实体系的模拟中有较高的稳定性。
Description
本申请要求于2015年2月2日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510053793.8发明名称为“Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂及其合成与应用”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明属于催化领域,涉及一种Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂及其合成与应用,具体涉及一种具有水相稳定,低温高效重整甲醇制氢催化剂Pt/α-MoC1-x的合成方法及应用。
化石能源使用产生的废气和固体颗粒远远的超过了环境的自动净化能力,清洁能源的开发不仅是解决能源问题的根本,也是解决环境问题的关键。氢能源是被大家公认的清洁、高热值的能源。氢能最有效的利用形式是氢能燃料电池,相比于内燃机燃烧反应,氢能燃料电池将化学能高效的转化为电能,利用率提高了40%~50%。但是储氢技术的落后,目前无论是以气体的形式储氢还是以液体的形式储氢,都存在压力过高,体积太大,安全系数低的问题。而如果将氢气以化学的形式储存于液体燃料中(甲醇、甲酸、氨气),再通过一定的催化反应将储存的氢气原位释放出来供燃料电池使用,这个方法能够有效的解决燃料电池储氢困难的问题,从而推动氢能燃料电池的发展。
甲醇是最被看好的储氢液体材料,由于首先甲醇能够进行大规模工业化,其产值超过化石能源,同时甲醇具有高H/C比,储氢能力强,另外甲醇不含C-C键,易释放氢气并且副产物少。目前甲醇产氢的方法是通过重整,重整中研究较多的甲醇的水汽重整和液相重整。水汽重整目前的研究主要集中在Cu基催化剂和贵金属(group VIII)催化剂:Cu基催化剂反应温度在250~300℃,反应活性较高,但是催化剂易被水氧化,停止反应时,重整中的气体冷凝(H2O和CH3OH)就会使催化剂活去40%甚至更多的活性;贵金属催化剂一般以氧化物做载体,但是在氧化物负载的贵金属催化上,甲醇更易发生分解反应,导致CO含量超过50%甚至更高,CO含量远远超过了燃料电池的耐受力(<100℃
为低温氢燃料电池,CO含量需小于50ppm,100~200℃为高温氢燃料电池,CO含量需小于5%)。水汽重整不仅要通过气化炉汽化反应物,由于CO含量偏高,还要再通过水汽迁移(WGS)或Prox对氢气进行纯化,整套装置繁琐复杂。液相甲醇重整直接将甲醇和水在溶液中进行反应,不需要对反应物进行汽化,同时在液相中反应能够大大降低CO的含量,这样就可省去对生成的氢气进行纯化,由此使甲醇液相重整与氢燃料电池一体化装置更加紧凑简单。但传统的Cu基催化剂在液相中无法稳定存在,氧化物负载的贵金属催化剂活性极低,不符合使用的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的合成及其在甲醇液相重整中的应用,本发明制备得到的在液相重整反应温度下(170~210℃)能够稳定存在的Pt-(MoC)基催化剂,具有良好的甲醇液相重整性能。
发明人在研究过程中发现碳化物负载的贵金属Pt Pt-(MoC)基催化剂相比于氧化物载体负载的Pt Pt-(AxOy)催化剂表现出了超高的液相甲醇重整活性。实验发现在各类碳化物中(纯α相记为α-MoC1-x,纯β相记为β-Mo2C,αβ混相记为MoCx),α-MoC1-x载体表现出了最高的催化活性。通过程序升温表面反应(TPSR)与程序升温甲醇脱附(TPD)发现,H2O解离产生的“-OH”有利于CH3OH中“-C-H”的断裂,从而促进甲醇的重整在低温发生,并且抑制了CO的生成。而其他氧化载体无法使水在170~210℃的低温下发生分解,就主要发生了甲醇分解反应。因此合成Pt均匀分散于纯α-MoC1-x载体(Pt/α-MoC1-x)上是发生低温高效液相甲醇重整的关键。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将铂前体盐溶解于水中;
2)将步骤1)所得的铂前体盐溶液加入到MoO3固体中,并搅拌至干;
3)将步骤2)所得的固体进一步烘干,再程序升温至400-500℃,在最高温度处保留一定的时间,得到Pt-MoO3固体;
4)将步骤3)所得的Pt-MoO3固体在同时含有碳源与氢源的碳化气氛中碳化,即得到Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂。
上述步骤1)中,所述铂前体盐一般是水溶性的铂盐,例如选自下列化合物中的一种:氯亚铂酸钾、氯亚铂酸钠、氯铂酸等。最终形成的铂前体盐溶液的浓度为0.05-0.3M。
步骤2)中,所述MoO3固体可以是通过不同制备方法得到的不同尺寸、不同比表面积的MoO3。通过调节铂前体盐的加入量,可得到不同的Pt∶Mo摩尔比,其中Pt元素含量(摩尔数)不应超过Mo元素的含量(摩尔数)。
步骤3)中在管式炉中程序升温,程序升温的速度为3~10℃/min,在最高温度处保留的时间2~6h,不同的升温速度及不同的恒温时间都会影响Pt的大小和分散度。
步骤2)中,在20-40℃温度下搅拌至干,步骤3)中,在真空干燥箱中40-60℃烘干。
步骤4)中碳化气氛包括CH4/H2或C2H6/H2,碳源与氢源的体积比在10~30%之间,优选体积比为20%,碳化程序升温的速度为1~10℃/min,碳化的最高温度为600~900℃。
采用不同碳化气氛在不同的温度下制备Pt/α-MoC1-x会影响Pt/α-MoC1-x载体的结晶度和Pt的大小和分散度。
本发明提供一种由上述方法合成的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂。
进一步地,上述Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的载体α-MoC1-x为纯α相,Pt的重量百分数为0.5~15%。
进一步地,上述Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂中Pt以层状形式分布于α-MoC1-x载体上。
本发明还提供上述Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂在水相中低温(150~210℃)高效重整甲醇的应用。
如本文中所使用的,表述“Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂”是指Pt负载于
α-MoC1-x载体上的催化剂,其中x为0到0.5。本发明的技术优势在于:
1、发展了一种水相高效重整甲醇的良好催化剂Pt/α-MoC1-x,其在190℃反应条件下活性远优于其它碳化钼载体负载的贵金属催化剂,更远优于氧化物载体负载的贵金属催化剂。更值得一提的是,在这个高活性产氢的速率下,CO的选择性低于0.1%。该催化剂克服了负载型贵金属催化剂低产氢活性高CO选择性的弱点。
2、利用α-MoC1-x在水相中稳定存在并且具有低温解离水的特性,提高催化剂表面“-O-H”的覆盖度,“-O-H”有利于Pt催化甲醇的“-C-H”断裂从而促进甲醇重整反应发生并抑制甲醇分解反应。
所以,本发明在Pt-(MoC)基催化剂催化甲醇水相高效重整或碳化钼在水相中发生催化反应都具有广泛的应用前景。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例和现有技术的技术方案,下面对实施例和现有技术中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是实施例1、2、3、4及对比例1中不同载体合成的各类Pt-(MoC)基催化剂的XRD图。
图2是实施例1中Pt/α-MoC1-x的透射电子显微镜照片。
图3是通过优化甲醇与水浓度比得到的实施例1中Pt/α-MoC1-x的反应活性数据图。
图4是实施例1中Pt/α-MoC1-x的活性评价数据图。
图5是实施例1及对比例1、2中不同载体合成的各类Pt-(MoC)基催化剂程序升温表面反应(TPSR)图,其中(a)对应实施例1,(b)对应对比例1,(c)对应对比例2。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案、及优点更加清楚明白,以下参照附图并举实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,但不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1Pt/α-MoC1-x(100%α)催化剂的合成(MoO3200nm)
将铂前体盐六水合氯铂酸1g溶解于10mL水中,浸渍H2PtCl6溶液到MoO3载体上,室温下搅拌至干,再在真空干燥箱中60℃烘干,然后将催化剂置于马弗炉中煅烧,程序升温至500℃并保留120min。最后在20%CH4/H2的气氛中碳化,程序升温至700℃并保留120min。
本实施例所合成的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的形貌使用透射电子显微镜的暗场扫描透射模式进行观察,体相结构通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)进行观察。
XRD样品制备方法如下:将上述碳化的催化剂用0.5%O2/Ar的钝化气钝化8h,研磨后即可用于XRD测试。
透射电子显微镜样品制备方法如下:将所获得的催化剂置于手套箱中,将研磨后的固体导入除氧的无水乙醇中分散,取数滴分散液滴加在透射电子显微镜用超薄碳膜上,待风干后送入透射电子显微镜进行测试。
XRD图如图1(a)显示,Pt/α-MoC1-x载体为纯α-MoC1-x(100%α)。电子显微镜照片如图2所示,Pt大部分以层状形式分布于α-MoC1-x载体上,约2nm,通过晶格比对可确定为外延生长。
本合成方法可通过煅烧的程序来控制最后得到不同Pt/α-MoC1-x的担载量,本实验方法得到的Pt wt%=2.2%。
本实施例所合成的Pt-(MoC)基催化剂可通过改变前驱体的形式来控制合
成的载体MoC的相的组成。
实施例2Pt/MoCx(70%α)的合成
将铂前体盐六水合氯铂酸1g溶解于10mL水中,浸渍H2PtCl6溶液到MoO3载体上,室温下搅拌至干,再在真空干燥箱中60℃烘干,在20%CH4/H2的气氛中碳化程序升温至700℃并保留120min。XRD图如图1(b)所示。
实施例3Pt/MoCx(45%α)的合成
取1g七钼酸铵溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌至全部溶解,将铂前体盐六水合氯铂酸1g溶解于10mL水中,取氯铂酸水溶液加入钼酸铵溶液中,搅拌2h至沉淀完全,在100℃油浴中蒸发至干,研磨后置于60℃烘箱中3h,再将该催化剂在20%CH4/H2的气氛中碳化,程序升温至700℃并保留120min。XRD图如图1(d)所示。
实施例4Pt/Mo2C(100%β)的合成
取1g七钼酸铵溶于马弗炉中,程序升温至500℃并保留240min制得0.8g MoO3。将该MoO3在20%CH4/H2的气氛中碳化,程序升温至700℃并保留120min制得β-Mo2C,用0.5%O2/Ar的钝化气钝化8h。
将铂前体盐六水合氯铂酸1g溶解于10mL水中,取氯铂酸水溶液加入研磨后的β-Mo2C中搅拌至干,置于60℃真空干燥箱中3h,再将该催化剂在20%CH4/H2的气氛中碳化,程序升温至700℃并保留120min。XRD图如图1(e)所示。
对比例1 Pt/α-MoC1-x(100%α)催化剂的合成(七钼酸铵)
取1g七钼酸铵溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌至全部溶解,将铂前体盐六水合氯铂酸1g溶解于10mL水中,取氯铂酸水溶液加入钼酸铵溶液中,搅拌2h至沉淀完全,在100℃油浴中蒸发至干,研磨后置于60℃烘箱中3h,然后将催化剂置于马弗炉中煅烧,程序升温至500℃并保留120min。再将该催化剂在20%CH4/H2的气氛中碳化,程序升温至700℃并保留120min。其合成方法参见文献Ma,Y.,et al.,International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014.39(1):p.258-266。XRD图如图1(c)所示。由该XRD图所看出的,在对比例1
制得的催化剂中,Pt不是以层状形式分布于载体上的而是以分散的纳米粒子形式存在。
对比例2 Pt/Al2O3
将铂前体盐六水合氯铂酸1g溶解于10mL水中,取铂前体盐加入至0.8g Al2O3(等体积浸渍体积800μL),搅拌至干再置于60℃烘箱中3h,然后将催化剂置于马弗炉中煅烧,程序升温至500℃并保留120min。再将该催化剂在H2的气氛中还原,程序升温至500℃,在500℃保留120min。
对比例3 Pt/TiO2
将铂前体盐六水合氯铂酸1g溶解于10mL水中,取铂前体盐加入至0.8g TiO2(等体积浸渍体积700μL),搅拌至干再置于60℃烘箱中3h,然后将催化剂置于马弗炉中煅烧,程序升温至500℃并保留120min。再将该催化剂在H2的气氛中还原至500℃,在500℃保留120min。
对比例4 Pt-Mo2C/C
将0.92g七钼酸铵溶于30mL热水中,将铂前体盐六水合氯铂酸1g溶解于10mL水中,将铂溶液加入2.5g处理过的活性炭,室温搅拌12h,然后在红外灯照射下搅拌干燥至凝胶状,60℃烘箱烘干,最后120℃烘箱烘至恒重,得到催化剂前体。将此前体在管式炉中还原处理,程序升温至400℃,保持1h,再程序升温至700℃保留180min。
其合成方法参见文献Li,J.,et al.,Energy&Environmental Science,2014.7(1):p.393。
将上述制备的负载型催化剂用于水相甲醇重整反应,反应条件为:封闭体系反应,反应体系中加入5mL甲醇和45mL水,n(甲醇)∶n(水)=1∶20,在2MPa N2(10%Ar为内标)保护气下反应,反应温度为190℃,反应10h,降至室温后用气相色谱对气相产物进行检测。
其中,对于实施例1制备的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂,经过对反应条件n(甲醇)∶n(水)浓度的调节,在n(甲醇)∶n(水)=1∶3时,反应活性最高,如图3所示。同时,由于实施例1制备的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂活性高,而反
应体系是封闭体系,生成过多的H2会抑制反应活性,所以需要对高活性的催化剂在更短的时间(如1h)来评价催化活性,见表1 Entry 2a。
各催化剂的反应性能如下面的表1所示。
表1.Pt-(MoC)基催化剂及其他催化剂的水相甲醇重整(190℃)反应性能比较
可以看出,本发明在190℃条件下的催化活性明显高于其它碳化钼基催化剂和氧化物载体负载的Pt催化剂。同时,本发明催化剂不仅产氢速率相当高并且CO选择性很低(小于0.1%,如图3所示),远远低于高温氢燃料电池对CO的耐受,克服了氧化物载体负载的Pt催化剂催化活性低,CO选择性高的弱点;其接近真实体系模拟的数据显示出催化在升温与降温过程中的稳定性,
克服了传统Cu催化剂与水失活无法多次使用的弱点,并且在190℃逼近了Cu基催化剂250℃的活性。
实施例1及对比例1、2中不同载体合成的各类Pt-(MoC)基催化剂程序升温表面反应(TPSR)图分别如图5(a)、(b)、(c)所示。反应程序为30-500℃,5℃/mon,用质谱检测m/z为2、28、16、44等的变化,TPSR主要说明了Pt-MoC体系催化剂(a)(b)在低温115℃就能使-C-H、-O-H键断裂,产生氢气和CO2发生甲醇重整反应,而传统催化剂(c)需要在180℃才能发生-C-H键断裂,并没有发生H2O的-O-H键断裂,主要发生甲醇分解,虽然产生H2但同时产生大量CO,不适合与燃料电池联用。
总之,这是一个在甲醇重整与氢能燃料电池一体化中很有应用前景的催化剂。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。
Claims (11)
- Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的合成方法,包括以下步骤:1)将铂前体盐溶解于水中;2)将步骤1)所得的铂前体盐溶液加入到MoO3固体中,并搅拌至干;3)将步骤2)所得的固体进一步烘干,再程序升温至400-500℃,在最高温度处保留一定的时间,得到Pt-MoO3固体;4)将步骤3)所得的Pt-MoO3固体在同时含有碳源与氢源的碳化气氛中碳化,即得到Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂。
- 如权利要求1所述的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述铂前体盐选自氯亚铂酸钾、氯亚铂酸钠或氯铂酸,最终形成的铂前体盐溶液的浓度为0.05-0.3M。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,通过调节铂前体盐的加入量,得到不同的Pt∶Mo摩尔比,其中Pt元素的摩尔数不超过Mo元素的摩尔数。
- 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中在管式炉中程序升温,程序升温的速度为3~10℃/min,在最高温度处保留的时间2~6h。
- 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,在20-40℃温度下搅拌至干,步骤3)中,在真空干燥箱中40-60℃烘干。
- 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,所述碳化气氛包括CH4/H2或C2H6/H2,碳源与氢源的体积比在10~30%之间;碳化程序升温的速度为1~10℃/min,碳化的最高温度为600~900℃。
- 一种由权利要求1-6中任一所述的合成方法合成的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂。
- 一种Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂,其特征在于,所述Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂中Pt以层状形式分布于α-MoC1-x载体上。
- 如权利要求7或8所述的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂,其特征在于,所述Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂的载体α-MoC1-x为纯α相,Pt的重量百分数为0.5~15%。
- 如权利要求7所述的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂,其特征在于,所述Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂中Pt以层状形式分布于α-MoC1-x载体上。
- 如权利要求7-10中任一项所述的Pt/α-MoC1-x负载型催化剂在水相中低温高效重整甲醇的应用,所述低温是指150~210℃。
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