WO2016117473A1 - ポリエステルの製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリエステルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016117473A1 WO2016117473A1 PCT/JP2016/051156 JP2016051156W WO2016117473A1 WO 2016117473 A1 WO2016117473 A1 WO 2016117473A1 JP 2016051156 W JP2016051156 W JP 2016051156W WO 2016117473 A1 WO2016117473 A1 WO 2016117473A1
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- opening polymerization
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- polymerization catalyst
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- 0 *C(C(OC1*)=O)OC1=O Chemical compound *C(C(OC1*)=O)OC1=O 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/823—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used for the preparation of polylactones or polylactides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/83—Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, beryllium, magnesium, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, manganese, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/84—Boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, rare-earth metals, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/87—Non-metals or inter-compounds thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing polyester. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a polyester by ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ester.
- Polyesters include those produced by chemical synthesis (aliphatic polyesters such as polylactones, polylactides and lactone lactide copolymers) and biopolyesters produced by microorganisms (polyhydroxycarboxylic acids and the like). Biopolyesters and aliphatic polyesters are known as biodegradable plastics. Polylactones, polylactides, or lactone lactide copolymers can be produced by direct polycondensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids, by ring-opening polymerization of lactones or lactides, or by biosynthetic reactions by bacteria.
- Synthesis methods such as polylactones, polylactides, and lactone lactide copolymers by ring-opening polymerization are easier to obtain high molecular weight polyesters than other synthesis methods, and are said to have a high degree of freedom in molecular design.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing polylactic acid, which includes ring-opening polymerization of lactide using an alkylaluminum compound such as triethylaluminum as a ring-opening polymerization catalyst.
- Patent Document 2 discloses the production of polylactic acid having a ring-opening polymerization reaction by adding a condensation product composed of aluminum isopropoxide, silicon tetrachloride, and tributyl phosphate to a solution containing L-lactide and triethylaluminum. A method is disclosed.
- An object of the present invention is to produce a polyester by simply inactivating water or a hydroxycarboxylic acid so as not to affect polymerization and stably ring-opening a cyclic ester without providing a dehydration facility. It is to provide a method that can.
- a cyclic ester and an alkylaluminum compound represented by the formula [I] are mixed in an organic solvent, and then an organic lithium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic sodium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, and an organic potassium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst
- An organic zinc-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic magnesium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organotin-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic calcium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic titanium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, and an amine-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst A method for producing a polyester, comprising mixing at least one ring-opening polymerization catalyst selected from the group with the mixture and subjecting the cyclic ester to ring-opening polymerization.
- R n AlX 3-n [I] (In the formula [I], n represents an integer of 1 to 3, each R independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and each X independently represents a halogen atom or Indicates a hydrogen atom.)
- the alkylaluminum compound is trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, And the method for producing a polyester according to [1] or [2], which is at least one selected from the group consisting of diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon A linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms A linear or branched alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched haloalkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenylcarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, 2 carbon atoms -20 linear or branched alkynylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group having 4 to 6
- the ring-opening polymerization catalyst is an organic lithium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic sodium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic potassium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, dialkylzinc, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidi Nyl) zinc, alkylzinc halide, substituted alkylzinc halide, cycloalkylzinc halide, arylzinc halide, 2-norbornylzinc bromide, dialkylmagnesium, organomagnesium halide, tin alkoxide, and amine ring-opening polymerization catalyst
- the method of the present invention it is possible to produce a polyester by stably ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ester without particularly providing equipment for removing impurities affecting the polymerization in the cyclic ester.
- a reaction raw material such as a cyclic ester
- the polyester can be produced by more stable ring-opening polymerization.
- an effect is caused by the fact that the alkylaluminum compound reacts with water or a hydroxycarboxylic acid that may be contained in an organic solvent containing a cyclic ester to inhibit the ring-opening polymerization reaction. It is assumed that this is because the hydroxycarboxylic acid is inactivated.
- the method for producing a polyester according to the present invention includes mixing a cyclic ester and an alkylaluminum compound in an organic solvent, and then mixing a ring-opening polymerization catalyst with the mixture to cause ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic ester.
- the cyclic ester used in the present invention is a compound containing an ester bond as shown in the formula [IIa].
- the cyclic ester represented by the formula [IIa] is a compound containing one ester bond, but the cyclic ester used in the present invention may be a compound containing two or more ester bonds.
- a cyclic ester can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- it is preferable that cyclic ester is what was dehydrated by well-known methods, such as adsorption and distillation.
- the cyclic ester used in the present invention may have an arbitrary substituent as long as it does not inhibit the ring-opening polymerization reaction.
- substituents include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and carbon.
- cyclic ester examples include ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl- ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -valero Lactone, ⁇ -ethyl- ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, 3,3,5-trimethyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -penta Lactones such as decalactone; glycolide, dilactide, 3,6-diethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione, 1,4-dioxepane-2,5-dione, 1,5-dioxocan-2,6 -Dione, 1,5-dioxonan-2,6-dione, 1,6-d
- Cyclic esters preferably used in the present invention are lactides. Lactides are compounds containing two ester bonds as shown in the formula [IIb].
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a carbon number A linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms A linear or branched alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched haloalkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or
- the compound represented by the formula [III] is preferably one in which R 1 and R 2 are the same.
- the cyclic ester most preferably used in the present invention is dilactide or 3,6-bis (2- (methylthio) ethyl) -1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione.
- the cyclic ester may have an asymmetric carbon atom. Therefore, the cyclic ester used in the present invention can be any one isomer or a mixture of at least two isomers. More specifically, the compound represented by the formula [III] has two asymmetric carbon atoms. Therefore, the compound represented by the formula [III] is an (R, R) isomer, (S, S) isomer, (R, S) isomer, or a mixture comprising at least two of these isomers. Can do.
- the cyclic ester used in the present invention may be commercially available or may be synthesized by a known method.
- Lactones can be obtained by intramolecular dehydration condensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids.
- Lactides can be obtained by depolymerizing oligomers obtained by intermolecular dehydration condensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids.
- a compound having a 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione structure can be obtained by depolymerizing an oligomer obtained by intermolecular dehydration condensation of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid examples include glycolic acid, L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid, ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyric acid, ⁇ -hydroxyvaleric acid, ⁇ -hydroxycaproic acid, ⁇ -hydroxyisocaproic acid , ⁇ -hydroxyheptanoic acid, ⁇ -hydroxyoctanoic acid, ⁇ -hydroxydecanoic acid, ⁇ -hydroxymyristic acid, ⁇ -hydroxystearic acid, 2-hydroxy-4- (methylthio) butanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4- ( Examples thereof include methylsulfinyl) butanoic acid and 2-hydroxy-4- (methylsulfonyl) butanoic acid.
- the alkylaluminum compound used in the present invention is a compound having a structure in which an alkyl group is bonded to aluminum.
- the alkylaluminum compound used in the present invention is preferably a compound represented by the formula [I].
- an alkyl aluminum compound can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- each R independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and each X independently represents a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- an alkylaluminum compound in which n in the formula [I] is 3 is preferably used.
- alkylaluminum compound used in the present invention include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride. , Ethylaluminum dichloride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and the like.
- the organic solvent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the ring-opening polymerization reaction.
- Specific examples of the organic solvent include ether solvents such as dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentylmethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, benzene, and xylene; n-pentane.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane and n-heptane; halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethane; N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N— Examples thereof include amide solvents such as dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and butyl acetate.
- An organic solvent can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- ether solvents aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents are preferred, ether solvents and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are more preferred, and cyclopentyl methyl ether and toluene are more preferred.
- the organic solvent is preferably dehydrated by a known method such as adsorption or distillation.
- the ring-opening polymerization catalyst used in the present invention is an organic lithium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic sodium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic potassium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic zinc-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, or an organic magnesium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst.
- Ring polymerization catalyst organic sodium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, organic potassium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst, dialkylzinc, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) zinc, alkylzinc halide, substituted alkylzinc halide, Cycloalkylzinc halide, arylzinc halide, 2-norbornylzinc bromide, dialkylmagnesium, organomagnesium And at least one selected from the group consisting of amine-based ring-opening polymerization catalysts, more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of dialkylzinc, dialkylmagnesium, and amine-based ring-opening polymerization catalysts. is there.
- a ring-opening polymerization catalyst can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- organolithium ring-opening polymerization catalysts include methyllithium, ethyllithium, isopropyllithium, isobutyllithium, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, n-hexyllithium, and alkyllithium such as 2-ethylhexyllithium.
- Aryl lithium such as phenyl lithium; lithium amide such as lithium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide and lithium diisopropylamide; lithium alkoxide such as lithium ethoxide and lithium t-butoxide; (trimethylsilyl) methyllithium; 2-methoxycarbonylisopropyl lithium; etc. Can be mentioned.
- organic sodium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst examples include sodium amides such as sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide; sodium alkoxides such as sodium ethoxide and sodium t-butoxide; and the like.
- organic potassium ring-opening polymerization catalyst examples include potassium amides such as potassium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide; potassium alkoxides such as potassium ethoxide and potassium t-butoxide; and the like.
- organozinc ring-opening polymerization catalysts include dialkyl zinc such as dimethyl zinc, diethyl zinc, diisopropyl zinc, dicyclopentyl zinc, and dicyclohexyl zinc; bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) zinc; methyl zinc Chloride, 2-propyl zinc bromide, n-propyl zinc bromide, n-butyl zinc bromide, isobutyl zinc bromide, sec-butyl zinc bromide, tert-butyl zinc bromide, 1,1-dimethylpropyl zinc bromide, 1-ethylpropyl zinc Bromide, 1-methylbutyl zinc bromide, 3-methylbutyl zinc bromide, n-pentyl zinc bromide, 1-ethylbutyl zinc bromide, 2-ethylbutyl zinc bromide, n-hexyl zinc bromide, 1-ethylpentyl zinc
- organomagnesium ring-opening catalysts include dialkylmagnesium such as diethylmagnesium and di-n-butylmagnesium; magnesium alkoxides such as magnesium diethoxide and magnesium ditert-butoxide; methylmagnesium bromide, methylmagnesium chloride, methylmagnesium iodide , Ethynyl magnesium bromide, ethynyl magnesium chloride, vinyl magnesium bromide, vinyl magnesium chloride, ethyl magnesium bromide, ethyl magnesium chloride, 1-propynyl magnesium bromide, allyl magnesium bromide, allyl magnesium chloride, cyclopropyl magnesium bromide, isopropenyl magnesium bromide, isopropyl Magnesium bromide, iso Propylmagnesium chloride, n-propylmagnesium chloride, 2-thienylmagnesium bromide, 3-thienylmagnesium bromide, 1-
- organotin ring-opening polymerization catalyst examples include tin alkoxides such as dimethoxytin, diethoxytin, tert-butoxytin, and diisopropoxytin; and tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate.
- Examples of the organic calcium-based ring-opening polymerization catalyst include calcium alkoxides such as calcium dimethoxide, calcium diethoxide, and calcium diisopropoxide.
- organotitanium ring-opening polymerization catalyst examples include alkoxytitanium such as tetramethoxytitanium, tetrapropoxytitanium, tetraisopropoxytitanium, tetrabutoxytitanium, and tetraisobutoxytitanium; titanium cyclohexyl; titanium phenoxide and the like.
- Examples of amine ring-opening polymerization catalysts include 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] -5-dodecene, N-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0]. Examples include -5-dodecene, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like.
- a cyclic ester and an alkylaluminum compound are mixed in an organic solvent.
- the mixing order of the cyclic ester, the alkylaluminum compound and the organic solvent is not particularly limited.
- a cyclic ester may be added to an organic solvent and then an alkylaluminum compound may be added, an alkylaluminum compound may be added to an organic solvent and then a cyclic ester may be added, or a cyclic ester and an alkylaluminum may be added to the organic solvent.
- the compound may be added almost simultaneously.
- the temperature at which the cyclic ester and the alkylaluminum compound are mixed is not particularly limited, but is preferably 75 ° C. or less, more preferably 70 ° C. or less.
- the minimum of the temperature at the time of mixing cyclic ester and the said alkyl aluminum compound will not be restrict
- the amount of the alkylaluminum compound to be mixed is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 mol to 5 mol, more preferably 1 mol to 3 mol, relative to 1 mol of the cyclic ester.
- the ring-opening polymerization catalyst is mixed with the mixture obtained in the previous step.
- the ring-opening polymerization catalyst and the mixture are preferably mixed when the cyclic ester and the alkylaluminum compound are mixed, preferably when 15 minutes to 10 hours have elapsed, and more preferably 30 minutes. This can be done after 3 minutes to 3 hours.
- the amount of the ring-opening polymerization catalyst to be mixed is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 mol to 10 mol, more preferably 0.1 mol to 5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the cyclic ester.
- the ring-opening polymerization can be performed by mixing the ring-opening polymerization catalyst and the mixture.
- the temperature during the ring-opening polymerization is not particularly limited, but is preferably adjusted according to the strength of the activity of the ring-opening polymerization catalyst.
- the temperature during ring-opening polymerization is preferably, for example, from room temperature to reflux temperature, more preferably from room temperature to 100 ° C., and even more preferably from room temperature to 70 ° C.
- the reaction product polyester can be purified by a known method.
- the purification method is not particularly limited.
- the reaction product solution is washed with an alkaline aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, an aqueous acid solution such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid, water, etc., and then separated by standing separation, centrifugation or the like. May be.
- the reaction product solution is contacted with a poor solvent to precipitate the reaction product, the reaction product solution is dispersed in warm water and the solvent is distilled off, the reaction product solution is applied to an adsorption column, etc. The method of making it distribute etc. is mentioned.
- the polyester in the solution after purification can be taken out by, for example, precipitating with a poor solvent such as water or alcohol, and distilling off the solvent by means such as hot water, hot air or reduced pressure.
- the purified solution can be taken out of the solution by removing the solvent from the solution using a thin film dryer, a vacuum dryer, a vented extruder, or the like.
- the polyester in the solution after purification can be precipitated with a poor solvent such as water or alcohol, and the slurry of the precipitate can be taken out as a solid by a centrifuge, a filter or the like.
- the polyester taken out from the solution can be dried at a temperature lower than the decomposition temperature of the polyester.
- the drying rate can be increased by reducing the pressure during the drying process.
- the drying treatment can usually be carried out until the residual solvent is preferably 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 300 ppm or less, and even more preferably 100 ppm or less.
- a homopolyester obtained from one cyclic ester and a copolyester obtained from two or more cyclic esters can be obtained as desired.
- a high molecular weight polyester can also be obtained.
- a polyester having a weight average molecular weight of preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000 can be obtained.
- a narrow molecular weight distribution to a wide molecular weight distribution can be obtained.
- a polyester having a ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is preferably 1.01 to 3.00, more preferably 1.01 to 2.50.
- the weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight are values obtained by converting the measurement results by GPC using tetrahydrofuran as an eluent to the molecular weight of standard polystyrene.
- the polyester obtained by the present invention can be used as a biodegradable polymer.
- the polyester obtained by the present invention can be processed into a fiber, a spinning, a nonwoven fabric, a capsule, a container, a tube, a tube, a film, a sheet and the like by a known method.
- the polyester obtained by the present invention can be used as drug sustained release system materials, medical materials, agricultural materials, fishery materials, general-purpose resin substitutes, paints, coating agents, adhesives, binders, and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are values obtained by converting the measurement results by GPC using tetrahydrofuran as an eluent into the molecular weight of standard polystyrene.
- Example 1 Dilactide 5.81 g (40.3 mmol) and toluene 27.83 g were added to a 200 mL eggplant flask and heated to 50 ° C. To this, 0.55 g of 1.0 M triethylaluminum hexane solution (manufactured by Aldrich, specific gravity 0.692) was added at 50 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 80 minutes. The solution was analyzed. No polymer was detected that could be detected by GPC.
- 1.0 M triethylaluminum hexane solution manufactured by Aldrich, specific gravity 0.692
- Example 2 Dilactide 5.95 g (41.3 mmol) and cyclopentyl methyl ether 38.9 g were added to a 200 mL eggplant flask and heated to 60 ° C. To this, 0.34 g of 1.0 M triethylaluminum hexane solution (manufactured by Aldrich, specific gravity 0.692) was added at 60 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. The solution was analyzed. No polymer was detected that could be detected by GPC.
- Example 3 Dilactide 5.82g (40.4mmol), toluene 25.46g, and tetrahydrofuran 15.12g were added to a 200 mL eggplant flask, and it heated at 60 degreeC. To this, 0.55 g of 1.0M triethylaluminum hexane solution (manufactured by Aldrich, specific gravity 0.692) was added at 60 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. The solution was analyzed. No polymer was detected that could be detected by GPC.
- 1.0M triethylaluminum hexane solution manufactured by Aldrich, specific gravity 0.692
- Example 4 To a 200 mL eggplant flask, add 10.70 g (40.5 mmol) of 3,6-bis (2- (methylthio) ethyl) -1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione and 50.02 g of toluene, and heat to 50 ° C. Warm up. To this, 0.14 g of 1.0 M triethylaluminum hexane solution (manufactured by Aldrich, specific gravity 0.692) was added at 50 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 8 hours. The solution was analyzed. No polymer was detected that could be detected by GPC.
- Reference example 1 Dilactide 5.78 g (40.10 mmol) and toluene 25.73 g were added to a 200 mL eggplant flask and heated to 70 ° C. To this, 0.66 g of 1.0 M triethylaluminum hexane solution (manufactured by Aldrich, specific gravity 0.692) was added at 70 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 6 hours. The solution was analyzed. No polymer was detected that could be detected by GPC.
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Abstract
Description
ポリラクトン類、ポリラクチド類、またはラクトンラクチド共重合体は、ヒドロキシカルボン酸の直接重縮合反応によって、ラクトン類またはラクチド類の開環重合反応によって、または細菌による生合成反応によって製造することができる。
本発明の課題は、脱水用の設備を特に設けなくても、簡便に水やヒドロキシカルボン酸を重合に影響しないように不活性化し、環状エステルを安定的に開環重合させてポリエステルを製造することができる方法を提供することである。
有機リチウム系開環重合触媒、有機ナトリウム系開環重合触媒、有機カリウム系開環重合触媒、有機亜鉛系開環重合触媒、有機マグネシウム系開環重合触媒、有機スズ系開環重合触媒、有機カルシウム系開環重合触媒、有機チタン系開環重合触媒、およびアミン系開環重合触媒からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの開環重合触媒を前記混合物に混ぜ合わせて環状エステルを開環重合させることを含む、ポリエステルの製造方法。
RnAlX3-n 〔I〕
(式〔I〕中、nは1~3の整数を示し、Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキル基を示し、Xは、それぞれ独立に、ハロゲン原子または水素原子を示す。)
〔5〕 環状エステルが1,4-ジオキサン-2,5-ジオン構造を有する化合物である、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか一つに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
〔6〕 環状エステルが式〔III〕で表される化合物である、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか一つに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
(式〔III〕中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のハロアルキル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキニル基、炭素数4~6のシクロアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキルカルボニル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のハロアルキルカルボニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルケニルカルボニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキニルカルボニル基、炭素数4~6のシクロアルキルカルボニル基、2-(メチルチオ)エチル基、2-(メチルスルフィニル)エチル基、2-(メチルスルホニル)エチル基、ベンジル基、またはフェニル基で表される基を示す。)
〔8〕 開環重合触媒が、ジアルキル亜鉛、ジアルキルマグネシウム、およびアミン系開環重合触媒からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つである、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか一つに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
〔10〕 開環重合触媒の量が、環状エステル1モルに対して0.01モル~10モルである、〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかひとつに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
詳細は不明だが、このような効果は、アルキルアルミニウム化合物が、環状エステルを含む有機溶媒中に含まれていることがある水やヒドロキシカルボン酸と反応して、開環重合反応を阻害する水やヒドロキシカルボン酸を不活性化するからであると推測する。
式〔III〕中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のハロアルキル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキニル基、炭素数4~6のシクロアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキルカルボニル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のハロアルキルカルボニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルケニルカルボニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキニルカルボニル基、炭素数4~6のシクロアルキルカルボニル基、2-(メチルチオ)エチル基、2-(メチルスルフィニル)エチル基、2-(メチルスルホニル)エチル基、ベンジル基、またはフェニル基を示す。
式〔III〕で表される化合物は、R1とR2とが同じであるものが好ましい。本発明において最も好ましく用いられる環状エステルは、ジラクチドまたは3,6-ビス(2-(メチルチオ)エチル)-1,4-ジオキサン-2,5-ジオンである。
1,4-ジオキサン-2,5-ジオン構造を有する化合物は、α-ヒドロキシカルボン酸の分子間脱水縮合により得られるオリゴマーを解重合することによって得ることができる。α-ヒドロキシカルボン酸としては、例えば、グリコール酸、L-乳酸、D-乳酸、α-ヒドロキシ酪酸、α-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸、α-ヒドロキシ吉草酸、α-ヒドロキシカプロン酸、α-ヒドロキシイソカプロン酸、α-ヒドロキシヘプタン酸、α-ヒドロキシオクタン酸、α-ヒドロキシデカン酸、α-ヒドロキシミリスチン酸、α-ヒドロキシステアリン酸、2-ヒドロキシ-4-(メチルチオ)ブタン酸、2-ヒドロキシ-4-(メチルスルフィニル)ブタン酸、2-ヒドロキシ-4-(メチルスルホニル)ブタン酸などを挙げることができる。
RnAlX3-n 〔I〕
式〔I〕中、Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐状のアルキル基を示し、Xは、それぞれ独立に、ハロゲン原子または水素原子を示す。
式〔I〕中、nは1~3の整数を示す。本発明においては、式〔I〕中のnが3であるアルキルアルミニウム化合物が好ましく用いられる。
これらのうち、エーテル系溶媒、芳香族炭化水素系溶媒、脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒が好ましく、エーテル系溶媒、芳香族炭化水素系溶媒がより好ましく、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、トルエンがさらに好ましい。有機溶媒は、吸着や蒸留などの公知の方法で脱水処理されたものであることが好ましい。
本発明において、前記開環重合触媒と前記混合物との混ぜ合わせは、環状エステルと前記アルキルアルミニウム化合物との混ぜ合わせが完了した時から、好ましくは15分間~10時間経過した時、より好ましくは30分間~3時間経過した時に行うことができる。
本発明の製造方法によれば、高分子量のポリエステルも得ることができる。本発明の製造方法によれば、例えば、重量平均分子量が好ましくは1000~1000000のポリエステルを得ることができる。
また、本発明の製造方法によれば、狭い分子量分布のものから広い分子量分布のものまで得ることができる。本発明の製造方法によれば、例えば、数平均分子量に対する重量平均分子量の比(Mw/Mn)が、好ましくは1.01~3.00、より好ましくは1.01~2.50のポリエステルを得ることができる。
なお、重量平均分子量および数平均分子量は、テトラヒドロフランを溶離液として用いたGPCによる測定結果を標準ポリスチレンの分子量に換算して得られる値である。
200mLナスフラスコにジラクチド5.81g(40.3mmol)とトルエン27.83gを添加し、50℃に加温した。これに、50℃にて、1.0M トリエチルアルミニウムへキサン溶液(アルドリッチ社製、比重0.692)0.55gを添加し、50℃にて80分間攪拌した。該溶液を分析した。GPCにて検出できるポリマーは生成していなかった。
200mLナスフラスコにジラクチド5.95g(41.3mmol)とシクロペンチルメチルエーテル38.9gを添加し、60℃に加温した。これに、60℃にて、1.0M トリエチルアルミニウムへキサン溶液(アルドリッチ社製、比重0.692)0.34gを添加し、60℃で30分間攪拌した。該溶液を分析した。GPCにて検出できるポリマーは生成していなかった。
200mLナスフラスコにジラクチド5.82g(40.4mmol)とトルエン25.46gとテトラヒドロフラン15.12gを添加し、60℃に加温した。これに、60℃にて、1.0M トリエチルアルミニウムへキサン溶液(アルドリッチ社製、比重0.692)0.55gを添加し、60℃で30分間攪拌した。該溶液を分析した。GPCにて検出できるポリマーは生成していなかった。
200mLナスフラスコに3,6-ビス(2-(メチルチオ)エチル)-1,4-ジオキサン-2,5-ジオン10.71g(40.5mmol)とトルエン49.96gを添加し、50℃に加温した。これに、50℃にて、1.0M ジブチルマグネシウムヘプタン溶液(アルドリッチ社製、比重0.713)0.11gを添加し、50℃にて8時間攪拌した。その後、室温まで放冷した。得られた溶液を分析した。GPCにて検出できるポリマーは生成していなかった。
3,6-ビス(2-(メチルチオ)エチル)-1,4-ジオキサン-2,5-ジオン10.71g(40.5mmol)とトルエン49.96gとからなる溶液を得た。この溶液に含まれる水分量は110ppmであった。比較例1では、この水がジブチルマグネシウムを不活性化し、重合反応が阻害されて、ポリエステルを得ることができなかったものと思われる。
200mLナスフラスコに3,6-ビス(2-(メチルチオ)エチル)-1,4-ジオキサン-2,5-ジオン10.70g(40.5mmol)とトルエン50.02gを添加し、50℃に加温した。これに、50℃にて、1.0M トリエチルアルミニウムへキサン溶液(アルドリッチ社製、比重0.692)0.14gを添加し、50℃で8時間攪拌した。該溶液を分析した。GPCにて検出できるポリマーは生成していなかった。
3,6-ビス(2-(メチルチオ)エチル)-1,4-ジオキサン-2,5-ジオン10.70g(40.5mmol)とトルエン50.02gとからなる溶液を得た。この溶液に含まれる水分量は110ppmであった。溶液中に含まれていたと思われる水がトリエチルアルミニウムによって捕捉され、重合反応が阻害されずに安定的に進んだからであると思われる。
200mLナスフラスコにジラクチド5.78g(40.10mmol)とトルエン25.73gを添加し、70℃に加温した。これに、70℃にて、1.0M トリエチルアルミニウムへキサン溶液(アルドリッチ社製、比重0.692)0.66gを添加し、70℃にて6時間攪拌した。該溶液を分析した。GPCにて検出できるポリマーは生成していなかった。
Claims (10)
- 環状エステルと、
式〔I〕 :
RnAlX3-n
(式〔I〕中、nは1~3の整数を示し、Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキル基を示し、Xは、それぞれ独立に、ハロゲン原子または水素原子を示す。)で表されるアルキルアルミニウム化合物とを、有機溶媒中で混ぜ合わせ、次いで
有機リチウム系開環重合触媒、有機ナトリウム系開環重合触媒、有機カリウム系開環重合触媒、有機亜鉛系開環重合触媒、有機マグネシウム系開環重合触媒、有機スズ系開環重合触媒、有機カルシウム系開環重合触媒、有機チタン系開環重合触媒、およびアミン系開環重合触媒からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの開環重合触媒を前記混合物に混ぜ合わせて環状エステルを開環重合させることを含む、ポリエステルの製造方法。 - 環状エステルと前記アルキルアルミニウム化合物とを混ぜ合わせる際の温度が、70℃以下である、請求項1に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記アルキルアルミニウム化合物が、トリメチルアルミニウム、トリエチルアルミニウム、トリイソブチルアルミニウム、トリn-ヘキシルアルミニウム、トリn-ブチルアルミニウム、トリn-オクチルアルミニウム、ジエチルアルミニウムクロライド、エチルアルミニウムセスキクロライド、エチルアルミニウムジクロライド、およびジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライドからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つである、請求項1または2に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 環状エステルがラクチド類である、請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 環状エステルが1,4-ジオキサン-2,5-ジオン構造を有する化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 環状エステルが式〔III〕:
(式〔III〕中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のハロアルキル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキニル基、炭素数4~6のシクロアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキルカルボニル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐のハロアルキルカルボニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルケニルカルボニル基、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐のアルキニルカルボニル基、炭素数4~6のシクロアルキルカルボニル基、2-(メチルチオ)エチル基、2-(メチルスルフィニル)エチル基、2-(メチルスルホニル)エチル基、ベンジル基、またはフェニル基で表される基を示す。)で表される化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。 - 開環重合触媒が、有機リチウム系開環重合触媒、有機ナトリウム系開環重合触媒、有機カリウム系開環重合触媒、ジアルキル亜鉛、ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジニル)亜鉛、アルキル亜鉛ハライド、置換アルキル亜鉛ハライド、シクロアルキル亜鉛ハライド、アリール亜鉛ハライド、2-ノルボルニル亜鉛ブロミド、ジアルキルマグネシウム、有機マグネシウムハライド、スズアルコキシド、およびアミン系開環重合触媒からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つである、請求項1~6のいずれか一つに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 開環重合触媒が、ジアルキル亜鉛、ジアルキルマグネシウム、およびアミン系開環重合触媒からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つである、請求項1~6のいずれか一つに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- アルキルアルミニウム化合物の量が、環状エステル1モルに対して、0.5モル~5モルである、請求項1~8のいずれかひとつに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 開環重合触媒の量は、環状エステル1モルに対して0.01モル~10モルである、請求項1~9のいずれかひとつに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
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CN112079999A (zh) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-15 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 一种锌催化剂催化环酯开环聚合的方法 |
CN112079999B (zh) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-11-16 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 一种锌催化剂催化环酯开环聚合的方法 |
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CN107108871B (zh) | 2019-04-30 |
US20180022867A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
EP3248998A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
US10577460B2 (en) | 2020-03-03 |
CN107108871A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
EP3248998A4 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
JP6298545B2 (ja) | 2018-03-20 |
JPWO2016117473A1 (ja) | 2017-08-10 |
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