WO2016092664A1 - 電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液 - Google Patents
電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016092664A1 WO2016092664A1 PCT/JP2014/082816 JP2014082816W WO2016092664A1 WO 2016092664 A1 WO2016092664 A1 WO 2016092664A1 JP 2014082816 W JP2014082816 W JP 2014082816W WO 2016092664 A1 WO2016092664 A1 WO 2016092664A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ethyl
- diethyl
- quaternary ammonium
- alkali metal
- double layer
- Prior art date
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- -1 alkali metal cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- NIHOUJYFWMURBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 NIHOUJYFWMURBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910020808 NaBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRNYBWIINIZODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-diethylmorpholin-4-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(CC)CCOCC1 SRNYBWIINIZODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SEWFSFIDCUJDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)[N+]1(C(CC(CC1)C)C)C Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(C(CC(CC1)C)C)C SEWFSFIDCUJDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPAUHXIEJRHJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)[N+]1(CC(C(CC1)C)C)C Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(CC(C(CC1)C)C)C YPAUHXIEJRHJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical group C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical group C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical class CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHENNSUMXBIICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,5-hexamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(C(CC1C)C)(C)C)C CHENNSUMXBIICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQJUTRNFTKVMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3-pentamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1C([N+](CC1)(C)C)(C)C NQJUTRNFTKVMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYJQLZLKXZUZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,4,4-hexamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(CC(C1)(C)C)(C)C)C FYJQLZLKXZUZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YATZZJIFNYWEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,4,5-hexamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(CC(C1C)C)(C)C)C YATZZJIFNYWEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSTFYGDNJGVQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,4-pentamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(CC(C1)C)(C)C)C LSTFYGDNJGVQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCHGTHILQIOGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,5,5-hexamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(CCC1(C)C)(C)C)C KCHGTHILQIOGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUADPAGVJJQAIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,5-pentamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(CCC1C)(C)C)C PUADPAGVJJQAIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYJWHRQTNJMEQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC[N+]1(C)C ZYJWHRQTNJMEQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBVDKQSRITWTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(C(C(C1)C)(C)C)C)C XBVDKQSRITWTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVPGUVUWQWPRLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3,5-hexamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(C(CC1C)(C)C)C)C UVPGUVUWQWPRLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWIKFSVBAUIXOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(C(C(C1)(C)C)C)C)C KWIKFSVBAUIXOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZBJRABHCMMTHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1C(C)C(C)[N+](C)(C)C1C ZZBJRABHCMMTHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNPUOWNVFGPKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,4-pentamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(C(C(C1)C)C)C)C QNPUOWNVFGPKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATXJIWLRRMLBNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,5-pentamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(C(CC1C)C)C)C ATXJIWLRRMLBNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITHSFYRZIAVQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3-tetraethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(C(C(CCC1)CC)CC)CC ITHSFYRZIAVQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROTAKHWWFFOZRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1CCC[N+](C)(C)C1C ROTAKHWWFFOZRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLMMWKJWBYPWDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,4,4-pentamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(CC(CC1C)(C)C)C FLMMWKJWBYPWDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJIFXDGSARIZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,4-tetraethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(C(CC(CC1)CC)CC)CC LJIFXDGSARIZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVBFJDOANPNKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,4-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(CC(C1)C)C)C WVBFJDOANPNKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEFMJTMXNZAYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,5-tetraethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(C(CCC(C1)CC)CC)CC UEFMJTMXNZAYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMQPRBUYSOWRNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,5-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1CCC(C)[N+](C)(C)C1 PMQPRBUYSOWRNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYDFARYFJDQXPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C(CCC1C)C)C UYDFARYFJDQXPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKKHGXDKYQKZKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,6-tetraethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(C(CCCC1CC)CC)CC QKKHGXDKYQKZKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYOMXQGIWAKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1CCCC(C)[N+]1(C)C ZYOMXQGIWAKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPYPYRNEQAUXHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-triethyl-3-methylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(C(C(CCC1)C)CC)CC YPYPYRNEQAUXHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AQDOGPJTLBJQTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-triethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)C1[N+](CCC1)(CC)CC AQDOGPJTLBJQTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYMOJXIRERFNHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trimethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1CCCC[N+]1(C)C WYMOJXIRERFNHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAJXCBJYFBUTCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1CCC[N+]1(C)C BAJXCBJYFBUTCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICEILEYRWHITIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,4-pentamethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(CC(C(C1)C)(C)C)C ICEILEYRWHITIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFZBKYWLYLHWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC[N+](C)(C)C1 FFZBKYWLYLHWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEFJTSASOJTBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1(C)CC[N+](C)(C)C1 FEFJTSASOJTBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TVQDEHYTLUHBAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3-triethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC1CC[N+](CC)(CC)C1 TVQDEHYTLUHBAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMCVKIIKZZLSDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,4-triethyl-2-methylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(C(CC(CC1)CC)C)CC DMCVKIIKZZLSDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NIYDAKYLOUTKBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,5-triethyl-2-methylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)[N+]1(CC(CCC1C)CC)CC NIYDAKYLOUTKBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PWZSCBSKFVJMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 PWZSCBSKFVJMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DREZKWDRXQDOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=C(C)[N+](C)=C(C)N1C DREZKWDRXQDOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGRXDKYGAIAHFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CC1C(C)N(C)C(C)N1C IGRXDKYGAIAHFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TUFNCRWGQFDPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-dimethyl-(2-methylpropyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)CC(C)C TUFNCRWGQFDPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNHMTDWODKLBSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-dimethyl-propan-2-ylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)C(C)C JNHMTDWODKLBSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOZZQPFBMNNPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-dimethyl-propylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C)CC ZOZZQPFBMNNPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCUPRSGLHYWGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-methyl-di(propan-2-yl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C(C)C)C(C)C BCUPRSGLHYWGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCTWRWJKAZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-methyl-dipropylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(CC)CCC YZCTWRWJKAZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGKSZJZWMLUTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-methyl-propan-2-yl-propylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(CC)C(C)C MGKSZJZWMLUTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOMFVLRTMZWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyltrimethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)C YOMFVLRTMZWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mepiquat Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFOJFWOVDZGATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(tripropyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(CCC)CCC VFOJFWOVDZGATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COYQOLYIVUYLFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-di(propan-2-yl)-propylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C(C)C)C(C)C COYQOLYIVUYLFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNALFBRJGWDPSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-propan-2-yl-dipropylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C(C)C)CCC CNALFBRJGWDPSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-P pyrimidine-1,3-diium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KLIUHARZXKNLFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)C(C)(C)C KLIUHARZXKNLFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPJZSTLXABSXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[N+](C)(C)C SPJZSTLXABSXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHELAZMFNUMSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-dimethyl-(2-methylpropyl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)C[N+](C)(C)C(C)(C)C FHELAZMFNUMSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMPRLBUMOCTEHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-ethyl-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)C(C)(C)C XMPRLBUMOCTEHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLJBCWLKMQZRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(2-methylpropyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC(C)C DLJBCWLKMQZRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRVPDGGTLNKOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC GRVPDGGTLNKOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGYXSYLSCVXFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(propyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WGYXSYLSCVXFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COOSQAXLLKTSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(2-methylpropyl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)C[N+](C)(C)C COOSQAXLLKTSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMTHNVMASXVELE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(propan-2-yl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)[N+](C)(C)C BMTHNVMASXVELE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/455—Phosphates containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D13/00—Compounds of sodium or potassium not provided for elsewhere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G28/00—Compounds of arsenic
- C01G28/007—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G30/00—Compounds of antimony
- C01G30/006—Halides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor and an electric double layer capacitor.
- An electric double layer capacitor is characterized by storing electricity by utilizing the phenomenon that ions in an electrolyte form an electric double layer by physical adsorption with an electrode when an electric field is applied to the electrolyte.
- Power storage device The electric double layer capacitor is widely used in, for example, an instantaneous power failure compensation device (UPS) because it has a higher charge / discharge speed than a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery that generates electricity by a chemical reaction.
- UPS instantaneous power failure compensation device
- organic electrolyte examples include an electrolyte obtained by dissolving a solid ammonium salt (electrolyte), for example, a linear aliphatic ammonium salt such as tetraethylammonium salt or triethylmethylammonium salt in an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate (Patent Document 1). ), N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium salts (Patent Document 2), spiro- (1,1) -bipiperidinium salts and other cyclic aliphatic ammonium salts dissolved in an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate ( Patent Document 3) is widely known and used. However, these electrolytes have a problem that they are not sufficiently durable when used in electric double layer capacitors.
- electrolyte a solid ammonium salt
- a linear aliphatic ammonium salt such as tetraethylammonium salt or triethylmethylammonium salt in an organic solvent such as prop
- an object of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolytic solution that provides an electric double layer capacitor having excellent durability.
- the inventors have determined that the alkali metal cation concentration is 0.1 to 30 ppm in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a quaternary ammonium salt. Then, it discovered that the electrical double layer capacitor manufactured using this electrolyte solution had the outstanding durability, and completed this invention based on this knowledge.
- the present invention includes the following contents.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte contains 0.1 to 30 ppm of an alkali metal cation.
- the non-aqueous solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate (1
- An electric double layer capacitor comprising the nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of (1) to (9) as an electrolytic solution.
- an electric double layer capacitor excellent in durability with reduced capacity (capacity deterioration) and increased resistance can be obtained over a long period of time.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor in which a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the above general formula (I) is dissolved as an electrolyte in a nonaqueous solvent.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention contains 0.1 to 30 ppm of an alkali metal cation.
- the electric double layer capacitor produced using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution has excellent durability.
- the total of them is set within this range. If an alkali metal cation exceeding 30 ppm is contained, there is a risk that the electric capacity of the electric double layer capacitor produced using the non-aqueous electrolyte is likely to be lowered (capacity deterioration is likely to occur).
- the alkali metal cation exceeding 30 ppm there is a possibility of causing a problem such as an increase in leakage current in the electric double layer capacitor produced using the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the alkali metal cation content in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably more than 10 ppm and 30 ppm or less, more preferably 12 to 30 ppm. Within such a range, an electric double layer capacitor manufactured using a non-aqueous electrolyte has excellent durability with reduced capacity reduction (capacity deterioration) and resistance increase over a long period of time. Become.
- alkali metal cation examples include lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion and the like. These may be one type or two or more types. Preferably, the alkali metal ion is sodium ion, potassium ion, or both. In a preferred embodiment of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention, the total of sodium ions and potassium ions in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 0.1 to 30 ppm.
- the method for producing a non-aqueous electrolyte in which the content of alkali metal cation is controlled in such a concentration range is not particularly limited.
- the content of the alkali metal cation in the non-aqueous electrolyte may be adjusted by adjusting the content of the alkali metal cation in the non-aqueous solvent and / or electrolyte that is the raw material of the non-aqueous electrolyte. You may add an alkali metal separately to electrolyte solution.
- the method etc. which adjust alkali metal cation content in a nonaqueous electrolyte by adjusting the alkali metal cation content in the quaternary ammonium salt used as electrolyte solution are preferable.
- the alkali metal cation content in the quaternary ammonium salt used for the production of the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably about 0.2 ppm to 300 ppm, more preferably about 0.5 to 120 ppm.
- the alkali metal salt is changed during salt exchange.
- a method of controlling the number of equivalents of reagents including an electrolyte obtained by dissolving an electrolyte (a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I)) with a solvent (poor solvent) having low solubility in alkali metal
- examples include a method of removing an alkali metal that has not been dissolved in the poor solvent by filtering the solution.
- a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) usually containing about 0.2 to 300 ppm, preferably about 0.5 to 120 ppm of an alkali metal cation can be obtained.
- the obtained quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) is added to a high purity (for example, purity of about 99.99% or more) non-aqueous solvent, for example, the concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt is about 0.1.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an alkali metal cation content of 0.1 to 30 ppm can be obtained by dissolving to a concentration of ⁇ 3 mol / L.
- an electrolyte is dissolved in a solvent (poor solvent) having low solubility with respect to an alkali metal, and the poor solvent
- the method of removing the alkali metal that did not dissolve in the solution by filtration is preferable because it is easy to operate and the numerical values can be easily managed.
- the content of the alkali metal cation in the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) depends on the poor solvent used, the filtration temperature, and the like.
- the poor solvent is preferably about ⁇ 10 to 50 ° C., more preferably about 0 to 25 ° C.
- the filtration method is not particularly limited, and may be performed by a normal method (under atmospheric pressure, under pressure, under reduced pressure).
- the amount of the poor solvent used is not particularly limited, but it may be added by about 1 to 10 times by mass with respect to the quaternary ammonium salt 1 represented by the general formula (I).
- an electrolyte in a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) was dissolved in propylene carbonate at about 5 to 50 ° C. and obtained.
- a method of filtering the solution at atmospheric pressure is preferred.
- the content of alkali metal cations in the non-aqueous electrolyte is usually 0.1. It can be controlled to ⁇ 30 ppm.
- the amount of alkali metal cation contained in the quaternary ammonium salt and the non-aqueous electrolyte can be measured by a known method such as ion chromatography.
- a known method such as ion chromatography.
- the conditions described in the Examples can be employed.
- the non-aqueous solvent in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma butyrolactone, and acetonitrile. 1 type of these may be used independently, or 2 or more types may be mixed and used.
- propylene carbonate ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate is preferable, and propylene carbonate is more preferable.
- a commercially available compound can be used, and it may be further purified by an arbitrary method and used.
- the concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I), which is an electrolyte, in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is preferably about 0.1 to 3 mol / L, particularly about 0.5 to 1.5 mol / L. preferable. Such a concentration range is preferable because the conductivity of the non-aqueous electrolyte is high. In addition, when the electrolyte concentration is in such a range, an increase in internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution can be more effectively suppressed. In addition, when the concentration of the electrolyte is within such a range, for example, even when the temperature becomes low, the salt hardly precipitates in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, so that it is suitable for use at a low temperature.
- a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the above general formula (I) is used as the electrolyte.
- Q + represents a quaternary ammonium cation.
- X ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ and RfSO 3 ⁇ (Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms). Represents the selected counter ion.
- X ⁇ is preferably BF 4 — .
- any tertiary amine quaternized with an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or the like is used.
- a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carbonyl group, an ether group, an aldehyde group, or the like may be bonded to the hydrocarbon moiety forming the quaternary ammonium cation.
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation in the present invention include, for example, a tetraalkylammonium ion obtained by quaternizing nitrogen of a trialkylamine, a pyrrolidinium ion obtained by quaternizing nitrogen of a pyrrolidine ring, and a spiro quaternary quaternary.
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (tetraalkylammonium ion) formed by quaternizing nitrogen of trialkylamine include the following. Tetramethylammonium, ethyltrimethylammonium, diethyldimethylammonium, N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium, tetraethylammonium, trimethyl-n-propylammonium, trimethylisopropylammonium, ethyldimethyl-n-propylammonium, ethyldimethylisopropyl Ammonium, diethylmethyl-n-propylammonium, diethylmethylisopropylammonium, dimethyldi-n-propylammonium, dimethyl-n-propylisopropylammonium, dimethyldiisopropylammonium, triethyl-n-propylammonium, n-buty
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (pyrrolidinium ion) formed by quaternizing the nitrogen of the pyrrolidine ring include the following. N, N-dimethylpyrrolidinium, N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, N, N-diethylpyrrolidinium, 1,1,2-trimethylpyrrolidinium, 1,1,3-trimethylpyrrolidinium 1-ethyl-1,2-dimethylpyrrolidinium, 1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylpyrrolidinium, 2-ethyl-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium, 3-ethyl-1,1-dimethylpyrroline Dinium, 1,1-diethyl-2-methylpyrrolidinium, 1,1-diethyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium, 1,2-diethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1,3-diethyl-1- Methylpyrrolidinium, 1,1,2-triethylpyr
- Examples of spiro-type quaternary ammonium cations include the following. Spiro- (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium, 2-methylspiro- (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium, 3-methylspiro- (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium, 2,2-dimethylspiro- (1,1 ′) -Bipyrrolidinium, 2,3-dimethylspiro- (1,1 ')-bipyrrolidinium, 3,3-dimethylspiro- (1,1')-bipyrrolidinium, 2,4-dimethylspiro- (1,1 ')-bipyrrolidinium 2,5-dimethylspiro- (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium, 3,4-dimethylspiro- (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium, 2,2′-dimethyl-spiro- (1,1 ′)-bipyrrol
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (morpholinium ion) formed by quaternizing the morpholine ring nitrogen include the following. N, N-dimethylmorpholinium, N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium, N, N-diethylmorpholinium, 3,4,4-trimethylmorpholinium, 2,4,4-trimethylmorpholinium 3-ethyl-4,4-dimethylmorpholinium, 2-ethyl-4,4-dimethylmorpholinium, 3,4-dimethyl-4-ethylmorpholinium, 2,4-dimethyl-4-ethylmol Horinium, 3-methyl-4,4-diethylmorpholinium, 2-methyl-4,4-diethylmorpholinium, 3,4-diethyl-4-methylmorpholinium, 2,4-diethyl-4- Methylmorpholinium, 3,4,4-triethylmorpholinium, 2,4,4-triethylmorpholinium, 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (imidazolinium ion) formed by quaternizing the nitrogen of the imidazoline ring include the following. N, N'-dimethylimidazolinium, N-ethyl-N'-methylimidazolinium, N, N'-diethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolinium, 1,3,4-trimethyl Imidazolinium, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1-ethyl-3,4-dimethylimidazolinium, 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylimidazolinium, 2-ethyl-1,3 -Dimethylimidazolinium, 4-ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1,2-diethyl-3-methylimidazolinium, 1,4-diethyl-3-methylimidazolinium, 1,5-diethyl -3-Methylimidazolinium,
- the quaternary ammonium cation (pyrimidinium ion) obtained by quaternizing the nitrogen of the tetrahydropyrimidine ring includes the following. N, N'-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, N-ethyl-N'-methyltetrahydropyrimidinium, N, N'-diethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1,2,3-trimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1,3 , 4-trimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1,3,5-trimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1-ethyl-3,4-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, -Ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1-ethyl-3,6-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylt
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (piperazinium ion) formed by quaternizing the nitrogen of the piperazine ring include the following. N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylpiperazinium, N-ethyl-N, N ′, N′-trimethylpiperazinium, N, N-diethyl-N ′, N′-dimethylpiperazinium, N, N, N′-triethyl-N′-methylpiperazinium, N, N, N ′, N′-tetraethylpiperazinium, 1,1,2,4,4-pentamethylpiperazinium, 1, 1,3,4,4-pentamethylpiperazinium, 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexamethylpiperazinium, 1,1,2,4,4,5-hexamethylpiperazinium, 1,1,2,4,4,6-hexamethylpiperazinium, 1,1,3,4,4,5-hexamethylpiperazinium, 1-ethyl-1,2,4,
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (piperidinium ion) formed by quaternizing the nitrogen of the piperidine ring include the following. N, N-dimethylpiperidinium, N-ethyl-N-methylpiperidinium, N, N-diethylpiperidinium, 1,1,2-trimethylpiperidinium, 1,1,3-trimethylpiperidinium 1,1,4-trimethylpiperidinium, 1,2,2-tetramethylpiperidinium, 1,1,2,3-tetramethylpiperidinium, 1,1,2,4-tetramethylpiperidizi 1,1,2,5-tetramethylpiperidinium, 1,1,2,6-tetramethylpiperidinium, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpiperidinium, 1,1,3 4-tetramethylpiperidinium, 1,1,3,5-tetramethylpiperidinium, 1-ethyl-1,2-dimethylpiperidinium, 1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylpiperidinium, 1- E
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (pyridinium ion) formed by quaternizing nitrogen of the pyridine ring include the following. N-methylpyridinium, N-ethylpyridinium, 1,2-dimethylpyridinium, 1,3-dimethylpyridinium, 1,4-dimethylpyridinium, 1-ethyl-2-methylpyridinium, 2-ethyl-1-methylpyridinium, 1 -Ethyl-3-methylpyridinium, 3-ethyl-1-methylpyridinium, 1-ethyl-4-methylpyridinium, 4-ethyl-1-methylpyridinium, 1,2-diethylpyridinium, 1,3-diethylpyridinium, 1 , 4-diethylpyridinium, 1,2,3-trimethylpyridinium, 1,2,4-trimethylpyridinium, 1,3,4-trimethylpyridinium, 1,3,5-trimethylpyridinium, 1,2,5
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (imidazolium ion) formed by quaternizing nitrogen of the imidazole ring include the following. N, N'-dimethylimidazolium, N-ethyl-N'-methylimidazolium, N, N'-diethylimidazolium, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium, 1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium, 1 -Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3,4-dimethylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylimidazolium, 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 4-ethyl -1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,2-diethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,4-diethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,5-diethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,3-
- the quaternary ammonium cation is preferably a tetraalkylammonium ion or a pyrrolidinium ion.
- the tetraalkylammonium ion is more preferably N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium.
- the pyrrolidinium ion is more preferably N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium.
- the quaternary ammonium cation is particularly preferably N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium.
- a commercially available compound can be used for the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I). Further, it is composed of a known method, for example, a quaternary ammonium halide salt obtained by a reaction between a tertiary amine and an alkyl halide, and a counter ion represented by X ⁇ in the general formula (I). It can also be produced by a method in which an acid or an alkali metal salt thereof is mixed and reacted (salt exchange) in an arbitrary solvent.
- the electrolyte solution of the present invention is a component other than the above essential components (non-aqueous solvent, quaternary ammonium salt represented by formula (I), and alkali metal cation) as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited. 1 type or 2 types or more may be included.
- An electric double layer capacitor using the non-aqueous electrolyte as an electrolyte is also included in the present invention.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention only needs to use the above non-aqueous electrolyte as the electrolyte, and the manufacturing method thereof is not particularly limited.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention has excellent durability in which a decrease in capacity (capacity deterioration) and an increase in resistance are reduced by using the non-aqueous electrolyte described above.
- Determination of alkali metal cations Determination of potassium ions: Measurements were performed using ion chromatography. Column: Dionex Ion Pac CS14 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 250mm (Japan Dionex) Detection method: Conductivity suppressor: CSRS300 (product name, Nippon Dionex) Suppressor current value: 35 mA Mobile phase: 0.010 M methanesulfonic acid solution regenerating solution: ultrapure water (2 mL / min) Mobile phase flow rate: 1.0 mL / min Column temperature: 30 ° C. Cell temperature: 35 ° C Sample injection volume: 25 ⁇ L Measurement method: Analyze standard product (0.1 ppm potassium solution) and sample solution (approx. 500 mg sample up to 50 ml with ultrapure water) and calculate the content using the following formula based on the peak obtained. did.
- K + ion (K + ) content (ppm) K in sample solution + peak area ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ 50 / sampled amount (mg) / K + peak area in standard solution ⁇ 1000
- Na + and other alkali metal cations were analyzed by changing the standard to the target compound.
- the initial capacity and internal resistance when a voltage of 2.7 V was applied were measured. Further, the capacity after storage for 2000 hours at 60 ° C. while applying a voltage of 2.7 V was measured, and the capacity deterioration rate from the initial capacity was calculated.
- the internal resistance was measured by an AC two-terminal method at a frequency of 1 kHz.
- the method for preparing the electrolytic solutions used in the examples and comparative examples is as follows.
- the propylene carbonate used in the examples and comparative examples is high-purity propylene carbonate (purity 99.99%) that has been precision distilled.
- Production Example 2 After 1000 g of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 1 was dissolved in water containing 0.5 mg of NaBF 4 and 20 mg of KBF 4 , the content was concentrated under reduced pressure. When the slurry became a normal pressure, 2000 g of isopropanol was added and recrystallized to obtain white crystals of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate.
- Production Example 3 White crystals of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrahydrate were prepared in the same manner as in Production Example 2 except that NaBF 4 0.5 mg and KBF 4 20 mg were changed to NaBF 4 20 mg and KBF 4 0.3 mg, respectively. Fluoroborate was obtained.
- Production Example 4 Except for changing 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide to N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium bromide, according to the method described in Example 1 of JP-B-8-31401, N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate was prepared.
- Production Example 5 Similar to Production Example 2, except that N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 4 was used instead of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate. The operation gave white crystals of N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate.
- Production Example 6 Similar to Production Example 3, except that N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 4 was used instead of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate. The operation gave white crystals of N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate.
- Comparative Example 1 N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 1 as an electrolyte in high-purity propylene carbonate at room temperature in a dry nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of ⁇ 40 ° C. is 1.5 mol / L.
- An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving in the solution. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Comparative Example 2 N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 2 as an electrolyte in high-purity propylene carbonate at room temperature in a dry nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of ⁇ 40 ° C. is 1.5 mol / L.
- An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving in the solution. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Example 1 100 g of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 2 was put into 100 g of dichloromethane and dissolved at 25 ° C., and then filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m membrane filter. The obtained filtrate was concentrated, crystallized by adding isopropyl alcohol to the concentrated residue, and cooled to 5 ° C. The obtained crystals were collected by filtration, washed with 5 ° C. isopropyl alcohol, and then dried under reduced pressure. An electrolytic solution was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the crystal thus obtained was used. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Example 2 100 g of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 2 was added to 100 g of dichloromethane and dissolved at 5 ° C., and then filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m membrane filter. The obtained filtrate was concentrated, crystallized by adding isopropyl alcohol to the concentrated residue, and cooled to 5 ° C. The obtained crystals were collected by filtration, washed with 5 ° C. isopropyl alcohol, and then dried under reduced pressure. An electrolytic solution was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the crystal thus obtained was used as the electrolyte. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Comparative Example 3 N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 3 as an electrolyte in high-purity propylene carbonate at room temperature in a dry nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of ⁇ 40 ° C. is 1.5 mol / L.
- An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving in the solution. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Example 3 100 g of the same N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate used in Production Example 3 was put into 100 g of dichloromethane and dissolved at 5 ° C., and then this was passed through a 0.45 ⁇ m membrane filter. Filtered. The obtained filtrate was concentrated, crystallized by adding isopropyl alcohol to the concentrated residue, and cooled to 5 ° C. The obtained crystals were collected by filtration, washed with 5 ° C. isopropyl alcohol, and then dried under reduced pressure. An electrolytic solution was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the crystal thus obtained was used as the electrolyte. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Comparative Example 4 N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 5 as an electrolyte in high-purity propylene carbonate at 1.5 mol / L in a dry nitrogen atmosphere at a dew point of ⁇ 40 ° C. at room temperature It melt
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Example 4 100 g of N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 5 was added to 100 g of dichloromethane, dissolved at 5 ° C., and then filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m membrane filter. did. The obtained filtrate was concentrated, crystallized by adding isopropyl alcohol to the concentrated residue, and cooled to 5 ° C. The obtained crystals were collected by filtration, washed with 5 ° C. isopropyl alcohol, and then dried under reduced pressure. An electrolytic solution was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that the crystal thus obtained was used as the electrolyte. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Comparative Example 5 N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 6 as electrolyte in high-purity propylene carbonate at 1.5 mol / L in a dry nitrogen atmosphere at a dew point of ⁇ 40 ° C. at room temperature It melt
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
- Example 5 100 g of N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate produced in Production Example 6 was added to 100 g of dichloromethane and dissolved at 5 ° C., and this was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m membrane filter. did. The obtained filtrate was concentrated, crystallized by adding isopropyl alcohol to the concentrated residue, and cooled to 5 ° C. The obtained crystals were collected by filtration, washed with 5 ° C. isopropyl alcohol, and then dried under reduced pressure. An electrolytic solution was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5 except that the crystal thus obtained was used as the electrolyte. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the same.
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Abstract
Description
(1)非水溶媒に、電解質として下記一般式(I):
Q+X- (I)
(上記式中、Q+は、第4級アンモニウムカチオンを表し、X-は、PF6 -、BF4 -、AsF6 -、N(CF3SO3)2 -、SbF6 -及びRfSO3 -(Rfは炭素数1~8のフルオロアルキル基)からなる群から選ばれる対イオンを表す)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩(但し、スピロ型第4級アンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを除く)が溶解されてなる電気二重層キャパシタ用の非水電解液であって、該非水電解液は、アルカリ金属カチオンを0.1~30ppm含むことを特徴とする非水電解液。
(2)アルカリ金属カチオン含量が10ppmを超えて30ppm以下であることを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の非水電解液。
(3)アルカリ金属カチオン含量が12~30ppmであることを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)に記載の非水電解液。
(4)アルカリ金属カチオンが、ナトリウムイオン及び/又はカリウムイオンであることを特徴とする前記(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
(5)第4級アンモニウムカチオンが、テトラアルキルアンモニウム又はピロリジニウムであることを特徴とする前記(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
(6)第4級アンモニウムカチオンが、N-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムであることを特徴とする前記(1)~(5)のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
(7)第4級アンモニウムカチオンが、N,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムであることを特徴とする前記(1)~(5)のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
(8)一般式(I)中のX-が、BF4 -であることを特徴とする前記(1)~(7)のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
(9)非水溶媒が、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、スルホラン、メチルスルホラン、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする前記(1)~(8)のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
(10)前記(1)~(9)のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液を電解液としてなることを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタ。
本発明の非水電解液は、非水溶媒に、電解質として上記一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩が溶解されてなる電気二重層キャパシタ用の非水電解液である。本発明の非水電解液は、アルカリ金属カチオンを0.1~30ppm含む。
30ppmを超えるアルカリ金属カチオンが含まれると、該非水電解液を用いて製造される電気二重層キャパシタの電気容量が低下しやすい(容量劣化を起こしやすい)という問題が生じるおそれがある。また、30ppmを超えるアルカリ金属カチオンが含まれると、該非水電解液を用いて製造される電気二重層キャパシタにおいて漏れ電流が増加するなどの問題を起こすおそれがある。
上記一般式(I)中、Q+は、第4級アンモニウムカチオンを表す。X-は、PF6 -、BF4 -、AsF6 -、N(CF3SO3)2 -、SbF6 -及びRfSO3 -(Rfは炭素数1~8のフルオロアルキル基)からなる群から選ばれる対イオンを表す。
X-は、好ましくはBF4 -である。
テトラメチルアンモニウム、エチルトリメチルアンモニウム、ジエチルジメチルアンモニウム、N,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウム、テトラエチルアンモニウム、トリメチル-n-プロピルアンモニウム、トリメチルイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチルジメチル-n-プロピルアンモニウム、エチルジメチルイソプロピルアンモニウム、ジエチルメチル-n-プロピルアンモニウム、ジエチルメチルイソプロピルアンモニウム、ジメチルジ-n-プロピルアンモニウム、ジメチル-n-プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、ジメチルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、トリエチル-n-プロピルアンモニウム、n-ブチルトリメチルアンモニウム、イソブチルトリメチルアンモニウム、t-ブチルトリメチルアンモニウム、トリエチルイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチルメチルジ-n-プロピルアンモニウム、エチルメチル-n-プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチルメチルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、n-ブチルエチルジメチルアンモニウム、イソブチルエチルジメチルアンモニウム、t-ブチルエチルジメチルアンモニウム、ジエチルジ-n-プロピルアンモニウム、ジエチル-n-プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、ジエチルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、メチルトリ-n-プロピルアンモニウム、メチルジ-n-プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、メチル-n-プロピルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、n-ブチルトリエチアンモニウム、イソブチルトリエチルアンモニウム、t-ブチルトリエチルアンモニウム、ジ-n-ブチルジメチルアンモニウム、ジイソブチルジメチルアンモニウム、ジ-t-ブチルジメチルアンモニウム、n-ブチルイソブチルジメチルアンモニウム、n-ブチル-t-ブチルジメチルアンモニウム、イソブチル-t-ブチルジメチルアンモニウムなど。
N,N-ジメチルピロリジニウム、N-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウム、N,N-ジエチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2-トリメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,3-トリメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,3-ジメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1-ジメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-2-メチルピロリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-3-メチルピロリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2-トリエチルピロリジニウム、1,1,3-トリエチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,3-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,3,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,2-トリメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,3-トリメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,2-トリメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,3-トリメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,4-トリメチルピロリジニウム、4-エチル-1,1,2-トリメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,5-トリメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,4-トリメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,2-トリメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,3-トリメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,3,3-トリメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,4-トリメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,5-トリメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,3,4-トリメチルピロリジニウム、2,2-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピロリジニウム、2,3-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピロリジニウム、3,3-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピロリジニウム、2,4-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピロリジニウム、2,5-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピロリジニウム、3,4-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1,2-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1,2-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1,4-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-1,2-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1,5-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1,4-ジメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,3-ペンタメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,4-ペンタメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,5-ペンタメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,3,4-ペンタメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,3,5-ペンタメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,3,3,4-ペンタメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,3,3,5-ペンタメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,2,3-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,2,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,2,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,3,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,3,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,4,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,3,3,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1-エチル-1,3,3,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,2,3-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,2,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,2,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,3,3-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,3,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,3,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,4,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,4,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,5,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,2,2-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,2,3-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,2,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,2,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,3,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,4,4-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,4,5-テトラメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,3,3-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,3,4-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,3,5-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,4,4-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,4,5-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,2,5,5-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,3,3,4-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,3,3,5-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,3,4,4-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,3,5,5-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウム、1,1,2,3,4,5-ヘキサメチルピロリジニウムなど。
N,N-ジメチルモルホリニウム、N-エチル-N-メチルモルホリニウム、N,N-ジエチルモルホリニウム、3,4,4-トリメチルモルホリニウム、2,4,4-トリメチルモルホリニウム、3-エチル-4,4-ジメチルモルホリニウム、2-エチル-4,4-ジメチルモルホリニウム、3,4-ジメチル-4-エチルモルホリニウム、2,4-ジメチル-4-エチルモルホリニウム、3-メチル-4,4-ジエチルモルホリニウム、2-メチル-4,4-ジエチルモルホリニウム、3,4-ジエチル-4-メチルモルホリニウム、2,4-ジエチル-4-メチルモルホリニウム、3,4,4-トリエチルモルホリニウム、2,4,4-トリエチルモルホリニウム、3,3,4,4-テトラメチルモルホリニウム、2,3,4,4-テトラメチルモルホリニウム、2,4,4,5-テトラメチルモルホリニウム、3,4,4,5-テトラメチルモルホリニウム、2,2,4,4-テトラメチルモルホリニウム、2,4,4,6-テトラメチルモルホリニウム、2,4,4-トリメチル-3-エチルモルホリニウム、2-エチル-3,4,4-トリメチルモルホリニウム、2,4,4-トリメチル-5-エチルモルホリニウム、2-エチル-4,4,5-トリメチルモルホリニウム、3-エチル-4,4,5-トリメチルモルホリニウム、2-エチル-4,4,6-トリメチルモルホリニウム、2,3-ジメチル-4,4-ジエチルモルホリニウム、2,5-ジメチル-4,4-ジエチルモルホリニウム、3,5-ジメチル-4,4-ジエチルモルホリニウム、2,6-ジメチル-4,4-ジエチルモルホリニウム、2,4-ジメチル-3,4-ジエチルモルホリニウム、2,4-ジエチル-3,4-ジメチルモルホリニウム、2,4-ジメチル-4,5-ジエチルモルホリニウム、2,4-ジエチル-4,5-ジメチルモルホリニウム、3,4-ジエチル-4,5-ジメチルモルホリニウム、2,4-ジエチル-4,6-ジメチルモルホリニウム、2,3-ジエチル-4,4-ジメチルモルホリニウム、2,5-ジエチル-4,4-ジメチルモルホリニウム、3,5-ジエチル-4,4-ジメチルモルホリニウム、2,6-ジエチル-4,4-ジメチルモルホリニウム、2,3,4,4,6-ペンタメチルモルホリニウム、2,3,4,4,5-ペンタメチルモルホリニウム、2,4,4,6-テトラメチル-3-エチルモルホリニウム、2,4,4,5-テトラメチル-3-エチルモルホリニウム、2-エチル-3,4,4,6-テトラメチルモルホリニウム、2-エチル-3,4,4,5-テトラメチルモルホリニウム、2,3,4,4,5,6-ヘキサメチルモルホリニウムなど。
N,N′-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、N-エチル-N′-メチルイミダゾリニウム、N,N′-ジエチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3-トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3,4-トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1-エチル-2,3-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1-エチル-3,4-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1-エチル-3,5-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、2-エチル-1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、4-エチル-1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2-ジエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,4-ジエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,5-ジエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3-ジエチル-2-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3-ジエチル-4-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3-トリエチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3,4-トリエチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3,4-テトラメチルイミダゾリニウム、1-エチル-2,3,4-トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1-エチル-2,3,5-トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1-エチル-3,4,5-トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、2-エチル-1,3,4-トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、4-エチル-1,2,3-トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2-ジエチル-3,4-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3-ジエチル-2,4-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,4-ジエチル-2,3-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、2,4-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、4,5-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3-トリエチル-4-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,4-トリエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,5-トリエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3,4-トリエチル-2-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3,4-トリエチル-5-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,4,5-トリエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3,4,5-ペンタメチルイミダゾリニウムなど。
N,N′-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、N-エチル-N′-メチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、N,N′-ジエチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2,3-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,3,4-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,3,5-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1-エチル-2,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1-エチル-3,4-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1-エチル-3,5-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1-エチル-3,6-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、2-エチル-1,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、4-エチル-1,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、5-エチル-1,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2,3,4-テトラメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2,3,5-テトラメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1-エチル-2,3,4-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1-エチル-2,3,5-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1-エチル-2,3,6-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、2-エチル-1,3,4-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、2-エチル-1,3,5-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、4-エチル-1,2,3-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、4-エチル-1,3,5-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、4-エチル-1,3,6-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、5-エチル-1,2,3-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、5-エチル-1,3,4-トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-3,4-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-3,5-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-3,6-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-2,4-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-2,5-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-2,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-3,5-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-3,6-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,5-ジエチル-2,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,5-ジエチル-3,4-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,5-ジエチル-3,6-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、2,4-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、2,5-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、4,5-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、4,6-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2,3,4,5-ペンタメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2,3,4,6-ペンタメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2,3,4,5,6-ヘキサメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、5-メチル-1,5-ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]-5-ノネニウム、5-エチル-1,5-ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]-5-ノネニウム、5-メチル-1,5-ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]-5-ウンデセニウム、5-エチル-1,5-ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]-5-ウンデセニウムなど。
N,N,N′,N′-テトラメチルピペラジニウム、N-エチル-N,N′,N′-トリメチルピペラジニウム、N,N-ジエチル-N′,N′-ジメチルピペラジニウム、N,N,N′-トリエチル-N′-メチルピペラジニウム、N,N,N′,N′-テトラエチルピペラジニウム、1,1,2,4,4-ペンタメチルピペラジニウム、1,1,3,4,4-ペンタメチルピペラジニウム、1,1,2,3,4,4-ヘキサメチルピペラジニウム、1,1,2,4,4,5-ヘキサメチルピペラジニウム、1,1,2,4,4,6-ヘキサメチルピペラジニウム、1,1,3,4,4,5-ヘキサメチルピペラジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,4,4-テトラメチルピペラジニウム、1-エチル-1,3,4,4-テトラメチルピペラジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,4,4-テトラメチルピペラジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,4,4-テトラメチルピペラジニウム、1-エチル-1,3,4,4-テトラメチルピペラジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-2,4,4-トリメチルピペラジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-1,2,4-トリメチルピペラジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1,4,4-トリメチルピペラジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1,4,4-トリメチルピペラジニウムなど。
N,N-ジメチルピペリジニウム、N-エチル-N-メチルピペリジニウム、N,N-ジエチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,4-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1,2,2-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2,3-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2,4-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2,5-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2,6-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3,4-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3,5-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,3-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,4-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,3-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,4-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,5-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,6-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,3,4-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,3,5-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-2-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-3-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-4-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-2,3-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-2,4-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-2,5-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-2,6-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-3,4-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,1-ジエチル-3,5-ジメチルピペリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,3-トリメチルピペリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,4-トリメチルピペリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,5-トリメチルピペリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1,6-トリメチルピペリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,2-トリメチルピペリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,4-トリメチルピペリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,5-トリメチルピペリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1,6-トリメチルピペリジニウム、4-エチル-1,1,2-トリメチルピペリジニウム、4-エチル-1,1,3-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1-エチル-1,2,4-トリメチルピペリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1,5-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1,6-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1,5-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1,4-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1,6-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-1,2-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2-トリエチル-3-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2-トリエチル-4-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2-トリエチル-5-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2-トリエチル-6-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3-トリエチル-2-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3-トリエチル-4-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3-トリエチル-5-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3-トリエチル-6-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,4-トリエチル-2-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,4-トリエチル-3-メチルピペリジニウム、2-エチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、3-エチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、4-エチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、2,3-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、2,4-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、2,5-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、2,6-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、3,4-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、3,5-ジエチル-1,1-ジメチルピペリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,2,3-トリエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,2,4-トリエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,2,5-トリエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,2,6-トリエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,3,4-トリエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,3,5-トリエチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2-トリエチルピペリジニウム、1,1,4-トリエチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2,3-テトラエチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2,4-テトラエチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2,5-テトラエチルピペリジニウム、1,1,2,6-テトラエチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3,4-テトラメチルピペリジニウム、1,1,3,5-テトラエチルピペリジニウムなど。
N-メチルピリジニウム、N-エチルピリジニウム、1,2-ジメチルピリジニウム、1,3-ジメチルピリジニウム、1,4-ジメチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-2-メチルピリジニウム、2-エチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-3-メチルピリジニウム、3-エチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-4-メチルピリジニウム、4-エチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、1,2-ジエチルピリジニウム、1,3-ジエチルピリジニウム、1,4-ジエチルピリジニウム、1,2,3-トリメチルピリジニウム、1,2,4-トリメチルピリジニウム、1,3,4-トリメチルピリジニウム、1,3,5-トリメチルピリジニウム、1,2,5-トリメチルピリジニウム、1,2,6-トリメチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-2,3-ジメチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-2,4-ジメチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-2,5-ジメチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-2,6-ジメチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-3,4-ジメチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-3,5-ジメチルピリジニウム、2-エチル-1,3-ジメチルピリジニウム、2-エチル-1,4-ジメチルピリジニウム、2-エチル-1,5-ジメチルピリジニウム、2-エチル-1,6-ジメチルピリジニウム、3-エチル-1,2-ジメチルピリジニウム、3-エチル-1,4-ジメチルピリジニウム、3-エチル-1,5-ジメチルピリジニウム、3-エチル-1,6-ジメチルピリジニウム、4-エチル-1,2-ジメチルピリジニウム、4-エチル-1,3-ジメチルピリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-3-メチルピリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-4-メチルピリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-5-メチルピリジニウム、1,2-ジエチル-6-メチルピリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-2-メチルピリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-4-メチルピリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-5-メチルピリジニウム、1,3-ジエチル-6-メチルピリジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-2-メチルピリジニウム、1,4-ジエチル-3-メチルピリジニウム、2,3-ジエチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、2,4-ジエチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、2,5-ジエチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、2,6-ジエチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、3,4-ジエチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、3,5-ジエチル-1-メチルピリジニウム、1,2,3,4,5-ペンタメチルピリジニウム、1,2,3,4,6-ペンタメチルピリジニウム、1,2,3,5,6-ペンタメチルピリジニウム、1,2,3,4,5,6-ヘキサメチルピリジニウムなど。
N,N′-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、N-エチル-N′-メチルイミダゾリウム、N,N′-ジエチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3-トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3,4-トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1-エチル-2,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1-エチル-3,4-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1-エチル-3,5-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、2-エチル-1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、4-エチル-1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,2-ジエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,4-ジエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,5-ジエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,3-ジエチル-2-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,3-ジエチル-4-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3-トリエチルイミダゾリウム、1,3,4-トリエチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3,4-テトラメチルイミダゾリウム、1-エチル-2,3,4-トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1-エチル-2,3,5-トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1-エチル-3,4,5-トリメチルイミダゾリウム、2-エチル-1,3,4-トリメチルイミダゾリウム、4-エチル-1,2,3-トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1,2-ジエチル-3,4-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3-ジエチル-2,4-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,4-ジエチル-2,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,4-ジエチル-2,5-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、2,4-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、4,5-ジエチル-1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3-トリエチル-4-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,4-トリエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,5-トリエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,3,4-トリエチル-2-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,3,4-トリエチル-5-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,4,5-トリエチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3,4,5-ペンタメチルイミダゾリウムなど。
本発明の電気二重層キャパシタは、電解液として上記の非水電解液を使用するものであればよく、その製造方法等も特に限定されない。本発明の電気二重層キャパシタは、上述した非水電解液を使用することにより、容量の低下(容量劣化)や抵抗の上昇が低減された耐久性に優れるものである。
尚、電解液中のアルカリ金属カチオン濃度の測定、及びこの電解液を用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性の評価は下記方法により行った。
カリウムイオンの定量:
イオンクロマトグラフィー法を用いて測定を実施した。
カラム:Dionex Ion Pac CS14 φ4×250mm(日本ダイオネクス社)
検出方法:電導度
サプレッサー:CSRS300(製品名、日本ダイオネクス社)
サプレッサー電流値:35mA
移動相:0.010Mメタンスルホン酸溶液
再生液:超純水(2mL/分)
移動相流量:1.0mL/分
カラム温度:30℃
セル温度:35℃
試料注入量:25μL
測定方法:標準品(0.1ppmカリウム溶液)及びサンプル液(試料約500mgを超純水にて50mlにメスアップ)を分析し、得られたピークを元に下記の計算式で含有量を算出した。
(キャパシタの作製方法)
下記の材料を用いて素子(3cm×5cm:5枚積層)を作製し、180℃で15時間真空乾燥を行った後、電解液を含浸(電解液量0.097cc/F)させてラミネートセル(電気二重層キャパシタ)を作製した。作製した電気二重層キャパシタは室温で2.7V印加した状態で24時間のエージング処理を実施し、それぞれの初期特性を測定した。
・電極:ジャパンゴアテックス社製シート電極
・電解紙(セパレータ):ニッポン高度紙工業製TF4050
・電解液:実施例1~5、及び比較例1~4で作製した各電解液
特公平8-31401号公報の例1に記載の方法に従ってN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレートを製造した。
製造例1で製造したN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレート1000gをNaBF40.5mg、KBF420mgを溶解させた水に溶解させた後、減圧下で濃縮させて内容物がスラリー状になったところで常圧にし、イソプロパノール2000gを加えて再結晶させて白色結晶のN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレートを得た。
NaBF40.5mg、KBF420mgを、それぞれNaBF420mg、KBF40.3mgに変更した以外は、製造例2と同様に操作して白色結晶のN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレートを得た。
1-エチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム ブロミドをN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウム ブロミドに変更した以外は、特公平8-31401号公報の例1に記載の方法に準じてN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを製造した。
N-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレートに代えて、製造例4で製造したN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを用いた以外は、製造例2と同様に操作して白色結晶のN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを得た。
N-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレートに代えて、製造例4で製造したN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを用いた以外は、製造例3と同様に操作して白色結晶のN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを得た。
室温下、露点-40℃の乾燥窒素雰囲気中で、高純度のプロピレンカーボネートに電解質として製造例1で製造したN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレートを1.5mol/Lとなるように溶解して電解液を調製した。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
室温下、露点-40℃の乾燥窒素雰囲気中で、高純度のプロピレンカーボネートに電解質として製造例2で製造したN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレートを1.5mol/Lとなるように溶解して電解液を調製した。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
製造例2で製造したN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレート100gをジクロロメタン100gに投入し、25℃にて溶解させたのち、このものを0.45μmのメンブランフィルターにてろ過した。得られた濾液を濃縮し、濃縮残渣にイソプロピルアルコールを加えることで結晶化し、5℃に冷却した。得られた結晶を濾取して5℃のイソプロピルアルコールで洗浄したのち減圧乾燥した。これにより得られた結晶を用いた以外は、比較例1と同じ方法で電解液を得た。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
製造例2で製造したN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレート100gをジクロロメタン100gに投入し、5℃にて溶解させたのち、このものを0.45μmのメンブランフィルターにてろ過した。得られた濾液を濃縮し、濃縮残渣にイソプロピルアルコールを加えることで結晶化し、5℃に冷却した。得られた結晶を濾取して5℃のイソプロピルアルコールで洗浄したのち減圧乾燥した。これにより得られた結晶を電解質として用いた以外は、比較例1と同じ方法で電解液を得た。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
室温下、露点-40℃の乾燥窒素雰囲気中で、高純度のプロピレンカーボネートに電解質として製造例3で製造したN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレートを1.5mol/Lとなるように溶解して電解液を調製した。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
製造例3で用いたものと同じN-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレート100gをジクロロメタン100gに投入し、5℃にて溶解させたのち、このものを0.45μmのメンブランフィルターにてろ過した。得られた濾液を濃縮し、濃縮残渣にイソプロピルアルコールを加えることで結晶化し、5℃に冷却した。得られた結晶を濾取して5℃のイソプロピルアルコールで洗浄したのち減圧乾燥した。これにより得られた結晶を電解質として用いた以外は、比較例2と同じ方法で電解液を得た。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
室温下、露点-40℃の乾燥窒素雰囲気中で、高純度のプロピレンカーボネートに電解質として製造例5で製造したN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを1.5mol/Lとなるように溶解して電解液を調製した。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
製造例5で製造したN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート100gをジクロロメタン100gに投入し、5℃にて溶解させたのち、このものを0.45μmのメンブランフィルターにてろ過した。得られた濾液を濃縮し、濃縮残渣にイソプロピルアルコールを加えることで結晶化し、5℃に冷却した。得られた結晶を濾取して5℃のイソプロピルアルコールで洗浄したのち減圧乾燥した。これにより得られた結晶を電解質として用いた以外は、比較例4と同じ方法で電解液を得た。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
室温下、露点-40℃の乾燥窒素雰囲気中で、高純度のプロピレンカーボネートに電解質として製造例6で製造したN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを1.5mol/Lとなるように溶解して電解液を調製した。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
製造例6で製造したN,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート100gをジクロロメタン100gに投入し、5℃にて溶解させたのち、このものを0.45μmのメンブランフィルターにてろ過した。得られた濾液を濃縮し、濃縮残渣にイソプロピルアルコールを加えることで結晶化し、5℃に冷却した。得られた結晶を濾取して5℃のイソプロピルアルコールで洗浄したのち減圧乾燥した。これにより得られた結晶を電解質として用いた以外は、比較例5と同じ方法で電解液を得た。これを用いて製造した電気二重層キャパシタの特性を表1に示す。
Claims (10)
- 非水溶媒に、電解質として下記一般式(I):
Q+X- (I)
(上記式中、Q+は、第4級アンモニウムカチオンを表し、X-は、PF6 -、BF4 -、AsF6 -、N(CF3SO3)2 -、SbF6 -及びRfSO3 -(Rfは炭素数1~8のフルオロアルキル基)からなる群から選ばれる対イオンを表す)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩(但し、スピロ型第4級アンモニウムテトラフルオロボレートを除く)が溶解されてなる電気二重層キャパシタ用の非水電解液であって、該非水電解液は、アルカリ金属カチオンを0.1~30ppm含むことを特徴とする非水電解液。 - アルカリ金属カチオン含量が10ppmを超えて30ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- アルカリ金属カチオン含量が12~30ppmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解液。
- アルカリ金属カチオンが、ナトリウムイオン及び/又はカリウムイオンであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
- 第4級アンモニウムカチオンが、テトラアルキルアンモニウム又はピロリジニウムであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
- 第4級アンモニウムカチオンが、N-エチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
- 第4級アンモニウムカチオンが、N,N,N-トリエチル-N-メチルアンモニウムであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
- 一般式(I)中のX-が、BF4 -であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
- 非水溶媒が、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、スルホラン、メチルスルホラン、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液を電解液としてなることを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタ。
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